USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Maynard > The annals of Sudbury, Wayland and Maynard, Middlesex County, Massachusetts > Part 23
USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Sudbury > The annals of Sudbury, Wayland and Maynard, Middlesex County, Massachusetts > Part 23
USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wayland > The annals of Sudbury, Wayland and Maynard, Middlesex County, Massachusetts > Part 23
USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Sudbury > The annals of Sudbury, Wayland, and Maynard, Middlesex County, Massachusetts > Part 23
USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wayland > The annals of Sudbury, Wayland, and Maynard, Middlesex County, Massachusetts > Part 23
USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Maynard > The annals of Sudbury, Wayland, and Maynard, Middlesex County, Massachusetts > Part 23
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CHANGES IN THE OCCUPANTS OF OLD HOMESTEADS.
In all parts of Wayland real estate has to a large extent changed owners in the last few years, and a corresponding change has occurred in the inhabitants. Old families that inher- ited their farms as heirlooms, and upon the roofs of whose houses the moss of many years had gathered, have died or removed from town, and their estates have passed into the hands of strangers, many of whom are foreigners. In the north part these changes are especially apparent. Fifty years ago the locality about Sherman's Bridge, then known as "Sheep End." was largely owned and occupied by families of the name of Sherman. This name was onee prominent in eeelesiastical and political affairs, but there are few now bearing it in town.
In the neighborhood of the " Plain," also, marked changes have oeeurred. A half een- tury ago the Draper family owned most of the real estate in this section. In the north- easterly part of it was the farm of Ira Draper. Mr. Draper was energetic in all his business,
THE IRA DRAPER HOMESTEAD,
WAYLAND.
See page 97.
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
and prominently connected with the formation of the Congregational Church of Wayland and the erection of its house of worship. James Draper, an elder brother, was a prominent citizen, and active in affairs of town and church, as is stated in another place. (See biographical sketch.)
Various changes have taken place on the " Island " within a half century. This tract of territory, at times wholly surrounded by water, was within a hundred years largely in the possession of the Heard family. Here, to a large extent, the generations of Heards who for years wielded a wide influence in Wayland were born. Here was the home of Col. David Heard, at one time colonel of the militia, trial justice, and state senator. Here was the birth- place of Horace Heard, who for years was a deputy sheriff of Middlesex county, and once represented the district in the General Court. On the westerly side was the homestead of Abel Heard, a soldier of 1812. After his decease the estate was purchased by Mr. Bucking- ham, a business man of Boston, who has changed its appearance somewhat ; but the magnifi- cent elms, through whose branches the winds of many a winter have swept, still outstretch their friendly arms to shelter the inmates of the old homestead, the transient traveller, and the visitor to the beautiful pond near by.
At the present time not a male inhabitant by the name of Heard is left among their former habitations. One by one they have left their quiet dwellings, and on the old burying ground by the hillside is here and there a monument or weather-beaten stone that suggests how numerous the family once was in town.
Changes have also taken place at the westerly extremity of the town beyond the Sud- bury River, at what was anciently known as the "Gravel Pit." A great many years ago there was located here a tavern, a store, a schoolhouse, and a blacksmith's shop. This place was designated as a convenient one on which to locate a new meeting house for the better accommodation of the whole township, at the time of the controversy relating to the division of the town into the east and west precincts. Had this occurred, it might have prevented the formation of two precincts, and at the "Gravel Pit" might have been the central village, and the town remained undivided.
The changes that have occurred in the south part have been mentioned in another place. A fine residence was lately erected near Cochituate Lake, on the Simpson estate, and is now owned by the widow of the late Michael Simpson, proprietor of the Saxonville mills. The grounds are called " Evangeline Park." These grounds have many woody paths and roads, which afford pleasant walks and drives.
SCHOOLS.
The schools at the present time are known as the Wayland High and Grammar, Centre Primary, North, Rutter, Thomas, Lokerville, Cochituate High and Grammar, Cochituate Intermediate, Cochituate Primaries (1, 2, and 3).
