USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1916 > Part 17
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12.43
Table Showing the Five Principal Causes of Death in Somerville in 1916.
PNEUMONIA.
TUBERCULOSIS. ALL FORMS.
HEART DISEASE.
CANCER.
ARTERIO SCLEROSIS.
Number of Deaths.
Number per
10,000 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
10,050 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
10,000 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
Number of
Deaths .
Number per
161
17.9
108
12.0
107
11.9
87
9.6
87
9.6
10,000 of Pop.
10,000 of Pop.
Medical Inspection of Schools.
The medical inspection of the schools of Somerville, which was instituted in December, 1907, has been continued during the year. The value of the system has been con- stantly demonstrated, and the work has been done in a very satisfactory manner. There has been harmony of action be- tween the board of health and the school board, and the school principals and teachers have very generally co-operated with the inspectors in making the system as successful as possible.
The inspectors make daily visits to the schools under their charge, and to them are referred all children who show evi- dences of disease or abnormal conditions. Children who are found to be unfit to remain in school are sent home, accom- panied by a slip properly filled out advising that the family physician be consulted. The inspectors also make an annual inspection of all the children in the schools, and any defects discovered are called to the attention of the parents. Monthly inspections of the school buildings and premises are made, and suggestions or criticisms are referred to the proper authori- ties. Every effort is made to protect the health of the chil-
237
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
dren and to co-operate with the parents in keeping the chil- dren in as normal a condition as possible.
It is extremely desirable that one or more additional school nurses should be employed to supplement and make more effective the work of the inspectors, and it is to be hoped that funds will be available to carry out this project. One nurse has been employed since September, 1913.
In accordance with the provisions of the statute, tests of sight and hearing are made by the principals or teachers.
During the year, 8,068 children have been referred to the inspectors during their daily visits, and 465 have been sent home because of illness.
The following list will show the classes of diseases and defects which have been found in the schools, except defects of sight and hearing :-
List of Diseases and Number of Cases Reported.
1. Infectious diseases :-
Measles
· 14
Whooping cough
42
Chicken pox
31
Mumps
137
Scarlet fever
2
Total
226
2. Diseases of the nose and throat :-
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids .
499
Inflammatory diseases
260
Other abnormal conditions
18
Total
777
3. Diseases of the eyes :-
Inflammatory conditions of the eyes and lids
33
Foreign bodies and injuries
3
Other abnormal conditions
54
Total
90
4. Diseases of the ears :---
Inflammatory conditions
16
Other abnormal conditions
24
Total
40
5. Diseases of the skin :-
Pediculosis
534
Impetigo
71
Scabies
17
Eczema
56
Tinea .
2
Herpes
23
Miscellaneous conditions
164
Total
9 867
.
238
ANNUAL REPORTS.
6. Miscellaneous diseases :---
Constitutional diseases
97
Diseases of the digestive system
32
Diseases of the respiratory system
191
Diseases of the circulatory system
5
Diseases of the lymphatic system
2
Diseases of the nervous system
25
Diseases of the urinary system
5
Wounds and injuries . ·
18
Diseases of teeth
137
Other conditions
873
Total
1,385
Total number of diseases reported . 3,385
Vaccinations performed
141
Examinations for vaccinations
1,100
The districts and inspectors are as follows :-
District No. I .- Prescott, Hanscom, Davis, Edgerly and Boys' Vocational schools. Inspector, Dr. Francis Shaw, 57 Cross street.
District No. 2 .- Baxter, Knapp, Perry and Bell schools. Inspector, Dr. Edward J. Dailey, 46 Bow street.
District No. 3 .-- Bennett, Pope, Cummings, and Proctor schools. Inspector, Dr. L. H. Raymond, 146 Highland avenue.
District No. 4 .- Morse, Carr, Durell, Burns and Girls' Vocational schools. Inspector, Dr. W. L. Bond, 322 Highland avenue.
District No. 5 .- Brown, Bingham, and Forster schools. Inspector, Dr. H. M. Stoodley, 283 Highland avenue.
