USA > Massachusetts > The story of the Thirty-second regiment, Massachusetts infantry. Whence it came; where it went; what it saw, and what it did > Part 3
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The chain of detached forts about the Capital, were, however, fully garrisoned, and in the city a force of cavalry was doing the work of a provost guard. Mounted sentinels were stationed at the street corners, and detachments patrolled the outly- ing wards. The railway station was guarded, and passengers leaving town were obliged to pass the inspection of the soldiery. At the depots of the commissary's and the quartermaster's stores, at the entrances to hospitals, about the offices of the departments, and at the door of the Executive Man- sion, sentries were posted day and night. One was rarely out of sight and hearing of officers and orderlies, as they galloped over the rough pave- ments or trailed their sabres on the walks, and everywhere came and went the springless supply- wagons of the army, with their six-mule teams and postilion drivers.
All this appearance of military rule and ward was no useless show. The city was full of enemies and spies. A large part of the resident population was hostile to the North. Very frequently at the approach of uniformed men, ladies gathered their skirts to prevent contaminating touch, and children shook their tiny fists and made grimaces of dislike.
If there seemed to be exceptional cases where officers were welcomed by secessionists, men or
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women, the attentions were apt to end in a request for aid to procure passes through our lines, or in wily cross-examination about posts or movements of the troops. There was but little tinsel ; except at the barracks of the marine corps, where old tradi- tions were preserved, there were no epaulettes, no chapeaux, no plumes, but everything spoke of real war service.
He who visits Washington now will find it hard to realize that that beautiful capital is the same as the dust and mud-covered town of 1862. He who has known it only as the beleaguered city of the war, would almost fail to recognize it in its changed con- dition.
It seemed at times as if we had been lost or for- gotten by the war department; but an occasional order, or the call for some report, betrayed a semi- consciousness of our existence. None of the authori- ties could take in the idea that we had only six com- panies, and when a funeral escort was wanted for the body of Lieutenant-Colonel Palmer, of the engi- neers, the order came to detail six companies, under a Lieutenant-Colonel, for that duty, and our com- manding officer thereupon detailed himself and his full command.
This escort was, in all our history. the only in- stance of show duty. Our newly-joined Assistant- Surgeon Faxon, with such daring as could come only from raw ignorance, volunteered to take the compliments of our commander to the General com- manding the Marine Corps, and to ask for the loan
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of his celebrated band. Whether the General was stunned by our impudence or flattered by the Doctor's blandishments, may never be known, but the request was complied with, and our march through the crowded city was made dazzling by the great band, with their plumed caps, scarlet coats, white trowsers, and gorgeous equipments.
Every point of military etiquette was observed in the ceremonial ; the command was in the best of condition, and we heard with great satisfaction the favorable comments from the crowds that thronged our way. "It takes the regulars," " volunteers never could do that," etc. And no doubt as we marched back to our camp of spacious tents, with the full assurance of ample rations prepared by company cooks awaiting our arrival, our breasts swelled with undue pride, for we saw in the future no premonitions of the tattered and hungry crew, who bearing our name and number, were to assist in puddling down the sacred soil of Virginia.
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Within the limits of our camp was a small and old cottage house, which being entirely unoccupied, we took for our hospital use. Although nearly worth- less for any purpose, the owner was hunted up and the endeavor was made to come to a settlement with him and pay rent during its occupancy, but the pro- prietor declined even to name a price, giving as his reason that he could get more by making a claim for it before the department, after we were gone.
At this hospital we first lost a man from our ranks by death. Hiram Varney of Gloucester, a plucky
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fellow, although too ill to have left the Fort, pre- vailed upon the post surgeon to allow him to go with the Regiment, but worn with the excitement and fatigue of the march, he fell into typhus fever and died. He was a soldier to the last. So long as he could raise his hand, he endeavored to salute his officers who came to the cotside, and when told of approaching death, he regretted that it had not been his fate to meet it in battle.
