USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Paxton > The history of Paxton, Massachusetts > Part 3
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The old church edifice erected by the district of Paxton in 1767, paid for by a general tax, was used for all town-meetings after its erection, and the " deacon's seat" was the place occupied by the moderator of the town-meetings. In 1835 it was voted to remove the building to its present site and both enlarge and repair it, the town putting in a basement story for a town-hall, and it is now a very dignified edifice of the usual village style. Subsc- quently the church, feeling the need of a room for vestry purposes, entered into an agreement with the town, offering to light and warm and care for the said town hall for all town purposes on condition of its use by them as a vestry. In 1888 the town, stimulated by the gift of one Simon Allen, erected a new town
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hall, concerning which additional particulars are given further on in our history.
Leaving the history of the church and taking up that of the town, it will be remembered that the " District of Paxton " was chartered in 1765, Feb. 12th, and was "to join Leicester and the precinct of Spencer" in electing a Representative to the Legis- lature. This restriction was removed by an act bear- ing date July, 1775, viz. : " Whereas there are divers acts or laws heretofore made and passed by former General Courts or Assemblies of this Colony for the incorporation of towns and districts, which, against common right and in derogation of the rights granted to the inhabitants of this Colony by the charter, con- tain an exception of the right and privilege of choos- ing and sending a representative to the Great and General Court or Assembly. Beit therefore enacted and declared by the Council and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, that henceforth every such exception contained in any act or law heretofore made and passed by any General Court or Assembly of this Colony for erecting or incorporating any town or district, shall be held and taken to be altogether null and void, and that every town and district in this Colony consisting of thirty or more freeholders and other inhabitants qualified by charter to vote in the election of a repre- sentative, shall henceforth be held and taken to have full right, power and privilege to elect and depute one or more persons being freeholders and resident in such town or district, to serve for and represent them
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in any Great and General Court or Assembly hereafter to be held and kept for this Colony according to the limitations in an act or law of the General Assembly, entitled an act for ascertaining the number and regu- lating the House of Representatives, any exceptions of that right and privilege contained or expressed in the respective acts or laws for the incorporation of such town or district notwithstanding."
On August 22, 1774, the following committee was chosen to consult and report on the state of public affairs, viz. : Capt. Ralph Earle, Lient. Willard Moore, Dea. Oliver Witt, Phineas Moore and Abel Brown. They also voted to purchase a barrel of powder in addition to the stock (some two barrels) then on hand. All the able-bodied men of all ages, capable of bearing arms, were formed into two military companies, one of which was called the "Standing," and the other the " Minute Company."1
On the 17th of January, 1775, thirty-three men were ordered by the town to be drafted as minute- men. They chose Willard Moore to be their captain. He went with his command on April 19, 1775, to Cambridge, on receiving intelligence of the begin- ning of hostilities at Lexington and Concord.
The following is a copy of the agreement of the minute-men at Snow's in 1775 :
We the Subscribers, Do engage for to Joyn the Minute Men of this District and to March with them Against our Common Enemnys When wo are called for, if so be that the Minute Companys are kept up as
1 A Committee of Safety was chosen on March 20, 1775, consisting of Willard Moore, Phineas Moore, Abraham Smith, Ralph Earle and David Davis.
3
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witness our hands : Marmaduke Earle, Jonal Newton, David Goodenow, Jr., Alijah Brown, Joseph Knight, Clark Earle, Nathan Swan, Jonalı Howe, Ithamer Bigelow, John Davis, John l'ike, Phineas Moore, John Flint, Ebenezer Hunt, Thomas Lamb, Oliver Earle, Jonathan White, HIezeklah Newton, Stephen Barrett, Samuel -, Daniel Steward, Joseph Prescott.
The duties of the committee named above were various ; among other matters, to observe and report to the people the action of Congress, and also the acts of the colonists and the doings of the home government, and last, but perhaps not least, to keep watch of certain suspected Tories in the district, of whom there were a number.
Captain Willard Moore, with a number of his men, soon enlisted in the Continental Army. He was promoted to the rank of major and took part with his men in the battle of Bunker Hill, where he was killed, together with several of his men. The "standing company," already named, was commanded by Captain Ralph Earle,' with John Snow as lieu - tenant, and Abel Brown as ensign. They were chosen as officers at the district-meeting on January 17, 1775, and did valiant service, and bore their share of the hardships of the long campaigns for liberty and independence.
