USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Ipswich > Town annual report of Ipswich 1890-1895 > Part 8
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The subject of Grammar is one that has given rise to frequent controversy. It is the science of language con- struction. And for the reason that language itself is the means through which the science oflanguage must be taught, it cannot be taught exactly in the manner of arithmetic or geography. In those branches instruction may be from the beginning. But instruction in language presupposes a par- tial acquaintance with language. We learn our speech by example before we learn it on principle. The science of Grammar implies a knowledge of the art of Grammar. There was a science of arithmetic before the art was prac- tised. But Grammar is generalized from facts that existed before such a science was thought of. Hence the study of Grammar may well proceed by way of analysis rather than of theoretical construction. Now because this analysis made use of a terminology of its own; and the whole com- prehensive value of the study did not reveal itself at once to young minds, a huc and cry arose against such an alleged
11
waste of time. The pupil was therefore forwarded to his destination by the route of language-lessons and grammar- made-easy; but at such easy going pace that he never seemed to get there. After an accumulation of text books upon this subject equaled only the pile of silver dollars in the United States treasury there is a tendency to return again to the former course. It is not thought a waste of time to teach principles whose full meaning may not be at once understood, but is sure to reveal itself in due time.
As often happens there is a mean course. The analytical method and the constructive method may well be employed alternately. In either case much practice is necessary for any valuable results. We are ready to praise the teacher who by either method impresses a school that there is a cer- tain business value in correct speech: that words have a defi- nite range of meaning, and each at times is more appropri- ate than any other: that there are also laws for the ar- rangement of words in such manner as to produce the best effect ; and that there is a value in felicity of speech where "words fitly spoken are like apples of gold in pictures of sil- ver." Whoever produces an active interest in these princi- ples is successful in teaching grammar. But we are sure that it needs animated teaching to make an animated school, and that a hundrum grammatical exercise is the most un- satisfactory product of pedagogy.
The most recent line of criticism claims that there is an excess of attention to arithmetic. The study of fractions it is said exhausts the principles of the science. All the rest of arithmetic consists of the application of these principles to various kinds of problems, which can be learned as required in the course of business. And the study can be abridged, they say, to give room to natural history or geometry. The student of geometry however soon needs an acquaintance with square root, without which his progress comes to an end. Such a course leads therefore to a smattering of two branches, rather than a thorough acquaintance with one.
-
-
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The names of leading educators give an air of importance to such statements. But plain people know that the responsi- bilities of business are sufficiently exacting without requir- ing the learning of its clerical details at one and the same time.
There are complaints that reach us from near home to the effect that the mere mechanical labor of performing the re- quired number of examples is often too great for the aver- age pupil's strength. Such complaints have been too fre- quent to be wholly without foundation. Yet the fault is so rare that the committee are inclined to look on it with in- dulgence. Some schools are dull even under a good teacher. It is a pleasure to see a live school,-a pleasure to observe a rate of motion that is visible at once,-a pleasure to see an effort that tries the full measure of strength. And all these pleasures are usually to be had in any of the three depart- ments of our grammar school. There is perhaps a peculiar fitness in speaking here a few words concerning the Princi- pal of that school. It is no secret among those that for a long time observe him at work in the school room that his faculty for gaining a boy's confidence and for maintaining a continued interest in school work make his qualifications somewhat exceptional. And we hope that the town may continue to receive the benefit of his services for years to come.
The music department of our school work is producing . good results. The study has been made a part of the work of every school from the lowest to the highest grade and the pupils have taken it up during the past year with much en- thusiasm.
By its study two objects are gained-it gives the pupil a pleasant relaxation from the monotony of their other . studies-and at the same time enables them to become fa -. miliar with the elementary principles of music and to make a practical use of their knowledge. If the parents would
13
visit the schools and listen to the singing of their children, it would require no argument to satisfy them that the mon- ey appropriated for this study is well expended.
The High School this year is interesting. Mr. Baker, the new Principal is doing satisfactory work, and in all re- spects exercising a salutary influence. The assistant is also a hard working and painstaking teacher. We believe not without reasons for confidence that the school will make at the end of the year a good appearance in its daily studies as well as in its graduating exercises.
