USA > Massachusetts > The maritime history of Massachusetts, 1783-1860 > Part 28
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5,362
6,283
Marblehead
18,829
19,965
21,608
20,922
11,954 126,323
6,949 135,009
12,478
320,687
546,269
464,213
Plymouth
9,798
10,707
20,761
1,395
1,277
2,374
2,331
3,739
40,827
31,225
Ipswich
30,236
27,538
Beverly
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MARITIME HISTORY OF MASSACHUSETTS 1783-1860
ABBREVIATIONS: E.I. = Essex Institute, Salem; E.I.H.C. = Essex Institute Historical Collections. H.C.L. = Harvard College Library. M.H.S. = Massachusetts Historical Society; Proc. M.H.S. = Pro- ceedings of the same. p.p. = privately printed. Works cited are printed at Boston unless otherwise stated.
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness for information, pictures, and for various facilities and courtesies, to Captain Arthur H. Clark, of Newburyport; Mr. Fred W. Tibbets, of Gloucester; Miss Elsie Heard, of Ipswich; Mrs. A. P. Loring, Jr., Miss Katherine Loring, and Mr. J. A. Marsters, of Beverly; Mrs. George Wheatland and Messrs. Henry W. Belknap, Lawrence W. Jenkins, George R. Put- nam, John Robinson, and William J. Sullivan, of Salem; Messrs. F. B. C. Bradlee, Joseph W. Coates, and Benjamin L. Lindsey, of Marblehead; Messrs. Charles K. Bolton, James H. Bowditch, Fred- eric Cunningham, Henry R. Dalton, George F. Dow, Frederick C. Fletcher, Allan Forbes, Thomas G. Frothingham, Roland Gray, Dr. O. T. Howe, William C. Hunneman, Thomas P. Martin, Dr. Frederick Merk, J. Grafton Minot, Miss Grace Nute, Charles F. Read, André C. Reggio, Robert B. Smith, F. W. Sprague, Rev. John W. Suter, Charles H. Taylor, Jr., William Ropes Trask, Julius H. Tuttle, Perry Walton, and Frederick S. Whitwell, of Boston and Cambridge; Mr. Charles Torrey, of Brookline; Mr. Edward Gray, of Milton; Mrs. F. W. Sargent, of Wellesley; Mrs. Ellen Trask, of Lincoln; Mr. George Shaw, of Concord; Mr. Edmund P. Collier, of Cohasset; Messrs. E. W. Bradford and Arthur Lord, of Plymouth; Dr. William H. Chapman and Mrs. A. S. Cobb, of Brewster; Mr. Everett I. Nye, of Wellfleet; Messrs. George H. Tripp and Frank Wood, of New Bedford; Miss Susan E. Brock, of Nantucket; Cap- tain John W. Pease, of Edgartown; Mr. Charles Lyon Chandler, of Philadelphia; Mr. H. K. Devereux, of Cleveland; Mr. Irving Grin- nell, of New Hamburg, New York; and Mr. Samuel Hale Pearson,. of Buenos Aires.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. GENERAL
I. MANUSCRIPT SOURCES. The Custom House Records of the old customs districts of Massachusetts are invaluable for foreign and coastwise commerce, shipping, and the fisheries. For an account of the present state and location of these records see Proc. M.H.S. for 1921. These Customs Records show what trade was carried on; but the mercantile and shipping MSS. of individuals and firms, includ- ing letter-books, ledgers, account books, log books and sea journals, show better how it was carried on. The most important public con- lections of this class are in the Beverly Hist. Society, the E.I., the H.C.L., the M.H.S. and the New Bedford Public Library. The bulk of such material is still in private hands, and much of it is destroyed every year by otherwise intelligent people. Although of slight in- trinsic value, these MSS. are of immense historic worth; the H.C.L. and the M.H.S. are always glad to store such papers without charge, or to receive them as gifts. Court Records, especially those of the Federal courts in Massachusetts, kept in the Boston Post Office building, are an untouched mine of information on maritime mat- ters; Sprague's Reports and the Digest of Federal Cases indicate the important cases.