About fifty years ago the Centre School was moved from the little brick school-house, which had been standing since 1808 at the southwest corner of the old Common (see p. 57), to the rear room, on the ground floor, in what is now the old town house. Later, this school was divided, a part of the scholars going to the school located on the road extending between the present Wellington and Parmenter places, and a part going to the " Rutter " School.
The first of these schools was formerly kept in a small building near the Baldwin house. This was one of five brick school-houses built between 1799 and 1808. It was sold to James Draper, and a wooden one erected near the present Lombard house, which was moved to its present location in 1843. Previous to the last removal it was called the "Street School:" now it is the "Centre Primary." At this school-house stands a flag-staff, a flag
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
having been presented by George Eli Sherman, Jan. 7, 1890, a former resident of the town and pupil of the school.
In 1799 a brick school-house was erected in the "Rutter" district. This was succeeded by a wooden one. The location was on a road called the " Lane," which extended from the Rutter place to Cochituate, easterly of Perkins' Hill. In 1853 it was moved to its present location, about an eighth of a mile southerly of the Boston and Worcester county road, on the road that extends from it to the Rutter place.
The people of Wayland have always set a high value on educational privileges. More than fifty years ago a school was kept for young ladies in the chapel of the Congregational Church by Miss Caroline Gleason. In 1839 a private school, called the Wayland Academy, was opened in the same place by Leonard P. Frost and his sister, Anna P. Frost. Classes were heard in the " Green Store." Vocal and instrumental music and the languages were taught by young men residing in town. Very soon the school was removed to the Town Hall, scholars came from the surrounding towns, and the number of pupils at one time was over a hundred. This school, though popular, was short lived. About 1842 a school of the same grade was taught by Miss Ana Brown in the same place. Some very successful teachers went ont from these schools.
In 1854 a high school building was erected at the centre, on the road to Cochituate, a little southerly of the Orthodox Congregational Church. With the erection of this building was established a high grade of school on a permanent basis. The first principal was Erastus N. Fay, a graduate of Dartmouth College; the second, Mr. DeWitt, who was followed by John Hudson of Lexington. The first lady principal was Miss L. R. Draper, a graduate of New Hampton Seminary, and formerly principal of the Wadsworth Academy, South Sud- bury, and assistant in the Free Academy, Norwich, Conn. During the time of her adminis tration the school advanced steadily in numbers and scholarship, and obtained a strong hold on the interest and affection of the pupils, among whom was a large class of young men and women who have since become responsible and useful members of society. On the school board at this time were Hon. Edward Mellen and Dr. Edmund H. Sears. For a series of years after this the school was composed of a younger class of pupils, and the studies did not range so high ; but latterly the school has improved in this respect, so that for three years there has been a regular graduating class.
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
The verbal proposition of Dr. Wayland to give the town five hundred dollars towards establishing a free library, provided the inhabitants would raise a like amount, was made to IIon. Edward Mellen, on commencement day at Brown University, R.I., 1847.
The proposition was submitted in writing to the citizens of Wayland, at a public meet- ing hield Jan. 17, 1848. At the same meeting Mr. J. S. Draper was appointed as an agent to solicit the sum required to secure the proffered gift. Two hundred and eight persons responded to the call, and the sum was raised by Feb. 10, 1848. The same year a room was prepared on the front lower floor of the old town house, where the books were deposited, and Aug. 7, 1850, the new library was opened to the public. In 1861 the number of books having so increased that the old quarters were inconveniently small, the lower room in the same building, that had been used for school purposes, was fitted up for a library, and the books transferred to it.
December, 1878, the books were removed to the commodious room prepared for them in the new Town Hall. At that time the number of volumes was 7,485, and the number in circulation was 519. Mr. Henry Wight served as librarian during the first fifteen years,
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
and was succeeded in 1865 by Mr. J. S. Draper, who held the position till within a few years, since which time this service has been performed by Mrs. John Heard.
