USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Sudbury > The history of Sudbury, Massachusetts, 1638-1889 > Part 30
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337
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
nificance of trading-posts in the interior of the country, pre- pared to arrest the course of the foe.
Before, however, a settlement was effected a long and severe war ensued ; so severe, indeed, was the struggle, that long after the period was past its events were prominent in the annals of New England. Tradition kept them alive as the years rolled by, and the wild scenes set forth by survivors became the subject of ballad and song. Long after the struggle had ceased, tales of those times were recited by the blazing hearth, as, gathered by the fitful fire-light, groups of listeners gave ear to the thrilling rehearsal, while they watched the changeful glow of the coals as they crackled and crumbled on their ashen bed. The snow-shoes, brought down from the garret, where they had long lain amid the dust of that mystic place, were reminders of the cold, rough march, and the noiseless procession of rangers, as they sped over the pathless snow. The bright fire-light, as it flickered up the chimney's broad flue ; the mossy wood, newly cut, in the corner, - all were alike suggestive of forest adventure, of the lone sentinel guard in the dark, deep shade, and of tales told by the light of camp-fires in places far from home.
The war was to a large extent carried on by expeditions or campaigns, the object of which was to capture the strong- holds of Canada. We will give lists of Sudbury soldiers who were in these campaigns.
CROWN POINT EXPEDITION.
In 1755, a regiment was raised, and placed under command of Col. Josiah Brown of Sudbury, for the purpose of prevent- ing the encroachments of the French about Crown Point and upon "Lake Iroquois, commonly called by the French, Lake Champlain." The regiment belonged to the command of William Johnson. The following is a list of the field and staff officers : -
Josiah Brown, Col. John Cummings, Lt. Col. Steven Miller, Major - Samuel Dunbar, Chaplain
Samuel Brigham, Surgeon.
Benjamin Gott, Surgeon's Mate David Mason, Commissary Joseph Lovering, Adjutant
338
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Sept. 10, 1755, Samuel Dakin received a commission as captain of foot in this regiment. The muster-roll of his com- pany contains forty-eight names, of which the following are supposed to be from Sudbury : -
Capt. S. Dakin
Sam1 Grout
Elisha Cutler
Jason Gleason
Silas Clapp
Abel Farrar
Moses Puffer
Josiah Barker
Nath1 Eveleth
Ephriam Woods, Jr.
Sam1 Gibbs Jr
Samuel Estabrook
Sam1 Burbank
Lt. Joseph Baker
Joseph Sherman
Jonª Barrett
Sudbury men in a second list of Capt. Samuel Dakin's Company, 1755 : -
Samuel Grout sergt.
Samuel Mead, Jr.
David Eveleth corp1
Jason Gleason
Jonathan Bent
Nathaniel Gibbs
Silas Clapp
Samuel Burbank
Silas Puffer
Moses Jones
Joseph Maynard
Charles Wetherbe
Wm Skinner
Abijah Brigham
Simon Maynard
Josiah Sherman
Jedediah Parmenter
Josiah Walker.
Sudbury men in Capt. Jonathan Hoar's company, 1755 : -
Adam Gilbert
Uriah Choochett
Charles Roiley Jonathan Stanhope.
Sudbury men in the Crown Point expedition of 1756, in Capt. Ebenezer Newell's company : -
John Nixon Lieut. [Fram] Ensign Joseph Brintnall Warren Goodenow Ezra Barker
Micah Grout Leavitt How Isaac Goodenow
Sudbury men in Capt. John Nixon's company, 1756 : -
Samuel Parmenter Phinehas Haynes Samuel Burbank Eph. Hayden
Samuel Putnam WVm Puffer Jonª. Maynard
339
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Sudbury men in a third list of Capt. Samuel Dakin's com- pany : -
Samuel Grout
Joseph Sherman
David Evelith
Jonathan Bent
Silas Clapp
Joseph Maynard
Wm Skinner
Silas Puffer
Jedediah Parmenter
Simon Maynard
Samuel Mead Jr.
