USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > Attleboro > Reports of town officers of the town of Attleborough 1923 > Part 5
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DAY CAMP
For a period of six weeks during July and August, a day camp for boys between the ages of eight and fourteen years was maintained by the department, at Briggs Corner. An arrangement was made with the Trustees and Superintendent of the Bristol County Hospital, whereby noonday meals and lunches were furnished the boys at cost, and the site of the camp was on the Hospital farm grounds.
The boys were selected from the group of under-nourished children examined in the public schools. A physical examination was made of each boy before he entered the camp and a record of his condition was kept while in camp. The boys were under the constant supervision of an attendant. Health ideas were taught, and teeth and other defects were corrected. Special attention was paid to matters of rest, diet and exercise. The Health Depart- ment nurse transported the boys to and from the camp daily in the depart- ment automobile, and the health officer and school physician made frequent visits. The expense of maintenance was paid for out of the amount collected from the sale of Christmas Seals in 1922.
All of the boys showed a general improvement in physical condition as a result of this healthful outdoor life properly supervised. An aggregate gain in weight of 36 pounds was made, as shown by the record below.
A committee was organized for the sale of Christmas Seals for 1923, and as a result of its efforts it seems assured that a similar camp may be maintained on a larger scale next year.
It is hoped that this committee will effect a permanent organization next year for the purpose of co-operating with this department each year in its health camp plans.
المتميز.
65
ANNUAL REPORT
RECORD OF BOYS' WEIGHTS AT DAY CAMP
July 14, 1923
July 28, 1923
Aug. 11, 1923
Aug. 25, 1923 Total
Wt.
Nor. Wt.
% Under
Vt.
Wt.
Gain
Loss
Wt.
Gain
Loss
Wt.
Gain
Loss
Gain
A
743/4
89
16.5
78
31/4
793/4
13/4
801/4
21/4
. .
71/4
B
421/2
54
21.2
44
11/2
45
1
451/4
1/4
23/4
C
60
72
16.7
601/2
1/2
621/4
1 3/4
. .
63
3/4
3
D
60
65
7.1
611/2
11/2
631/2
2
. .
64
1/2
4
E
581/2
68
13.9
59
1/2
1/2
481/2
21/2
49
1/2
31/2
G
55
63
12.5
56
1
55
1
56
1
2
H
601/2
72
15.9
621/2
2
64
11/2
. .
65
1
.
I
79
94
15.9
80
1
81
1
811/4
1/4
21/4
J
73
90
18.9
74
1
761/4
21/4
77
3/4
4
Aggregate Gain
1234
151/2
: 73/4
36
TEN MILE RIVER SURVEY
A thorough investigation of this stream shows that it is being badly polluted by the dumping into it of sewage directly from factories on its banks, and indirectly by pollution of drains and of the old sewer which should be used for surface water only. A list of all the sources of pollution of this river by factory and house drainage is nearly prepared, and owners of property responsible for such a condition of affairs will be compelled to connect with the municipal sewer.
Further particulars of the department's activities in this matter will be found in the report of its authorized agent.
THE CITY DUMP
The old dump on Dunham Street, near the Speedway, was discontinued in September, and land north of Benefit Street, with an entrance on Oak Street is now being used for that purpose. An employee of the department is kept on duty in that locality to prevent the nuisance common to such places from annoying the nearby residents. There has been some difficulty in keeping papers from blowing on to the neighboring premises, and com- plaints have been received because of this. . Fires on the dump are also objectionable because of the smoke nuisance and danger to nearby property.
We believe that a satisfactory method of disposal of rubbish in these dumps will never be secured until an incinerator is provided to burn the refuse material, and it is recommended that such an incinerator be purchased for that purpose.
The Superintendent of Public Works has very kindly offered co-opera- tion and advice, which have been of real assistance to this department.
The dumping of street sweepings, ashes and similar refuse at this dump is encouraged, as it is indispensable for use in covering up the other refuse such as papers and other inflammable material. The dumping of decayed fruit, fish and other objectionable refuse, however, will not be permitted at this or any other dump, and action will be taken against individuals who are careless in this respect.