District No. 6 .- Lincoln, Hodgkins, Highland, Cutler, and Lowe schools. Inspector, Dr. H. Cholerton, 94 College ave- nue.
District No. 7 .- Glines and High schools. Inspector, Dr. Edgar F. Sewall, 281 Broadway.
Parochial Schools .- Inspector, Dr. M. W. White, 21 Wal- nut street.
Bacteriological Department.
The work of this department was performed by Frank L. Morse, M. D., medical inspector of the board, whose report is appended to this report.
Specimens will be received at the laboratory at the city hall annex daily, including Sunday, at any time, and they will be examined and reported upon the morning following their reception.
Specimens and Anti-toxin.
Outfits for specimens to be examined for tuberculosis, diphtheria, and typhoid fever, and diphtheria anti-toxin, vac-
239
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
cine lymph and nitrate of silver solution may be obtained at the laboratory and at the following places :-
Edward Edwards, 25 Union square.
Willis S. Furbush & Co., 1153 Broadway.
Hall Drug Co., Hobbs building, Davis square.
Ernest B. McClure, 529 Medford street. John Morrison, 288 Highland avenue.
Richardson Pharmacy, 310 Broadway.
George E. Wardrobe, 693 Broadway.
After the specimen is collected, it must be taken to the culture station or sent directly to the laboratory at the city hall annex.
Undertakers.
Under the provisions of Section 44 of Chapter 78 of the Revised Laws of 1902, twenty-one persons have been duly li- censed as undertakers.
Examination of Plumbers.
The public statutes provide for a board of examiners of plumbers, consisting of a chairman of the board of health, the inspector of buildings, and an expert at plumbing, to be appointed by the board of health. This board appointed Dun- can C. Greene, the inspector of plumbing, to fill the place of expert. The number of licenses granted will be found in the report of the inspector of buildings.
Agent of Board.
On October 21, 1916, Mr. Caleb A. Page, after twenty- eight years of service, severed his connection with this board by resignation. This board desires to express its sincere ap- preciation of his faithful, conscientious and valuable service rendered to the city. Major George I. Canfield was appointed his successor and assumed his duties October 23, 1916.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR 1916. Health Department.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$11,350 00
Transferred from Contagious Hospital .
447 21
Total credit
$11,797 21
DEBIT.
Salaries
$5,454 27
Books, printing, etc.
254 01
Telephones
193 35
Care of tuberculosis in other hospitals
3,553 40
Care of other diseases
1,106 21
Maintenance of vehicles
888 31
Other expenses
347 66
Total debit .
$11,797 21
240
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Contagious Hospital.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
·
$20,575 00
Received from Poor Department
130 72
Received from refunds
93
$20,706 65
Amounts transferred :--
Health Department
$447 21
Sanitary Department
200 00
Support of Poor, miscellaneous .
1,727 91
2,375 12
Net credit
$18,331 53
DEBIT.
Salaries and wages
$8,845 84
Groceries and provisions
7,148 52
General supplies .
1,458 10
Other expenses
367 87
Total debit
17,820 33
Balance unexpended
$511 20
Inspection of Animals and Provisions.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$1,350 00
Salary .
$1,300 00
Expenses
26 38
Total debit
$1,326 38
Balance unexpended .
$23 62
Inspection of Milk and Vinegar.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
.
$3,125 00
Transferred to inspection of school children . 2 65
Net credit
DEBIT.
Salaries
$2,222 86
Maintenance of laboratory
254 55
Maintenance of automobile
475 86
Telephone
29 91
Printing, stationery and postage
92 20
Other expenses .
45 46
Total debit .
$3,120 84
Balance unexpended .
$1 51
·
DEBIT.
.
$3,122 35
241
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Inspection of School Children.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
·
$2,430 00
Transferred from inspection of milk and vinegar
2 65
Total credit .
$2,432 65
DEBIT.
Salaries
$2,380 00
Other expenses
52 65
Total debit .
$2,432 65
JACKSON CALDWELL, Chairman, RALPH F. HODGDON, M. D., R. M. LAVENDER,
Board of Health.
Attest :
LAURENCE S. HOWARD, Clerk.
REPORT OF THE MEDICAL INSPECTOR.