2. NEWSPAPERS. Those of the smaller seaports, excepting New Bedford, afford much less information than do the Customs Records of the general course of commerce; but are valuable for their adver- tisements and stories of shipwrecks, sea-serpents, etc. But the Bos- ton papers are our sole source for Boston entrances and clearances, as the Boston Customs Records for this period have been destroyed. For the Federalist period the Columbian Centinel, and the Boston Price Current, beginning 1795 (for the later titles, and check-list, see Proceedings Am. Antiq. Soc., XXV, 278) are best; for the period 1815- 1842, P. P. F. Degrand's Boston Weekly Report (1819-27, best file in Boston Athenæum), Boston Commercial Gazette and Boston Daily Advertiser; for the period 1843-60, the Boston Shipping List and Price Current (very full information on commerce, and useful yearly summaries, best file at Boston Marine Museum, Old State House); Boston Atlas and Boston Journal. Hunt's Merchants' Magazine (N.Y., 1839-60) is a mine of commercial information.
3. STATISTICS. The Commerce and Navigation Reports, annually issued by the Secretary of the Treasury, are to be found in the American State Papers, Commerce and Navigation down to 1821; thenceforth issued separately, and also in the regular series of Con-
380
BIBLIOGRAPHY
gressional Documents. For the period 1783-1833, T. Pitkin, Sta- tistical View (New Haven, ed. of 1835); Adam Seybert, Statistical Annals (Phila. 1818); G. Watterston and N. B. Van Zandt, Tabular Statistical Views (Washington, 1828), and Continuation of same (1833) will be found more convenient. Many statistics are also given in Hunt's Merch. Mag. and in Samuel Hazard (ed.), Hazard's U.S. Commercial and Statistical Register (Phila., 1839-42). The State Censuses of 1837 (John P. Bigelow, Statistical Tables of Certain Branches of Industry, 1838), 1845 (John G. Palfrey, Ibid. 1846), and 1855 contain statistics on shipbuilding, fisheries and whaling only; that of 1865 gives also the coastwise fleet. The best single compila- tion of Mass. commercial statistics will be found in British Parlia- mentary Documents, Accounts and Papers, XLIX, Part I, 1846 (part xv of John Macgregor's Commercial Tariffs, etc.).
4. GENERAL SECONDARY WORKS. No history of Massachusetts pays the slightest attention to the maritime aspect after the colo- nial period; but Edward Channing, History of the U.S., vols. III and IV, contains much valuable data on American commerce to 1815. Emory R. Johnson et al., History of Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the U.S., 2 vols. (Washington, 1915), contains a useful digest of federal legislation affecting; shipping, fishing, etc. Grace Lee Nute, American Foreign Commerce 1825-1850 (Radcliffe doctoral disserta- tion in preparation), aims at completeness for that period. John R. Spears, The Story of the American Merchant Marine (N.Y., 1910), is the most honest book on that subject.
5. LOCAL HISTORIES of the maritime towns are usually inadequate or misleading on all maritime activities save privateering; excep- tions will be noted below. The "Topographical Descriptions" of various seaport towns in the Collections of the M.H.S. Ist ser., vols. I- IX (1792-1804), 2d ser., vols. III, IV, X (1815-23), 3d ser., II (1830), are valuable sources. John W. Barber, Historical Collections . . . of every Town in Massachusetts (Worcester, 1839), with woodcuts. There is a useful class of publications on the maritime aspects of certain towns: - Leavitt Sprague, Barnstable and Yarmouth Sea Captains and Ship Owners (p.p., 1913). Pamphlets prepared by Walton Adv. Co. for State St. Trust Co .: Old Shipping Days in Boston (1918), Some Merchants and Sea Captains of Old Boston (1919), Other Mer- chants and Sea Captains (1920). J. Henry Sears, Brewster Ship Masters (Yarmouthport, 1906). Edmund P. Collier, Deep Sea Cap- tains of Cohasset, (p.p.), Benj. L. Lindsey, Old Marblehead Sea Captains and the Ships in which They Sailed (Marblehead Hist.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Soc., 1915). Ralph D. Paine, Ships and Sailors of Old Salem (N.Y., 1908; Chicago, 1912), a topical and comprehensive history of Salem commerce and privateering. Old Time Ships of Salem (E. I., Salem, 1917) reproduces several famous Salem vessels in colors, with his- torical data.