At the town-meeting held April 6, 1775, Lieutenant Willard Moore was chosen delegate to the Provincial Congress, held in Concord, Mass., and was instructed to " use his influence in Congress that government be assumed in case that it shall prove certain that
1 Capt. Ralph Farlo married the widow Naomi Kinnicutt, of Provi- dence, in 1775.
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1254248 THE HISTORY OF PAXTON.
Great Britain intends to enforce the late acts of Par- liament by the sword."
The town, at various times during the Revolutionary period, appropriated about ten thousand pounds as bounties, besides paying heavy taxes to the Provin- cial government amounting to many hundreds of pounds. Then, too, there were frequent purchases of beef for the use of the army, sending as high as nine thousand pounds at one time as their quota of the supplies needed by the government " at the front."
In addition to the regular companies named, there were, the records say, many volunteers going forward on their own responsibility and their own patriotic impulse to defend their imperiled country.
In the following year (1776) the records show a warrant directed to the "Constable of the Town of Paxton."
There is a warrant dated May 13, 1776, calling a meeting on the 23d of that month, for the purpose of choosing "a person to represent them in the Great and General Court " that year, agreeably to a pre- cept directed " to the town " for that purpose.
On May 23, 1776, the town made choice of Abraham Smith as its first representative to the General Court, and the record shows the clerk of the meeting to have signed himself as the town clerk, all rec- ords prior thereto having been signed by the district clerk.
In June, 1779, there was a special call for repre- sentatives to meet in Cambridge, for the purpose of framing a State Constitution, and under this call, on August 10, 1779, Adam Maynard was chosen as the
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delegate. This very year it would seem by the rec- ords that Abraham Smith continued as the represen- tative to the General Court, while Phineas Moore was the delegate to the convention held in Concord.
These were stirring times with the colonists, and besides the care of founding States was the added one of taking up arms to maintain them and estab- lish liberty, In all of these serious affairs the new town of Paxton discharged all of her obligations with highest credit. In the earlier contests between the French and Indians this town furnished, in 1756, five men as her quota in a call for one thousand men from Worcester and Hampshire Counties. Their names were : Ezekiel Bellows, Jacob Wicker, Jason Livermore, David Wicker and John Wicker. These men were in the command of Gen. Ruggles, and saw service at Crown Point, Fort Edward and Ticonderoga.
This town is proved by all the ancient records to have been eminently patriotic in the time of the Revolution. All of the demands for men and means were met, though doubtless their efforts at times were very great. The prolongation of the war, saying nothing of the cost incurred in getting ready for the contest, was a very serious matter, but through all these trials the true patriots never flinched.
Among their first acts was an attempt on their part to rid themselves of the name of Paxton, now odious by reason of his loyalty to and influence with the enemy of the colony. They failed in their patriotic endeavor to secure a change of name, as we have seen.
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The Hon. George W. Livermore, of Cambridge, a native of Paxton, relates the following incident which happened here: Jason Livermore and his three sons were plowing in the field when informed by a messenger of the incursion of the " regulars " to Lexington and Concord, and that the company of which they were members would march forth with. The father said : " Boys, unyoke the cattle and let us be off." No sooner said than done; and they at once made ready and marched, with the household pewter dishes melted into bullets, to Cambridge, and there joined the Continental army, and on June 17, 1775, they bore a part in the great battle of Bunker Hill. The wife and mother, Mrs. Jason Livermore, was left with a lad but twelve years of age, to culti- vate the farm and care for the stock. This was suc- cessfully done, and it is further stated that she made a hundred pounds of saltpetre for the army, during the summer, in addition to her other duties." Mrs. Livermore died at the extreme age of ninety-nine years and ten months. In the following year this same Jason Livermore, together with one Samuel Brewer, of Sutton, raised a company and proceeded to Charlestown, and from there were ordered to Ticon- deroga and Mount Hope, where they were stationed for some time. It is fully believed that the town of Paxton must have sent more than a hundred men into the ranks of the patriot soldiers of the Revolu- tionary army ; and history declares that few, if any, towns contributed, proportionately, more for the achievement of our independence, according to their means, than this. It is also reported that towards the
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close of the war " their individual and public suffer- ing was extreme, and at times almost intolerable; " yet at no time did their courage flag or the fires of patriotism grow dim.