·
Somerville, January 1, 1917. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present the report of the medical inspector for the year 1916, including the statistics of the con- tagious disease hospital and the bacteriological laboratory.
Scarlet Fever. During the year 119 cases of this disease were reported in the city, a decrease of 194 in number from the previous year. Each case has been inspected before re- lease from quarantine and 100 visits were made at residences to determine when desquamation was complete.
Diphtheria. During the year 159 cases of diphtheria were reported in the city, a decrease of 78 in number from the previous year. Before patients are released from quarantine two sucessive negative cultures must be obtained, and during the year 152 visits were made at houses for this purpose.
Typhoid Fever. During the year sixteen cases of this disease were reported, a decrease of fifteen cases from the previous year.
Tuberculosis. During the year 166 cases of this disease were reported, an increase of twenty-five cases over the pre- vious year.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum. During the year forty cases of this disease were reported, a decrease of three cases from the previous year. An investigation was made of all these pa- tients.
Infantile Paralysis. During the year there were forty- eight cases of this disease with nine deaths. All of these cases were quarantined under the same restrictions as scarlet fever or diphtheria, but there is no evidence to show that these measures in any way prevented the spread of the disease.
Contagious Disease Hospital.
During the year 373 visits were made at the hospital. Scarlet Fever. During the year forty-nine cases were ad- mitted, two of which proved fatal. The average stay in the hospital was thirty-five days.
Diphtheria. During the year 115 cases were admitted, eighteen of which proved fatal. The average stay in the hos- pital was sixteen days.
Tuberculosis. During the year seventy-six cases were ad- mitted, thirty-one of which proved fatal. The average stay in the hospital was seventy-five days,
243
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Other Diseases. Two cases of measles were admitted, six cases of erysipelas, one of tooth abscess, and nine cases of in- fantile paralysis, four of which were fatal.
The daily average of patients was 10.57 in the contagious department and 15.76 in the tuberculosis department, a total of 26.33.
Bacteriological Department.
During the year 815 examinations were made of diph- theria cultures, 260 examinations of sputum, and eighty-one examinations of blood for typhoid fever.
Respectfully submitted, FRANK L. MORSE, Medical Inspector.
1
1
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.
Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1917.
To the Board of Health, Somerville, Mass. :-
Gentlemen,-Following is the report of the inspector of animals and provisions, including tables showing the amount of work accomplished.
Articles Condemned.
Meats.
Hamburg steak, 121 pounds; tripe, 33 pounds; liver, 142 pounds ; pigs' feet, 1 keg; common sausage, 65 pounds ; fresh pork, 116 pounds ; poultry, 369 pounds ; veal. 274 pounds ; lamb, 292 pounds ; corned beef, 267 pounds ; fresh beef, 412 pounds; whole swine, 16.
One man fined thirty dollars for selling meat unfit for food.
Fish.
Salt fish, 17 pounds ; haddock, 219 pounds; halibut, 143 pounds ; pollock, 87 pounds; salmon, 51 pounds; fresh herring, 212 pounds ; (whole) fresh mackerel, 182; clams in shell, 11/2 bushel; clams, 37 quarts ; oysters, 5 gallons.
Fruit.
Plums, 19 baskets; oranges, 11 boxes; lemons, 21/2 boxes ; straw- berries, 393 quarts; blackberries, 45 quarts; raspberries, 184 cups; grape fruit, 6 boxes; grapes, 41 baskets; bananas, 134 dozen; canta- loupe melons, 11 crates; peaches, 47 baskets; apples, 16 bushels ; pears, 9 bushels.
Vegetables.
Cauliflower, 51 heads; rhubarb, 11 boxes; yellow turnips, 5 bar- rels; asparagus, 33 bunches; squash, 9 barrels; sweet potatoes, 5 baskets; common potatoes, 29 bushels ; greens, 19 bushels; lettuce, 17 dozen ; green corn, 7 bushels; cucumbers, 2 bushels; cabbage, 31/2 barrels; onions, 4 barrels; tomatoes, 14 baskets; green beans, 6 bushels.
Groceries.