It is true of the state at large and of Ipswich in particu- lar that the High School ante-dates the Primary. The High, or as it was long called, the Grammar School, is now ap- proaching its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary : and, it may be noticed, the town in establishing it did not wait for orders from the General Court, but supplied voluntarily its Own want of the means to prepare boys for Harvard Col- lege. The state however took the first step toward estab- lishing free public schools of a lower grade. We find the fol- lowing in the records of the year 1656. "The Selectmen taking notice of an order of Court, which orders the Selectmen to take care for the education of children, have agreed it shall be published next Lecture-day, intending it shall be diligent- ly put in execution." It is evident from this record that the town willingly obeyed the order. And so general was the willingness to comply with this requirement then as well as for many years after, that the state interfered but little with the local management of the institutions. Of late there has been a tendency to emphasize the central authority. Perhaps there has been a reason for it in the growing dif- ferences of towns, and the prevailing character of the popu- lation. Our attention is called in various ways to the claim that our common schools are state schools and the inference that must follow therefrom that the school committees are state officers, whom the state allows the towns to elect.
14
On this principle is based the recent proposal that the state shall collect a uniform school-tax, to be distributed again to the towns in proportion to the number of school children in the several places. Hence also the effort to secure legisla- tion which shall require the possession of a certificate from a board of State or County Examiners, as a condition of teaching in the public schools at all.
The history of our Grammar School Fund has some points of interest, some for encouragement, and others for warning. And the present is a suitable time to place before the town a brief account of it. On the 1st day of the 9th month, 1642, "It is granted that there shall be a free school." This school was endowed a few years later through the efforts and gifts of Mr. Robert Payne and others, supplemented with the gift by the town of a large tract of land in what is now Essex, and five "discreet and faithful persons" were appointed trustees to hold and manage the same for the maintenance of the school. This land in Essex was almost immediately leased to John Cogswell Jr., and the lease is substantially in these terms: This indenture made the 16th January, 1650(-51) between Daniel Dennison and others and John Cogswell Jr. witnesseth that said Den- nison and others have demised, granted and to farm letten, all that parcel of land commonly called The Neck, beyond Chebacco River, to the said John Cogswell Jr. during the space of one thousand years from date hereof to be fully complete and ended : paying therefor £4 in butter and cheese, £5 in beef and pork, and £5 in corn at current prices : pro- vided it shall be lawful for Cogswell to discount so much of the yearly rent as shall be at any time charged upon the land for town's rates, but not for country rates, or ministry maintenance. And if the rent be not paid they may distrain and in lack of sufficient distress they may reenter and poss- ess.
This lease has been in operation for two hundred and forty-one years. In the course of that time several contro-
15
versies have arisen, and been settled. The first doubt was as to the amount of strip or waste that the tenant might commit. This was soon decided. The lessors on the 19th December, 1651, gave him an additional indenture wherein they declared their intent he should improve the timber thereupon being at his own liberty and pleasure, and that he should not be liable to be called to account for any strip or waste of house or timber now or hereafter to be up- on the premises during the whole term of one thousand years.
Up to the 1683 the first gift made by Robert Payne had not yet been recorded in any public register. Thereupon he gave a deed of confirmation of the two acres of land with the house and school-house thereon, and at the same time made over his whole right and interest in the premises for the use of the school to the rest of the committee lately chosen and yet remaining and their successors, as any shall be taken away by death or any other way removed, so as to be inca- pable to act, and debarring his natural heirs from making any legal claim to the premises.
By the terms of the lease John Cogswell had the right to discount the rent to the extent of his town taxes on the school lands. But 1710 he with the other tenants, "being entered to have rights in the three-fifths of the dividable lands with others," obliged themselves, their heirs and suc- cessors to pay all town taxes proportionally as other inhab- itants are by law obliged.
About the 1720 the town set up the claim that the trus- tees had been given only a life estate in the premises, from which assumption it followed that they had no right to lease for one thousand years, but only during the term of their natural lives, or of that of the last survivor, and that their lease was therefore void. And the Selectmen assumed for a while the duties of the trustees against their protest. The tenants used this action as an excuse for refusing to pay the rent. There appears to have been also an attempt to
16
"'re-enter and possess," but it failed, like a recent claim set up by the town to Eagle Hill. There was a period of uncer- tainty however down to 1756 when the General Court by Statute provided that the four feoffees therein named should be a self-perpetuating body, and that the three oldest selectmen should ex-officio be added to their number: and that every trustee must be an inhabitant of Ipswich.