The qualification for voting in 1770 was the pos- session of sixty pounds' worth of property or an annual income of three pounds sterling. At the first State election there were twenty-four votes cast for John Hancock for Governor. The amount assessed at this time in the town on both polls and real estate was £29,400. The State tax in 1780 was as high as £5,120, old tenor.1
1 Among the names found in the early records it is interesting to note the following, viz. :- Dr. Saml. Stearus, who married in 1773 Sarah Witt. This Dr. Stearns was the practicing physician In this town at and before the Revolution. Then there appear the names of Samuel Gould, Capt. Ralph Earle, Ephraim Moore, Marmaduke Earle, Willard Moore, Paul How, Rev. Silas Bigelow, Ithamar Bigelow, who had sons Timothy, Silas, Lewis and Ithumar ; Samuel Brown, Win. Thompson, who had sous William und James ; Danl. Uphant, Hezekiah Newton, John Newhull, James Earle, Oliver Earl, Wm. Livermore, John Liver- more, Braddyl Livermore, W'm. Martin, Thos. Lamb, Silas, Ezekiel and Joseph Bellows, Jacob Sweetser, Saml. Sweetser and Stephen Sweetser, David Davis, Ephin. Davis, Aaron Hunt, Jonathan Ames, Seth Swan, Jabez Newhall, John Warren, Daniel Steward, M. B. Williams, Adam Maynard, Moses Maynard, David Goodenow, John Knight, Win. Whita- ker, David Wicker, Abel Brown, Danl. Knight, John Flint, Clark Earl, Nathan Sergeant, Danl. Bemis, Benj. Cutting, Dexter Eurl, David D'elrce, who had sons David, Gad, Aaron and Job ; James Washburn, Joseph Penniman, Hezekiah Ward, Phiny Moore, Phineas Moore, Samnol Brigham, Seth Metcalf. Benj. Wilson, Dr. Thad. Brown, Dr. Saml. Forrest, Dr. Caleb Shattuck,-these were all residents and prac- ticing physicluns, between 1765 and 1800, in this town-Samuel and Ebenezer Wait, Jude Jones, Timothy Higelow, married Anna Earl In 1797 ; Ithamar Bigelow, Jr., married Sophie Earle In 1801 ; Daniel Ab- bott, D. 11. Grosvenor and Jonathan l'. Grosvenor, Levi Boynton, Dr. Absalom Russel, Dr. Loami Harrington, was murrled to Delia Newton
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THE HISTORY OF PAXTON.
Provision for the education of the young was made as early as 1769 in the new district. On January 9, 1769, a warrant was issued calling a meeting to con- sider, among other things, the division of the town into "squadrons " or school plots, as per the recom- mendation of a previously-appointed committee who had reported favorably. This committee (chosen in October, 1768) consisted of Captain Oliver Witt, William Whitaker, William Thompson, Willard Moore and Jonathan Knight.
