USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1956 > Part 12
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179
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
Homes are teeming with senile Public Assistance recipients, who evidently are in need of custodial care. No one would be rash enough to suggest that they be committed to mental hos- pitals, although they are quite obviously incompetent. The fact is, however, that if their care was being subsidized by the Department of Mental Health, Public Assistance costs would decrease correspondingly, and therefore criticism would prob- ably diminish apace.
The caption of this dissertation is: "Public Welfare in Per- spective." Accordingly, it may not be out of order to point out here also that many false notions have become wide-spread anent the actual number of our Public Assistance recipients. Current estimates by Social Security experts indicate that there are about 14} million persons in the United States over 65 years of age. As we witnessed above, only about 2} million of these persons, or somewhere in the vicinity of 18% of the whole, are recipients of Old Age Assistance.
A parallel situation obtains in regard to children. Census Bureau figures attest that there are over fifty-nine million children under nineteen years of age in the country. Of this vast number, only 1,691,699 are recipients of Aid to Depend- ent Children.
The exact number of totally and permanently disabled per- sons in the United States is unknown, but national safety authorities declare that thousands upon thousands fall into this class every year. However, recipients of Aid to the Disabled, throughout the nation, number only 236,840 and most of these persons are beyond fifty years of age. Viewed dispassionately therefore, given our economy and culture, undergoing such revolutionary changes as ours, the proportion of Public Assist- ance recipients can scarcely be called excessive. Our records, over the years, show that although the eligible age for Old Age Assistance is 65, the average age of applicants is beyond 71 years. These records serve to document our own case work experience that most of our Aged apply for Public As- sistance only as a last desperate resort after they have become industrially obsolete, physically depleted and economically ex- hausted.
We cannot over-emphasize the fact that in the ultimate analysis, as we stated above, only seven-tenths of one percent (7/10 of 1%) of our Gross National Product goes for Public Assistance. Most of us need to become more familiar with the way our national 'tax dollar' is divided. Permit me to quote
180
ANNUAL REPORTS
from a recent broadcast on C.B.S. by Edward R. Murrow, on the evening of January 16th, 1957; wherein, in the course of com- menting on the Federal Budget submitted for 1957 by Presi- dent Eisenhower, the speaker remarked: "It should be of widest interest how the tax dollar is spent. National Security takes 59 cents of it. However, that is 'national security' in only the narrowest sense. If one adds the cost of security in the past, the budget is seen for what it really is. Most of the public debt represents the cost of past wars, and interest on the debts now takes ten cents on every dollar. Debt retirement takes another two cents. Veterans' benefits take seven cents. Add these together and we have a total of about 78 cents of every tax dollar that can be put down to past wars and the pre- vention of future ones.
That leaves 22 cents of the tax dollar for the needs of everyday living. Agriculture takes 7 cents, and so there is 15 cents left. It is in these 15 cents that the needs of Education, Health and Social Security are to find whatever the Federal Government can spend on them."
"But could not savings be effected in the administration of Public Assistance?" The answer is that administrative costs, in most Public Assistance agencies, are lower than those in private industry and much lower than those in private social agencies. This does not mean that there is not a great deal of room for improvement, the fundamental point that is custom- arily lost sight of is that public agency programs are based and conditioned by statutory law. Legislation accounts for the present number of categories of Assistance. Obviously if the differentiating distinctions between classes of indigence were abrogated and one general program instituted, the resultant simplification would lay the groundwork for enormous savings on every level. It is also apparent that the installation of busi- ness machinery and the quartering of Public Welfare agencies in adequate physical surroundings would also effectuate ex- tensive economies.
Furthermore, there is, and this is well-recognized by our Administrators, a dearth of properly trained and competently oriented personnel. The salaries presently offered are gro- tesquely inadequate and consequently staff recruitment is a major headache. Ostensibly also there are reasons to warrant the conclusion that fiscal and procedural relationships by the various levels of Government; Federal, State and local; could be greatly improved.