Jason Gleason
Nathaniel Gibbs
Moses Stone
Samuel Burbank
Abijah Brigham
Charles Wetherbe
Sudbury men in other lists are as follows: Crown Point ex- pedition in Capt. William Jones' company, Colonel Thatch- er's regiment : -
Jonas Balcom
Ebenezer Woodis
Miles Realy Nathaniel Hayden
Leavitt How
Nathan Maynard
Oliver Grout
Jonas Gibbs
Benjamin Gleason
Solomon How
Joseph Mungry
Nathan Smith
Micah Grout
In Col. John Jones' regiment for the invasion of Canada, under command of General Amherst : -
Joel Clapp
Silas Hemenway
Joseph Green Cole
Ebenezer Wooddis
Samuel Putman
Andrew White
In Capt. Josiah Richardson's company, Col. Joseph Buck- minster's regiment : -
Jonas Balcom Joseph Muzzy
Miles Realy Nathaniel Hayden Nathan Maynard
Micah Grout
In the company of Capt. John Nixon of Sudbury, 1761 :-
Isaiah Parmenter, Sergt
Ebenezer Woodes, Corp1
Daniel Parmenter Isiah Parmenter
Leavet How
Uriah Gibbs. Moses Haynes
1
340
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Caleb Clark
Ephraim Hayden
Nathaniel Cutter
Isaac Lincoln
Benja Cutter
Jesse Putnam
Benja Clark
John Putnam
Wm Daniels
Daniel Parmenter
Josiah Everton.
David Rice
Ephraim Goodnow Jun.
Elijah Willis.
Thomas Green
In Capt. Moses Maynard's company : -
Oliver Gould Benjamin Gleason
Others in the service : -
John Rutter. Josiah Baldwin.
Samuel Graves
Daniel Wyman.
Josiah Pratt.
Lieut. Samuel Curtis and eighteen men joined Capt. Samuel Dakin's company in the expedition to Canada in 1758.
The following lists contain the names of the active militia force of Sudbury, April, 1757. Many whose names are in these lists engaged in one or more of the campaigns as the war progressed, and then returned to exchange the musket or sword for the implements of peaceful pursuits, still hold- ing themselves in readiness at their country's call to place their names again on the muster-roll : -
A List of The Officers and Soldiers of the First Foot Company in , Sudbury under the command of Capt. Moses Maynard, Lt Joseph Curtis and En. Jason Glezen.
Sarg John Rice
Abraham Jenkens Jun.
Israel Rice
Ebenezer King
Samuell Russell Joseph Trask
Isaac Cutting.
Thomas Allen Jun
Corp1 Jonathan Underwood
Elijah Rice
66 Nehemiah Williams
John Parmenter Jun
66 Josiah Farrar Grindly Jackson
Sam1 Fisk
Caleb Moulton
Drum. John Combs.
Bezaleel Moore
Wm Russell. Joseph Smith
Timothy Underwood
Phineas Gleyen
341
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Shemnel Griffyn Joseph Rutter Samull Abbott Randall Davis Jun Wm Moulton
Samull Griffyn
Micah Maynard
Wm Grout
Edwd Sharmon Jun
John Walker
John Parmenter
John Meriam
Sam1 Gould Jun.
Edmond Rice
Ephraim Smith
Jason Glezen
Jonathan Graves
Elijah Ross
Jacob Alderick
John Morffet
Sam1 Livermore
Benja Cory
Charles Wetheaby Wm Ravis
Sam1 Pool
David Bent
Zebediah Allen Jun
Isaac Damon
Josiah Maynard
James Davis
Jonas Woodward
Henery Coggin
Benj* A. Williams
Wm Dudly
David Patterson
Micah Rice
David Stone
Isaac Wetheaby
Jason Glezen Jun
Jonathan Belcher
Thomas Bent Jun
Ephraim Abbott
Thadeus Russell
John Allen
James Ross
Benja Glezen
Wm Sanderson
A true Copy taken Apr. 25, 1757
SAMI CURTIS, Clerk.
A true list of the 2ond Foot Company in Sudbury under command of Captn Josiah Richardson taken by Ezekiel How Clerk, April ye 25th 1757.
Capt. Josiah Richardson
Wm Skiner
Lefut Abijah Haynes
Wm Gibs
Ensin Jabez Puffer
Wm Hayden
Sergt Joseph Willis
Isaac Hunt Jun
Sergt Elijah Smith
Jeams Wier
Sergt Corneleas Wood
Ephriam Rice
Sergs David Moore
Ephriam Goodenow
Corp Joseph Stanhope
Elijah Parmenter
Corp Samuell Eaton
Ezekiel Parmenter
Corp Oliver Dackin
Ephriam Hayden
Corp Josiah Richardson Jun.