Macaroni, 267 boxes; flour, 1,900 pounds; salt, 300 pounds.
Eggs.
Eggs, 81 dozen.
Inspected for 1916.
The following table shows the number of inspections made on slaughter houses, markets, grocery stores and street pedlers, over which there is a constant supervision to safe- guard the consumer.
Retail pedlers and hawkers
1,853
Retail fish markets
867
Retail markets and stores
4,924
Wholesale market and packing
.
187
Slaughter House Inspection.
During the year weekly inspections have been made at all slaughtering establishments. Inspections have also been made of all animals for infectious disease. The slaughtering
245
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
houses have been enlarged, stock yards have been improved, new quarters for the help have been provided and the slaught- ering business in this city has increased thirty-three per cent. Somerville is one of the largest slaughtering centres in the United States.
Cattle
29,565
Sheep
.
285,840
Calves
91,818
Swine
·
.
1,245,131
Animals.
There has been a steady decrease of glanders in this city for the past three years, and I believe it is due in part to dis- continuance of public drinking fountains for horses, and a thorough disinfection of stables and blacksmith shops. Each stable and shop is now in first class sanitary condition. In 1913 there were sixty odd horses killed for glanders; 1914, only thirty odd; 1915, ten odd, and 1916, thirteen killed, but eight were in one stable-in all making a large decrease in the disease.
Inspected. Quarantined. Killed.
Horses (glanders)
3,461
22
13
Released. 9
Cows .
17
Goats
.
14
Swine (hog cholera) ·
221
Dogs (rabies)
11
4
4
Total
3,724
26
13
13
There have been many more lunch carts, restaurants and bakeries doing business in the city and each has been in- spected weekly.
Barber shops are required to be kept in a sanitary con- dition all the time and to properly sterilize their utensils, also that the barbers are in first class shape.
Factories.
The conditions in ice cream and candy . factories are greatly improved-all factories in the city have had monthly inspection.
As agent of the board of health, I have been on duty nights and Sundays most of the time to convey patients to the Contagious Hospital, by ambulance.
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES M. BERRY,
Inspector.
1
1,652,354
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR.
LABORATORY OF INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR. City Hall Annex, Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1917. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present my annual report for the year ending December 31, 1916.
On the above date there were in this city licensed to sell milk, four hundred ninety-six stores and sixty-nine pedlers, and twenty-six stores to sell oleomargarine.
Of the sixty-nine pedlers thirty-seven are located in this city and thirty-two in the neighboring cities and towns.
There are approximately 6,000 gallons of milk distributed in Somerville daily, and thirty-two dealers selling pasteurized milk supply over eighty per cent. of this amount.
Table 1.
Months.
Licenses
Issued.
License
Fees.
Analytical
Fees.
Cash paid
City Treas.
Analyses
on Account.
Total
Dept.
January
12
$6.00
$2.00
$8.00
$18.50
$26.50
February .
9
4.50
1.50
6.00
43.00
49.00
March
17
8.50
8.50
18.50
27.00
April
63
31.50
13.50
45.00
41.50
86.50
May
397
198.50
2.50
201.00
23.50
224.50
June
35
17.50
2.50
20.00
36.50
56.50
July .
20
10.00
. ...
10.00
19.00
29.00
August
8
4.00
...
4.00
60.50
64.50
September
8
4.00
8.50
12.50
12.00
24.50
October
9
4.50
2.00
6.50
16.50
23.00
November
8
4.00
3.00
7.00
10.00
17.00
December.
5
2.50
1.00
3.50
19.00
22.50
Total
591
$295.50
$36.50'
$332.00
$318.50
*$650.50
Income for
·
*In addition to above fines imposed amounted to $515.00 and two cases continued for sentence.
247
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Table 2. Samples of Milk, Cream, Ice Cream and Vinegar Examined.
Months.
Chemical
Samples
Collected.
Bact.
Collections.
Lorenz
Tests.
Total
Collections.
Samples left at
Office.
Total
Examina-
tions.
January
198
98
17
313
35
348
February
148
88
8
244
82
326
March
162
64
16
242
35
277
April
166
80
27
273
73
346
May .
