USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1911 > Part 22
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District No. 3 .- Bennett, Pope, Cummings, and Proctor schools. Inspector, Dr. L. H. Raymond, 144 Highland avenue. District No. 4 .- Morse, Carr, Durell, and Burns schools. Inspector, Dr. W. L. Bond, 322 Highland avenue.
District No. 5 .- Brown, Bingham, and Forster schools. In- spector, Dr. H. M. Stoodley, 383 Highland avenue.
District No. 6 .- Lincoln, Hodgkins, Highland, and Lowe schools. Inspector, Dr. H. Cholerton, 94 College avenue.
District No. 7 .- Glines and High schools. Inspector, Dr. R. F. Gibson, 76 College avenue.
Parochial Schools .- Inspector, Dr. M. W. White. 42 Bow street.
.
·
23
286
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Hospital for Contagious Diseases.
Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria .- The hospital has continued to demonstrate its value to the city during the past year. The institution is now well equipped and in every way modern and convenient.
Miss Edith M. Grant has continued as matron, and has done excellent work. The hospital has been carried on economically, and in every particular the results have been satisfactory to the board.
The statistical report is included in the report of the medi- cal inspector.
Tuberculosis Hospital.
The tuberculosis hospital has been in operation since March 8 of the year 1911, and has proved conclusively the necessity and desirability of such an institution in our city.
There have been eighty-five patients received at the hos- pital.
The conditions shown and the results obtained in the cases received prove, also, the need of continued work along this line on a broader basis. Recent figures show that there are ap- proximately 40,000 cases of tuberculosis in Massachusetts, and that there are accommodations for not more than 4,000 patients. The state is making every effort to save its people, and each" city and town should feel itself, in a manner, responsible for the progress of this work. It is to the credit of the city of Somer- ville that we are among the first who have established a hospital for tuberculosis, and that our hospital has been approved by the trustees of hospitals for tuberculosis.
The good work accomplished and the outlook for the com- ing year promise even greater results in the future, both from the standpoint of the work actually done, and the help rendered to the patients, and, last, but by no means least, the information and instruction, which is a great factor in the treatment of this disease, is being steadily pursued and given out, that those who are discharged from the hospital may know how to safeguard and care for others as well as themselves,and prevent, so far as is possible, the spread of tuberculosis in the city.
Indeed, the matter of the enlargement of the tuberculosis hospital will have to be considered in the near future, so great has the necessity become to admit more patients than can at present be accommodated.
Bacteriological Department.
The work of this department was performed by Frank L. Morse, M. D., medical inspector of the board, whose report is appended to this report.
Specimens will be received at the laboratory at the city hall
-
287
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
daily, including Sunday, at any time, and they will be examined and reported upon the morning following their reception.
SPECIMENS AND ANTI-TOXIN.
Outfits for specimens for tuberculosis, diphtheria, and typhoid fever, and diphtheria anti-toxin and vaccine lymph may be obtained at the laboratory and at the following places :-
Adams Pharmacy, Willow and Highland avenues.
Claude Curtis, 154 Perkins street.
Bay State Pharmacy, 173 Washington street.
Edward E. Edwards, 25 Union square.
Fred W. Gay, 524 Somerville avenue.
John Morrison, Highland avenue, corner Cedar street.
Percy A. Hall, 2 Studio building, Davis square.
Henry W. Perry, 529 Medford street, Magoun square.
Eugene B. Carpenter, 10 Broadway.
Richardson Pharmacy, 310 Broadway.
George E. Wardrobe, 693 Broadway.
Willis S. Furbush & Co., 1153 Broadway.
After the specimen is collected, it must be taken to the cul- ture station or sent directly to the laboratory at the city hall.
Undertakers.
Under the provisions of section 44 of chapter 78 of the revised laws of 1902, twenty-four persons have been duly li- censed as undertakers.
Examiners of Plumbers.