181
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
A lack of uniformity in the interpretation of official poli- cies by State district offices is a considerable source of exasper- ation to local Welfare authorities nor can there be any doubt that there is a perpetual need for self-analysis and self-criticism by Public Welfare agencies. Hence, to epitomize, there are definitely tremendous possibilities for betterment of both ad- ministration and programing.
Finally this question is often proposed to us: "What is the outlook for Public Welfare in the future? Will caseloads and costs rise or fall?" Speculation in this area is not likely to prove particularly profitable, much less prophetic. Neverthe- less, if our social economy continues to prosper, the horizon appears bright. We may attain some insight by briefly review- ing the categories of Assistance.
First of all, Old Age Assistance caseloads already show signs of declining. Liberalized Social Insurance benefits are a chief explanatory factor. A tight labor market with employ- ment available especially in the field of providing services is also a contributory element. The large number of Veterans eligible for pensions among our male population also effects the background picture. Other components of positive progress are the 'industrial pension' movement, the increasing coverage of employed women by Social Security, Union Health and Wel- fare funds, and enlarged retirement annuities for advancement in the educational level of our general population. The trend to suburbia may eventually bear relevant consequences not readily predictable at this moment.
When the Social Security Act was formulated, one of its long-range objectives was to have the insurance system even- tually eliminate the necessity for the Assistance programs. During the inflationary war period, when we were otherwise preoccupied, little attention was given to the experience of Social Insurance beneficiaries with the result that Assistance payments were liberalized while insurance benefits remained static. Within the past few years, efforts have been made to correct this short-coming and as aforesaid the effects are now becoming evident.
When the Social Security Act was being enacted, some foresaw the end of the 'industrial pension' system. The pes- simism, however, proved unfounded. During the war period when wages were frozen and collective bargaining became the rule of the day in the major industries, the impetus towards 'fringe benefits', notably non-contributory pensions financed
182
ANNUAL REPORTS
by Industry, became dominant. The Federal Government abetted this movement by modifying the Internal Revenue Code se that industrialists would deduct the costs of investment in such pension systems.
Furthermore, the number of Veterans in World War I reaching retirement age is now on the increase and this fact will have a bearing on the Assistance applications. Incidentally, Veterans' benefits represent the first participation of the Fed- eral Government on a large scale in "security" allowances and are traceable back to the days following the Civil War. Looking at the long future, the number of persons having a Veteran's status, as a result of World War II and the Korean War, should lessen the impact of Aid to the Aged in the form of Public Relief during the years to come.
Significantly, too, is the progress being made in mass edu- cation. The more mental resources and aptitudes that people possess, the less likelihood there is that they will become de- pendent.
In respect to the second major Assistance program, namely that of Aid to Dependent Children, we are faced with an ambi- valent situation. Family disintegration, caused by divorce and desertion, has become rampant to an appalling extent. As we stressed before, this is essentially a moral problem and no rectification is foreseeable unless there eventuates some ex- tensive reformation of morals. Insofar as the number of re- cipients is concerned, we have already pointed out the effects of a diminishing incidence of orphanhood and the more wide- spread availability of Social Security Survivors' Benefits. Here, too, the benefits accruing to war veterans and their dependents, are having a progressive effect.
Safety Education implemented by legislation has already' demonstrated its worth in lessening industrial and other ac- cidents. We are also witnessing a tremendous growth in Health and Accident Insurance. Again the new Disability Insurance of the Social Security system is calculated to diminish the need for Assistance to the totally and permanently disabled. Another positive advance is expressed in the new interest in rehabilita- tion, especially in terms of vocational re-training. The experi- ence of the Federal Government in Veterans' Administration Hospitals has accelerated this movement and the recent Amendments to the Social Security Act have amplified the scope of existing programs which share in Federal funds. A liberalized Workmen's Compensation allowance and higher awards in Automobile and other torte cases likewise have their effect.