603/4
13/4
.
611/4
23/4
F
451/2
58
21.5
46
. .
.
66
ANNUAL REPORT
The co-operation of merchants and others who use this dump is requested to the extent that papers and similar inflammable refuse be burned in fur- naces on their own premises wherever possible.
GARBAGE COLLECTION
A satisfactory three year contract was made early in the year with Walter H. Follett for the removal of garbage, and the work has been done in a very efficient manner. The complaints that have been received have been as few in number as could possibly have arisen in connection with such work, and they have been promptly remedied by Mr. Follett. The terms of this contract and the stopping of garbage collection in South Attleboro have incidently saved the city several hundred dollars.
CONCLUSION
The Health Officer wishes to take advantage of this opportunity to express his sincere appreciation of the assistance and encouragement given to this department during the year by the citizenship as a whole. The routine work of the Health Department as well as other efforts in disease prevention was made easier of accomplishment by the spirit of co-operation and genuine interest which was always manifest.
The physicians of the city who, after all, are the real guardians. of our health, have rendered aid that will not soon be forgotten. The generous attitude of the Doctors' Club toward the general health program, and in contributing toward the diphtheria prevention work particularly, has been of great value and is hereby acknowledged.
The excellent work of the unofficial local health agencies has been noted, and their apparently earnest desire to be of he.p in disease prevention meets with our sincere approval. While your Health Department endorses and is anxious to support all existing private agencies in their work. it must point out that the single defect at the present time is a lack of co-ordination of the functions of these agencies.
We expect great things from the Central Council of Social Agencies in its endeavor to co-ordinate and to make more useful the work of the unofficial agencies by securing team work.
There is a close relationship between the medical inspection of schools and the work of this department. It has been our policy to work with the school .physician and to render support and assistance to him at every oppor- tunity. Close co-operation between the two departments, we believe, has been of mutual advantage.
The most important phase of all health administration, aside from the actual prevention of the spread of communicable diseases, is the problem of bringing about the recognition of abnormal physical conditions in individuals at the earliest possible time-at the very beginning, and to this end, and that the public health may receive proper protection, all persons are advised to consult their family physicians often, even when apparently well. The results of such individual efforts toward health conservation will result in the elimination of many cases of unnecessary illnesses and deaths. To quote Charles W. Eliot, "To promote health in the individual, the family, and the community, should be the constant aim of every good citizen in the American democracy."
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM O. HEWITT, Health Officer
67
ANNUAL REPORT
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Chlorination of our municipal water supply.
2. Investigation of probable future need of additional sources of water supply.
3. Appropriation to provide for expenses of maintaining the Tubercu- losis and Schick Test Clinics which will include a small salary for the assistant at the Tuberculosis Clinic.
4. Appropriation for employment of a Dental Hygienist in the schools.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM O. HEWITT,
Health Officer.
HEALTH AND SANITATION
Estimate of Appropriation for 1924
Health Officer's Salary
Laboratory Maintenance.
$100 00
School Dentist.
600 00
Clerk
468 00
Inspector of Milk.
850 00
Care of Dump
624 00
Garbage Removal
1,500 00
Inspector of Slaughtering
600 00
Inspector of Animals.
300 00
Inspector of Plumbing.
300 00
Nursing and Care at Home.
500 00
State Sanatoria.
8,500 00
Fees other cities and towns.
500 00
Physician Fees.
50 00
Rent and Light.
180 00
Incidentals .
400 00
Health Department Nurse.
1,500 00
Dental Hygiene
750 00
Automobile
400 00
T. B. and Diphtheria Prevention Clinics.
300 00
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM O. HEWITT,
Health Officer.
68
ANNUAL REPORT
MORTUARY REPORT BY MONTHS
AGES.
No. of Deaths
Female
Male
Under 1 yr.
1 to 2 yrs.
2 to 3 yrs.
3 to 4 yrs.
4 to 5 yrs.
5 to 10 yrs.
10 to 15 yrs.
15 to 20 yrs.
20 to 30 yrs.
30 to 40 yrs.
40 to 50 yrs.
50 to 60 yrs.