There were other incidents not so lugubrious. The waters of the Branch washed the foot of the bluff on which our camp was pitched, and when the days grew exceeding hot, Surgeon Adams advised that bathing should be prohibited through the heat of the day. Accordingly an order was published, appointing the hours for morning and evening bath- ing, and forbidding it at other times.
At noon one blistering hot day, two men being overtempted by the cool waters, were in the act of enjoying a stolen bath, when the sergeant with a file of the guard appeared and ordered the bathers to the shore. Upon coming to land, they found to their disgust that their clothing had preceded them to the guard tent. Attended by the sergeant and his men, the culprits were marched in puris up the bluff and through the whole length of the parade ground, run- ning the gauntlet of the jokes and gibes of their com- rades, who turned out in force to enjoy the exhibi- tion.
For a day or two after our arrival the cows of our secession neighbors were very troublesome. Turned
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out by their owners after milking in the morning, a herd of some twenty-five or thirty head fed through the day along the waste grounds of that part of Washington City, and returned at evening to their cribs. Both going and coming they habitually passed through our lines, and about among the tents, causing some trouble to the police guard, and much annoyance to the men. Sentinels could not leave their posts to chase cows, and no provision was to be found in the tactics or regulations applicable to this case. A provision was therefore invented. At noon a notice was posted at the guard tent, stating that thereafter it might be presumed that any cows found within the limits of the camp were sent thither by their owners, in order that the men should supply themselves with fresh milk.
When the herd returned that evening there was exhibited a scene which defies description. Upon each cow there attended upon the average about five men, who with soothing words and quieting gestures, sought an opportunity to drain the happy beeves ! A view of the camp was one of a confusing medley of cows, and of men with tin cups, slowly and quietly but almost continually waltzing about in every direction. All their exertions must have resulted in a considerable success, for the herd troubled us no more.
The guard served with loaded rifles, and when relieved were marched to a convenient spot by the waterside, where they emptied their guns one by one, firing at a target ; and to encourage careful prac-
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tice, he who made the best shot was allowed a fur- lough for the rest of the day. It was of course a matter of interest to the officers to watch the practice and the improvement of the men. On one occasion after the guard practice was ended, the Colonel desiring to test the new pieces, took a rifle from the sergeant, and by some accident his bullet hit the bull's eye of the target. He was complimented and perhaps a little surprised by the unanimous shout from the old guard, "give him a furlough."
The East Branch here must have been not far from a quarter of a mile wide. Our shore, as has been stated, was a high bluff, but the opposite bank was a low interval, cultivated as a market garden, and near the river stood the unpretentious cottage of the cultivator. As the colonel sat one day at his tent door, in such position that the edge of the bluff showed in sharp relief against the blue waters of the branch, there appeared coming up over the cliff, escorted by a corporal, a semblance of Neptune aris- ing from the Sea. It was after all only the garden farmer from over the river. He had crossed in his punt, and his resemblance to Neptune was owing in part to his sailor-like form and hat, but more to the precaution he had taken to bring his paddle along with him.
His errand at headquarters was to complain that the rifle balls at the time of target practice had a disagreeable way of glancing over the water and whistling about his premises, and he asked meekly if this could not be avoided, as it "made the
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women-folks nervous." Of course his wish was granted, and thereafter the guard discharged their rifles at a target in the bank on our side of the water. This compliance with his request resulted in a second appearance of our Neptune, who at this time brought two boxes of choice strawberries as a pres- ent to the commanding officer, and an expression of his thanks, to which he added the statement that there never had been such a regiment encamped near him,-"they were all gentlemen." We won- dered what kind of troops had preceded us, that we rose so high in his good graces merely because we refrained from shooting at his women-folks,-but the berries were thankfully accepted and warmly appre- ciated in the mess.
It was about this time that this delicious berry became so plentiful that three hundred quarts were issued as a special ration to the men.
June 24, 1862. Orders were received to move over to Alexandria, where a new brigade comprising the 32d was to be organized ; the order stated that the Regiment would be met at Alexandria by a staff officer who would conduct us to our camping ground.