There were (in 1769) five districts established, and the committee for each " school plot " were as follows : For the Northeast, Phineas Moore, Hezekiah Newton and Stephen Barrett ; for the Southeast, Daniel Stew- art, James Glover and Francis Eager ; for the South- west, Abner Moore, James Thompson and Jason Livermore; for the Northwest, Abraham Smith, Wil- liam Whitaker and Jonah Newton ; for the Middle
in 1806 by Nathaniel Crocker, Esq. ; Taylor Goddard, Frederick Flint, Joseph Knight, Benj. Wilson, Thomas Wbittemore, Wm. Howard, Henry Slade and his sons Anthony, John and Henry ; Winthrop Earle, Braddyl Livermore, Amos Ware, Elisha Ward, Ebenezer Bointon, had children, Ebenezer, Jr., born in 1770, Silas, Jeremiah, Alpheus, Phebe, Levi, Hannah, Asa and David ; Samuel Jennison, Ebenezer Estabrook, William Earle, Robert Crocker, Emory Earle, Seth Metcalf, Jr., John Pike, Francis Pike and Clark Pike, Thomas Read, Jacob Earle, Rufus Earle, Artemas Earle, Nathan Cass, Moses Gill Grosvenor, son of Rev. Daniel Grosvenor, Geo. W. Livermore, son of Braddyl Livermore, born Oct. 15, 1794 ; Thaddeus Estabrook, Ephraim Carruth, John Brigham, Joseph Day, Nathaniel Lakin, Samuel Partridge, Jolın Partridge, El- bridge Gerry Howe, son of Jonah Howe, born Aug. 14, 1799 ; John Howe, Jonathan Chase and son, Homer Chase ; Ralph Earle Bigelow, son of Ithamar Bigelow, Jr. ; Oliver Arnold, Amasa Earle, Silas D. Harring- ton, Daniel Lakin, John Bellows, Sam'l Wait, Daniel Estabrook, son of Jonah Estabrook, born in 1807 ; Jacob Earle, Dr. Edward M. Wheeler.
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plot, Captain Paul How, John Snow and Ralph Earle.
The following names of the heads of families living in the several school plots or divisions, together with the number given the said divisions, must be of general interest even at this date, viz. :
Northeast School Plot, No. I .- William Allen, Capt. Saml. Brown, En. Stephen Barrett, Aaron Bennot, Samuel Estabrook, Jno. Fersenden, Zach ? Gates, Aaron Hunt, Ebenezer Hunt, Samuel Man, Phineas Man, Elijah Man, Peter Moore, Ephralm Moore, Willard Moore, Heziklah Maynard, Hezikiah Newton, Silas Newton, Benj. Pierce, Jacob Sweetser, Jacob Sweetser, Jr., Benj. Sweetser, Ebenezer Wait, Antipas How, James Ames.
Southeast School Plot, No. 2 .- Capt. Jesse Brigham, Joel Brigham, En. Timothy Barrett, Thomas Denny, Wm. Earle, Jr., Antipas Earl, Francis Eager, Newhall Earl, James Glover, Zach. Gates, Win. Howard, Jabez Newhall, Daniel Steward, Danl. Snow, Asa Stowe, Joseph Sprague, Danl. Upham, Capt. Ollvor Witt, Elijah Dix, Jedediah Newton, Ebenezer Boy- ington, Jon's. Wheeler, Jr., Jeremiah Fay.
Southwest School Plot, No. : 1 .- Ezekiel Bellows, Joseph Bellows, Abijah Bemis, Jont. Brigham, Jacob Briant, John Livermore, Abner Morse, James Nicol, Seth Swan, Win. Thompson, W'm. Thompson, Jr., Wm. . Wicker, David Wicker, Samuel Wieker, Jacob Wicker, David Newton, Jonathan Knight, Jr., James Pike, Solomon Newton.
Northwest School Plot, No. 4 (now West School District) .- Joel Brigham, Jonathan Clemmer, David Goodenow, Ebenezer Hunt, Jr., James Me- Kennon, Seth Metcalf, Jaasaniah Newton, Jonah Nowton, Nahum Newton, John Smith, Abraham Smith, Jonas Smith, Wmn. Whitaker, W'm. Whitaker, Jr.
The Middle School Plot, No. 5.1 (now. the Contre School) .- Abel Brown. Col. Gardner Chandler, Cupt. Thos. Davis, David Davis, Wm. Earle, Capt. Ralph Earle, Samuel Gould. Wid. Damarius How, W'm. Martin, Shadariah Newel, Ebenezer Prescott, David Pierce, Jonathan Knight, Daniel Knight, Jno. Snow, Seth Snow, Adam Maynard, Elljah Dem- mon, Capt. Paul llow, Jonah How, Samt. Brewer, Eleazer Ward, James Logan, Andrew Martin.
The Northwest (or West, as it is now known) School-
1 The number of districts now is the same as In 1769.
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house was located, in these early days, just west of the road leading from " Hows Hill," now "Davis's Hill," to Jennison's Mills (Comins' Mills), a few rods south- ward of the pond and across the highway. About 1820 the present brick school-house was erected just west of the mill-dam. Some fifty years ago or more Homer Chase taught this school, and lived at the house near by. It will be recollected by the older citizens that years ago the seats were arranged in two rows, which brought the scholars in two lines, one directly back of the other.