Edmond Goodenow
Drum. Jessie Willis Wm Rice Jun.
Ebenr Burbank Eben" Woode
John Rice John Reamos Jonas Gibs John Jacob Cibellar
Geo. Wheller
Geo. Mossmon
Joseph Maynard Jun
Jeames Carter
.
Ebenezer Staples
342
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Leavit How
Micah Goodenow
Michall Mellong Morris Clarrey
James Haynes Isaack Linckon Jeames Thompson Jonathan Maynard Josiah Haynes
Micah Parmenter Micah Grout
Miells Rayley Mosies Rice
John Mossman Jonas Hallden Jonas Hayden
Nathan Moore
Isrial Haynes
Nathaniel Gibs Jun.
Jeams Puffer
Nathaniel Muzzey
Jonal Balcom
Norman Saever
Nathaniel Cuter
Rowen Boogrill
Josiah Rice John Willis John Burbank Josiah Bennit Jun
Reubin Willis
Jonathan Haynes
Reubin Norse
Jonathan Rice Jun John Goodenow
Peletiah Parmenter
John Puffer
Edward Bointon
Jeams Puffer Jun
Patrick Roach
.Joseph Muzzey Jun Aron Haynes Abijah Walker
Samuiell Osbon
Ambrus Tower
Samuiell Brigham
Asa Smith
Samuiell Dackin Jun
Asiell Clap
Samuiell Burbank Jun
Aron Johnson
Samuiell Puffer Jun
Abel Brown
Samuiell Knight Jun
Aron Eams Andrew White
Silas Puffer
Benimin Tower
Silas Smith
Beniman Berry
Samuiell Putnam
David Maynard Jun
Thomas Goodenow
Daniell Clap
Thomas Walker Jun
Daniell Bowken
Uriah Parmenter Jun
David Clark
WVm Parmenter
Daniell Parmenter
Daniel Noyse Jun
There was also in Sudbury what was called an Alarm List. This included persons between the ages of sixteen and sixty, who were ordinarily exempt from military duty, but were liable to be called upon in emergencies. The following are the names on an Alarm List which is supposed to have been commanded by Capt. Thomas Damon.
Richard Ralley
Oliver Mors
Simeon Harris
Samuiell Parmenter
Silas Balkom
343
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
List of those persons who are obliged to appear on an alarm, between the ages of 16 and 60 in the First foot Company in Sudbury. Apr 25. 1757
SAMUEL CURTIS, Clerk.
Ebenezer Roby, Esq.
Zebediah Allen
Wm Cook Jun Wm Baldwin
Paul Brintnal.
Hopstill Bent,
Ebenezer Roby Jun.
Joseph Beal.
Abial Abbott
Joseph Sharmon,
Isaac Baldwin
James Brewer jun.
Naham Baldwin
Eliakim Rice.
John Ross.
Benjaman Dudley
Zecariah Briant.
Samuel Parris.
. Benjn Briant
Peter Bent Jun
Benjn Ball
Thomas Graves
Daniel Wyman
Isaac Woodward
James Patterson
Thomas Jenkinson
Thomas Bent
David McDaniels
Joseph Goodnow
Daniel Moore Jun
Elijah Bent
Amos Brown
Cor. Thomas Damon
Jonathan Patterson
James Graves
Elisha Rice Jun. Peter Briant
Ezra Graves
David Sharmon
Joseph Livermore
Josiah Haynes
Isaac Stone
Isaac Rice Peter Bent
Jonathan Griffin.
Amos Sanderson
In August, 1757, the men on both the Active and Alarm Lists were mustered for service. The year had been one of disaster to the English and American forces ; and, on August 3, , General Montcalm with about nine thousand French and one thousand Indians besieged Fort William Henry, which he captured after a six days' siege, during which time it was gallantly defended by Colonel Monroe with a force of twenty-three hundred and seventy-two men. The report of the disaster was sad intelligence to New Eng- land and consternation prevailed. The militia were called to arms, and soon a large part of those on both the Active and Alarm Lists were on their way towards Fort William Henry ; but Montcalm not taking advantage of his victory in the way that was expected, in about two weeks the troops returned. ·
344
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
The following are the officers of a troop of horse in Sudbury in 1762: -
Capt. John Noyes 1st Lieut. Israel Moore 2ond Lieut. Richard Heard Cornet, Jonathan Parmenter Quarter Master, Samuel How.
