USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > Attleboro > Reports of town officers of the town of Attleborough 1918 > Part 5
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Walter Thayer.
Carroll Thacher
F. L. Torrey.
Oscar Wolfenden.
Miss Bertha Hunnewell.
Orrin Clark.
George Cook.
63
ANNUAL REPORT
Words can never express the value which the City received from the combined efforts of the volunteer aids and nurses, the diet kitchen, the Sturdy Memorial Hospital, the men who so freely gave their time and autos for transportation of food and nurses, and the young ladies who drove day after day wherever and whenever they were needd.
I want to say that every doctor in town worked to his utmost limit.
Judging from reports received from other cities in our State, I be -· lieve that nowhere was the situation handled in a better manner than in Attleboro. This was one time when we got together and showed what we could do in a pinch.
The City also owes thanks to Dr. Charles A. Gould, Dr. Arthur C. Conro and Dr. Earl R. White for their valiant services rendered dur- ing the epidemic.
We wish to thank the Lilly Company for their co-operation with this department, for their time and efforts in keeping the supplies such as vaccine, sputum boxes and cups, culture tubes, and in fact, all the various sera furnished by the State Board for the convenience of the physicians and the public.
Respectfully submitted,
RALPH P. KENT,
Health Officer.
64
ANNUAL REPORT
DISEASES DANGEROUS TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH.
Diseases declared by the State Department of Health to be dan- gerous to the public health, and so reportable by law. Householders and physicians must give immediate notice to the local Board of Health of all cases of :-
Actinomycosis
Ophthalmia Neonatorium
Supperative Conjunctivitis
Anterior Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis) Anthrax
Mumps
Pellagra
Asiatic Cholera
Plague
Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis
Rabies
Chicken Pox
Scarlet Fever
Diphtheria
Septic Sore Throat
Dog-bite
Smallpox
Dysentery
Tetanus
a. Amebic
Trachoma
b. Bacillary
Trichinosis
German Measles
Tuberculosis (all forms)
Glanders
Typhoid Fever
Hookworm Disease
Typhus Fever
Leprosy
Whooping Cough
Lobar Pneumonia
Yellow Fever
Malaria
Influenza
Measles
VITAL STATISTICS.
December 15, 1917, to December 15, 1918.
Births
Still-Births 16 303
The following contagious diseases were reported to the Health Department from December 15, 1917, to December 15, 1918:
Actinomycosis
1
Chicken Pox
34
Dog-bite
6
Diphtheria
16
Measles
62
Mumps
3
German Measles
123
Ophthalmia Neonatorium
2
Scarlet Fever
8
Suppurative Conjunctivitis 1
3
Tuberculosis (all forms) 36
Trachoma
0
Whooping Cough
54
Septic Sore Throat
1
Lobar Pneumonia
63
Influenza
661
The minimum period of quarantine or isolation for:
Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis, three weeks after recovery or death.
Diphtheria, 15 days and thereafter until two successive negative cultures have been obtained.
Scarlet Fever, at least 30 days. Chicken Pox, two weeks. Mumps, three weeks. Whooping Cough, seven weeks.
Anterior Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis), three to six weeks.
Typhoid Fever
Deaths
365 (incomplete)
65
ANNUAL REPORT
DEATHS BY AGES. (Still-Births Excluded). December 15, 1917 to December 15, 1918.
Deaths of persons
under 1 year
Deaths of persons 1 to 2 years
6
5
Deaths of persons
2 to 3 years
2
2
Deaths of persons 3 to 4 years
0
1
Deaths of persons
4 to 5 years
2
1
Deaths of persons
5 to 10 years
2
Deaths of persons 10 to 15 years
1
?
Deaths of persons 15 to 20 years
4
3
Deaths of persons 20 to 30 years
16
19
Deaths of persons 30 to 40 years
18
25
Deaths of persons 40 to 50 years.
14
5
Deaths of persons 50 to 60 years.
19
16
Deaths of persons 60 to 70 years
10
17
Deaths of persons 70 to 80 years
17
17
Deaths of persons over 80 years
6
16
140
163
DEATHS BY MONTHS. (Still-Births Excluded). From December 15, 1917.
Male
Female
December 15, 1917 to January.