6. BIOGRAPHIES, MEMOIRS, and AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OF MER- CHANTS, SHIPMASTERS, etc. These often contain letters and other source material of great value; many, however, are privately printed and scarce. Several good memoirs of Boston, Salem, and Newbury- port merchants will be found in the E.I.H.C., Proc. M.H.S., Free- man Hunt (ed.), Lives of American Merchants (N.Y., 1856); Hunt's Merc. Mag. (esp. vol. XI); W. H. Bayley & O. O. Jones, Hist. of the Marine Society of Newburyport (Nbpt., 1906); J. J. Currier, History of Newburyport (Nbpt., 1906) II, chap. XXII. Wm. H. Reed, Reminis- cences of Elisha Atkins (p.p., 1890). N. I. Bowditch, Memoir of Na- thaniel Bowditch (3d ed., Cambridge, 1884). [Ann Tracy], Reminis- cences of John Bromfield (Salem, 1852). H. C. Lodge, Life and Letters of George Cabot (1877). Roxana Dabney, Annals of the Dabney Family at Fayal (3 vols. p.p., 1892). Wm. T. Davis, Plymouth Memories of an Octogenarian (Plymouth, 1906). Anna E. Ticknor, Memoir of Samuel Eliot (p.p., 1869). Robert Bennet Forbes, Personal Remi- niscences (2d. ed., 1882, with additional material; extra-illustrated copy in H.C.L.). Sarah F. Hughes, Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes (2 vols, 1899). There is also a p.p. 5 vol. edition. Nathaniel Goddard, Boston Merchant, 1767-1853 (p.p., 1906). Ed- ward Gray, William Gray of Salem, Merchant (1914). T. F. Waters, Augustine Heard and his Friends (Publications of the Ipswich His- torical Society, XXI, 1916). T. W. Higginson, Life and Times of Stephen Higginson (1907). Osborn Howes, Autobiographical Sketch, Edited by his children (p.p., 1894). The Autobiography of Capt. Zach- ary G. Lamson 1797-1814, with Introduction and Historical Notes by O. T. Howe (1908). Martha Nichols (ed.), George Nichols, Salem Shipmaster and Merchant, An Autobiography (Salem, 1913). [Lucy W. Peabody], Henry Wayland Peabody, Merchant (West Medford, 1909). T. G. Cary, Memoir of Thomas Handasyd Perkins (1856). Nathaniel Silsbee, "Biographical Notes," E.I.H.C., xxxV (1899). Brief Sketch of Capt. Josiah Sturgis (1844). Julian Sturgis, From Books and Papers of Russell Sturgis (p.p., Oxford). J. D. Whidden, Ocean Life in the old Sailing Ship Days (1908). Family histories and genealogies, too numerous to mention here, also afforded much in- formation. See also under § 5.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
II. BY SUBJECTS 1
7. NORTHWEST COAST AND CHINA TRADE.
(a) MANUSCRIPTS (chaps. IV-VI and XVI-XVII). Bryant & Stur- gis MSS., Josiah Marshall MSS., J. P. Cushing MS. letter-book, Horatio A. Lamb, Notes on Trade with the Northwest Coast, 1790- 1810 (digest of records of J. & T. Lamb), in the H. C. L .; Boit MSS., Ship Columbia MSS., and John Hoskins, Narrative of the Columbia's Second Voyage, in M.H.S .; Solid Men of Boston in the Northwest, copy in M.H.S. from the Bancroft MSS., Berkeley, California. Augustine Heard MSS., John Suter MSS., and log of ship Massa- chusetts, in private possession. Journals of ships Concord, Margaret, Hamilton, and others in E.I., Salem. Reports of Laforêt, Barbé- Marbois, and De Guigne on early American trade with China in Archives des Affaires Etrangères, Paris, "Mémoires et Documents, Etats-Unis," VIII, 207, XIV, 164-69, 369-80; "Asie," XIX, 62, 141, 219.