In this library are some rare old books, among which are three folio volumes in old style type, bearing on the titlepage the words " London, 1673," and containing inside the covers, in manuscript, the following words : -
These practical works of the late Reyd anl pious Mr. Richard Baxter, in four volumes, folio, are given in sheets by the Hon. Samuel Holden, Esq., of London ; and are bound at the charge of Mr. Samuel Sewell of Boston, merchant, for the use of the Church and Congregation in the East Precinct of the town of Sudbury, now under the care of the Rev. Mr. Cook, by the direction and disposal of the Rev. Mr. Benj. Colman, Pastor of a church in Boston.
Boston, July 19, 1731.
The library is adorned by life-size portraits of Rev. Francis Wayland, D.D., Rev. John B. Wight, Hon. Edward Mellen, Rev. Edmund H. Sears. D. D., Ebenezer Ames, M.D., Mrs. Lydia Maria Child, and Dea. James Draper, and by life-size busts of William H. Prescott, Louis Agassiz, and William E. Channing, - all of which were donated to the library. The whole number of volumes in the year 1889-90, according to the librarian's report, was 11,- 095, and the whole number in circulation was 6,081.
INDIAN RELICS.
In the library is a valuable collection of Indian relics gathered from various sources by Mr. James S. Draper, and tastefully arranged and labelled. The collection consists in part of arrow and spear heads, stone tomahawks or axes. and specimens of the rude instruments made by the aborigines for domestic or culinary purposes. Some of these specimens are quite perfect; others show the marks of age or misuse, either before or after coming into the hands of the finder. The collection is sufficient to indicate that the Indian was possessed of some ingenuity, and also that many of his race once roamed these fields and had their abodes here.
For further facts about the Indians see pp. 66 and 67.
COLLEGE GRADUATES.
The following list contains the names of persons from Sudbury and East Sudbury who graduated at Harvard University before the year 1800. Those designated by one star are known to have been from the east side ; those designated by two stars are supposed to have been from the east side : -
Date of Graduation. 1720
Profession.
Samuel Jennison *
Teacher.
Noyes Parris **
1721
William Brintnall **
1721
Teacher.
Thomas Frink
1722
Clergyman.
John Loring
1729
Jonathan Loring
1738
Teacher.
William Cook **
1748
Teacher.
William Baldwin **
1748
Gideon Richardson
1749
Clergyman.
Samuel Baldwin **
1752
Jude Damon *
1776
Clergyman.
Aaron Smith *
1777
Teacher.
Ephraim Smith *
1777
Merchant.
Reuben Puffer
1778
Clergyman.
Jacob Bigelow
Physician.
Phinehas Johnson
1799
Studied theology and law.
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
The following are the names of college graduates from East Sudbury and Wayland since the year 1800 : -
Date of Graduation.
Profession.
Joseph Adams
(H.U., 1805)
Lawyer.
David Damon
(H.U., 1811)
Clergyman.
Seth Damon
(II.U., 1811)
('lergyman.
Josialı Rutter
(H.U., 1833)
Lawyer.
Norwood Damon
(II.U., 1833)
('lergyman.
Gardner Rice .
(Wesleyan Univ., 1834)
Clergyman.
Elbridge Smith
(H.U., 1841)
Teacher.
Abner Rice
(Y.C., 1844)
Teaeher.
Franklin F. Heard
(H.U., 1848)
Lawyer.
Benjamin D. Frost
(College of New Jersey)
Civil Engineer.
Edward Frost
(H.U., 1850)
Civil Engineer.
Edwin H. Heard
(B.U., 1851)
Joseph R. Draper
(W.C., 1851)
Physician.
Jared M. Heard
(B.U., 1853)
Clergyman.
Edward T. Danon
(H.U., 1857)
Frank W. Draper
(B.U., 1862)
Physician.
Joshna Mellen
(B.U., 1862)
Merchant.
Arthur G. Bennett .
(W.C., 1869)
Merchant.
Fred M. Stone
(Wesleyan University)
Left College before gradnation.
WAYLAND CENTRE, 1890.
