USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1910 > Part 22
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Summary for Eight Years, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910.
Diphtheria Cultures.
No. Examined
Males
Females
0-5
5-10
10-20
Over 20
Age not No stated growth
1903
817
387
430
282
199
125
185
26
5
1904
1,429
629
800
537
400
231
261
34
29
1905
792
346
446
204
260
139
170
19
4
1906
968
407
561
282
370
158
152
6
6
1907
971
423
548
224
346
185
210
6
3
1908
1,293
542
751
278
421
238
150
6
3
1909
1,537
694
843
375
657
206
284
15
9
1910
1,062
448
614
341
247
235
222
17
6
For Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis Diph. Clin. Diag. not Diph. Clin. Diag. not stated
Positive
Negative
Positive Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
360
56
35
11
122
27
109
1904
406
72
37
11
96
59
131
1905
263
15
23
10
76
36
103
1906
419
55
60
14
130
47
107
1907
462
45
34
10
104
52
21'
1908
524
57
48
14
96
92
217
1909
637
54
28
18
121
117
299
1910
540
24
31
14
144
52
275
290
ANNUAL REPORTS.
For Release
Positive
Negative
1903
95
362
1904
233
761
1905
139
386
1906
85
464
1907
98
408
1908
136
630
1909
165
726
1910
75
447
Sputum for Tuberculosis.
No. Examined
Males
Females
Positive
Negative
Clin. Diag. Tuberculosis Positive Negative
1903
137
66
71
26
111
15
21
1904
124
54
70
28
96
14
29
1905
162
69
93
22
140
11
38
1906
175
95
80
9
166
7
44
1907
227
100
127
7
220
4
79
1908
173
84
89
14
159
9
59
1909
192
100
92
14
178
10
69
1910
185
88
97
36
149
18
46
Clinical Diagnosis not Tuberculosis
Clinical Diagnosis not stated
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
9
61
2
29
1904
11
43
3
24
1905
5
59
6
43
1906
1
85
1
37
1907
2
84
1
57
1908
3
63
2
43
1909
3
65
1
44
1910
12
73
6
30
Blood for Typhoid Fever.
No. Examined Males
Females
Positive
Clin Negative
Diag. Typhoid Fever Positive
Negative
1903
72
39
33
27
45
18
7
1904
76
53
23
32
44
18
4
1905
78
45
33
26
50
11
1
1906
94
57
37
24
70
14
15
1907
110
58
52
45
65
25
10
1908
110
59
51
31
79
20
14
1909
150
89
61
52
98
33
24
1910
120
65
55
24
96
18
18
Clin. Diag. not Typhoid Fever Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
2
6
7
32
1904
0
6
14
34
1905
1
5
14
44
1906
0
8
10
47
1907
0
3
20
52
1908
. .
0)
6
11
59
1909
0
5
19
69
1910
0
5
6
73
Respectfully 'submitted,
FRANK L. MORSE,
Medical Inspector.
1
Clin. Diag. not stated
.
. .
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, CITY HALL, Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1911.
To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith submit the report of the inspector of animals and provisions for the year 1910.
The following is a statement of the number of animals killed during the year at the five slaughtering establishments in the city :-
Swine, 893,928; sheep, 299,587; calves, 58,233; cattle, 21,627. The work of the five large establishments in Somer- ville has been inspected by me as required by the law.
Somerville is one of the largest quarantine stations for the export of animals in the United States, the number exported last year being : Cattle, 41,656 ; sheep, 455.
The total number of neat cattle kept in the city is 259; swine, 202; cows, fifty-four; goats, three, all of which have been inspected by me several times during the year.
There have been 3,682 horses examined in stables where contagious diseases were reported to exist. Thirty-nine were quarantined, a decrease from last year of four. Of this num- ber, thirty-seven were killed and two were released. Two cows suspected of tuberculosis were quarantined, then released, after being tested and found free from disease. All the stables where cows are kept have been whitewashed, disinfected, and ventilated.
All the blacksmith shops of the city have been disinfected and whitewashed during the year.
Four hundred and twenty-eight visits have been made to the eighty-nine bakeries in the city, and all are in good condi- tion.
Three hundred and eighty-seven visits have been made to the eighty-four barber shops, and all regulations are being com- plied with. All have been frequently inspected, and most of them have been found to be in excellent condition.