(b) PRINTED SOURCES. The Journals of Samuel Shaw, with a life of the Author by Josiah Quincy (1847). John Boit, Jr., Remarks on the Ship Columbia's [second] Voyage, Proc. M.H.S., LIII (1920). Archibald Cambell, A Voyage round the World from 1805 to 1812 (N.Y., 1817). Richard J. Cleveland, Narrative of Voyages and Com- mercial Enterprises (2 vols., 1842, and I vol., 1850). Amasa Delano, Narrative of Voyages and Travels (1817), John D'Wolf, Voyage to the North Pacific and Journey through Siberia (Cambridge, 1861). Capt. Eliah Grimes, Letters from N.W. Coast (1822), in Washington Hist. Quart., XI, 174 (1920). Haswell's Journal of the Columbia's first Voyage, in appendix to H. H. Bancroft, Pacific States, XXII. John R. Jewitt, Narrative of Adventures (N.Y., 1816). Bernard Magee, "Observations on the Islands of Juan Fernandez," etc. in Collections of M.H.S., Ist ser., IV, 247. William Moulton, A Con- cise Extract from the Sea Journal ... written on board the Onico (Utica, N.Y., 1804). The Narrative of David Woodard and four Sea- men (London, 1804). William Sturgis, The Northwest Fur Trade (Old South Leaflets, no. 219). W. F. Taylor, Voyage Round the World in the U.S. Frigate Columbia (New Haven, 1843). William Tufts, "List of American vessels engaged in the Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1787-1809" (incomplete), in James G. Swan, Northwest Coast (N.Y., 1837), 423. Charles P. Low, Some Recollections, 1847-
1 The general sources and secondary authorities mentioned above have also been drawn upon for these subjects.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1873 (p.p., 1906). Katherine Hillard, My Mother's Journal (1900). William C. Hunter, The Fan Kwae at Canton before Treaty Days (London, 1882), and Bits of Old China (London, 1885). Robert B. Forbes, Remarks on China and the China Trade (1844). British Parliamentary Papers, 1830, VI, pp. 350-93.1 Charles Gützlaff, Sketch of Chinese History (London, 1834). John Phipps, Practical Treatise on China and the Eastern Trade (Calcutta, 1835).
(c) SECONDARY. For the Northwest Coast and early California trades: - H. H. Bancroft, History of the Pacific States, XIV (Cali- fornia, II), XXII, and XXIII (Northwest Coast, I, II, San Francisco, 1884). For the China trade: - Kenneth S. Latourette, The History of Early Relations between the United States and China, 1784-1844 (Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., xx, New Haven, 1917). For seal- ing :- A. Howard Clark, "The Antarctic Fur-Seal and Sea-El- ephant Industry," in G. B. Goode, Fisheries of the U.S. (Wash- ington, 1887), VII. Edward G. Porter, "The Ship Columbia and the Discovery of Oregon " with illustrations made on voyage, N.E. Mag., n.s., VI, 472 (1892); reprinted in Old South Leaflets, No. 131. Louis Becke and Walter Jeffery, The Tapu of Banderah (Phila., 1901). F. W. Howay, "The Voyage of the Hope, 1790-92," Washington Hist. Quart., XI (1920). C. G. Loring, "Memoir of William Sturgis," Proc. M.H.S., VII. See also §§ 5 and 6, above.
8. SALEM COMMERCE (chaps. VII, VIII, XIV, and part IV and IX). The Diary of William Bentley, D.D., 1784-1819 (4 vols., E.I., Salem, 1905-14). Numerous logs, and sea journals and other MSS. in E.I .; Thorndike MSS., Beverly Hist. Soc .; Cleveland MSS. and miscella- neous MSS. in Peabody Museum, Salem; Heard MSS., Silsbee MSS., and Howe MSS., in private hands. C. S. Osgood & H. M. Batchelder, Historical Sketch of Salem (Salem, 1879) and R. D. Paine, Ships and Sailors, are the best secondary accounts; the latter is also a guide to the printed material. Biographies of George Nichols, Edward Gray, Z. G. Lamson, Nathaniel Silsbee (see § 6). Robert E. Peabody, Merchant Venturers of Old Salem [the Derbys] (Boston, 1912). Nu- merous articles and much source material in the E.I.H.C. John C. Brent, "Leaves from an African Journal," in Knickerbocker Mag., 1848-50; Montgomery Parker, "Sketches in S. Africa," Ibid., 1850-53. Horatio Bridge, U.S.N., Journal of an African Cruiser ...