13
7
6
January
23
10
13
February
15
8
7
March
30
14
16
April
14
7
7
May
20
9
11
June
12
7
5
July
9
4
5
August
18
8
10
September
28
15
13
October
90
45
45
November
22
6
16
December 15 (inclusive)
9
6
3
303
146
157
CAUSES OF DEATHS. (Still-Births Excluded). December 15, 1917 to December 15, 1918.
Arterio Sclerosis
6
Accidental Deaths
10
Broncho Pneumonia
32
Bronchitis
1
Cancer
7
Cerebral Hemorrhage
21
Diphtheria
2
Diarrhoeal Diseases
8
Diseases of the Heart.
34
Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord.
15
Male 23
Female
26
66
ANNUAL REPORT
Diseases of the Kidney
16
Diabetes Mellitus
3
Lobar Pneumonia 51
Pernicious Anemia
1
Peritonitis
4
Septicemia 5
Influenza
38
Tuberculosis, pulmonary
10
Tuberculosis, other than pulmonary.
3
Whooping Cough
3
Other Causes
33
Total
303
SUMMARY REPORT OF MILK AND DAIRY INSPECTION.
Attleboro, Mass., December 15, 1918.
To Dr. Ralph P. Kent, Health Officer.
Dear Sir:
I take pleasure in presenting to you my first report, dating from June 1st to Oct. 1st, of the year 1918.
I have continued to the same outline of work that has been car- ried out by my two predecessors, except in a few instances where I saw that improvement was necessary in keeping Attleboro's laboratory with the high standing of other laboratories throughout the state. Considering the size of Attleboro, and, with no boasting on my part, Attleboro can rightly claim to have one of the best laboratories in the state. Much of the credit to Attleboro's laboratory is due to the tire- less efforts of her first milk inspector, Mr. Fine.
On account of the war, much of the work which I had contemplated was badly interrupted; for instance, I had intended to have finished by this time, (1) a thorough sanitary study of Attleboro's water sup- ply, (2) a sanitary survey of the farms which supply us with our milk, and, (3) the introducing of a new grading system which has met with much approval in the State of New York and in several cities in our Southern and Western States.
The physical and chemical analyses which had been previously carried out, are still used in the laboratory; but, with one addition. In case of where the total milk solids are found to be in doubt, the milk is gravimetrically analyzed. This is the only confirmed chemical test, and, is the only one used when samples are thought to be in the least doubtful. The milk is not only analyzed for the presence of its natural constituents, but also for the purpose of detecting the possible pres- ence of preservatives and other adulterants.
In my mind, the most important problem of a modern milk analyst, is the biologic one; the relation of the milk problem to the public health. It is with this problem before me that I intend to introduce in Attleboro, a grading system which will place more importance upon the sanitary character of the milk than upon its chemical consti- tuents. Clean milk from healthful cows is of more importance than rich milk. Too often does the milk inspector overlook this important point.
67
ANNUAL REPORT
The following is a brief outline of the routine work which is car- ried out by our laboratory :
(1) Dairy Inspection.
(a) Health and cleanliness of the milker.
(b) Health of cows.
(c) Sanitary conditions of the barns, utensils, etc.
(d) Water supply of the dairy.
(e) Proper washing and sterilizing of the milk containers.
(2) Physical analyses.
(a) Temperature of the milk.
(b) Sediment test.
(3) Chemical analyses.
(a) Specific Gravity.
(b) Percent fat.
(c) Total solids.
(d) Solids not fat.
(e) Gravimetric analysis of doubtful samples.
(f) Preservatives and coloring matter.
(4) Bacteriological analyses.
(a) Total number of bacteria.
(b) Bacteria that grow at ordinary room temperature.
(c) Bacteria that grow at bodily heat.
(d) Dextrose fermenting bacteria.
(e) Lactose fermenting bacteria.
(f) Bacteria producing putrefaction.
(g) Presumptive test for the possible presence of the typhoid bacillus.
I had started to make a thorough sanitary survey of the dairies in Attleboro when I was called into military service. I shall have at the laboratory when this work is finished, the complete data of the sani- tary condition of every dairy and the source from which each dairy obtains its water supply. The purpose of this sanitary survey is two- fold: (1) where the water supply is in the least doubtful, analyses shall be taken at regular intervals, and, (2) where the sanitary condi- tions are not of the best, improvement shall be made urgent.