There have been 2,792 visits made to stores and markets, and 973 pedlers' carts have been inspected from which fish, pro- visions, and produce were sold.
The following articles have been condemned and de- stroyed :-----
Fish.
Codfish, whole, 27; bluefish, whole, 21; flounders, whole,; 106; had- dock, whole, 126; halibut, whole, 19; halibut, smoked. 6 pounds: her- ring, fresh, 2,180; mackerel, whole, 97; pollock, whole, 86; salmon, fresh, 28 pounds; clams, 1 bushel; lobsters, 29; oysters, 31/2 gallons.
292
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Meats.
Beef, fresh, 681 pounds; beef, corned, 342 pounds; Hamburg steak, 25 pounds; livers, whole, 15; mutton, 103 pounds; pigs' feet, 111/2 kegs; pork, fresh, 87 pounds; pork, salt, 36 pounds; pork, smoked, 162 pounds; poultry, 491 pounds; sausage, fresh, 16 pounds; sausage, smoked, 14 pounds; tripe, 9 kegs; veal, 109 pounds.
Fruit.
Apples, 19 bushels; bananas, 92 dozen; cantaloupes, 141/2 crates; dates, 11/4 boxes; grape fruit, 11 dozen; grapes, 18 baskets; lemons, 161/2 dozen; oranges, 3 boxes; peaches, 11 baskets; plums, 3 baskets; blackberries, 67 quarts; raspberries, 41 cups; strawberries, 219 quarts.
Vegetables.
Beans, green, 8 crates; beets, 2 bushels, 32 bunches; cabbage, 4 bar- rels; carrots, 112 bushels; cauliflower, 28 head; celery, 64 bunches; cucumbers, 8 crates; greens, 17 bushels; lettuce, 6 boxes; onions, 3 bushels; potatoes, white, 21 bushels; potatoes, sweet, 29 crates; squash, 7 barrels; tomatoes, 16 baskets; turnips, 6 barrels.
I have performed all other duties as required by your board. Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES M. BERRY.
.
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR.
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK, City Hall, January 2, 1911.
To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith submit my report for the year end- ing December 31, 1910.
Milk.
It is estimated that there are 7,226,400,000 gallons of milk produced annually in the United States. While this figure seems large, it only allows for six-tenths of a pint of milk to each individual. Milk in New England forms about sixteen per cent. of the total food of the average American family. While adults consume a large quantity of milk, infants and chil- dren use the greater portion, as milk is the principal article of diet up to five years of age.
Of this enormous quantity of milk produced, Somerville consumes daily about 22,828 quarts, supplied by 109 milkmen, who deliver directly to the consumer or through the 472 stores licensed to sell milk.
All of the contractors and some of the smaller dealers sell pasteurized milk, but the majority of the dealers handle raw milk.
The yearly average was butter fat, 3.58+, total solids, 12.70+; the average for December, 1910, was butter fat, 3.96+, total solids, 12.98+, the highest for the year; while the average for July was butter fat, 3.49+, total solids, 12.18+, the lowest for the year.
At that season of the year milk is produced under the most trying conditions, the farmers, being interested in other work, leaving the cattle to get along as best they may without proper attention, food, or drink.
During the year 1,279 samples of milk were examined chemically, and 281 samples were examined for bacteria, both kind and quantity. Of this number, 163 were below chemical standard, and fifty-two were higher in bacterial content than is allowed by the Milk Rules and Regulations which were adopted in May, 1910.
The different varieties sold in Somerville and delivered by teams, in sealed bottles only, direct to the consumer, are called :-
"Certified Milk," which is certified to contain at least four per cent. butter fat and over thirteen per cent. total solids, and contain under 10,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter, sells at from twelve cents to sixteen cents per quart.
"Baby Milk," which is bottled for families who are feeding
-
294
ANNUAL REPORTS.
children with cow's milk, and comes from the cleanest dairy supplying the dealer, sells from ten to twelve cents per quart, and ordinary
"Farm Milk," the average price of which is nine cents.
"Modified Milk" is sold by some dealers from specially- · written physicians' prescriptions, which vary according to the needs of the patient, the price varying according to the con- tents.
Ordinary "Market Milk" may be purchased from stores in three ways, sealed bottles, or from dip tanks, or from cans by the pint or quart. This last method is the cheapest, but it is being gradually discontinued, as it is the least sanitary.