183
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
The residuary category of Temporary Aid or General Relief experiences fluctuations most nearly reflective of the actual state of our social economy. Unemployment insurance has unquestionably strengthened the position of the worker faced with periodic lay-offs. The guaranteed annual wage is also well designed to obviate the necessity of applying for Public Relief during short periods of unemployment. In this field, too, we will eventually benefit by the advances made in general education. Adversely, of course, we must contend with the fact of family disintegration in this area, too.
The costs of medical care, as we have emphasized during this disquisition, are a severe drain upon Public Assistance funds. The ubiquitous advances in coverage by pre-paid hos- pital and medical insurance will eventually prove helpful. Moreover, the steady rise in medical care costs and changes in our inherited patterns of thinking may impell us to move in the direction of including a national health insurance program in our Social Security system. There are wise men, too, who despite the risks of incurring displeasure, vigorously advocate the incorporation of our Veterans' Administration Hospitals into our 'general hospital system.'
The abolition of poverty is assuredly the dissiderated ob- jective of all idealistic Americans. We know that it will never be completely achieved. On the other hand, many of our Sociologists and Economists tell us that it is already within our reach.
Pertinently, it was interesting to listen during the most re- cent presidential campaign to the respective candidates debat- ing about whether we should have a Four Hundred Billion Dollar or a Six Hundred Billion Dollar economy within the next few years. With either degree of prosperity, it would seem that a more equitable distribution of available wealth would virtually wipe out indigence but we live in a very complex civi- lization and we are forever encountering such road-blocks as wars, economic and financial crises, and the contemporary hor- ror of inflation. We were reminded, too, recently by the President of the United States Chamber of Commerce that the total indebtedness of our Government and people at the present time exceeds a Trillion and one-third Dollars. What the future holds, therefore, is anybody's guess.
JOHN J. GRIFFIN, General Agent Board of Public Welfare City of Somerville, Massachusetts
184
COMPARATIVE TABLE İ
Showing Gross National Product, National Income, Personal Income and Public Assistance Expenditures 1936 through 1955, inclusive
Year
Gross National Product
National Income
1936
$82,743,000,000.
$64,911,000,000. 73,618,000,000.
Personal Income $68,480,000,000. 73,921,000,000. 68,554,000,000.
1938
85,227,000,000.
67,581,000,000.
1939
91,095,000,000.
72,763,000,000.
72,884,000,000.
1940
100,618,000,000
81,634,000,000
78,680,000,000.
1,020,115,000. 989,397,000. 956,846,000. 926,325,000.
1943
192,513,000,000.
170,310,000,000.
151,392,000,000.
1944
211,393,000,000.
1 82,639,000,000.
165,696,000,000.
1945
213,558,000,000.
181,248,000,000.
171,222,000,000.
1946
209,246,000,000
179,577,000,000.
177,990,000,000.
1947
232,228,000,000
197,168,000,000.
190,552,000,000.
1,179,318,000. 1,480,800,000. 1,730,713,000.
1948
257,325,000,000
221,641,000,000
208,743,000,000.
1949
257,301,000,000
216,193,000,000.
206,818,000,000.
2,174,974,000.
1950
285,067,000,000
239,956,000,000.
227,050,000,000.
2,406,288,000.
1951
328,232,000,000.
277,041,000,000.
255,340,000,000.
2,382,791,000.
1952
345,445,000,000.
290,177,000,000.
271,775,000,000.
2,451,080,000.
1953
363,218,000,000.
302,129,000,000.
286,006,000,000.
2,539,879,000.
1954
360,654,000,000.
298,335,000,000
2,642,599,000.
1955
390,860,000,000.
324,048,000,000.
287,341,000,000. 306,062,000,000.
Public Assistance Expenditures $655,086,000. 802,937,000. 987,025,000. 1,050,790,000.