A class in reading was up, and a notably dull scholar was proceeding, and, as usual, was being prompted by his neighbor behind him, who could overlook his book. It was the habit of this dull reader to use his finger to keep his place, and as he was being coached, his finger prevented the party prompting from seeing the words ahead, so he whispered to this dull reader, "Skip it;" the reader supposed they were the next words in order for him to repeat, and he drawled out, "S-k-i-p i-t," which had the result to " bring down the house," as modern people speak.
At the Southwest School, forty years ago, there were as many as sixty scholars in attendance, and this was true of most of the other schools in town, whereas, at the present time, they would not average a dozen pupils to a school-house, outside of the Centre District ; and what is true of this town is nearly true of all the back towns in New England. The Centre School building used to stand north of its present location, near where Hiram P. Bemis now lives, on the Rut- land road. It was a square-built house, and when
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abandoned, it was used to erect the house now owned by H. C. Eames, on the Barre road. Mr. D. Gates Davis remembers when more than sixty scholars at- tended at this school.
We herewith append a list of prices established in 1777 by the authorities of Paxton :
Agreeably to late act of the Great and General Court of Massachu- setty llay To Prevent Monopoly and oppresion ; The Selectmen and Committee of correspondence for the Town of Paxton have Agreed upon and affixed the Prices hereafter set down to the Following Articles in the Town of Paxton, Viz. :-
Men's Labour at Farming Work in the months of July and August, 3 shill. per day ; The months of May, June and September, 2s. 3d. per day ; The months of April and October, la. 9d. per day ; The months of November, December, Jan., February and March, Is. 4d. per day ; Wheat, 68. per Bushel ; Rye, 48. 3d. per Bushel ; Indian Corn, 38. ; Outs, Is. &d. per Bushel ; Barley, 38. 6d. per Bushel ; Spanish Potatoes, Is. per Bushel in the fall of the year and not to exceed Is. id. at any other season ; Beans, Gs. per bushel ; Peas, 78. per bushel ; Sheeps Wool, 2s. per lb. ; Fresh l'ork, well fatted, 3 pence 3 farth. per lb. ; Good Grass-fed Beef, 2 pence 3 farth. per lb. ; Stall-fed Beef, 3 pence 3 far- thing per lb. ; Raw Hides, 3 pence per lb. ; Green Calf Skins, 6 pence per lb. ; Imported Salt, 13 shillings per bushel ; Salt manufactured of Sea water, 15s. per bushel ; West Indla Rum, 88, 2d. per Gallon ; New England Rum, 58. per Gull. ; Best Moscorudo Sugar, £3 68. 8d. per Hundred Wt. and & peuce 3 furthings by the single pound; Molasses, 48. 8d. per Gallon ; Chocolate, 18. 9d. per 1b. ; Best new milk Cheese, 5 pence 1 farthlug per lb. ; Butter, 9 pence per lb. ; Tand Leather, 18. 3d. per lb. ; Currled leather, In Proportion ; Homespun yard-wide Cotton . . . ; Cloth, 3s. 6d. per yard ; Mutton, Lamb and Veal, 3 pence per lb. ; whent Flour, 18s. per hundred Wt. ; Best English Hay, 28. 8d. per Hundred Wt. ; Teaming work, 18. 6d. por mlle for a Ton ; Turkies, Dunghill Fowls and ducks, 4 pence per lb. ; Geese, 3 pence per Ib. ; MIlik, I penny 3 farthing per quart ; Good Merchantable white pine Barn boards, 28. 8d. per hundred feet ; Men's best yarn Stockings 5s. 4d. per pair ; Men's best Shoes made of neat Leather, 88. per pair ; Wo- men's beet Calf Skin shoes, 68. Sd. per pulr ; Making Men's Shoes, 28. &d. ; Making Women's leather shoes, 28. Ed. ; Good Salt Pork, 8 pence