Standard.
The statute relating to the chemical standard reads as fol- lows: "Milk, which upon analysis is shown to contain less than 12.15 per cent. of milk solids or less than 3.35 per cent. butter fat, shall not be considered of good standard quality."
Not only must the milk comply with the above law, but it must also be clean, wholesome, and safe, complying with the regulations of the board of health, which requires that "Milk shall contain not more than 500,000 bacteria per cubic centi- meter, and shall contain no pathogenic micro-organisms." To attain this end, each specimen is subjected to a microscopical examination, and a bacterial count is also made.
Bacteriology.
Two cubic centimeters of each sample of milk are centri- fuged for twenty minutes, smears are then made according to "Slack's Method," and examined microscopically for pus or pus and streptococci or streptococci.
If the milk of any dealer shows the presence of any organ- ism dangerous to health, the individual dairies supplying him are subjected to these tests, and the one at fault is withdrawn from that dealer's supply.
In making the bacteriological count of certified milk, one cubic centimeter of milk is mixed with ninety-nine cubic centi- meters of steril water, giving a dilution of one part to a hun- dred.
In ordinary market milk it is necessary to go a step further and dilute one cubic centimeter of diluted milk with ninety-nine cubic centimeters more of steril water, giving a dilution of one to 10,000. One cubic centimeter of this last dilution is then mixed with nutrient agar in steril petri dishes and incubated for two days (forty-eight hours) at thirty-seven degrees centi- grade. Then the number of colonies of bacteria seen growing under the magnifying glass show the actual number of indi- vidual bacteria in the original cubic centimeter of milk when multiplied by 100 or 10,000, according to the dilution used. It
295
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
became possible to do this bacteriological work only when the · laboratory was established in the early part of 1910.
The inspection of a city's milk supply is a many-sided prob-
lem. The average consumer believes that milk having a plainly-marked cream line and no visible sediment is pure, and little or no interest has been taken in the actual cleanliness and bacterial count of the milk. Any one by straining the milk may remove the visible particles of dirt, but the bacteria pass on and continue to multiply, and I wish to urge that all who can visit the stable or milk rooms where the milk is bottled, and see if it is handled in as cleanly a manner as they would prepare any other article of food for their table.
It is the bacteria with which the milk becomes contami- nated and are not visible to the naked eye, and their soluble toxins, which cause disease.
The following instructions are printed on the reverse side of each notice of high bacterial content, and if followed will materially assist the dealer : "To insure that your milk or cream shall conform to the requirements, both cleanliness and cold are absolutely necessary at every stage of its handling. With clean cows, clean hands, clean pails, clean cans, labels, strainers, etc., absence of dust in the air to which milk is exposed, rapid cool- ing, and continuous maintenance thereafter of the temperature at or below fifty degrees Fahrenheit, you need have no failures in meeting the demands of the regulations."
Laboratory.
In March, 1910, a laboratory was built on the top floor of city hall, under the direction of Walter T. Littlefield, to be used by the department of milk inspection and by the medical in- spector, Dr. Frank L. Morse. Modern apparatus was installed for the chemical and bacteriological examination of milk, thereby placing Somerville in a position to do all kinds of . laboratory work on milk, vinegar, butter, and oleomargarine.
Bottles.
There seems to have been during the last year among the milk dealers a growing disregard of Section 3, Chapter 435, Acts of 1908. I wish to urge all dealers to observe this law, as it is still in force. I am informed that there is being formed an association whose object is to exchange stray bottles, and I advise every dealer to look into this matter.
The milk dealers have co-operated with me in every way possible to improve the quality of the milk sold in Somerville, and thanks are due to the Somerville newspapers, which have willingly assisted me in the educational work, both among the producers and consumers, by publishing from time to time arti- cles emphasizing the necessity of cleanliness, and cold in the handling of all milk.
296
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Vinegar.
During the year there have been twenty-seven samples of vinegar (in bulk) collected and analyzed.
With four exceptions, these samples were of good quality and properly classified.
The dealers were notified who were handling the impure article.
Oleomargarine.
There are nine dealers licensed to sell butterine in Somer- ville until May 31, 1911.
Court Cases. .
No license to sell milk
5
No license to sell cream.