Officers of the troop of horse in Sudbury in 1771 : - -
FIRST COMPANY.
SECOND COMPANY.
Capt. Joseph Curtis
Capt. Aaron Haynes
1st Lieut. Micah Maynard.
1st Lieut. Daniel Bowker
2ond Lieut. Ebenezer Staples.
Ens. James Puffer.
Ens. Samuel Choate
THIRD COMPANY. Capt. Samuel Knight 1st Lieut. Moses Stone
The foregoing lists indicate that the town was well repre- sented in the last French war, and that its militia force was quite strong. Some of the officers whose names are given were prominent citizens. Col. Josiah Brown has been men- tioned in connection with military operations of a preceding period.' Capt. John Nixon, who in 1759, is mentioned as a citizen of Sudbury, was, subsequently, General Nixon of Revolutionary fame. Other of her soldiers who became efficient officers in the Revolutionary War received their first lessons in military tactics in this severe school.
In one of the expeditions of this war, the town sustained the loss of Capt. Dakin and several others of its citizens, who were killed by the Indians at Half-Way Brook, near Fort Edward, July 20, 1758. At the time of this event, Capt. Dakin and his company were connected with the expedition of General Amherst against Crown Point. The following brief account of the attendant circumstances are stated in a diary kept by Lieut. Samuel Thomson of Woburn : -
" July 20, Thursday in the morning, 10 men in a scout waylaid by the Indians and shot at and larmed the fort and a number of our men went out to assist them, and the enemy followed our men down to our Fort, and in their retreat,
345
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Capt. Jones and Lieut. Godfrey were killed, and Capt Law- rence and Capt. Dakin and Lieut. Curtis and Ens" Davis, and two or three non-commissioned officers and privates, to the number of 14 men, who were brought into the Fort, all scalped but Ens" Davis, who was killed within 30 or 40 rods from the Fort: and there was one grave dug, and all of them were buried together, the officers by themselves at one end, and the rest at the other end of the grave; and Mr. Morrill made a prayer at the grave, and it was a solemn funeral ; and Nath! Eaton died in the Fort and was buried ; and we kept a very strong guard that night of 100 men. Haggit [and] Wm Coggin wounded."
Then follows a list of the killed, beginning, -
Capt. Ebenezer Jones of Willmington Capt Dakin of Sudbury Lieut Samuell Curtice of Ditto Private Grout of do
" We have also an account that there are seven of our men carried into Ticonderoga, which make up the number of those that were missing.
" 21. Friday, in ye forenoon a party of about 150 went out to find more men that were missing, and we found 4 men who were scalped, and we buried them, and so returned : and at prayer this evening we were Laromed by a false out- cry. Nicholas Brown died and was buried ; and Moses Haggit died."
As Jonathan Patterson and Nathaniel Moulton of Sud- bury are reported missing, they may have been among the number above referred to.
The following epitaph of Captain Dakin was written by William Rice, Esq., who was his orderly sergeant.
Good by, Capt. Dakin Samuell. In a battle near Lake George he fell. 1
. In the death of Captain Dakin, a loss was sustained by the town, the church, and the province. The following sketch contains some facts concerning his life.
346
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
SKETCH OF CAPTAIN DAKIN.
Samuel Dakin was a son of Deacon Joseph Dakin, whose father, Thomas, settled in Concord prior to 1650. In 1722, he married Mercy Minott, daughter of Colonel Minott who built the first framed house in Concord. The farm of Cap- tain Dakin was in the northern part of Sudbury, on the road running northerly to Concord, his house being very near the town boundary. As early as 1745, he was appointed ensign of the second company of foot in Sudbury, of which Josiah Richardson was captain and Joseph Buckminster was colonel. Sept. 10, 1755, he received the commission of captain in Col. Josiah Brown's regiment. In May, 1758, he received an order from Ebenezer Nichols to be present with his com- pany at Worcester on the 25th, and to furnish his men with " Bounty for Biliting." From Worcester he proceeded to Fort Edward, where he probably arrived about the middle of June, and in the vicinity of which he remained till his death, which occurred as before described. Captain Dakin was not only valiant in his country's service but valiant in the army of the Lord as well. His character as a Christian is indicated by the following covenant, copied from the original, which is still in the possession of one of his descendants.