1 The title page of this volume is Reports from Committees, 3, East India Company's Affairs (Lord's Report). Session 5 February-23 July 1830. Vol. VI. It contains testimony by Joshua Bates and others on the American trade with China.
384
-
5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
edited by Nathaniel Hawthorne (N.Y., 1845). Narrative of the Cap- ture of the brig Mexican by Pirates (1832, reprinted in E.I.H.C., XXXIII). [J. Oliver and W. S. Dix], The Wreck of the Glide, with Recollections of the Fijiis, (N.Y., 1846). J. H. Reynolds, Voyage of the U.S. Frigate Potomac (N.Y., 1835).
9. SHIPS AND SHIPBUILDING (chaps. VIII and part of XVI). Henry Hall, Report on the Shipbuilding Industry (Washington, 1884) from the 10th Census, is a most unsatisfactory work, but reproduces the lines of some famous vessels. The studies of local shipbuilding sel- dom give more than the tonnage measurement, and not one dis- cusses the changes in design. A. Vernon Briggs, History of Ship- building on North River, Plymouth County, Mass. . . . 1640-1872 (1887), is most comprehensive and valuable. W. H. Summer, His- tory of East Boston, 697, gives a list of vessels there built through 1858. Capt. John Bradford, "Reminiscences of Duxbury Shipbuild- ing," in L. Bradford, Hist. of Duxbury. Charles Brooks, History of Medford (1855), pp. 366-79, gives a list of vessels there built be- tween 1803 and 1854; see also Medford Historical Register, I, 65, XV, 77. John J. Currier, Historical Sketch of Ship Building on the Merri- mac River (Nbpt., 1877). Wm. Leavitt, "Materials for the History of Shipbuilding in Salem," in E.I.H.C., VI, VII (1863-65), with full dimensions. A. F. Hitchings & Stephen W. Phillips, Ship Registers of the District of Salem and Beverly, 1789-1900 (Salem, 1906, re- printed from E.I.H.C., XXXIX-XLII) is a most useful work of refer- ence; there is great need of a similar one for Boston. H. H. Edes, Memorial of Josiah Barker (1891). R. B. Forbes, Notes on Ships of the Past (1885), and A New Rig for Ships (1849). R. H. Dana, The Seaman's Friend; containing a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with Plates; a Dictionary of Sea Terms, Customs and Usages of the Merchant Service; Laws relating to the Practical Duties of Master and Mariner (1841), is the most useful work of this sort.
10. SHIP PORTRAITS AND MODELS. The best public collections are in the Peabody Museum, Salem; the Boston Marine Museum, Old State House, Boston; the Old Dartmouth Historical Society, New Bedford; the Beverly Historical Society; the Marblehead Historical Society, and the Historical Society of Old Newbury, Newburyport. Private collections to which I have had access, through the kindness of the owners, are those of Charles H. Taylor, Jr., Allan Forbes, and Dr. O. T. Howe, Boston; Frederick C. Fletcher, Herbert Foster Otis, and Charles Torrey, Brookline; F. B. C. Bradlee, Marblehead; and Captain Arthur H. Clark, Newburyport. The East India House,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
New York, has a collection of paintings of Massachusetts clipper and packet-ships. Little is known of our ship painters. For Robert Salmon, see Proceedings Bostonian Society for Jan. 1895, p. 37. There is a catalogue of his works in the Boston Public Library. Of Bresay- ant's Antoine Roux et ses fils (Marseilles, circ. 1882), I have been unable to find a copy.