1
Selling milk not of good standard quality
14
Selling milk to which a foreign substance has been added (water)
2
Total
22
Convictions
20
Acquittals
2
Total
22
Fines
$145.00
Statistics.
Licenses issued (oleomargarine, 9, milk, 579)
588
Chemical samples collected
1,069
Bacteriological samples collected .
281
Vinegar samples collected
27
Total collections
1,377
Samples left at office
210
Total analyses .
1,587
Notices of milk below standard
163
Bacteria notices
52
Other notices
25
Total notices
240
Inspections (stores, dairies, stables, etc.)
985
1
Respectfully submitted,
HERBERT E. BOWMAN, Inspector of Milk and Vinegar.
1
SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.
Board of Overseers of the Poor. EDWARD B. WEST, President. ALBERT W. EDMANDS, Vice-President. HENRY F. CURTIS, M. D.
Committees. ON FINANCE, INVESTIGATION AND RELIEF, AND CITY HOME-Mr. West, Mr. Edmands and Dr. Curtis.
Secretary. CORA F. LEWIS.
General Agent. CHARLES C. FOLSOM.
City Physician. C. CLARKE TOWLE, M, D.
Warden and Matron, City Home. Mr. and Mrs. J. FOSTER COLQUHOUN.
Office. City Hall Annex, Highland Avenue.
REPORT OF OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.
Somerville, Mass., December 31, 1910. To the Honorable, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen : -
Gentlemen,-We beg herewith to submit our annual re- port for the year 1910, together with the report of the general agent for miscellaneous account and of the warden of the city home, including table showing receipts and expenditures.
The year has certainly been a favorable one for our de- partment, so far as it is probable or possible, as labor has been in good demand and we have been free from epidemics or un- usual calls for medical aid. We realize, however, that, as charity begins, so it must continue always and rightly-at home and everywhere.
In the exercise of this charity we feel that our city is doing its full and generous duty.
We would congratulate our agent upon the successful completion of twenty-five years of able service; and also our city in securing the services of one whose heart as well as his head has been so conscientiously given to his work. The work at the home has been most satisfactory, and the proceeds from the farm larger than ever before.
As is suggested in the added reports, we do and have for a long time felt the need of some accommodation for the sick at the home, and the large number of extreme cases in the past year have brought this fact very clearly before us. We would respectfully ask your consideration of the matter.
Respectfully submitted,
E. B. WEST, Overseers A. W. EDMANDS, of the H. F. CURTIS, Poor.
REPORT OF GENERAL AGENT.
Somerville, Mass., December 31, 1910.
To the Board of Overseers of the Poor, Somerville, Mass. :-
Gentlemen,-In accordance with recent custom, the gen- eral agent begs leave to submit the following report for the year 1910 :-
The work of the department has been carried on in much the same way as previous years. Help has been in fair de- mand, and all who desire to do so have found work.
We have expended during the year past $16,110.42 for the miscellaneous account of the outdoor poor, divided as follows : $4,195.25 for food, $469.80 for fuel, $221.37 for nursing, and for board of sundry persons, $661.36. We have paid other cities and towns for aid rendered paupers having a settlement in this city $3,050.93. We have assisted in the burial of several persons to the amount of $292. The salaries paid, including that of the city physician, have amounted to $3,920.67. We collected during the year for the Somerville Hospital, for care and treatment of persons not settled in this city, $1,982.72. We paid $195.39 for medicine used by our city physician in his work for the sick poor. These and other minor bills have been paid by our miscellaneous department.
There are at this date, December 31, 1910, thirty-one in- mates at the city home. Quite a large amount of produce was raised on the farm, and on the whole a very satisfactory finan- cial showing was made.
It seems to us that it is really necessary to have a small hospital ward added to the home, so that the sick inmates may have proper care and treatment in a place suitable for them. This was asked for last year, and it seems more necessary than ever now, in view of the large amount of sickness at the home lately.
In my report to you in 1909 I referred to the children who were being supported at the hospital school at Canton, saying that it did not seem to me that this department should pay for their support there. In compliance with the request of the board, I submitted the matter to the mayor, and he, after con- sulting with the city solicitor, sent the bills to the finance com- mittee, and on December 15 an order was adopted in the board of aldermen, directing this department to pay the bill, which it has done. It still seems to me that this department is not the one to pay bills of this kind.