The public statutes provide for a board of examiners of plumbers, consisting of a chairman of the board of health, the inspector of buildings, and an expert at plumbing, to be ap- pointed by the board of health. This board appointed Duncan C. Greene, the inspector of plumbing, to fill the place of expert. The number of licenses granted will be found in the report of the inspector of buildings.
Financial Statement for 1911. HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$6,400 00
Transferred from Excess and Deficiency
2,000 00
Transferred from Interest account 800 00
Receipts :-
Fees received for permits 141 00
Received from other departments
21 50
Received from Jenney Mfg. Co. for bar- rels returned 5 45
Sundry cities and towns and common-
wealth of Massachusetts, for care of diseases · dangerous to public health .
183 25
Total credit
$9,551 20
288
ANNUAL REPORTS.
DEBIT.
Salaries
$3,726 03
Repairing vehicles
50 55
Repairing harnesses
10 95
Horseshoeing
28 00
Books, stationery, printing, and postage
300 96
Bacteriological laboratory
48 28
Board of agent's horse
311 50
Telephones
108 52
Care of diseases dangerous to the public health (settled in Somerville) .
4,926 48
Incidentals
218 50
Total debit .
9,729 77
Amount overdrawn
$178 57
Refuse and Garbage Disposal.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$50,000 00
Transferred from Interest account
18,000 00
Transferred from Overlay and Abatement
1,725 00
Sale of offal
9,505 90
Sale of manure .
50 00
Use of incinerator
483 55
Total credit
$79,764 45
Salary of superintendent .
$1,400 00
Collecting refuse
43,448 28
Collecting garbage
19,382 53
Burying dead animals
98 25
Stable expenses
3,007 95
Four new pungs
300 00
One new dump cart .
250 00
Repairing wagons
538 76
Tools and repairing the same
128 86
Harnesses and repairing the same
691 75
Five new horses
1,490 00
Horse doctoring
217 50
Board of superintendent's horse
289 11
Horseshoeing
879 39
Hay and grain
6,754 93
Incidentals
251 06
Total debit .
$79,128 37
Amount unexpended
$636 08
Inspection of Animals and Provisions.
CREDIT.
Appropriation .
$1,225 00
DEBIT.
Salary of inspector of animals and pro-
visions
$1,200 00
Sundry expenses
34 03
Total debit .
$1,234 03
Amount overdrawn
$9 03
DEBIT.
289
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Inspection of Milk and Vinegar.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$1,000 00
License fees
287 50
Analytical work
264 00
Total credit
$1,551 50
DEBIT.
Salary of inspector of milk and vinegar
$1,200 00
Office expenses .
150 69
Maintenance of inspector's auto
137 30
Total debit .
$1,487 99
Amount unexpended
$63 51
Inspection of School Children.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
DEBIT.
Salaries of inspectors
$1,500 00
Somerville Journal Co., printing
8 00
Total debit .
$1,508 00
Balance unexpended .
$42 00
Contagious Hospital Account.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$1,000 00
Transferred from Excess and Deficiency
3,000 00
Transferred from Interest account
2,000 00
Transferred from Overlay and Abatement
850 00
Received from sundry persons, cities and towns, and commonwealth of Massa- chusetts
3,751 52
Total credit
$10,601 52
DEBIT.
Salaries of employees
$4,898 59
Supplies
1,111 03
Groceries and provisions
3,784 82
Incidentals
463 83
Total debit
$10,258 27
Amount unexpended
$343 25
Tuberculosis Hospital.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$1,000 00
Transferred from Excess and Deficiency
611 63
Transferred from Interest account.
200 00
Amount carried forward
.
$1,811 63
$1,550 00
290
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amount brought forward .
$1,811 63
Received from sundry persons, cities and
towns, and commonwealth of Massa- chusetts
1,057 21
Total credit
$2,868 84
Salaries of employees
$1,828 42
Supplies
781 69
Incidentals
43 65
Total debit .
$2,653 76
Balance unexpended .
$215 08
RECAPITULATION. Appropriations Unexpended.