1941
125,822,000,000
104,710,000,000 137,694,000,000.
96,275,000,000.
1942
159,133,000,000
123,497,000,000.
940,399,000. 987,934,000.
ANNUAL REPORTS
2,748,489,000.
1937
90,780,000,000.
COMPARATIVE TABLE II
Showing Expenditures for National Defense, Foreign Aid, Veterans' Administration and Public Assistance 1936-1955 (Inclusive)
Year
Army, Navy, Air Defense Depts.
1936
$809,000,000.
1937
934,000,000.
1938
1,033,000,000.
1939
1,165,000,000.
1,050,790,000.
1940
1,559,000,000.
July 1, 1940 to June 30, 1945
639,127,000.
1941
6,071,000,000.
989,397,000. 956,846,000.
1943
63,101,000,000.
926,325,000.
1944
76,074,000,000.
940,399,000.
1945
79,877,000,000.
987,934,000.
1946
42,021,000,000.
1,179,318,000.
$49,223,000,000. July 1, 1945 to Dec. 31, 1947 13,186,000,000. 5,264,000,000.
2,271,318,000. 4,772,072,000.
1947
13,811,000,000.
1,480,800,000.
7,805,355,000.
1948
11,094,000,000.
1,730,713,000.
7,184,961,000.
1949
11,994,000,000.
2,174,974,000.
5,649,000,000.
1950 . .
11,887,000,000.
2,406,288,000.
4,152,000,000.
7,076,749,000. 9,752,983,000. 5,937,501,000.
1951
19,772,000,000.
2,382,791,000.
4,632,000,000.
1952
38,972,000,000.
2,451,080,000.
5,040,000,000.
6,135,417,000.
1953
43,711,000,000.
2,539,879,000.
6,405,000,000.
5,098,458,000.
1954
40,336,000,000.
2,642,599,000.
4,669,000,000.
5,282,575,000.
1955
35,532,000,000.
2,748,489,000.
3,984,000,000.
5,329,981,000.
TOTAL .. $523,325,000,000.
$31,053,785,000,
$102,204,000,000.
$75,996,398,000.
..
Public Assistance $655,086,000. 802,937,000. 987,025,000.
Foreign Aid
Veterans Administration $3,839,120,000. 893,994,000. 629,830,000. 600,222,000.
1942
23,572,000,000.
..
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
185
..
.
614,357,000. 647,730,000. 656,256,000. 828,392,000.
1,020,115,000.
186
COMPARTIVE TABLE III Showing Personal Savings, Life Insurance Coverage, Internal Revenue Collection, and Public Assistance Expenditures = 1931 through 1955, inclusive
Year
Personal Savings
1931
$2,507,000,000.
$108,886,000,000.
1932
646,000,000.
103,154,000,000.
2,005,725,437.
1933
648,000,000
97,985,000,000.
2,079,696,742.
1934
86,000,000.
98,542,000,000.
3,115,554,050.
1935
2,033,000,000.
100,730,000,000.
3,800,467,202.
1936
3,606,000,000.
104,667,000,000.
4,115,956,615.
655,086,000.
1937
3,741,000,000.
109,572,000,000.
5,293,590,237.
802,937,000.
1938
1,051,000,000.
111,055,000,000.
6,241,661,227.
987,025,000.
1939
2,866,000,000.
113,977,000,000.
5,667,823,626.
1,050,790,000.
1940
4,195,000,000.
117,794,000,000.
5,893,367,939.
1,020,115,000. 989,397,000.
1942
27,768,000,000.
130,333,000,000.
13,676,680,460.
956,846,000.
1943
33,006,000,000.
140,309,000,000.
23,402,322,396.
926,325,000.
1944
36,928,000,000.
149,071,000,000.
45,441,049,402.
940,399,000.
1945
28,656,000,000.
47,750,306,371.
987,934,000.
1946
12,565,000,000.
44,238,135,290.