In addition to what has been given in the historical narrative, a few more facts about Wayland Centre as it is, may be of value. The place at present has two grocery and dry goods stores, a blacksmith's and wheelwright's shop, a livery stable, and a store or shop for the sale and repair of boots and shoes. There are two resident lawyers, - Richard T. Lombard and Daniel Bracket. The former has been the town clerk for several years. Besides giving attention to his law business, Mr. Lombard is also engaged in the culture of flowers. He has quite an extensive green-house, which is situated on his farm by the road from Wayland to Sudbury, about a half mile from the railroad station.
In addition to the religious services held in the churches on Sunday, a service has recently been started by the Roman Catholics in the old town hall.
At Wayland Centre and its vicinity are some excellent farms, which are well kept and very productive.
The village contains three or four dozen dwelling-houses, and all or nearly all of them are owned by their occupants. The streets are well supplied with shade trees, and in some places the broad branches of the elms almost overshadow the entire highway. Outside the village the country is dotted with pleasant farm houses, more or less of which are old home- steads, where dwell a thrifty people.
ORDER OF EXERCISES AT THE TOWN HALL DEDICATION, Dee. 24, 1878. Music. - Coehituate Brass Band. Introductory Address. - James Sumner Draper, President of the Day. Voeal Music. - Select Choir. Delivery of the Keys. - H. B. Braman, Chairman of Building Committee. Reception of the Same. - Dr. C. H. Boodey, Chairman of the Board of Seleetmen.
Music. - Band. Dedieatory Prayer. - Rev. E. L. Chase. Vocal Musie.
Address. - Elbridge Smith, Principal of the Dorchester High School, a Native of Wayland. Singing. - Old Hundred, by the Audience. Benediction. - Rev. T. A, Merrill.
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
SEMI-CENTENNIAL SERVICES OF THE EVANGELICAL TRINITARIAN CHURCH.
On May 21, 1878, the fiftieth anniversary of the formation of the Evangelical Trintarian Church was celebrated by commemorative services at its meeting house. The semi-centennial sermon was preached by the pastor, Rev. Truman Allen Merrill, from Psalms xlviii. 12-14, during the morning session ; and after an ample collation, at noon, the exercises were resumed, and remarks were made by the following Congregational ministers: Revs. E. Dowse, S. D. Hosmer, H. M. Grout, G. A. Oviatt, H. J. Richardson, E. E. Strong, F. N. Peloubet, L. R. Eastman, Jr., C. Jones, A. S. Hudson. Other speakers were Rev. Mr. Chase, of the Methodist Church, Dea. Thomas Hurlbut, of Sudbury, Mr. John N. Sherman, Mr. S. A. Holton, and Dea. Eben Eaton, of Framingham, who was a delegate to the council that organized the church fifty years before.
The day passed pleasantly with the reassembled friends of the church. A hymn was sung which was written for the occasion by Miss Lucy A. Lee, and letters from former pastors and friends were read by Joseph A. Roby.
REPAIRS AND RE-DEDICATION OF THE MEETING HOUSE OF THE EVANGELICAL TRINITARIAN CHURCH.
In 1883 extensive repairs were made on the meeting house of the Orthodox Church, and Jan. 1, 1884, the building was re-dedicated. The repairs cost $2,881.71, and some of the improvements consisted in the putting in of a furnace, new windows, new pews, new pulpit and pulpit furniture, a change of the organ from the front to the rear of the building, and the making of an entrance from the rear of the church to the chapel, painting, frescoing, recarpeting, &c.
The dedication service consisted in part of a dedicatory sermon, preached by Rev. Dr. R. R. Meredith, of Boston, and dedicatory prayer by Rev. D. W. Kilburn, of Boston. Both of the foregoing occasions were of an exceedingly interesting character, and brought together many of the friends of the church, among whom were some who were associated with it in work and worship many years before.
REMODELLING OF THE UNITARIAN MEETING HOUSE.
In 1850 the Unitarian meeting house was remodelled. The pulpit and galleries were removed, and a new or upper floor was laid, on which an audience room was finished. A music gallery was constructed which fronted the pulpit, a mahogany pulpit was provided, the windows were lengthened, and the walls and ceiling frescoed. The aisles were also changed, and the old pews were reset, grained, and furnished with cushions. The lower floor was used as a vestry, and afforded room for other purposes. A piano was placed in the vestry for Sunday school and other uses, and in 1866 a new organ was placed in the audience room at a cost of $1,000.
SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL.
This is a royal octavo volume of four hundred and fifty pages, which contains outline sketches of Wayland soldiers. There are in the book seventy sketches of soldiers and marines, and an appendix containing the actions of the town relating to the war. It was prepared by James S. Draper, a lifelong citizen of Wayland, and was published by the town. . The completion of the work was celebrated Jan. 5, 1871, at the Methodist Episcopal Church, Cochituate. Every seat in the building was occupied, and the assembly was presided over by J. C. Butterfield. A hymn written by the author of the book was read by Miss Butter-
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
field, and remarks were made by several speakers, among whom were Col. Nutt, of Natiek, and Col. John Hudson, of Lexington. The audience was then addressed by Mr. Draper, and a copy of the book presented to each soldier present, and also to the families of those deeeasd. The soldiers, in recognition of Mr. Draper's services in setting forth their military experience, presented to him a gold-headed eane. The presentation speech was made by Miss Moore, of Cochituate.
PERMANENT FUNDS OF WAYLAND.
The older funds of Wayland in aid of the deserving poor (ealled " Donation funds " ) originated, first, by the will of Peter Noyes, Esq., dated Jan. 6. 1697; second, by the will of Capt. Joshua Haynes, Sept. 18, 1747; and, third, by the will of Miss Mary Dean, Jan. 9, 1767. All these donors were citizens of Sudbury before it was divided.
Miss Dean's gift was solely in aid of the poor on the east side of the river. The other two being for the whole town, they were equally divided between Sudbury and East Sudbury in 1780.
Wayland's present permanent investment of the old " Donation fund " is 81,300.
The " Allen fund " of 81,000, in aid of the poor who have beeome chargeable to the town as paupers, was the gift of Mrs. Nabby A. Draper and her sister, Miss Debby Allen, in 1854.
The " Draper fund " of $500, for the benefit of the " Wayland Free Publie Library," was presented to the town by Dea. James Draper in 1863.
The "Child fund " of $100, left to the town by the will of Mrs. Lydia Maria Child in 1880, is also for the library.
The " Loker fund for the relief of the poor in Wayland" was a bequest of Beulah (Loker) Livingston, joined with her sister, Fanny (Loker) Leadbetter, natives of the town, and danghter of Ebenezer (Senior) and Betsy Loker; as a memorial of whom the fund is bequeathed.
At the age of 68.
.....
..... ...
....
MRS, NABBY A. DRAPER,
THE SHOE BUSINESS AND ITS
GROWTH AT COCHITUATE.
THE SHOE BUSINESS AND ITS GROWTH AT COCHITUATE.
As the prosperity of Cochituate has been largely identified with the manufacture of shoes, some facts concerning the past and present of this business are of importance in con- nection with the town's history. In the early times shoes were less worn than they are now. Moccasins and leggins may in part have formed a substitute. These could be made at the fireside, and the material be of the skins of wild animals and home-spun cloth. The flexible material of which these coverings were made was perhaps more convenient to wear with snow-shoes than leather would have been. In the warm season it was the practice to go barefoot, and children have followed this custom in later times. Even in the first quarter of the present century it was not uncommon for the youth of both sexes to carry their shoes in their hands till within a short distance of the meeting house on Sunday before putting them on. From very early times we hear of carpenters and blacksmiths, but no mention is made of shoemakers on the town records.