I have made a monthly bacteriological analysis of the city water supply. The water which was analyzed, was taken from the pumping station at South Attleboro. The results were very satisfactory and showed that the filter beds were very efficiently doing their work.
I have visited every store and restaurant that sells milk, ice cream, oleomargarine, imitation butter, and vinegar. At times, sam- ples of their milk were tested. In some instances, where the condi- tions of the stores were not in the best of cleanliness, I made sanitary recommendations to the owners to which I can safely say they prompt- ly heeded.
The following are the chemical and bacteriological analyses made:
Chemical.
Milk 147
Bacteriological. 78
Cream 13
4
Ice cream 42
23
Water 1
7
Butter 2
Oleomargarine 1
68
ANNUAL REPORT
I feel that I can safely say that Attleboro's milk and water supply is of a high rank.
The milk dealers have most always respected the advice of this department, and have, in more ways than one, been willing to make many improvements. One of the most progressive milk dealers in this city has introduced a pasteurizing plant which he soon expects to have in operation.
This coming year, our motto shall be "Improvement." We shall do everything that is in our power to improve Attleboro's milk supply and make it the best attainable in the State.
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES J. GUILD,
Milk Inspector of the City of Attleboro.
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF PLUMBING
To Dr. Ralph Kent, Health Officer, Attleboro, Mass.
Sir:
The following report of work performed by the Inspector of Plumb- ing during the year 1918 is hereby submitted :
There were 57 permits granted during the year 1918.
Number of permits for Plumbing granted. 57
Number of new buildings. 8
Number of new plumbing in old buildings 49
Number of water closets installed. 88
Number of sinks installed. 39
Number of wash-trays installed. 5
Number of lavatories installed. 62
Number of bath tubs installed.
Number of slop-sinks installed. 33 Number of floor-drains installed. 2 6
Number of sewer connections installed. 22
Number of changes in work by order of inspector 6
Number of consultations with pulmbers and owners. 15
Number of registered plumbers in Attleboro. 14
Number of inspections made in plumbing. 60
Respectfully submitted,
ARTHUR B. READ.
69
ANNUAL REPORT
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF SLAUGHTER.
Attleboro, Mass., December 15, 1918.
Dr. R. P. Kent, Health Officer,
Attleboro, Mass.
Dear Sir:
I hereby submit my report as Inspector of Slaughter for the cur- rent year ending Dec. 15, 1918.
Slaughter house and field inspection show there were 1130 car- casses dressed and stamped for food.
Cattle 233. Calves 225. Hogs 672.
Condemned : Cattle 4 for General Tuberculosis. 1 for Abscess in the lungs. 1 for · Jaundice.
Hogs 2 for Tuberculosis. 7 for Hog Cholera. 2 for Scab (deep seated). 4 for Hemorrhagic Septicemia.
Calves 2 Immature.
3 Necrotic Liver.
These diseased carcasses were disposed of by rendering after they had been saturated with carbolic acid.
Reports are forwarded to the State Board of Health every three months in regard to slaughtering and inspection.
Respectfully submitted,
HUGH GAW, D. V. S., Inspector of Slaughter.
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS.
Attleboro, Mass., December 15, 1918.
To the Honorable Mayor and Municipal Council :-
I herewith submit my report as Inspector of Animals from Dec. 15, 1917 to Dec. 15, 1918.
Contagious diseases of animals under provision of Chapter 90, Section 28, shall include glanders, farcy, mange, contagious pleuro- pneumonia, tuberculosis, Texas fever, foot and mouth disease, rinder- pest, hog cholera, rabies, anthrax or anthroid diseases, sheep scab and actinomycosis.
The annual inspection was called by Dr. L. H. Howard, Commis- sioner of the Department of Animal Industry in the months of February and March. On inspection of neat stock there were found to be Cows 727, Young stock 171, Swine 782, Oxen 4, Bulls 31, Goats 4.
Hog Cholera: This was found to exist in five different piggeries during the year. Quarantine was placed on the same for 40 days. Quite a number of swine breeders had their swine immunized by being innoculated with Anti Hog Cholera Serum and Virus. The pigs that died from this disease were either buried or burned.