In 1765 another act substantially the same was passed and limited to twenty years from 1766. In 1786 the act was made perpetual. By its provisions the feoffees may lease their lands for a period not exceeding twenty-one years.
A case decided in 1844 concerned the alleged right of the tenants to deduct from the rent the amount of town taxes. But it has already been seen that this right was relinquished in 1710, and the decision of the court was given accordingly in a judgment for the feoffees.
In the statute of 1765 and in the last decision of the Su- preme Court the original grant of the town to trustees was construed to be in fee simple on the ground that early grants were accustomed to be made in perpetuity without a full legal form; that it was so understood by the town at the time, and by the feoffees themselves; that the lease granted to John Cogswell Jr. was made on that assumption, and that it was taken for granted in Mr. Robert Payne's deed of confirmation. The decision of 1844 also contains this language, "It is therefore perfectly clear that the feoffees have a good title to the reversion in the premises after the expiration of the lease for one thousand years, and in the mean time they are entitled to the rents reserved, unless that lease has been surrendered : and, if it has, then they are en- titled to a present estate in fee, and may recover on the count for use and occupation."
This property is now very valuable. A fair income from it would amount to several thousand dollars. But the pres- ent lease will not expire until Jan. 16, in the year 2651. It is
17
evident that the discreet men who first received this trust had little idea of the future of the country else they would not have allowed this large increment of value to accrue to individuals rather than to their beloved Grammar School. Only the Methusalehs now living can expect to see an over- flowing income from this large endowment. But the trus- tees appear to have grown wiser by the transaction, for when they had an opportunity to lease Little Neck, another part of their domain, they limited its operation to sixty years.
The school in all its vicissitudes has been a source of ben- eft to the town from the time when Lionel Chute first taught the sons of graduates from English Universities down to the present, when it is merged into the Manning School, to which its income is yearly appropriated. The zeal of the the fathers is a cause of gratitude, and a stimulus to the present generation, which finds the conditions for acquiring general education so favorable; and it is to be hoped that the learning of the schools may be tempered with living wis- dom, and wisdom be "justified of her children."
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PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS.
1892.
Appleton and Village. Wednesday, A. M., June 22
Argilla and Willowdale. Wednesday, P. M., June 22 Candlewood and Linebrook Thursday, A. M., June 23
Cogswell and North Primary Thursday, P. M., June 23
Dennison Primary and Wainwright. .Friday, A. M., June 24 Cogswell and North Intermediate. Friday, P. M., June 24 Dennison Inter. and Grammar 3 Div .. Monday, P. M., June 27 Grammar, 2d Div Tuesday, A. M., June 28
Grammar, 1st Div. Tuesday, P. M., June 28
High School, Wednesday, all day, June 29
Graduating exercises Thursday, P. M. June 30
NEXT SCHOOL YEAR.
First term 16 weeks begins Tuesday, September 6, 1892, and closes Friday, December 23, 1892. Vacation two weeks. Second term 12 weeks begins Monday, January 9, 1893, and closes Friday, March 31, 1893. Vacation one week.
Third term 12 weeks begins Monday, April 10, 1893 and closes Thursday, June 29th, 1893.
There will be no school on Friday of Thanksgiving week, nor on any of the legal holidays.
Regular meetings of the School Committee Tuesday be- fore the last Wednesday in every month, at 7:30 P. M.
IMPROVEMENTS AND REPAIRS NEEDED THIS YEAR.
The North School buildings should be painted, esti- mated cost. $150
A ventilating chimney at the Cogswell. 175
Other repairs. 125
The Committee ask an appropriation of four hundred and fifty dollars for the purpose above named.
19
APPROPRIATIONS.
The Committee recommend the following :
For Manning Schools
$2300 00
For other schools.
5800 00
For text books and supplies
800 00
For repairs and improvements
450 00
For vocal music.
250 00
$9600 00
Respectfully submitted
CHARLES A. SAYWARD, )
JOHN W. NOURSE, 1
WESLEY K. BELL, 1
CHARLES W. BAMFORD, §
School Committee of
T. FRANK WATERS,
JOHN H. COGSWELL, 1
Ipswich.