60 to 70 yrs.
70 to 80 yrs.
Over 80 yrs.
January
33
17
16
4
1
1
1
2
3
3
A
7
5
February
24
15
0
ci
1
2
4
2
3
4
March
25
13
12
4
2
4
3
1
6
5
April
27
12
15
5
1
1
1
4
6
7
2
May
24
OC
16
3
3
1
1
1
3
2
4
4
June
21
00
13
5
3
4
2
3
1
3
July
19
0
10
1
4
5
4
3
2
September
18
0
0
2
1
1
2
2
1
4
5
October
19
11
8
2
1
2
4
2
6
2
November
15
6
0
3
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
December
22
10
12
1
4
6
5
4 2
Total
263 123 140 34
3 5 3 3 1 6 22 13 31 32 51 35 24
August
16
5
=
4
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
U
nl
2
69
ANNUAL REPORT
INFANT MORTALITY
Classification of Deaths Under One Year
TOTAL
Male
Female
Under 1 day
1 day
1 to 2 days
2 to 3 days
3 days to 1 wk.
1 to 2 weeks
2 to 3 weeks
3 wks. to 1 mo.
1 to 2 mos.
2 to 3 mos.
3 to 6 mos.
6 to 9 mos.
9 to 12 mos.
January
4
2
2
1
1 1
2
February
3
2
1
1
1
1
March
4
2
2
1
1
1
April
5
4
1
3
1
1
May
1
1
1
June
5
3
2
3
2
July
0
August
4
3
1
2
1
1
September
2
1
1
1
1
October
1
1
1
November
3
2
1
2 1
December
0
Measles
1
1
Lobar Pneumonia.
3
2 1
Acute Bronchitis
1
Asphyxia
1
1
1
1
Congenital Heart Disease. .
1
1
Premature Birth
4
5
1
2
Abscess left Antrum.
1
1
Malnutrition
1
1
Cranial Haemorrhage
1
1
Chronic Enteritis
1
1
Convulsions
1
1
Cholera Infantum
1
1
Entero Colitis
1
1
Inanition
1
1
Uraemia
1
1
Marasmus
1
1
Gastro Enteritis
1
1
Spasmophilia
1
1
Respiratory Failure
1
1
Toxemia
1
1
1
Cause Unknown
Patulous Foramen Ovale .. .
1
6
70
ANNUAL REPORT
CAUSES OF DEATH, 1923
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
Abscess of Antrum
1
1
Accidental Burns
1 2
1
1
5
Acute Ascending Paralysis
1
1
Acute Intestinal Obstruction
-
1
Alcoholism
1
1
Angina Pectoris
1
1
1
3
Arterio Sclerosis
1
311
3
0
Asphyxia
1
Asthenia
1
1
Bladder, disease of.
1
1
1
Bronchial Pneumonia
2
2
1
1
1
7
Bronchitis, Acute
2
1
3
Bronchitis, Chronic
1
1
2
Cancer
4
3
1
1
2
3
2 143 1
1
26
Cause unknown
1
1
2
Cerebral Haemorrhage
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
4 2 1
2
22
Chorea
1
1
Cholera Infantum
1
1
Chronic Enteritis
1
1
Convulsions
1
1
Cranial Haemorrhage
1
1
Diabetes Mellitus
1
1
1
3
Duodenal Ulcer
1
1
Endocarditis
1
1
Entero-Colitis
1
1
Erysipelas
1
1
Fracture, compound
1
1
Fracture of skull.
1
1
1
3
Gastric Ulcer, perforated.
1
1
2
Gastritis
1
1
Gastro-Enteritis
1
1
Graves Disease
1
1
Heart Disease
2 1 2
1
1
2 1
1
1
1
3
16
Heart Disease, congenital.
1
1
Hodgkins' Disease
1
1
Inanition
1
Influenza
1
1
2
2
1
1
8
Lobar Pneumonia
2
3
2
2
1
1
11
Lymphatic Leukaemia
1
1
Malnutrition
1
1
Marasmus
1
2
Appendicitis
2
1
1
Brain Tumor
Cardio-renal disease
1
2
3
1
1
Eclampsia
1
71
ANNUAL REPORT
CAUSES OF DEATH, 1923 (Con.)