Alexandria being a township about ten miles in length, the order was rather indefinite, but we marched to the town where we found no brigadier, no brigade, and no staff officer, and thereupon we proceeded to make an excursion through the town- ship in search of one of them. We soon found an aide-de-camp who conducted us to the locality in- tended, and pointed out the ground assigned to us, which was half a mile from any water.
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This, our first real march, is worthy of notice, as being almost the only one which was made without loss by straggling, and the only one made in accord- . ance with army regulations.
Six months afterward, when the allowance of wagons was only three to each regiment, we laughed as we remembered the twenty-three wagons which were required for this first - movement of ours. Our route covered sixteen miles, when, if the order had been decently explicit, only eight miles would have been required, but we soon learned that it was one of the customs of the service to make the orders as blind as possible.
Before nightfall our camp was made and our guards posted. No military authority had ever notified us of a countersign, we therefore as usual made our own, and consequently before morning bagged a half dozen of the officers from the neighboring forts, who were ignorant of it.
A Rhode Island Regiment, (Colonel Bliss', ) and one from Pennsylvania arrived the next day, and for several days we were in constant expectation of a brigadier, but before he turned up, June 29th, an order came for the 32d to be mustered early on the 30th by its commanding officer, and thereafter to pro- ceed forthwith to Alexandria, where transportation would be in readiness to take the command to Fort Monroe. At II A. M., we were in the street at Alexandria with all our baggage train, but the Gen- eral commanding there was drunk, the Post Quarter- master insolent, and nobody had ever heard any-
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thing about us or our transportation. After waiting until 4 P. M., receiving no orders nor even replies from Washington to our telegrams, we concluded to operate on our own hook, and when the Steamer Hero came to a landing near by, we took possession of her as a "military necessity," coaled her and started for our destination.
We found the aforesaid "military necessity" to be a poor shattered concern, already deeply laden with ammunition. The captain and crew were not in an amiable frame of mind at being so unceremo- niously gobbled up. They refused to allow the men to make coffee at the boiler fires, and when ordered to do so, the engineers and firemen left their posts in high dudgeon ; but when they found that we had a plenty of men competent to run the boat, and that it was their rations, not ours, that were stopped, they very submissively returned to their duty.
We arrived at Fort Monroe early on the 2d of July, and reported to General Dix, commanding that post. Here we heard of the seven days fighting across the Peninsula, and found the air full of exciting and contradictory rumors as to the incidents and result of the battles. Even General Dix had no precise information as to the whereabouts of Gen- eral McClellan, but he knew that he wanted more men and wanted them quick, and we were directed without disembarking to proceed up the river until we found the army. Facilities were provided for cooking the neccesary rations, and early in the after- noon, after receiving repeated injunctions to take
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every precaution against falling into the hands of the enemy, we weighed anchor and steamed away up the James. Our heavily-laden boat could not make the distance by daylight, and we passed the night at anchor in the river, with steam up and a large guard on duty, and with the early dawn were again underweigh, in search of the army.
To this time the Regiment had practically lived by itself; it had known nothing of generals, and not much of army men, but the time had come when it was to be absorbed into the army as a drop into the ocean.
III. ON THE PENINSULA.
IT was yet early morning when we steamed over Harrison Bar, and saw evidences of the vicinity of the Army of the Potomac. We had previously met quite a number of steamboats bound down the river, apparently heavily loaded with passengers ; and now, as the river widened out into a lake or bay, we came upon a large fleet of various kinds of crafts, freighted with ordnance, quartermaster's and com- missary stores, some at anchor in the river, and some hauled up to the left bank unloading their freight. The river banks were too high to enable us to see beyond, but all along them were men sitting or lying on the slopes, or bathing in the water. There were teams of mules driven down to drink, and wagoners using heavy whips and great oaths to persuade their beasts to draw the loaded wains up the rough tracks, cut diagonally into the faces of the bank.