Refuse and Garbage Disposal
$636 08
Inspection of Milk and Vinegar
63 51
Inspection of School Children
42 00
Contagious Hospital
343 25
Tuberculosis Hospital
215 08
Total unexpended
$1,299 92
Appropriations Overdrawn.
Health Department .
$178 57
Inspection of Animals and Provisions .
9 03
Total overdrawn
$187 60
Net amount unexpended .
$1,112 32
WESLEY T. LEE, M. D., Chairman, JACKSON CALDWELL, WILLIAM P. FRENCH,
Board of Health.
---
DEBIT.
REPORT OF THE MEDICAL INSPECTOR.
Somerville, January 10, 1912. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present the report of the medical inspector for the year 1911, including the statistics of the con- tagious disease hospital and the bacteriological laboratory.
Scarlet Fever. During the year 109 cases of this disease were reported in the city, a decrease of 225 in number over the previous year. Every case has been inspected, before the house was fumigated, and ninety-two visits were made at resi- dences to determine when desquamation was complete.
Diphtheria. During the year 183 cases of diphtheria have been reported in the city, a decrease from the previous year, when 226 cases were reported. The same restrictions are placed upon all cases, and before patients are released from quarantine two successive negative cultures must be obtained. It is optional with the attending physician to take the first culture, but the second must be taken by the medical inspector, and during the year 205 visits were made at houses for this pur- pose.
Typhoid Fever. During the year forty-three cases of this disease were reported, a decrease of fourteen cases from the previous year.
Tuberculosis. One hundred and fifty-four cases of tuber- culosis were reported during the year, an increase of five over the year previous. In November, 1906, following a conference with the overseers of the poor, these cases, which had been pre- . viously cared for medically by the city physician, were trans- ferred to the board of health and the medical inspector in- structed to care for them. During 1911 such cases have been transferred to the new tuberculosis hospital for treatment.
Contagious Disease Hospital.
In September, 1906, following a change in the city charter, the city physician, who, up to this time, had treated the cases at the hospital, was relieved of this duty, and the care of the pa- tients transferred to the medical inspector on October 1. Dur- ing 1911 this arrangement has continued, 342 visits having been made at the hospital during the year.
Scarlet Fever. During the year forty-two cases of scarlet fever were admitted, two of which proved fatal. Fourteen of these cases were among males, and twenty-eight among females. Nine were under five years of age, seventeen from five to ten years, and the remainder were over ten years. Vomiting was a constant symptom, it occurring in twenty-five cases, and a sore throat in twenty-three cases. In seven cases the rash occurred on the first day of the illness, in nineteen cases on the
292
ANNUAL REPORTS.
second day, and in four instances on the third day. There was membrane present on the tonsils in thirteen cases; in twelve cases the disease was complicated with nephritis ; in six cases with rheumatism, in two cases with discharging ears, in ten with enlarged cervical glands, and in addition four had diph- theria. The average stay in the hospital was thirty-nine days.
Another patient was admitted with scarlet fever, and after admission showed an eruption of varicella, she being promptly isolated. The patient in the next crib, however, had the disease fourteen days later.
Four other patients were attended by their own physicians.
Diphtheria. During the year eighty-six cases of diphtheria were admitted, nine of which proved fatal. Of these patients, thirty-seven were among males and forty-nine among females. Twenty-six were under five years of age; thirty-one were from five to ten, and the remainder were over ten. Two entered the hospital on the first day of their illness, and all recovered. Forty-two entered the second day of the illness, and one died; eighteen on the third day, with one death; ten on the fourth day, with two deaths; four on the fifth day, with two deaths ; one on the sixth day, recovering ; two on the seventh day, with two deaths ; and one on the tenth day, with one death. The im- portance of early treatment with anti-toxin is thus very obvious. Of the laryngeal cases seven came to intubation, four of whom recovered. In twenty-seven patients the membrane extended over both tonsils, uvula and palate, three of whom died from systemic infection involving both the heart and kidneys. The throat was clear of membrane in eleven cases on the second day, in eighteen cases on the third, in eleven cases on the fourth, in four cases on the fifth, in seven on the sixth, in four on the sev- enth, in one on the eighth, in two on the ninth, one on the tenth, and one on the eleventh. In forty-nine patients eruptions appeared on the body due to the use of the anti-toxin, and in three patients joint pains occurred from the same cause. The average stay in the hospital was nineteen days. Of the nine deaths during the year, three died within twenty-four hours of admission and were hopeless at that time, and were complicated with cardiac paralysis. One case was complicated with measles two days after admission and died. Three cases of varicella were discovered when the patients were admitted, and two cases of scarlet fever developed among patients. Two cases were attended by their own physicians.