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per lb. ; Cotton, 3s. d. per lb. ; Good well-dressed merchantable Flax, 1 shilling per lb. ; Coffee, Is. 5d. per lb. ; Yard wide tow Cloth, 2 shill- ings per yard; Good yard-wide Stripped Flannel, 3s. per yard ; Fried Tallow. 7 pence per lb. ; Rough Tallow, 4 pence 2 farth. per lb. ; Men's board, 58. per week; Women's board, 2s. 8d. per week -. Taverners ; Oats, 2 pence 2 farthings for 2 Quarts ; A mug of Flip made with half a pint of West India Rum, 1s. Id. ; a mug of Flip made with half a pint of New England Rum, 9 pence ; a Common meal of Vituals, 9 pence ; lodging a person a night, 4 pence; Keeping a horse a night or 24 hours on English Hay, 1 shilling ; Keeping a yoke of oxen a night or 24 hours on English Hay, 1 shilling ; Charcoal, 3 pence per bushel at the pit ; Shoeing a horse round and Steeling toe and heel, 6s. 3d .; Weaving Plain Towel Cloth yard-wide, not to exceed 3 pence 2 farthings per yard; sawing White pine boards, Is. 1d. per Hund feet ; Tanner's Bark Oak-Delivered at the Yard, 12s. per Cord-price for tanning, 1 penny 3 farthings per lb. ; horse hire, 2 pence per mile ; Cyder not to exceed 6s. at the press in time of the Greatest Scarcity ; Carpenter's work, 3 shilling per day ; Price of Taylor's work to be advanced one- eighth part above what was usual when Labour at farming work in the Summer Season was 2s. Sd. per day ; Best Homespun Woolen Cloth of a Good Colour fulld and Pressd not to exceed &s. per yard, and all other articles not her enumerated are to bear a price in a just Proportion to the Particularly Mentioned, According to former Customs and usages. Dated at Paxton, Feby. 7, 1777. Agreed to by the Selectmen and Com- mittee of Correspondence of Paxton. Attest,
ABEL BROWN.
On September 14, 1791, Seth Snow, of Paxton, gave by deed to the town, one and a half acres and fifteen rods, "whereon the meeting-house stands," the whole forming nearly a square tract for "the use and benefit of the town." The bounds are given in Book 115, page 134, as certified to by Artemas Ward, register of deeds, Worcester, and are as follows, viz. :
A certain tract or parcel of common land lying in Paxton aforesaid, whereon the meeting-house stands, for the use and benefit of the said town, and is bounded as follows, viz. : beginning at a stake and stones on the south line of the burying-yard, thence East 3º S. nine rods and nine-tenths to a stake and stone, being the Northwest corner of Frederick JIunt's land ; thence South 13º 40' W. eighteen rods and eight-tenths of
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THE HISTORY OF PAXTON.
a rod to a heap of stones on the West side of said Hunt's barn, said line strikes the Northwest corner of said barn ; thence South 29º East len rods and seven-tenths to a stake and stones ; thence West 12º 30" N. four rods to a stake and stones by the Southeast corner of Deacon Timothy Barrett's horse-shed ; thenco N. 32º West seven rods to a stake and stones near the Northeast corner of the store ; thence W. Sº 45' N. elght rods and six-tenths to a stake and stones by the Northwest corner of my dwelling-house ; thence S. 45°30' W. six rods toa stakeand stones ; thence W. 19º N. two rods and five-tenths to a stake and stones ; thence East 42º N. nine rods to a stake and stones near the Southeast corner of Abner Morse's horse-stable ; thence N. 8º E. running on the West side of the horse-stables eighteen rods to the first-mentioned corner; said tract con- tains one acre and a half and fifteen rods by measure.
The town, after about 1800, moved along the even tenor of its way, without alarming incidents, until 1812, when, at a special meeting of the town, held August 10th, of that year, it was voted to choose a committee to attend a county convention called to consider the state of the country, and Nathaniel Crocker and Braddyl Livermore were appointed as the delegates. There was also a petition or memorial or- dered at this meeting to be sent to the President, and the following persons were appointed to prepare the same, viz .:- Nathan Swan, Nathaniel Lakin, David Davis, Jr., Braddyl Livermore and Jonathan P. Gros- venor. The war was of short duration, terminating in a successful issue for the government.
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