II. ARCHITECTURE AND SOCIAL LIFE OF THE MERCHANTS (chaps. IX and xv). Bentley's Diary (see § 8); Frank Cousins, The Colonial Architecture of Salem (1919); F. Cousins and P. M. Riley, The Wood- Carver of Salem, Samuel McIntire and his Work (1916). Mrs. E. Vale Smith, History of Newburyport (Nbpt., 1854); Sarah A. Emery, Reminiscences of a Nonagenarian (Nbpt., 1879). Albert Hale, Old Newburyport Houses (1912). Charles A. Cummings, "Architecture in Boston," in Justin Winsor, Memorial History of Boston, IV, chap. VIII. Bulletin of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, and Old Time New England, the new monthly magazine of the same Society. Ellen S. Bulfinch, Life and Letters of Charles Bulfinch (1896); Ashton R. Willard, "Charles Bulfinch the Archi- tect," in N.E. Mag., n.s., III, 273 (1890). Henry F. Bond, "Old Summer Street, Boston," Ibid., n.s., XIX, 333 (1898). Biographies of merchants (see § 6), esp. of Samuel Eliot and George Nichols. Mary H. Northend, Memories of Old Salem (Chicago, 1917). Act of Incorporation and By-laws of the East India Marine Society (Salem, 1899). Catalog of the "Cleopatra's Barge" Exhibition at the Peabody Museum (with bibliography, Salem, 1916).
12. THE FISHERIES (chaps. X and XIX). There is no wholly satis- factory account of the Massachusetts fisheries, based on original research. The best are Raymond McFarland, History of the New England Fisheries (Univ. of Penn., 1911); Lorenzo Sabine, Report on the Principal Fishermen of the American Seas (Washington, 1853); G. Brown Goode, Fisheries ... of the U.S. (Washington, 1887), VI (Section v, "History and Methods of the Fisheries," vol. I.). Of the local histories, the following are the most useful: Samuel Roads, Jr., History and Traditions of Marblehead (1880), (cf. Whidden's Ocean Life, cited above, § 6); John J. Babson, History of Gloucester (Gloucester, 1860); J. R. Pringle, History of Gloucester (Ibid., 1892); [Fred W. Tibbets, ed.], Memorial of the 250th anniversary of Glou- cester (Ibid., 1901); James Thatcher, History of Plymouth (2d ed., 1835); E. V. Bigelow, History of Cohasset (1898), Waldo Thompson, Swampscott (Lynn, 1885); Shebnah Rich, Truro - Cape Cod (Bos- ton, 1883); S. L. Deyo (ed.), History of Barnstable County (N.Y.,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1890); Everett I. Nye, History of Wellfleet (Hyannis, 1920). Con- siderable information and otherwise on the Gloucester fisheries, from various octogenarians' reminiscences, can be found in George H. Procter (compiler), The Fishermen's Memorial and Record Book (Glouc., 1873), The Fisheries of Gloucester, 1623-1876 (Ibid., 1876), The Fishermen's Own Book (Ibid., 1882); and Sylvanus Smith, Fish- eries of Cape Ann (Ibid., 1915). The best description of the life of the fishermen is J. Reynolds, Peter Gott the Cape Ann Fisherman (1856). The story of Beverly fisheries is largely in MSS. in the Bev- erly Hist. Society. For Cape Cod in the Federalist period, the "Topographical Descriptions" in the early volumes of Collections of the M.H.S., are most valuable, as are vol. III of Timothy Dwight, Travels in New England and New York (New Haven, 1822), vol. III, and E. A. Kendall, Travels Through the Northern Parts of the United States in 1807-08 (N.Y., 1809), vol. II. Thoreau's Cape Cod is the classic description for about 1850. Albert P. Brigham, Cape Cod and the Old Colony (N.Y., 1920) is an admirable study in regional geog- raphy. On separate branches: George B. Goode et al., Materials for a History of the Mackerel Fishery (from Annual Report of U.S. Com- missioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1881), Washington, 1883; Sheb- nah Rich, The Mackerel Fishery of North America (1879). Ernest Ingersoll, The Oyster Industry (Washington, 1881, a reprint from Goode's Fisheries). Joseph W. Collins, "Evolution of the American Fishing Schooner," N.E. Mag., n.s., XVIII, 336 (1898) is a most val- uable article. The models illustrated therein are now mostly in the E.I. and the Annisquam Yacht Club. Pictures of fishing vessels before 1860 are exceedingly rare.