Tuberculosis.
In March the tuberculosis hospital, accommodating eighteen patients, was completed by the building commissioner and transferred to the board, the first patient being admitted March 8. During the remainder of the year eighty-five patients ill with this disease have been admitted, and twice dur-
293
ing this period the hospital has reached its normal capacity, which indicates its well-founded need.
Twenty-one deaths disease, thus removing from the patients' homes the danger of infection of the members of the family. have been recorded.
The need of this department will be more
Eleven other patients have been admitted during the year
as follows : Four cases of measles, one of whooping cough, one of erysipelas, one of varicella, one of pneumonia, one of head cold, one of appendicitis accompanied by measles, and one 'of smallpox, the two latter proving fatal.
Patients Treated at the Contagious Hospital.
Admission by Months.
Remaining
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
· December.
Remaining
-
Scarlet fever .
4
9
5
5
3
LA
2
.
7
2
6
2
42
37
2
7
Diphtheria
or
10
10
7
11
9
9
2
4
2
10
00
4
86
77
00
cr
Tuberculosis .
·
Totals
cc
16
15
26
16
26
21
9
11
17
19
21
16
213
164
32
26
Total admitted.
Discharged.
Died.
January 1, 1912.
14
14
2
13
10
7
-1
00
7
7
10
85
50
21
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Many of these patients were in the advanced stage of the
rested, and others have been transferred to the state hospitals Other patients have been discharged with the disease ar-
for treatment.
marked during the coming year, and recommendations should be made to provide for its enlargement.
DISEASE.
January 1, 1911.
294
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Bacteriological Department.
During the year 1911 887 examinations were made of cul- tures for the diphtheria organism, 212 examinations made of sputum from patients suspected of having tuberculosis, and 100 examinations to detect the Widal reaction in typhoid fever.
Diphtheria. Eight hundred and eighty-seven cultures have been examined for diphtheria, 458 being in males, and 429 in females. Diphtheria being a disease of children, 367 of these examinations have been made in children under five years of age, 198 in those from five to ten years of age, 157 from ten to twenty, and 162 in adults over twenty years. In three cases the age of the patient was not stated. Three hundred and seventy-two examinations were made for the diagnosis of the case, fifty-three proving positive and 319 negative. Of the positive results, twenty-four were of cases in which the attend- ing physician's diagnosis of diphtheria was confirmed, ten in which the clinical diagnosis was not diphtheria, and nineteen in which no definite diagnosis was made. Of the 319 negative examinations, thirty were obtained in which the clinical diag- nosis was diphtheria, 116 in which the diagnosis was not diph- theria, and 172 in which no diagnosis had been made.
Five hundred and fifteen cultures were taken for release of patients from quarantine, 124 of which were positive and 391 negative. The importance of taking release cultures is demon- strated by these figures, these patients showing the presence of the bacilli in the throat after the clinical evidence of the disease had disappeared. In one examination there was no growth upon the serum tube.