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December Total
Measles
1
1
Meningitis
1
1
Myocarditis, chronic
3
1
1
212
1
1
12
Myocarditis, acute
1
1
Nephritis, chronic
1
5
3
2
1
1
1
3
17
Nephritis, acute
1
1
1
1
4
Ovarian Cyst
1
1
Patulous Foramen Ovale.
1
1
1
2
Peritonitis
1
1
2
Pistol Shot of Head.
1
1
Pistol Shot Wound.
1
1
Premature birth
2 2
3
2
9
Pulmonary Embolism
1
1
Pyosalpinx
1
1 1
Rheumatic Arthritis
1
1
2
Septicaemia
1
1
1
3
Spasmophilia
1
1
Strangulation, accidental
1
1
Strangulated hernia
2
?
Suicide
1
1
2
Tubercular Arthritis
1
1
Tubercular Meningitis
1
1
2
Tuberculosis, Miliary
1
1
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
4
226 2 12 5 2 21
29
Uraemia
2
2
4
Total
263
Still Births
0
1
1 2
Pulmonary Oedema
Respiratory Failure
1
2
Pernicious Anaemia
1
Toxaemia
1
1
72
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
Cases
Deaths
0
0
4
0)
2
0)
65
0
0
1
0
4
1
1
2
January
00
0
4
0
6
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
10
0
0
0
14
0
2
0
0)
0
31
2
7
2
March
0
0
1
0)
14
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
0)
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
C
0
May
0
0
1
0
10
6
0)
0
2
0
1 0
0
1
0
1
0
4
0
0)
0
0 0
0 =
0 0
0 0
0 0
0)
0
0
July
0
0
3
1
6
1
0
0
0
0)
1
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0)
0
0
0
0)
0
0)
0
0
0
August
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0)
7
2
4
0
1
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0)
0
0
23
0
0
0)
1
1
1
1
1
1
November
0
0
0
0
4
2
1
0) 0
1
0 0 0
1 0 3
0
54
0
00
0 116
1
31
0
2
0
75
8
18
11
1
0)
0
0)
a
1
4
December
1
C
A
4 85 29
13
0
7
Totals
DEATHS FROM CONTAGIOUS DISEASES REPORTED BY MONTHS FOR THE YEAR 1923
Encephalitis Lethargica
Other Forms of
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
Scarlet Fever
Typhoid Fever
Chicken Pox
Whooping Cough
Measles
Mumps
Ophthalmia
Influenza
Lobar
Pneumonia
ANNUAL REPORT
2 0 0
0
0
June
0
0
0
0
00
2
0
0)
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
4
0
2
April
0)
0
0
0)
12
2
0
0
1
0
1
.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases, Non-resident, 47
.
0
2
2
3
0
February
.
0)
0 0
36
1
3
3
0
0
23
1 0)
0)
0)
0
0
.
1
0
October
a
0
0
C
0) 0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0) 0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
7
5
2
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
2
0 0 0
0
0
0 3
0 0
0
1
1
2
2
September
0
0
5
2.
.
73
ANNUAL REPORT
REPORT OF THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT NURSE
To Dr. W. O. Hewitt, Health Officer, Attleboro, Mass .:
SIR :
I hereby submit my first annual report of activities as Health Department Nurse.
I feel that the work accomplished in the department this year has produced very satisfactory results. The tuberculosis clinic is growing and it is gratifying indeed to note the many new patients who are now regular attendants. Through the co-operation of the Associated Charities, School Physician and School Nurse several of these new cases were called to my attention.
During six weeks of the school vacation a Day Camp was conducted at Briggs Corner on the farm grounds of the Bristol County Hospital. The ten boys chosen for this day camp were selected from the school clinics. Individual attention was given each boy, with results that prove the need of the establishment of a larger health camp the coming season. It is sincerely hoped that this will be made possible through the sale of Christmas Seals in December, 1923.
In briefly outlining this work ,gifts and kindnesses of several of our citizens assisted very materially and were greatfully appreciated.