COVENANT.
O, Thou Glorious God ! Thou hast promised mercy in Christ Jesus, if I turn to Thee with my whole heart. I therefore upon the call of the Gospel, do come and throwing down my weapons of rebellion, do submit to Thy mercy, as Thou requirest as the condition of my acceptance with Thee, that I put away mine idols and be at defiance with Thine enemies, which I acknowledge I have wickedly sided with against Thee, I do now from my heart renounce them all, firmly covenanting with Thee not to allow myself in any known sin, but constantly to use all means that I know Thou hast prescribed, for the death and destruction of my corruptions, and as my heart has been running after this world and sin and vanity, I do now resign it to Thee that made it, protesting before Thy Glorious Majesty, that it is
$47
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
the firm resolution of my heart and that I do unfeignedly desire grace from Thee, that when Thou shalt call me here- unto, I may practice this my resolution, and by Thine assistance, to forsake that which is dear to me in this world, rather than turn from Thee to the ways of sin, and Thou wilt enable me to work against all temptations, whether in prosperity or in adversity, lest they draw my heart from Thee. O, Glorious God, I would again come before Thee with all possible veneration bowing myself at the feet of Thy Glorious Majesty. I do here take the Lord Jehovah, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, for my portion and chief good, and do give up myself body and soul for service to serve Thee all the days of my life I do here upon the bended knees of my soul, accept of Jesus as the only way by which sinners have access to God. I do this day take the Lord to be my Lord, and Jesus Christ to be my Saviour, resolving to serve Thee in all my affairs. I do renounce my former righteousness, and take Thee to be " The Lord my right- eousness " and am willing to take my lot as it falls, as to the goods of this world, leaving all my concerns with Thee, verily supposing that nothing separate me from the love of Jesus Christ my Lord and dear Redeemer, and from this day I shall be bold to call the Lord Jehovah my Father, and Jesus Christ my Redeemer, and the Holy Ghost my sancti- fier, hoping that my God will suffer no allowed sin to make void this covenant, and this covenant that I have made on earth, may it be ratified in heaven. Amen & Amen.
July 27th 1753. memorandum.
This day renew this covenant having often broken it. The Lord accept me again for his great mercy sake in Jesus Christ.
Sept. 29th 1756. memorandum.
This day renew this covenant, having often broken it, although nothing hath failed on God's part and now going on an Expedition against the enemy at Crown point, I have given myself up wholly to God to be at His disposal in life or death, and O that God would accept of me again for Jesus Christ's sake.
348
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
May 23d 1758. memorandum.
This day renew this covenant with God, and while going on an expedition against Canada I have left myself wholly in the hands of God, to be at His disposal in life or death.
SAMUEL DAKIN.
Captain Dakin's character is also shown by the following extracts from letters to his wife while he was serving in the Canada campaign. In a letter dated Sept. 26, 1755, he says : " I am in good health and my company are so obe- dient to me and so loving one to another that it makes my life exceeding comfortable and pleasant. I have never yet heard one thwarting word in my company, but they seem all to have a brotherly care one for another, and have never heard one profane word among them, and their forwardness to attend religious exercises is delightful to me so that I have many mercies."
In a letter of June 10, 1758, he speaks of the condition of his company, and says : "they are all well, and I hope I shall be very happy in my company, and they are very ready to attend prayers and singing of Psalms which we have practiced on our journey."
July 11, 1758, in writing from Lake George he says : "And now my dear wife and children, I desire you would not distress yourselves about me but commit me in your prayers to God to be wholly at his disposal and I hope by his preserving providence I shall after awhile rejoice with you again in my own house ; but if not I hope we shall all rejoice together in heaven which will be spiritually better." Before lie closes his letter he asks for their prayers for him- self, his men, and the whole army.
Such are some extracts from the correspondence of this Christian soldier. They serve, not only to set forth thie character of the man, but of an officer in the military service of those times. Surely, if Captain Dakin was a representa- tive of that generation of men, no wonder that the cause for which they fought was at last triumphant. His descendants have been prominent citizens of Sudbury. Levi and Thomas, grandson and great grandson, were deacons in the Congre- gational Church.