Tuberculosis. Two hundred and twelve examinations have been made of sputum suspected of containing the tubercle bacillus, fifty of which were positive and 162 negative. In seventy-seven cases a definite diagnosis of this disease had been made by the attending physician, but in forty-five of them the organism could not be detected. In the remainder of the cases, sixty-five were stated as not showing evidence of the disease, seven being positive, and in seventy cases no state- ments were made giving information as to its character, four- teen of which were positive. Ninety-three were males and 119 females. Although printed directions accompany each outfit, telling how the specimen should be obtained, it has not been unusual for specimens to be sent to the laboratory containing only saliva from the mouth, with no excretion from the lungs or bronchial tubes. Physicians should be urged to give defi- nite instructions to each patient, relating to the collection of the sputum, for in some instances a negative report would mis- lead both physician and patient. Consumption to-day is rec- ognized as an infectious disease, and all persons afflicted with it should be instructed in the modern methods for preventing its
Ż95
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
spread. In some cases this is not done by the attending physi- cian, and during the past eight years your board has required that this disease be reported to you, as other infectious diseases are, and that printed instructions and advice be sent to each patient ill with the disease. The decrease in the death rate of consumption, and the cure of persons afflicted with it, is due to the improved and intelligent manner with which cases are treated, and the prevention of further spread of the disease is a subject which is of importance to all local boards of health.
Typhoid Fever. One hundred examinations of the blood of patients suspected of having typhoid fever have been made, twenty-nine of which proved positive. In thirty-four cases a positive diagnosis of this disease had been made by the attend- ing physician, in seven cases it was stated not to be typhoid fever, and in the remainder no statement was made relating to the diagnosis. Of the negative results, ten were diagnosed as typhoid, seven were said not to be typhoid, and in fifty-four no diagnosis was made. Fifty-eight were males and forty-two females.
Summary for Nine Years, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911. Diphtheria Cultures.
No. Examined.
Males
Females
0-5
5-10
10-20
Over 20
Age not No Stated growth
1903
817
387
430
282
199
125
185
26
5
1904
1,429
629
800
537
400
231
261
34
29
1905
792
346
446
204
260
139
170
19
4
1906
968
407
561
282
370
158
152
6
6
1907
971
423
548
224
346
185
210
6
3
1908
1,293
542
751
278
421
238
150
6
3
1909
1,537
694
843
375
657
206
284
15
9
1910
1,062
448
614
341
247
235
222
17
6
1911
887
459
429
367
198
157
162
3
1
For Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis Diph. Clin. Diag. not Diph. Clin; Diag. not stated
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative Positive
Negative
1903
360
56
35
11
122
27
109
1904
406
72
37
11
96
59
131
1905
263
15
23
10
76
36
103
1906
419
55
60
14
130
47
107
1907
462
45
34
10
104
52
217
1908
524
57
48
14
96
92
217
1909
637
54
28
18
121
117
299
1910
540
24
31
14
144
52
275
1911
372
24
30
10
116
19
172
For Release
Positive
Negative
1903
95
362
1904
233
761
1905
139
386
1906
85
464
1907
98
408
1908
136
630
1909
165
726
1910
75
447
1911
124
391
296
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Sputum for Tuberculosis.
No. Examined
Males
Females
Positive
Negative
Clin. Diag. Tuberculosis Positive Negative
1903
137
66
71
26
111
15
21
1904
124
54
70
28
96
14
29
1905
162
69
93
22
140
11
38
1906
175
95
80
9
166
7
44
1907
227
100
127
7
220
4
79
1908
173
84
89
14
159
9
59
1909
192
100
92
14
178
10
69
1910
185
88
97
36
149
18
46
191
212
93
119
50
162
32
45
Clinical Diagnosis not Tuberculosis Positive
Clinical Diagnosis not stated
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
9
61
2
29
1904
11
43
3
24
1905
5
59
6
43
1906
1
85
1
37
1907
2
84
1
57
1908
3
63
2
43
1909
3
65
1
44
1910
12
73
6
30
1911
7
58
14
56
Blood for Typhoid Fever.