70
ANNUAL REPORT
Rabies: Eight dogs were placed under quarantine on suspicions of having rabies. Six of these dogs were quarantined as they had bitten the same number of people but as they did not develop rabies were released. Two other dogs are at the present time under quaran- tine for ninety days as they were known to be in contact with a dog that the State Department of Animal, Industry reported as having rabies.
Tuberculosis: Six cows on physical examination proved to have tuberculosis. They were killed and rendered. In each case the owner received compensation.
All Interstate cattle shipped into the City of Attleboro during the year came through Brighton where they are subject to the Tuberculine test.
Your inspector is pleased to report that no glanders has existed among the horses in Attleboro during the last year.
Wherever a contagious disease was found to exist the owners were compelled to clean and disinfect their stables.
Respectfully submitted,
HUGH GAW, D. V. S.,
Inspector of Animals.
REPORT OF RED CROSS NURSING COMMITTEE ON INFLUENZA WORK, SEPT. 27-OCT. 26TH.
On Friday evening, Sept. 27th, a telegram was received from the Public Safety Committee asking the local Chapter of the Red Cross to co-operate with local Board of Health in epidemic work, and this was immediately followed by another telegram from Mr. James Jackson our Division Manager asking us to mobilize the members of the Home Nursing and First Aid classes for immediate nursing service and also asking for volunteers for outside help.
The next evening forty members responded to the call and met at Headquarters and were mobilized as 'Volunteer Aids.' The city was divided into sections, each section under the care of a Home Defense Nurse. The Red Cross Home Defense nurses in town are: Mrs. Fred Stone, Mrs. H. A. Allen, Mrs. Geo. Dunham, Mrs. Ray Starkey, Mrs. W. G. Meader and Mrs. Cummings. For the Pleasant Street section, Dr. Laura G. Mackie was appointed. The Home Defense nurses were not to go from house to house, but to be ready at all times to supply Aids from their respective districts, to advise the Aids and to go only in extreme cases where the nurses were not available and immediate assistance was needed.
After mobilization Dr. Kent met the unit, and spoke to them of the disease they were to fight, its care and the necessary precautions to be taken by the volunteers for their own safety and the safety of the relatives of the sick.
Bands with the words: 'Volunteer Aid' were made and donated by Mrs. Louise Phelan of the National Chain Roll Co. to be worn on the left sleeve.
Lists of the districts and their supervisors were prepared and through the courtesy of Mr. Harold E. Sweet were type-written the next morning (Sunday) by one of his stenographers.
71
ANNUAL REPORT
By 3 that afternoon a list was placed in every physician's office. Arrangements were also made for the making of broths and delicacies for the sick. Mrs. Einstein was appointed Chairman of the Diet Com- mittee and her report will speak for itself of the invaluable aid ren- dered. When I suggested that Sunday morning that perhaps some of the women who could not help with the nursing, might be willing to make broths, etc., I had no idea that the tiny seed planted was to out- rival Jack's famous beanstalk.
The Diet Kitchen was at all times a Red Cross activity and would have been supported by Red Cross funds had not the kindness of friends made this unnecessary.
Mrs. Eva Kent procured a list of all those who were willing to lend their cars for relief work, and Mr. Chas. L. Rogers took the whole responsibility of seeing that cars were on hand at any hour of the day and night when needed. How much his work and the co-operation of motor car owners contributed to the successful fight against the epi- demic by saving time and the strength of the nurses and aids can not be expressed by mere words.
In the absence of Mrs. Meader from the city, Mrs. Eva Kent ably covered the County Street district.
One of the first things I did in mobilizing forces was to call the Division Office, Boston by phone and ask if I might engage the ser- vices of trained nurses to be paid for by Red Cross and was given per- mission to do whatever I thought necessary.
Mrs. Alice Haskell and Mrs. Jessie Walker, graduate nurses, were engaged, and Miss Wynne, a practical nurse, was also engaged,-Mrs. Haskell and Mrs. Walker to report to District Nurses' office, and Miss Wynne to me.
The telegrams were received late Friday evening and on Sunday morning-36 hours later, everything was arranged and in working or- der, and Volunteer Aids answering calls as fast as they came in.