ANNUAL REPORT
-OF THE -~
Receipts, Expenditures, &c.,
-OF THE
TOWN OF IPSWICH,
-FOR THE-
YEAR ENDING FEBRUARY IST, 1893.
IPSWICH. MASS. : PRESS OF THE INDEPENDENT. 1893.
ANNUAL REPORT
-OF THE --
Receipts, Expenditures, &c.,
-OF THE -
TOWN OF IPSWICH.
- FOR THE -
YEAR ENDING FEBRUARY IST, 1893.
IPSWICH, MASS. : PRESS OF THE INDEPENDENT, 1893.
TOWN REPORT.
SCHOOLS.
APPROPRIATIONS :
Manning School $2300 00
Common Schools 5800 00
For Purchase of School Books and sup- plies. 800 00
For Repairs of School buildings. 500 00
For Instruction in Vocal Music. 250 00
Received from Mass. School Fund 218 31
Received from Dog Licenses. 379 39
10247 70
TEACHERS.
BILLS ALLOWED :
Trustees Manning School $2300 00
Isabelle Arthur, North Intermediate. 400 00
Eva A. Willcomb, North Primary 380 00
Susie H. Potter, ass't No. Primary and Wainwright 327 50
H. E. Noyes, Dennison Intermediate. 400 00
Lizzie M. Crosby, Dennison Primary 199 50
Emma G. Blanchard, Dennison Primary and Wainwright. 380 00
Anna S. Cogswell, ass't Dennison Primary 280 00
M. Elma Smith, Cogswell Intermediate 400 00
4
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
Mabel L. Hodgkins, Cogswell Primiry 380 00
Cora A. Smith, Argilla District 225 00
Cora H. Jewett, Candlewood 131 25
Cora H. Jewett, Grape Island. 81 25
Susie C. Cobb, Grape Island 112 50
Allegra Manning, Appleton District
200 00
Sadie W. Matthews, Willowdale and Wainwright 253 75
Mabel R. Willis, Willowdale 18 75
Emma L. Colley, Linebrook
120 00
Laura B. Underhill, Linebrook
157 50
E. Mabel Adams, Village and ass't No. Primary 264 25
Josephine C. Colby, Village District. 118 75
A. E. Bradford, teacher of music 210 25
Carrie L. Lakeman, 3d Div. Grammar School 500 00
7840.25
SCHOOL BOOKS AND SUPPLIES.
BILLS ALLOWED :
University Publishing Co $ 53 59
William Ware & Co.
10 25
Ginn & Co 132 19
Leach, Shewell & Sanborn 73 35
American Book Co 105 24
Boston School Supply Co
105 24
George S. Perry & Co
39 70
J. L. Hammatt.
54 01
George S. King & Merrill
109 50
Lee & Shepherd.
4 20
Carl Schoenhof.
1 14
Elzevir Co
57
A. W. Mitchell
60
Effingham, Maynard & Co 16 80
D. C. Heath & Co 6 50
Thompson, Brown & Co
12 50
Silver, Burdett & Co
20 00
Houghton, Mifflin & Co
5 36
-- $750 74
FUEL.
BILLS ALLOWED : W. H. Lavalette, wood $19 00
5
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
Austin Carter,
84 00
Lewis Choate,
54 25
John Perkins,
66
10 00
George E. Johnson,
28 00
Aaron Lord,
20 00
Oliver A. Bailey,
66
11 00
Charles M. Perley,
22 00
T. B. Falls & Son,
coal
66 81
J. S. Glover,
85 47
W. G. Brown,
70 92
Joseph E. Cowan, sawing wood
3 50
Thomas Travers, "
4 43
- -$479 38
CARE OF SCHOOL HOUSES.
BILLS ALLOWED :
William H. Kirk,
janitor $200 00
Arthur Cowan,
6 60
George E. Smith,
66
8 00
H. W. Lavalette, 66
5 00
L. O. Purinton,
8 00
Jesse H. Whipple,
10 00
John H. Bailey,
10 00
Lena Packard,
66
2 50
William H. Kirk, cleaning and labor about the school-houses 9 05
$259 15
REPAIRS.