A few years ago we were asked to pay bills for the main- tenance of truants at the Truant School at Chelmsford. This
300
ANNUAL REPORTS.
·we contested, and the bills were afterwards assumed by the school board, and are being paid by them at the present time. The bills for supporting these children in the hospital schools should also be paid, I think, from the appropriation for schools. All the poor department has to do with this matter is to look up the settlement and see whether or not the cases belong to us.
In consequence of the large amount of work we have to do in looking up settlements for the board of health, some extra clerical help has been required. The cost during the year 1910 was about $125. If the law could be changed so that the board of health would do their own work in regard to settle- ments, it would relieve us somewhat.
I wish to thank the board for another pleasant year-my twenty-fifth of service in this department .. The relations have been very cordial and harmonious.
The usual tables are annexed.
Very respectfully, · C. C. FOLSOM, General Agent.
3
301
SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.
Table No. 1. FULL SUPPORT (DURING THE YEAR).
In city home (men 37, women 17) .
54
In city home December 31, 1910 (men 21, women 10)
31
In private families 1
In Somerville hospital
221
In hospitals for the sick in other towns, cities, and state .
78
In care of state division minor wards .
3
Table No. 2. PARTIAL SUPPORT (OUTDOOR RELIEF).
Families
208
Persons aided (not including hospital cases)
803
Burials
15
Permits to state infirmary
16
Average expense to the city for each (ambulance for one),
$1.84
Table No. 3. REIMBURSEMENTS.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts .
$1,110 65
City of Boston .
802 76
66
Cambridge
342 27
66
Chelsea
52 86
" Everett
90 57
66
66 Lawrence
80 00
66 Malden
42 00
66
66 Medford
201 50
New Bedford
29 60
" Newburyport
44 29
66
Newton
132 60
Springfield
62 35
66
Taunton
36 00
66
Waltham
78 57
66
Woburn
50 68
66
Worcester
105 71
Town of Arlington .
37 17
Boylston
10 00
66
Foxboro
18 93
" Framingham
10 00
66
Halifax
48 57
Hanover
31 00
66
Hingham
105 71
66
Leominster
52 17
66
Lexington
11-43
66
66 Revere
40 00
66
Watertown
10 00
66
66 Weston
8 00
Relatives and individuals
-
100 00
1
$3,881 46
Wakefield
7 14
Burlington
124 33
Fall River
4 60
·
302
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Table No. 4. SOMERVILLE HOSPITAL (PATIENTS ON CITY BEDS).
Patients having settlement in Somerville
83
Patients having settlement in other cities or towns 56
Patients having no settlement (chargeable to state)
82
Total number of patients sent to hospital
221
Money paid hospital by the city for patients settled in Somerville
$5,000 00
Amount reimbursed to the city and paid to the hospital for patients not settled in Somerville . 1,982 72
Total paid to the hospital
$6,982 72
Table No. 5. POPULATION AND GROSS EXPENDITURES, 1883 TO 1910, INCLUSIVE.
Year.
Population (Estimated).
Expenditures.
1883
27,000
$15,959.80
1884
28,000.
17,272.52
1885
*29,992
16,430.32
1886
32,000
14,341.83
1887
34,000
13,430.89
1888
36,000
13,375.98
1889
39,000
14,610.92
1890
*40,117
15,261.14
1891
43,000
15,980.49
1892
46,000
17,015.30
1893
48,000
17,799.58
1894
50,000
19,733.13
1895
*52,200
20,755.46
1896
54,000
21,999.79
1897
56,000
25,681.47
1898
57,500
28,522.21
1899
60,000
28,924.39
1900
*61,643
Miscellaneous, $23,697.62 City Home, 5,528.83
29,226.45
1901
.
62,500
City Home, 6,622.43
1902
63,500
City Home,
7,396.64
1903
.
65,500
City Home,
7,548.39
1904
·
69,500
Miscellaneous, $20,476.54 City Home, 6,563.11
27,039.65
1905
*69,272
City Home,
7,474.36
1906
72,000
City Home,
6,806.79
1907
74,000
City Home,
7,001.23
1908
75,500
Miscellaneous, $17,955.34 6,875.56
24,830.90
City Home,
Miseellaneous, $16,843.17
1909
.