1,179,318,000.
1947
4,043,000,000.
44,508,188,607.
1,480,800,000.
1948
9,992,000,000.
46,098,807,314.
1,730,713,000.
1949
7,559,000,000.
42,773,505,520.
2,174,974,000.
1950
12,104,000,000.
41,310,627,852.
2,406,288,000.
1951
17,727,000,000.
262,315,000,000.
53,368,671,892.
2,382,791,000.
1952 ..
19,046,000,000.
287,080,000,000.
67,999,369,558.
2,451,080,000.
1953
19,693,000,000.
316,722,000,000.
72,649,134,647.
2,539,879,000.
1954
17,890,000,000.
348,141,000,000.
73,172,935,738.
2,642,599,000.
1955
16,602,000,000.
*389,081,000,000.
69,454,195,640.
2,748,489,000.
..
..
ANNUAL REPORTS
* To this figure should be added 42.7 Billion - Veterans' Life Ins. (Gov't.); 10.5 Billion - Fraternal Societies Life Ins .; and 860 Million - Savings Bank Life Ins.
Coverage by U. S. Life Insurance Companies
Collections by U. S. Internal Revenue $3,189,638,632.
Public Assistance Expenditures Federal,State, & Local)
..
1941
11,107,000,000.
124,673,000,000.
7,995,611,580.
155,723,000,000.
174,553,000,000.
191,264,000,000.
206,715,000,000.
220,515,000,000.
242,018,000,000.
.
COMPARATIVE TABLE IV Showing Somerville's Municipal Expenditures, Gross and Net, Public Welfare Expenditures and Related Percentages 1931 - 1955
Year
Tax Rate
Total Municipal Expenditures
Gross Expenditures Welfare Depart.
Welf. Expend. == % of Munic. Expend.
Net Costs of Public Welfare to City
Net Costs == % of Munic. Expend.
1931
$30.60
$4,859,990.50
$466,120.00
9.5%
$351,625.53
7.2%
1932
40.10
5,516,629.51
792,574.52
14.3%
591,024.69
10.7%
1933
32.60
5,064,738.84
751,254.90
14.8%
524,824.87
10.3%
1934
37.00
5,547,193.82
933,570.37
16.8%
656,011.63
11.8%
1935
38.60
5,511,071.44
777,729.03
14.1%
417,769.28
7.5%
1936
41.90
6,327,496.36
1,211,634.32
19.1%
868,229.74
13.7%
1937
44.30
6,702,517.60
1,435,975.26
21.4%
785,438.80
11.7%
1938
43.90
6,764,834.51
1,502,253.56
22.2%
783,381.66
11.6%
1939
41.40
6,485,756.51
1,542,443.07
23.7%
720,463.55
11.1%
1940
42.30
6,501,988.75
1,484,319.11
22.8 %
558,053.27
8.5%
1941
39.90
6,551,470.71
1,176,345.88
17.9%
424,669.25
6.4%
1942
41.00
6,039,963.32
1,115,605.07
18.4 %
293,680.04
4.8%
1943
40.40
5,984,602.52
963,136.82
16.1 %
236,456.70
3.9%
1944
40.30
5,947,164.95
964,190.22
16.2%
269,845.13
4.5%
1945
38.80
6,194,700.83
1,064,068.30
17.2%
314,186.68
5.0%
1946
42.50
6,854,836.25
1,345,062.26
19.6%
474,377.24
6.9%
1947
43.90
9,032,207.92
1,642,072.55
18.2%
542,695.27
6.0%
1948
49.90
8,972,531.48
1,970,647.39
21.9%
622,340.27
6.9%
1949
49.90
9,830,106.61
2,425,243.97
24.6%
783,876.01
7.9%
1950
54.90
10,302,611.25
2,845,241.08
27.6%
751,021.84
7.3%
1951
53.60
10,421,584.45
2,697,312.14
25.9%
534,465.98
5.1%
1952
55.60
11,011,388.72
2,937,874.72
26.7%
686,163.88
6.2%
1953
55.30
11,227,588.01
2,877,299.97
25.6%
606,232.81
5.4%
1954
63.20
11,829,901.98
2,936,428.15
24.8%
688,826.03
5.8%
1955
63.20
12,278,113.43
3,010,429.67
24.5%
662,279.53
5.4%
TOTALS
$191,760,990.27
$40,868,832.33
21.3%
$14,147,939.68
7.3%
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WELFARE DEPARTMENT
187
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188
COMPARATIVE TABLE V
Showing Expenditures in the United States for Alcoholic Beverages, Tobacco Products, User Transportion (Automobiles, etc.) and Public Assistance 1936-1955
Year
Alcohol Beverages
Tobacco Products
User Transportation
Public Assistance
1936
$3,175,000,000.