243
40
84
367
45
412
June .
127
70
111
308
57
365
July .
197
87
22
306
22
328
August
272
103
25
400
103
503
September
186
120
306
34
340
October
197
80
150
4:27
25
452
November
189
112
178
479
26
505
December
215
88
84
387
35
422
Total
2,300
1,030
722
4,052
572
4,624
Table 3.
Months.
Chem.
Notices.
Bact.
Notices.
Sanitary
Notices.
Total
Notices.
Inspections.
Infected
Samples.
January
.
·
5
13
15
33
60
0
February .
5
15
6
26
42
0
March
4
1
12
17
35
0
April
32
16
24
72
40
0
May .
46
12
47
105
155
0
June .
19
14
29
62
76
0
July .
32
26
8
66
43
0
August
37
31
9
77
141
0
September
17
29
11
57
118
0
October
8
6
32
46
22
0
November
12
7
89
108
83
0
December
10
2
8
20
40
0
Total
22
172
290
689
855
0
City Inspection.
The department work in the city proper covers the su- pervision of milk at the receiving stations, the taking of temperatures, examination of utensils and wagons, examina- tion of milk from dairies for visible dirt and bacteriogical
248
ANNUAL REPORTS.
standard, inspection of milk plants and stores and the taking of samples of milk at railroad stations, teams, stores, lunch rooms and hotels.
Laboratory work consists of the analysis of milk, cream, butter, ice cream and vinegar, chemically and bacteriologi- cally, with the exception of butter and vinegar (which are not examined for bacteria).
Milk dealers are urged to see that the bottles distributed by them are free from particles of dirt which settle to the bottom of the bottle, and consumers are requested to notify this department when any such conditions are noticed. The following cuts show the condition of a cotton disc after a pint of milk has been strained through it.
249
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
It is needless to elaborate further as these cottons tell their own story. Dealers are further urged to see that their producers ship only clean milk to them.
During this year the Boston and Maine Railroad has built at the East Somerville yards a receiving station for the milk cars coming to Greater Boston. These cars are known as the open cars, that is, cars in which any producer may ship milk. This was done to comply with the ruling of the Inter- state Commerce Commission.
Somerville is now the largest receiving centre for milk in New England, about forty cars arriving daily, bringing in 312,375 quarts of milk to forty (40) dealers.
There were twenty-seven court cases during 1916.
Prosecutions in court were as follows :-
Twenty-three for milk below standard.
One for tasting milk contrary to law.
Three for watered milk.
Six cases were appealed and two cases were placed on probation. Fines to the amount of five hundred and fifteen dollars were imposed.
I desire to express my appreciation of the very efficient assistance rendered this department by the city solicitor, as convictions were obtained in each instance.
250
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Table 4.
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
MILK INSPECTION-CITY.
Samples of milk and cream, ice cream and vinegar for chemical analysis .
1,001
876
787 70
3,008 374
4,624
· Number found below grade . Samples of milk and cream for bacteriological analysis
740
820
752
1,143
1,030
Number found above 500,000 bacteria per C.C.
102
66
58
47
172
Temperatures of milk and cream taken
1,500
1,690
1,599
2,006
1,775
INSPECTIONS.
Number of stores and depots handling milk ·
559
480
517 1,004
610
591
Number of inspections made Number of re-inspections made .
120
687
190
162
101
Number found contrary to regulations on 2d insp. ·
118
98
25
...
2*
Average number of inspec- tions per store, including re-inspections
. .
3
2.35
....
. . .
LICENSES.
Number of licenses
for
98
78
72
69
69
Number of licenses for stores issued (milk)
461
480
517
528
496
Number of licenses refused .
2
2
0
2
. . .
Number of licenses revoked . Number of licenses for stores issued (oleomargarine) .
1
0
0
0
.. .
26
LEGAL CASES.
Suits instituted
9
7
11
17
27
Convictions .
8
6
11
16
27
Pending
0
0
2
1
Fines imposed
$100
$62
$105
$205
· $515t .
MISCELLANEOUS MILK DATA.
Total daily supply (gals.)