A great deal of time was devoted to the Schick Test clinics held every Wednesday and Saturday at the Sturdy Memorial Hospital. At the beginning of this campaign for diphtheria prevention, September 16, 1923, several clinics were held in the different schools from week to week.
STATISTICAL REPORT ON TUBERCULOSIS WORK
Number of Tuberculosis cases supervised. 183
Number of new Tuberculosis Cases. 31
Number of Tuberculosis Cases left town. 1
Number of Tuberculosis Cases arrested. 2
Number of Tuberculosis Cases sent to Sanitorium .. 25
Number of Tuberculosis Cases sent to Private Sanitorium.
2
Number of positive Tuberculosis Cases referred by school nurse ..
3
Number of Deaths.
15
Number of Tuberculosis Clinics held from May 1st.
38
Number of cases sent to Dr. Webb for care of teeth.
11
Number of home calls made on patients from May 15, 1923 to January 1, 1924.
580
The provision made in June, whereby the use of the Health Depart- ment car was made available, has greatly aided the Health Nurse in efficiently carrying out her duties. By its use a greater number of home calls have been made than would have been the case under the previous transportation facilities. Cases of contagious diseases were promptly attended, patients were carried to the Sanitorium, under-weight children were carried daily to the Health Camp during the summer months and numerous home visits were made possible by the use of this automobile.
Respectfully submitted,
HELEN M. LOGAN, R. N. Health Department Nurse.
74
ANNUAL REPORT
HEALTH DEPARTMENT LABORATORY Attleboro, Massachusetts
December 31, 1923.
William O. Hewitt, M.D., Health Officer, Attleboro, Massachusetts:
SIR :
I herewith submit my sixth annual report as Inspector of Milk and Authorized Agent of the Health Department of the City of Attleboro for the year ending December 31, 1923.
The laboratory procedure used this year has been the same as that of past years. The technique used has been the standard methods approved and recommended by the American Public Health Association.
The present problems facing the American farmer are mainly economic. Nothing of great benefit can be done unless these factors are given their due consideration. Health Department regulations cannot do what economic factors can do. All regulations are inhibitory. A farmer will not sell a high grade milk unless the buying public pays the price. A buying public will not pay a price for milk, the quality of which is uncertain. Graded milk will exact its own returns more justly than will an ungraded milk.
Properly pasteurized milk is milk plus insurance against pathogenic organisms. It is the only safe milk marketed. I challenge anyone to present evidence from the faculties of my medical school or daily depart- ment of an agricultural college in the country to the contrary! It is the duty of the Health Department to supervise most assiduously the tech- nique used in a pasteurization plant. This, I feel safe to say, has been done here. We have only one pasteurizing plant in the city, namely, the Bristol Farms, Inc. On several occasions during the year I have visited this establishment. I have also visited every producer furnishing them with milk. I have made several recommendations to those concern and (with one minor exception) everyone has been carried out. Samples for bacteriological analysis have been taken frequently throughout the year. The bacteria count of this milk indicates the procedure taken.
Another means of improving the sanitary qualities of milk is by tuberculin testing. This test determines the tuberculous cow. By elimi- nating this animal from milk production it takes from the list of diseases spread through milk one of much importance, namely bovine tuberculosis. Today it is undisputed by sanitarians that this disease is highly con- tractable by man. Most forms of tuberculosis, other than pulmonary, are of, or can be of bovine origin. It must be borne in mind, however, that this test goes only part way toward eliminating'communicable dis- eases spread through milk. It does not protect the consumer against diseases of human origin that can be and are communicated through milk. As a sanitary measure it is not to be denied that this test is a benefit. There are many cities and towns throughout the United States that require by ordinance that milk be pasteurized, or, at least, as a secondary precaution, that cows furnishing milk be tuberculin tested. I refer you to the 1922 report of the Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service to the Secretary of the Treasury for information regarding this matter.
75
ANNUAL REPORT
Samples of milk have been taken frequently throughout the year for both chemical and bacteriological analyses. It has been my policy to keep the dealer guessing, so to speak, as to when samples are taken. Each day that a dealer distributes milk his product is subject to inspection.