As our steamer entered upon this stirring scene the musicians were ordered to the bows of the boat, and we moved on with our drums beating cheerily. We passed one long wharf, reaching out into the river, and thereabout saw a few tents and great piles
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of stores on the shore; then pushing our reconois- sance up the river, saw the army signs gradually disappear from the banks, until. at length opening a reach of the river we could see the gunboats, the slow booming of whose guns had been heard long before ; and here a guard-boat hailed to warn us to go no farther.
Satisfied that the wharf, which we had passed, was the proper place for our landing, we turned and steamed slowly in that direction. Presently a boat put off from the bank with an officer who signalled for the steamer to stop, came alongside, and deli- vered to our Colonel a torn fragment of a second- hand and soiled envelope, on which, in pencil, was scrawled the following order, our first from the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac :-
" To commanding officer of troops on steamer. Land your men at once and more direct up the road, and report to me at my headquarters, where you will be stopped. Come up with arms and ammunition (40 or 60 cartridges each man).
" This order is from General Mc Clellan. "F. f. PORTER, Brig. Gen."
In obedience to the order we hauled up to the wharf, and the men being already supplied with ammunition, but little time was lost in forming upon the pier. Leaving there a few men to unload and guard the baggage we moved up to the shore.
It is General Trochu who writes, that upon ap- proaching an army from the rear in time of battle,
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one always sees the same sights, conveying to one's mind the idea of a disorderly mob, and the fear of a great disaster. Our approach to the Army of the Potomac was from the rear in time of battle, and our experience confirms Trochu.
At the head of the wharf a mass of men were striving to pass the guard, hoping to get away on the steamer which had brought us. Passing them, we looked for the road up which we were ordered to move "direct." In every direction, and as far as we could see, the soil which twenty-four hours before had been covered with promising crops of almost ripened grain, was trodden into a deep clay mud, -so deep and so adhesive as, in several cases, to pull the boots and stockings from the soldiers' feet, and so universal as to have obliterated every sign of the original road. Everywhere were swarms of men in uniform, tattered and spattered with mud, but with no perceptible organization, wad- ing through the pasty ground. On and near the river bank were open boxes, barrels, casks, and bags of provision and forage, from which each man sup- plied himself without the forms of requisition, issue, or receipt. Everywhere too were mule-wagon teams struggling in the mire, and the air resounded with the oaths of the drivers, the creaking of the wagons, the voices of men shouting to each other, the bray of hungry mules, and the noise of bugle and drum calls, with an accompaniment of artillery firing on land and water.
To all these were added, when we appeared, shouts, not of hearty welcome and encouragement,
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such as we might naturally have expected from an overtasked army to its first reinforcement, but in derision of our clean dress and exact movements- warnings of terrible things awaiting us close at hand-questions as to how our patriotism was now- not one generous cheer.
Officers and men alike joined in this unseemly behavior, and even now when we know, as we did not then, the story of the terrible days of battle through which they had passed, and the sufferings that they had patiently endured, we cannot quite forgive their unmannerly reception of a recruiting force.
Through all this we succeeded in finding General Porter's headquarters, and by his direction were guided to a position a mile or more distant, and placed in line of battle with other troops in face of a thick wood. and then learned that we were assigned to the brigade of General Charles Griffin, division of General Morell, in Fitz John Porter's, afterward known as the Fifth army corps.
As soon as we were fairly in position our Colonel sought for the brigadier. The result was not exactly what his fancy may have painted. On a small heap of tolerably clean straw he found three or four officers stretched at full length. not very clean in appearance and evidently well nigh exhausted in condition. One of them, rather more piratical look- ing than the others, owned that he was General Griffin, and endeavored to exhibit some interest in the addition to his command, but it was very reluc-
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tantly that he acceeded to the request that he would show himself to the Regiment, in order that they might be able to recognize their brigade commander.
After a time however, the General mounted and rode to the head of our column of divisions. The Colonel ordered "attention" and the proper salute, and said : "Men, I want you to know and remember General Griffin, our Brigadier General." Griffin's address was perhaps the most elaborate he had ever made in public. "We've had a tough time men, and it is not over yet, but we have whaled them every time and can whale them again."