Mrs. Hollis, Mrs. Baker and Mrs. Arnold Slade volunteered for out- side work, and Sept. 30, a telegram was received asking them to re- port the following morning in Boston. Mrs. Slade was prevented from going by illness, but Mrs. Baker and Mrs. Hollis reported. Mrs. Hollis was immediately despatched to Newburyport, Mass., and Mrs. Baker was advised not to attempt relief work as she did not appear physical- ly able. She obeyed orders like a good soldier and came home. Bos- ton's loss was our gain, for she made 55 calls doing splendid work until she herself contracted the influenza. Mrs. Hollis realizing the gravity of the situation here returned home after a week much to my relief, for she was urgently needed.
Mrs. Haskell after three days' work became ill and died of pneu- monia, following influenza.
In a recent letter to the Boston Herald, Miss Ross, our Division Director of Nursing, in speaking of the wonderful work done by nurses in the epidemic, said that a nurse who died as a result of nursing in- fluenza cases, was entitled to a gold star and a place on the Roll of Honor just as much as a soldier who falls on the battlefield. I hope the proper authorities here will see that Mrs. Haskell's sacrifice is fit- tingly perpetuated.
Miss Wynne was taken ill after four days and Mrs. Walker was called on a private case leaving us with no trained nurses. Fortunately we were able to secure Miss Bowman and she began her duties Oct. 4 and worked until it was considered safe for the Red Cross to dis- continue its help. Mrs. Irvine was also secured for the district and worked one week. No outside help was available. We were told to rely on our own community for our own needs. When I tell you that my telephone calls received and given were well over a hundred a
72
ANNUAL REPORT
day for 3 weeks you will realize what our task was. The telephone supervisors and operators gave splendid service, doing everything in their power to help.
When Miss Bowman and Mrs. Irvine were engaged, I had them report to me at 7 every morning and I gave them their lists. I knew just where the nurses and aids were at every hour of the day and when an urgent call or a new call came in could thus locate a nurse in a very short time. A week after we started Mr. Joseph Finberg tele- phoned me to draw on him for fifty dollars and more if it was needed for supplies. This offer came at an opportune time. In so many cases, where whole families were sick and where patients were very very ill necessitating much changing of bed linen and no one able in a family to wash soiled linen, something had to be done. With Mr. Fin- berg's money I bought sheets, material for draw sheets, pillow cases and towels, marking each article with the Red Cross label and asking patients to whom we loaned it to return it laundered when they were through with it to Red Cross Headquarters there to be kept against some other emergency. To date very few articles have been re- turned and I trust our request will be heeded.
Mr. Edward Gowen gave one dozen new night apparel for men and women. This also was marked to be kept for future emergency. The draw sheets had to be made up, so the sewing was done by Mrs. J. A. Thayer, Mrs. R. D. Manchester, Mrs. Herbert Smith, Mrs. Rena Rounse- ville, Mrs. James Shallcross, Mrs. Glencross and Mrs. A. N. Brownell. Miss Harriet Wilmarth took charge of the gauze masks seeing that enough were on hand, and Mr. Lilly kindly allowed us to keep them for distribution in his store and also allowed us to keep the bed linen there as a convenient centre for the nurses. Many friends gave us old sheets, towels and old linen.
Mrs. Harold E. Sweet donated part of the alcohol used, and gave every minute of her time and the use of her car all through the three weeks. Anything at all that I wanted done I simply told her about it and then dismissed all further concern about it from my mind knowing that it would be done promptly. Mrs. Sweet also gave her evenings at the Hospital from 7 until 11 during the worst of the epidemic.
One discouraging feature during the epidemic was the lack of men volunteers for night duty with very sick male patients. The only men who helped were Rev. E. E. Wells, Ed Anthony who deserves special mention for the time he gave both day and night in the Hos- pital, Clem Jeffers, Bernard Simms, James Coyne, James Monahan and Dr. McCarthy.