$1,535,000,000.
$4,956,000,000. 5,288,000,000.
$655,086,000. 802,937,000. 987,025,000.
1938
3,270,000,000.
1,697,000,000.
4,453,000,000.
1939
3,420,000,000.
1,767,000,000.
5,128,000,000.
1,050,790,000.
1940
3,600,000,000.
1,883,000,000.
5,872,000,000.
1941
4,185,000,000.
2,108,000,000.
7,031,000,000.
1942
5,080,000,000.
2,381,000,000.
3,581,000,000.
1943
5,840,000,000.
2,677,000,000.
2,859,000,000.
926,325,000.
1944
6,775,000,000.
2,717,000,000.
3,045,000,000.
940,399,000.
1945
7,485,000,000.
2,972,000,000.
3,992,000,000.
987,934,000.
1946
8,360,000,000.
3,478,000,000.
9,004,000,000.
1,179,318,000.
1947
8,620,000,000.
3,869,000,000.
12,316,000,000.
1,480,800,000.
1948
7,930,000,000.
4,147,000,000.
14,313,000,000.
1,730,713,000.
1949
7,730,000,000.
4,252,000,000.
16,939,000,000.
2,174,974,000.
1950
7,880,000,000.
4,401,000,000.
20,182,000,000.
2,406,288,000.
1951
8,200,000,000.
4,701,000,000.
19,586,000,000.
2,382,791,000.
1952 ..
8,735,000,000.
5,092,000,000
19,892,000,000.
2,451,080,000.
1953
8,885,000,000.
5,310,000,000.
23,631,000,000.
2,539,879,000.
1954
8,830,000,000.
5,228,000,000.
23,759,000,000.
2,642,599,000.
1955
9,050,000,000.
5,373,000,000.
29,127,000,000.
2,748,489,000.
$67,261,000,000.
$234,954,000,000.
$31,053,785,000.
ANNUAL REPORTS
TOTALS .... $130,515,000,000.
1,673,000,000.
1937
3,465,000,000.
..
...
..
.
....
..
..
1,020,115,000. 989,397,000. 956,846,000.