Our men, too well disciplined to cheer in the ranks, received the introduction and the speech, so far as was observed, in soldierly silence, but months afterward the General told that he heard a response from one man in the ranks who said, "Good God ! is that fellow a general." We all came to know him pretty well in time, and to like him too, and some of us to mourn deeply when he died of the fever in Texas, after the surrender.
The officers of our Field and Staff found in the edge of the wood just in front of the Regiment, a spot somewhat drier than the average, and occu- pied it, but not without opposition. A long and very muddy corporal was gently slumbering there, and on waking, recognized his disturbers by their clean apparel as new comers, and thought they might be raw. Pointing to an unexploded shell which lav near him on the ground. he calmly advised the officers not to stop there, as "a good
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many of them things had been dropping in all the morning." His strategy proved unsuccessful, for he was ranked out of his comfortable quarters and told to join his regiment.
After all, the day passed without an engagement, and the sound of guns gradually died away, until near evening, when the Brigade was moved about two miles away and bivouacked in a wood of holly trees, the men making beds of green corn-stalks, and going to them singing and laughing.
After the excitement of the day all slept soundly, but before midnight the Colonel was aroused by an orderly to receive a circular order which stated that owing to certain movements of the enemy, com- manding officers were to hold their commands on the alert. Not knowing what commanding officers were expected to do when they "held their commands on the alert." the Colonel accompanied the General's orderly to the headquarters of the 9th Massachusetts near by, and waited while its commander was aroused, and until he had perused the same order. Observing that after reading it the veteran quietly turned over and settled himself for a fresh nap, our Colonel returned to his repose, merely taking the precaution to have the horses saddled and bridled, by which bit of innocent faith in orders for alert, he lost the use of his saddle which had made an excel- lent pillow. The next day we received our baggage and moved out of the wood, pitching our camp in regulation shape.
I fear that the display of a full allowance of round Fremont tents may have caused some heart burnings
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ON THE PENINSULA. . 49
among our neighbors, who had nothing but shelter tents. It is certain that they were still inclined to scoff at our peculiarities, and already the demoraliz- ing effect of the prevalent negligence was felt in our ranks, for one of our captains, always before rather distinguished for the nicety of his dress, soon appeared splashed with mud from head to foot, and when asked why he did not remove it, he pleaded that it was the uniform of the Army of the Potomac. *
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Whoever, without a vast preponderance of forces, makes war to capture Richmond, must have the James River for his base of supply and must be able to control Harrison Landing.
When the campaign of the Army of the Potomac began, the iron-clad Merrimac barred access to the James, and the Army, which by way of that River might. without delay or loss, have flanked Magruder back to Malvern Hill, landed at Harrison's and operated on Richmond over a healthy and dry country, comparatively free from natural obstacles, -was compelled to resort to the narrow and tortu- ous Pamunkey, and to flounder among swamps and river crossings, always exposed to fight at disadvan- tage, and always weakened physically and mentally by the malaria of the marshes.
When, by the destruction of the Merrimac. the James was made available, the mind of General McClellan reverted to his original preference. For a long time he waited and stretched out his right wing to facilitate junction with McDowell, but when the
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last hope of that aid had disappeared, he hastened to abandon the Pamunkey for the broader and safer James. The movement was actually in progress when Johnston attacked what was already the rear of McClellan's column. During each day of that battle-week, the trains moved and the army fought, and every night the army abandoned the scene of a successful defence to close in upon the banks of the river, where alone they could hope for the sup- plies which they needed and the repose they had won.
The day before we joined, these rough and grimy troops had fought at Malvern perhaps the hardest of their fights, and had won the most complete of all their victories. And now they were again in com- munication with the North-in posession of the very key to Richmond-holding Lee as it were by a cord from any movement North, and needing only the . assistance of a tithe of the new levies to drive or flank him further south. But it pleased God that this should not be until years had passed away.
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