Dodgeville has much to be grateful for to Mrs. Everett L. Ford. She handled the situation there almost single-handed. Mr. Ford, Mr. Harry Richardson and Father Dequoy did what they could. The Red Cross nurses made visits, but the only volunteer to assist Mrs. Ford was Mrs. Mary Peloquin of Dodgeville. When asked to help, she said: "If it is God's will I take it, I take it. If not, I don't. I help what I can." Simple philosophy perhaps, but her heart was in the right place. Father Jalbert of St. Joseph's church was also a great help to us. One of the finest things done was the temporary adoption of three little children practically infants, whose mothers were in the Hospital. These children were taken by Mrs. H. A. Allen and Mrs. Howard Walker into their homes and cared for, and what that care means with one's own family and home to be looked out for is no light mat- ter. They deserve the highest praise of all.
Mrs. Eva Kent and Miss Mildred Perry were of the greatest help to me in handling special and urgent cases. Mrs. Davis and Mrs. Bonner Mason were constant and faithful workers. One volunteer deserving of very special mention is Mrs. Bessie Mehring. She volun-
73
ANNUAL REPORT
teered for night duty and during the epidemic took care of 15 patients, giving 21 nights and three half-days to the work-a total of 270 hours -a record of splendid unselfish service. Volunteers who did night duty in the Hospital and on private cases when called, as well as day work were Mrs. Hollis, Mrs. Fred Stone, Mrs. C. Arnold Slade, Mrs. Mary W. Salisbury, Miss Simms, Mrs. Oatley, Mrs. Abby Hill, Miss Tarle- ton, Miss Sears, Miss Agnella Boudreau, Miss Liela Tillson, Mrs. Poole, Miss Mae Smith, Miss McKim, Miss Bessie Henry, Miss Small, Mrs. Jeffers, Mrs. Lena Watson, Mrs. Chas. C. Crossman, Mrs. Coyne, Mrs. James L. Wiggmore and Mrs. Gertrude Kendall. Mrs. Wiggmore gave her mornings from 7 until 10 to the Hospital for four weeks, and as she gives her afternoons to Red Cross work at Headquarters, her record is a worthy one.
Those who gave evenings to the Hospital from 7 until nearly mid- night were Mrs. Harold E. Sweet, Mrs. J. Lee Mitchell, Miss Bertha Remington, Miss Alice Enbom, Miss Mary Ryan, Mrs. Eben Wilde and Mrs. Heath. The teachers who helped were Miss Tarleton who gave three weeks of day and often times night duty, always with a cheer- ful 'All right' when sent out, and whose work was wonderful, Miss Sears who was just as willing both day and night, Miss Tillson who did night duty at the Hospital, Miss Alice McNerney who gave after- noons and evenings to the Hospital for nearly four weeks, Mrs. Abby Hill, another willing volunteer ready for whatever she was called on to do, Miss Bourne, Miss Clara Curry, Miss Smith, Miss Hofmann and Miss Lena Uhlig. Other volunteers who helped and did good work were Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Dakin, Miss Engley, Mrs. W. Sweeney, Miss Flanagan, Miss Jones, Miss Elsie Sweet, Miss Dorothy Carpenter, Miss Alice Carpenter, Miss Bertha Harvey, Mrs. William Doyle, Mrs. Austin, Miss Doris Austin, Mrs. Fales, Mrs. Eben Wilde, Mrs. Finberg, Mrs. Boehning, Mrs. John Hodge who gave splendid help, Miss Den- nis, Miss Nye, Mrs. Schwin, Miss Gladys Johnson, Miss Boudreau, Mrs. Lilly, Alice Holden, Mrs. Dakin, Irma Ingraham, Miss Myra Stone and Miss Rose Ware, Miss Horner and Miss Todd.
Chief Gingras helped by reporting cases in outlying districts, and also with ambulance service. Mr. Fred Stone and Smith and Vose took care of all ambulance calls without charge to the Red Cross. There were many criticisms and stories which, when investigated and traced to their sources, were apparently attempts to discredit the Red Cross and hamper its work locally, and in every case the persons were dropped. The Sturdy Hospital management was grossly misjudged. Many of the cases we sent there were hopelessly ill and were sent there for the simple reason that there was no one in their own homes to care for them. They either had no relatives or the relatives them- selves were sick at the same time. They could not be left alone and uncared for. It is too bad that the public do not know of the many critical cases sent there that recovered-cases that were on the danger list for days .. In pleasing contrast are the many telephoned and written messages of thanks received almost daily from patients we cared for.
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