COMPARATIVE TABLE VI
Showing Population of and Immigration into the United States 1860 - 1955, and Number of Births, Deaths, and Rate Per 1000 in U. S. 1936 - 1955
Year
Population 31,443,321
Year 1860-1869
Immigration Admissions 2,081,261
Year
Births
Rate
Deaths
Rate
1936
2,144,790
16.7
1,479,228
11.6
1937
2,203,337
17.1
1,450,427
11.3
1870
38,558,371
1870-1879
2,742,137
1938
2,286,962
17.6
1,381,391
10.6
1939
2,265,588
17.3
1,387,897
10.6
1880
50,155,783
1880-1889
5,248,568
1940
2,360,399
17.9
1,417,269
10.8
1941
2,513.427
18.0
1,397,642
10.5
1890
62,947,714
1890-1899
3,694,294
1942
2,808,996
20.8
1,385,187
10.3
1943
2,934,860
21.5
1,459,544
10.9
1900
75,994,575
1900-1909
8,202,388
1944
2,794,800
20.2
1,411,338
10.6
1945
2,735,456
19.5
1,401,719
10.6
1910
91,972,266
1910-1919
6,347.380
1946
3,288,672
23.3
1,395,617
10.0
1947
3,699,940
25.8
1,445,370
10.1
1920
105,710,620
1920-1929
4,295,510
1948
3,535,068
24.2
1,444,337
9.9
1949
3,559,529
23.9
1,443,607
9.7
1930
122,775,046
1930-1939
699,375
1950
3,554,149
23.6
1,452,454
9.6
1951
3,750,850
24.5
1,482,099
9.7
1940
131,669,275
1940-1949
856,608
1952
3,846,986
24.7
1,496,838
9.6
1953
3,909,000
24.7
1,519,000
9.6
1950
150,697,361
1950-1954
1,099,035
1954
4,021,000
25.0
1,481,000
9.2
1955
237,790
1955
4,041,000
24.6
1,527,000
9.3
TOTALS
35,504,346
62,254,809
28,858,964
1860
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
189
190
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE BUREAU OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
Annaled Table | Showing Categorical Caseloads and Expenditures For Public Assistance 1936-1956 Inclusive (Exclusive of Administrative Costs)
Year
Total Expenditures
No. of Cases
O.A.A. Expenditures
No. of Cases
A.D.C. Expenditures
No. of Cases
D.A. Expenditures
No. of Cases
G.R. Expenditures
1936
$33,586,252
33,484
$9,152,664
4,721
$3,367,400
66,585
$21,066,188
1937
44,882,543
58,981
19,210,808
6,268
4,521.654
61,079
21,150,081
1938
55,815,733
70,304
23,631,904
8,577
6,258,378
72,409
25,925,451
1939
58,558,176
79,125
26,994,427 10,420
7,465,456
68,281
24,098,293
1940
60,501,703
84,842
29,547,121 12,023
8,492,108
62,773
22,462,474
1941
54,189,025
87,090
30,697,446 12,577
8,638,549
40,662
14,853,030
1942
52,244,432
86,407
33,688,722 11,604
8,162,295
28,102
10,393,415
1943
48,903,070
80,896
35,400,498
8,379
6,779,526
16,940
6,723,046
1944
49,303,176
76,044
36,899,165
7,102
6,453,198
13,498
5,950,813
1945
51,683,495
75,004
38,884,591
7,188
6,965,989
12,460
5,832,915
1946
61,258,648
79,842
45,808,511
8,160
8,496,401
13,703
6,953,736
1947
72,660,191
85,248
53,244,057
9,190
10,801,061
15,373
8,615,073
1948
84,363,302
89,089
60,958,810
10,282
13,020,959
16,838
10,383,533
1949
101,500,712
93,971
70,317,509 11,756
16,185,317
21,564
14,997,886
1950
115,353,569
101,028
79,738,817 13,366
18,293,930
24,092
17,320,822
1951
111,057,498 101,838
78,315,410 13,216
17,945,127
3,554
271,267 20,257
14,525,694
1952
122,669,690
98,730
86,798,559 12,928
18,500,732
6,100
6,498,724 14,914
10,871,675
1953
121,149,859
95,726
84,545,172 12,331
17,767,088
9,085
9,789,537 12,057
9,048,062
1954
122,703,399
92,844
83,358,293 12,402
18,446,581
9,540
10,857,092 13,312
10,041,433
1955
125,029,084
89,077
82,740,358 12,907
19,778,980
10,235
12,268,579 13,431
10,241,167
1956
....
128,490,388
85,929
85,591,787 12,604
20,234,467 10,873
13,632,428 11,365
9,031,706
GRAND
TOTAL .. $1,675,903,945
$1,095,524,629
$246,575,196
$53,317,627
$280,486,493
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