.
75,500
City Home, 7,562.83
24,406.00
1910
.
*77,236
Miscellaneous, $16,110.42 City Home, 7,695.89
23,806.31
*Census.
Miscellaneous, $29,171.15
35,793.58
5 Miscellaneous, $28,667.04
36,063.68
Miscellaneous, $30,470.20
38,018.59
5 Miscellaneous, $17,527.88
25,002.24
5
Miscellaneous, $18,237.53
25,044.32
Miscellaneous, $17,852.20
24,853.43
Table No. 6. EXPENDITURES, IN DETAIL, FOR THE YEAR 1910.
1910.
Medicine.
Board.
Groceries.
Somerville Poor in Other Cities and Towns.
Boots and Shoes.
Dry Goods.
Burials.
Salaries.
Fuel.
Sundries.
Cash Paid Out.
Telephone.
Stationery and Printing.
Somerville Hospital.
State Infirmary.
Nursing.
Mass. Hospital School.
Total.
January . .
$16.83
$47.65
$520.25
$632.67
$5.50
$40.00
$316.66
$112.36
$6.00
$16.20
$9.96
$3.60
$15.72
$1,743.40
February
19.45
44.00
410.00
121.35
30.00
316.66
68.00
8.00
11.30
10.16
8.50
$45.66
1,093.08
March .
22.00
47.65
352.00
123.25
.
44.79
6.75
10.00
316.66
3.40
6.00
7.85
10.16
2.00
21.85
1,478.35
May
11.57
47.65
391.00
220.75
10.00
316.66
6.00
17.50
10.16
2.00
133.33
142.92
31.00
1,340.54
June .
7.50
49.87
260.50
63.00
25.00
316.66
3.25
17.01
10.26
133.33
22.25
908.63
July
21.86
54.29
382.50
369.45
6.00
60.00
316.66
13.75
10.16
13.75
133.33
.
$2.00
40.00
325.99
9.15
14.66
20.85
133.33
89.15
56.30
1,459.78
September
57.16
282.50
224.61
350.66
6.60
6.99
133.33
10.00
1,071.85
October
16.40
100.98
305.00
200.68
351.33
2.00
34.14
18.43
5.00
133.33
.
6.40
1,119.24
December .
52.08
160.50
711.17
2.00
42.00
352.74
63.59
.75
4.85
. . .
. .
516.09
10.85
49.25
313.72
2,279.59
Totals . .
$195.39
$661.36
$4,195.25
$3,050.93
$21.75
$4.00
$292.00
$3,920.67
$469.80
$36.70
$162.36
$121.61
$92.10
$1,982.72
$294.98
$221.37
$387.43
$16,110.42
. .
316.66
88.48
17.91
10.26
15.00
$73.71
1,066.92
April . .
40.13
46.44
429.00
.
.
. . .
1,167.29
November .
5.30
59.30
349.00
16.00
35.00
323.33
133.97
4.70
6.10
10.41
36.40
133.33
·
. ..
54.29
353.00
323.21
3.50
1,381.75
August
34.35
.
. .
$533.32
303
SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.
Overseers of the Poor of Somerville. SINCE THE REORGANIZATION IN 1885.
tHon. Mark F. Burns, chairman ex-officio .
1885
1888 inclusive
fColonel Herbert E. Hill .
1885
1889
6
Charles S. Lincoln, Esq., chairman
1885
1887
Hon. Edward Glines .
1885
1887
tCharles G. Brett (president 1888-1892)
1885 April 1893
Edward B. West (president May, 1894, to date)
1888
to date*
*Daniel C. Stillson
1888 April 1892
fHon. Charles G. Pope, chairman ex-officio .
1889
1891
Nathan H. Reed (president 1893 to April, 1894)
1890 April 1894
İHon. William H. Hodgkins, chairman ex- officio
1892
1895
James G. Hinckley
. May 1892
1894
Albert W. Edmands
. May 1893
to
date*
Herbert E. Merrill
May 1894
1909
+Ezra D. Souther
1895
Feb. 1898
(Died)
Hon. Albion A. Perry, chairman ex-officio .
1896
1898
inclusive
James H. Butler
March
1898
1899
Hon. George O. Proctor, chairman ex-officio,
1899 ·
Henry F. Curtis, M. D. .
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