After shoemaking became a trade and the shoemaker a professional craftsman, he some- times plied his avocation by what was called " whipping the cat; " that is, he would go around from house to house in an itinerant way mending and making the shoes of the family, each householder having in readiness the material to be used. After a time the shoe shop was established, where young men went and served an apprenticeship, and to which work came in from the surrounding country. Next to the village inn and grist-inill, the shoe shop was a favorite resort for social chat on a wet day or winter's night. People would get their leather tanned at the village tannery and carry the "side " to the shoemaker and have it made up to order. The work until into the present century was all sewed and of a style quite unlike that of the present. The upper to the boot was not " crimpt," but made with a "tongue," as it was called. Pegs were not used, the " upper" was sewed or " whipped " to the inner sole, and the outer sole was sewed with a stout waxed-end to a welt which was first made fast to the inner sole. The first pegs were home or hand-made,
and the shoemaker drove them into the shoe, as it was held to his knee by a leather strap. The low shoe bench was used at that time, and the workman sat bending over his work with lasts at his feet and his tools at his side; and it was an easy thing to " take up his kit and start" for other quarters. At this stage of the business the lap-stone was used. This was a common flat stone of convenient size to place on the knees or lap, and on this he hammered his stock. The edge of the sole was pared with a knife and smoothed with a fragment of glass, and the uppers were sewed with a rude " clamp " made perhaps of common staves held together by his knees. The shoemaker made his own wax for his "waxed-ends," which he pointed with the bristles brought to the shop by the farmer boy and sold for a penny a bunch.
In after years new tools and conveniences came into use. Machine pegs began to be made. These pegs could be bought by the quart at a cheap rate; and sewed work, because more expensive, was in less demand. Work began to be done in larger shops, and the high bench and " head block " upon which the last was strapped took the place of the low bench ·when the shoe was pegged on the knees. The "spoke shave " superseded the broken glass for the " edge." The self-closing iron clamp caused the old one to disappear, and the rolling machine took the place of the lap-stone. Stock was given out at a central shop in cases of
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APPENDIX TO THE ANNALS OF WAYLAND.
fifty or sixty pairs, and the workman took a case or two at a time home, where in a room set apart for the purpose, or in a little shop adjoining the house, he made it up. At this stage of the business the bottoming was often done by two persons conjointly : one, the " boss," who took out the stock and usually did the cutting and trimming, and the other, the " striker," who did the pegging. Each party was supposed to do his work in about the same time, which for a single shoe was from ten to twenty minutes. When more than two worked on the same case, with parts assigned to each, it was called working by a " team," and the several parties were called "a team." The "boss" usually had the largest share of the profits and furnished the "findings," as the pegs, nails, lasting tacks, blackball, &e .. were called. The work was usually men's and boys' brogans, and the pegs were usually set in double rows from four to six to the inch. The heels were usually " fitted " at the close of the day's work, and the edges polished with blackball. A day's work for two persons was from ten to fifteen or even twenty pairs. The welts were split by hand. After pulling the last from the shoe the edge was colored by the use of blacking made by throwing pieces of old iron into a vessel of vinegar. The price paid for " bottoming " a pair of shoes varied from twelve to twenty cents, or a little upwards, according to the quality of stock and the skill of the workman. The uppers were sewed when taken from the central shop. This was considered women's work, and was done by hand. The pegger often pegged " through the mouth," one hand placing the pegs, almost by the dozen. in his mouth, while the other seized them with each withdrawal of the awl and placed them in the shoe, so there was a regular rap-tap kept up till the shoe was pegged. Skill was shown in the smoothness with which the pegs were driven. In " kip work " it was immaterial if the pigs were " broomed." as the crushing of the heads were called, if they were only long enough to penetrate the "inner sole," for they were smoothed by a coarse file or rasp after the shoe was done. But in . Russet " work, or shoes of unblacked leather, the pegs must be smoothly driven, as no file was used on them, but the sole was reddened by rubbing with a " colt," which was a piece of sandstone set in hard wood. With the introduction of machinery a revolution took place in shoemaking. The sewing machine came first, then the pegging machine. For a time after the introduction of these machines into Bent's shop, Cochituate, which was about a quarter century ago, stock was to an extent still made up outside, but the custom grew less and less till finally the work was largely done in a few large shops. For years William and James Madison Bent let ont work from a shop nearly opposite the former residence of William Bent, which was on the main street of the village; and there are those who still remember the old man as he leisurely walked from the house to the shop when the work was brought in. Both these men were good judges of work and dealt fairly with their workmen. Capt. William learned the trade in the old way, and his brother, James Mad- ison, was a natural mechanic. The work at present is carried on in an extensive manufac- tory by the sons of James Madison Bent.
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