6,000
6,200
5,665
6,250
9,000
Per cent. of milk pasteurized
44
56
60
80
82
9
9
9
9
10
Average price of milk, winter Average price of milk, summer Letters or orders sent. (See sanitary notices.)
8
8
8
8
10
. · Total daily cream supply (gals.)
420
450
560
.
.
* This work has been taken over by the Sanitary Inspectors.
t Two defendants were placed on probation for 6 months.
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
146
106
399
.
1,002
753
1,227
855
wagons issued ·
251
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Table 5 .- Infantile Mortality.
Year.
Births.
Deaths under 1 year, all causes.
Deaths under 1 year, enteric diseases.
Enteric Death Rate per 10,000 population under 1 year.
Population.
1912.
1839
142
45
5.84
77,000
1913.
1861
166
45
5.48
82,000
1914.
1992
147
33
3.92
84,000
1915.
1898
142
25
2.90
86,000
1916
Birth re- turns in- complete
·
23
2.58
89,000
For several years I have tried to impress upon all con- cerned the desirability of pasteurizing all the milk offered for sale in Somerville.
I believe pasteurization is an absolute necessity and that every large city should have the necessary authority to en- force pasteurization in its entire supply. Table five is one of the most eloquent arguments for pasteurization that can pos- sibly be presented, showing, as it does, the steady decrease in mortality of children under one year of age.
Note should be made of the fact that the population and amount of milk consumed has steadily increased.
I should like to recommend at this time that the Somer- ville Board of Health support some legislation having as its object the enforcing of pasteurization in the larger cities and the control of the process by the local authorities.
New Legislation.
Chapter 744 of the Acts of 1914 was amended by Chapter 228 of the Acts of 1916, to include the inspection of the milk as well as the premises, as follows :-
Chapter 228. Acts 1916.
It shall be unlawful for any producer of milk or dealer in milk to sell or deliver for sale in any city or town in the commonwealth any milk produced or dealt in by him without first obtaining from the Board of Health of such city or town a permit authorizing such sale or delivery. Said Boards of Health are hereby authorized to issue such permits after an inspection, satisfactory to them, of the milk and of the place in which and of the circumstances under which
252
ANNUAL REPORTS.
such milk is produced and handled, has been made by them or by their authorized agent. Any permit so granted may contain such reasonable conditions as said board may think suitable for protect- ing the public health and may be revoked for failure to comply with any of such conditions. No charge shall be made to the producer for said permit or for said inspection.
Chapter 134 of the Acts of 1916 extends the duties of collectors and inspectors of milk as follows :-
Chapter 134. Acts 1916.
Inspectors of milk and collectors of milk samples shall have authority to take samples from milk, intended for sale in their respective cities or towns, wherever, within the commonwealth, such milk is produced, stored or transported, but this act shall not be construed to permit of any interference by such inspectors or collectors with milk in the course of interstate commerce.
Country Inspection.
There are at present about four hundred dairies, sending milk to this city, who have a permit in accordance with Chap- ter 744, Acts of 1914, as amended by Chapter 228, Acts of 1916. Four producers were prosecuted for selling watered milk and each paid a fine of fifty dollars.
I wish to advise producers of milk to have their milk tested for butter fat. I mean by this, to have each cow tested separately.
Many cows do not pay for their keep and the earlier this fact is discovered the better for the producer. All producers are urged to weigh the milk from each cow at each milking. It only takes a moment and it is of the greatest importance if milk is to be produced at a profit.
I wish to express my appreciation to my co-workers in the board of health for the assistance they have rendered this department during the past year, and to remind the citizens of Somerville that the department is at their service at all times upon any matter with which we can consistently deal.
Respectfully submitted, HERBERT E. BOWMAN,
Inspector of Milk and Vinegar.
SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.
Board of Overseers of the Poor. HENRY F. CURTIS, M. D., President. ALBERT W. EDMANDS, Vice-President. PHILIP KOEN. MICHAEL COLL.
Committees. ON FINANCE, INVESTIGATION AND RELIEF, AND CITY HOME-Dr. Curtis, Mr. Edmands, Mr. Koen and Mr. Coll.
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