349
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
Not only were the New England towns called upon to furnish men for the war, but their equipment and mainten- ance also when in the field. As the soldiers to an extent enlisted for single campaigns, repeatedly, the expense of fitting out demanded new contributions. This condition of things occasioned heavy taxation and the issuing of bills of credit by the government. Besides the money provided by the public for the prosecution of the war, some means were furnished by the merchants, farmers and others for the encouragement of enlistments.
FRENCH NEUTRALS.
Among other services rendered by the towns was the maintenance of what were termed French Neutrals, the people whom Longfellow has described in his poem, " Evan- geline." As Sudbury had some of these to care for, a few words relative to their general history may be appropriate. Upon the cession of the province of Nova Scotia by France to the British in 1713, a colony of about seven thousand French Roman Catholics became subjects of Great Britain. These colonists were allowed to remain on the land they had occupied, on condition of their taking the oath of allegiance to England. The oath was taken with the qualification that, in case of war against France, they were not to take up arms against their own countrymen. It was thus they acquired the name of French Neutrals. But it was alleged that, during the war which began in 1755, they furnished the French and Indians with substantial aid, thus enabling them the better to harass the English, that three hundred of them were found in arms at the taking of Fort Beau- Sejour, and that although an offer was made to such as had not resorted to arms to still hold their estate on taking the oath of allegiance without qualification, yet they one and all refused to do so. In view of this attitude, the English believed that the public safety required their removal from the province. If they were taken to Canada they would still be enabled to assist the French. It was, therefore, determined to convey them to different parts of the British Colonies. The plan of removing them was largely intrusted
350
HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
to the forces of Massachusetts under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Winslow.
At an appointed time, the people were called into the different ports "to hear the King's orders." About four hundred of their best men assembled at the village of Grand Pré. A guard being placed about the church where they were, Colonel Winslow made known his sad errand.
One thousand of these French Neutrals arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Province and were supported at public expense. Different towns, among which was Sudbury, had their quota to care for. Repeatedly is there a record of supplies furnished them by the town. The following is a general statement of some of these, and also a bill of attend- ance and medicine furnished by Dr. Roby, one of Sudbury's old time physicians.
An account of what hath been expended by sd Town of Sudbury on Sundry French Persons sent from Nova Scotia to this province and by sd government to Town of Sudbury.
The subsisting of Eighteen persons ten days - six persons three weeks, and four persons twenty-three weeks, the whole amounting to one hundred and twenty-seven weeks for one person charged at four shillings week for each person £25 - Ss
Ephraim Curtis
Josiah Brown
. Ebenezer Roby Josiah Haynes Samuel Dakin
John Noyes Elijah Smith. Selectmen.
Some of them being sick a great many comers and goers to visit them made the expense the greater even thirteen or fourteen at a time for a week together.
State Archives, Vol. XXIII., page 98.
MASSACHUSETTS PROVINCE.
For medicine and attendants for the French Neutrals from Nova Scotia.
1755, Dec. 11 - To Sundry Medicines for French young woman - 27 - To Do. for girl 6d
1756, Mar. 22, - To Sundry Medicines and Journey in the night west side the River - 0-5-8
To Sundry Medicines Journey west side 0-4-0
To Do. 4º To Journey and Medicines 0-7-0
To Do. 1 for the old Gentleman when he fell off the House and was greatly bruised and sick of a fever the clavicula being broke ..
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HISTORY OF SUDBURY.
May, 1756, To medicine and attendants for the old Gentleman, the whole month of May and his wife greatest part of the time himself when dangerously sick of a fever, violent coughs and are still remaining in a low languishing condition.
N. B. The above old gentleman and wife have been in a low lan- guishing condition all the spring and have had no more doctoring than what has been of absolute necessity.
State Archives, Vol. XXIII., page 97.
Melancholy, indeed, was the fate of those ancient Aca- dians. Although the circumstances were such that the English may have considered their removal a military neces- sity, yet the fact remains that sorrow and hardship attended their exile. They were strangers in a strange land. Their pleasant homes were abandoned, and with their lands passed into the hands of another race.
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