13. FEDERALISM AND NEUTRAL TRADE (chap. XII). Beverly Ship- ping MSS., Bev. Hist. Soc .; Boit MSS. and William Gray Letter-book in private hands. G. R. Putnam, Lighthouses and Lightships of the U.S. (1917). Capt. Lawrence Furlong, American Coast Pilot (Nbpt., 1809). N. Spooner, Gleanings from Records of Boston Marine Society (Boston, 1875). Biographies of Bromfield, Forbes, Goddard, Gray, Lamson, Higginson, and Perkins cited in § 6, and S. E. Morison, H. G. Otis (1913). Elijah Cobb, Autobiographical Sketch (written about 1845, printed in Yarmouth Register, photostat copy in M.H.S.). R. E. Peabody, Merchant Venturers (§ 8); R. J. Cleveland, Voyages (§ 7). For South American Trade: - Charles Lyon Chandler, ar- ticles in Am. Hist. Rev., XXIII, 816-26 (1918), Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev., II, 26-54 (1919); III, 159-66 (1920); and Inter-American Acquaint- ances (2d ed., Sewanee, Tenn., 1917).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
14. EMBARGO AND WAR OF 1812 (chap. XIII). Biographies cited above. C. F. Adams (ed.), Memoirs of J. Q. Adams, II (Phila., 1874); Worthington C. Ford (ed.), Writings of J. Q. Adams, III, IV (N.Y., 1914). Histories of maritime towns, especially L. B. Ellis, History of New Bedford (Syracuse, N.Y., 1892); Freeman's Cape Cod and Swift's Cape Cod. Wm. Leavitt, "Private Armed Vessels of Salem," in E.I.H.C. for 1860. B. B. Crowninshield, "The Private Armed Ship America," E.I.H.C., XXXVII. Log of Brutus in Boston Marine Society; papers of the Grand Turk in Beverly Hist. Society. Bent- ley's Diary. David Porter, Journal of Cruise in U.S. Frigate Essex (N.Y., 1822). Autobiography of Elder Joseph Bates (Battle Creek, 1868); Report of Committee of House of Representatives on Im- pressments (1813); account of Salem impressments in E.I.H.C., XLIX, 321.
15. HAWAIIAN, SOUTH SEA, AND CALIFORNIA HIDE TRADE (chap. XVI). Bryant & Sturgis, Josiah Marshall, and James Hunnewell MSS., H.C.L .; S. E. Morison, "Boston Traders in Hawaii, 1789- 1823," Proc. M.H.S., LIV, 9 (October, 1920), and authorities therein cited. For California, see Charles E. Chapman, "The Literature of California History," Southwestern Hist. Quar., XXII, 318-52 (1919), and add Lieut. Joseph W. Revere, U.S.N., A Tour of Duty in Cali- fornia (N.Y., 1849). The classic narrative of this trade is R. H. Dana, Two Years before the Mast (N.Y., 1840, and numerous later editions). R. B. Forbes, Notes on Navigation (1884).
16. MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL BOSTON TO 1850 (chap. xv, and parts of others) has received much less adequate treatment than Salem. Hamilton A. Hill, Trade and Commerce of Boston (Reprinted from Professional and Industrial History of Suffolk Co., II, 1894) is a mere sketch, but useful as far as it goes. Bostonian Society Publica- tions, passim. Bowen's Picture of Boston (3d ed., 1838). State St. Trust Co. pamphlets (see § 5). Biographies (§ 6). N. Spooner, Gleanings (§ 13). James H. Lanman, "The Commerce of Boston," in Hunt's Merc. Mag., x, 421 (1844) and Charles Hudson "Mass. and her Resources," in Ibid., IX, 426. "Shipping of the Port of Bos- ton," in Ibid., XIV, 83 (1845). E. J. Howard, "Commercial Review of Fifty Years," in Boston Board of Trade, 27th and 29th Annual Reports (1880, 1882). The Life of Father Taylor, the Sailor Preacher (Boston, 1904), includes an earlier biography by Haven and Rus- sell, and several short sketches. Fitz Henry Smith, Jr., Storms and Shipwrecks in Boston Bay, and the Record of the Life Savers of Hull (p.p., 1918, reprinted from Bostonian Society Publications).
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