More attention has been given to dairy inspections this year than any year since I have been in charge of this work. Such frequent inspec- tions have been made possible through the addition of a Ford automobile to this department. In every case where improvements were thought to be needed the same were requested of the dairyman in writing. In nearly every case where requests have been made the same have been courteously complied with. It certainly would have been worthy of note, if it were possible to have compiled the expenses incurred by the numer- ous dairymen in carrying out our suggestions, to have same included in this report. Such a figure would show to what extent our various dealers have endeavored to meet with our requests. Some of the more common requests made at various times throughout the year have been :
Screening against flies. Purchasing of additional equipment. Better milk storage facilities. Installation of wash rooms. Whitewashing the barn.
Removal of manure. Removal of privy vaults. Keeping cows cleaner. Straining of milk. Cooling of milk.
On two different occasions milk licenses and producer's permits were revoked for failure to comply with the requirements made regarding unsanitary conditions of these dairies.
Form letters were sent on three different occasions to all producers and dealers. One was in regard to the use of other dairymen's bottles. On failure to meet the request of this letter, four licenses were tem- porarily suspended, and one warning was sent. Conditions have been very well improved in regard to misusing other dealers' bottles. Yet, the mixing of bottles will always be a trouble with which the milkmen will have to contend until some means are taken by them to remedy this trouble. The establishment of a bottle exchange would greatly relieve this difficulty, but it is for the dairymen to establish their own clearing house. Such an organization depends entirely on their mutual co- operation.
A second form letter was sent in regard to dealers posting their business name, address and license number on their vehicles. Practically every dairyman complied with this request immediately.
A third letter was sent in regard to a proposed regulation effective next April, concerning the cooling of milk by ice. Such a regulation is a necessary one for the reason that improper cooling of milk is one of three factors responsible for a high bacteria count-the other two factors being sediment content and age of the milk. There has never been any attention given to this factor because no effective regulation pertained thereto. Insistence by this department on a milk delivered to consumers cooled by ice will mean a lower bacteria count.
Considerable time has been spent by me this year revising the regu- lations of the department-particularly the regulations relating to milk. The task is no easy one. This revision goes without argument for the
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ANNUAL REPORT
reason that we have never had regulations adaptable to our local needs, since the present regulations are nothing other than the Health Regula- tions furnished by the United States Public Health Service to munici- palities too inert to frame their own. Regulations must be applicable to local conditions. Never have all of these rules fitted our community.
On several occasions this year I assisted farmers who were faced with problems which they could not solve. One farmer had an eqidemic of ropy milk. After much time was spent by me analyzing the various possible causes that could bring about this condition, I traced the cause to infected food stuffs which the dairyman was feeding his cattle. The difficulty was immediately remedied. Another farmer suffered from another kind of infectious milk, and after investigation the trouble was remedied. On numerous occasions I have analyzed well water for dairy- men, for the purpose of determining pollution. Where wells have been found to be polluted, they have been prohibited as sources of water supply.
No epidemics have occurred this year that were directly attributable to Attleboro's milk supply. This fortunate state of affairs is coincident with the same favorable conditions of past years.
Last year I expressed in my report wishes for the day when physical examinations would be required of milk dealers. Within the past year, some cities have made such regulations, and most notable the city of Detroit.
Thanks of the department are extended to the dealers as a body for the hearty co-operation they have given us during the past year. I say this in no way to add more to this report than what should appear ! Generally speaking, the milk dealers here are honest men endeavoring to do their best. Their business is one that requires their attention every day in the year. They serve us with a commodity which we certainly cannot do without-a food which is well worth the small mite they receive.
As inspector of milk, I have also performed other duties connected with that office. The following chemical and bacteriological analyses have been made by me, namely :
Ice Cream. Vinegar. Water. Butter. Cream. Oleomargerine.
Coloring Matter for Candy.
Milk licenses and producer's permits have been issued to those dealers who have met with the satisfaction of this department. All con- plaints regarding milk and other above named products were investigated by me, and unsatisfactory conditions remedied.
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