Clin. Diag. Typhoid Fever
No. Examined Males
Females®
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
72
39
33
27
45
18
7
1904
76
53
23
32
44
18
4
1905
78
45
33
26
50
11
1
1906
94
57
37
24
70
14
15
1907
110
58
52
45
65
25
10
1908
110
59
51
31
79
20
14
1909
150
89
61
52
98
33
24
1910
120
65
55
24
96
18
18
1911
100
58
42
29
71
24
10
Clin. Diag. not Typhoid Fever Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
2
6
7
32
1904
0
6
14
34
1905
1
5
14
44
1906
0
8
10
47
1907
0
3
20
52
1908
0
6
11
59
1909
0
5
19
69
1910
0
5
6
73
1911
0
7
5
54
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK L. MORSE,
Medical Inspector.
)
1
Clin. Diag. not stated
-
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, CITY HALL, Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1912. NA
To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith submit the report of the inspector of animals and provisions for the year 1911. The following is a statement of the number of animals killed during the year at the five slaughtering establishments in the city :-
Swine, 1,147,894; sheep, 423,535; calves, 64,268; cattle, 25,753.
The work of all these establishments, being under the in- spection of the United States government, requires only the inspection of the premises by the local inspector, who reports very favorably on the same. Somerville is one of the largest quarantine stations for the export of animals in the United States, the number exported last year being: Cattle, 24,032; sheep, 6,180.
The total number of neat cattle kept in the city is 212; swine, 142; cows, sixty-seven; and goats, three, all of which have been inspected by me during the year. Under Chapter 381 of the Acts of 1911, all stables where neat cattle are kept have been visited several times this year, and all are now in good sanitary condition. All dairy rooms have also been visited with Mr. Bowman, the milk inspector, and all doors and windows have been screened, the premises cleaned and white- washed, and the ventilation improved. All of the factories, workshops, and laundries have been visited several times dur- ing the year, first-aid medicine chests installed, and proper sanitary conditions insisted upon in cases where needed. £ A11 stables have been visited and the owners required to disinfect and otherwise clean them as needed. There have been 2,978 horses examined in stables to determine the existence of con- tagious diseases. Forty-seven were quarantined, and of this number forty-one were killed and six released.
All of the blacksmith shops of the city have been disin- fected to prevent the prevalence of contagious diseases. Four hundred and fifty-six visits have been made to the ninety-eight barber shops and 592 visits to the ninety bakeries in the city, all of which will now be found in good condition.
There have been 2,961 visits made to stores and markets, and 1,069 pedlers' carts have been inspected from which fish, provisions, and produce were sold. The following articles have been condemned and destroyed :-
1
298
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Meats.
Fresh beef, 1,834 pounds; corned beef, 2,425 pounds; poultry, 3,577 pounds; mutton, 995 pounds; liver, 184 pounds; pork, 578 pounds; swine, whole, 23; sausage, 124 pounds; pigs' feet, 174 pounds; tripe, 325 pounds; veal, 111 pounds; lard, 40 pounds.
Fish.
Clams, 41/2 gallons; haddock, 783 pounds; halibut, 430 pounds; her- ring, whole, 368; mackerel, whole, 50; oysters, 71/2 gallons; lobsters, 22 pounds; pollock, 248 pounds; salmon, 48 pounds.
Fruit and Vegetables.
Apples, 12 bushels; asparagus, 374 bunches; bananas, 73 dozen; blueberries, 32 quarts; green beans, 14 baskets; beets, 31/2 bushels; cab- bage, 11/2 barrels; cantaloupes, 70 crates; carrots, 21/2 bushels; celery, 93 bunches; currants, 20 pounds; dates, 10 pounds; grapes, 12 pounds; grape fruit, 4 crates; greens, 60 bushels; lemons, 1 box; lettuce, 3 boxes; onions, 61/2 bushels; oranges, 12 boxes; parsnips, 1 bushel; green peas, 3 bushels; white potatoes, 31 bushels; rhubarb, 585 pounds; sweet potatoes, 3 barrels; raisins, 25 pounds; radishes, 2 bushels; squash, 771 pounds; strawberries, 14 crates; tomatoes, 37 crates; tur- nips, 54 bushels.
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