BILLS ALLOWED :
S. F. Canney, lumber
$ 22 45
George Fall,
15 68
J. H. Lakeman, labor, repairs 8 00
H. A. Pickard,
66
36 35
J. W. Bailey & Son,
16 63
E. W. Choate,
18 01
Foster Russell,
66
6 50
J. Howard Lakeman, “
1 50
J. W. Newman, 66
66
1 85
W. Emery & Co., blinds 2 40
John W. Goodhue, sundries
39 12
F. T. Goodhue, 1 22
Foss & Butler, painting
174 70
Samuel S. Foss, setting glass 2 40
6
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
A. H. Plouff, conductors 13 28
A. II. Plouff, stoves and repairs 46 99
Austin L. Lord, repairs, chimneys 163 72
M. Nolan, iron work for chimneys 8 50
- $579 30
INCIDENTALS.
BILLS ALLOWED :
Trustees Manning School, rent. $225 00
J. A. Blake, chemicals, 1891-1892, 22 96
E. G. Hull, printing cards 26 60
Chron. Pub. Co., printing invitations .... 12 00
Burdette Business College, engrossing di- plomas 6 00
C. W. Bamford, ribbon for diplomas 3 20
2 00
Mudoch Grate Co., slide for damper
2 70
E. Plouff, broom 40
A. H. Plouff, sundries 15 92
J. W. Goodhue, sundries 1 47
J. W. Newman. sundries 2 75
1 10
Charles O. Falls, ringing bell.
3 00
J. B. Mitchell, labor on vaults
2 00
Luther A. Lord, labor
2 00
John H. Baker,
R. R. Horton, 4 33
2 80
Mary A. Rutherford, labor cleaning
5 50
Mary Thomas,
David A. Grady, horse hire 5 00
1 00
W. Boynton,
Jackson & Co.'s Express 22 25
S. R. Harris, express 2 50
2 30
Estate of W. Smith, express.
L. A. Fickett, express 2 35
1 60
A. Tenney, express
$393 73
RECAPITULATION.
Paid Trustees Manning School and School Teachers $7840 25
Paid for School Books 750 74
Paid for Fuel 479 38
Paid for Care of School-houses 259 15
Blanche R. Brown, desks
Howard Blake, repairing clock
15 00
7
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
Paid for Repairs 579 30
Paid for Incidentals 393 73
-- $10302 55
CURRENT EXPENSES.
-
TOWN HOUSE.
BILLS ALLOWED :
George W. Baker, janitor $199 93
Ipswich Gas Co 125 35
Austin Carter, wood. 4 00
J. S. Glover, coal 47 45
W. G. Brown, coal. 44 88
J. M. Dunnels, stove and funnel for lockup 27 27
A. H. Plouff, furnace. 200 00
A. H. Plouff, repairs. 1 79
1 75
S. F. Canney, lumber
C. Damon & Co., sundries
75
M. Newman, globes and chimneys 1 23
T. F. Cogswell, sundries 87
J. W. Newman, repairs
1 20
J. Sullivan,
labor
6 50
George W. Baker, “ 26 00
Isaac Buzzell, 4 75
Chron. Pub. Co., envelopes and stationery 6 50
J. A. Blake, stationery and account books 1891 and 1892 7 75
$707 97
CEMETERIES.
APPROPRIATIONS :
For general care and improvement. $500 00
For the way to Highland cemetery 300 00 BILLS ALLOWED : James Griffing, 53 forest trees $50 00
J. W. Goodhue, paint and oil 30 64
J. W. Goodhue, fence wire. 20 55
Augustine Staniford, painting fence 47 99
Henry Russell, stone.
42 00
John A. Smith, teaming stone. 26 50
8
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
S. F. Canney, rails and lumber 52 46
George Fall, posts .. 55 26
Zina Goodell, gates for cemetery 70 00 .
Wm. G. Brown, gravel.
4 60
Webster Smith, setting post.
1 25
Philip E. Clark, manure for cemetery 20 00
Philip E. Clark, labor 22 45
Wesley B. Copp, ( (
5 00
Edmund Geer,
2 50
Jesse Warren,
51 00
George W. Goodwin,
8 00
James Griffing,
95 74
Edward Bodwell, 15 00
J. B. Scott, 1 00
G. A. Pickard, 23 10
2 00
Charles W. Spiller, 66
5 00
John H. Baker, 20 55
16 50
William B. Clark,
11 25
J. Kinnear, 8 00
John A. Smith,
7 88
Charles Jewett, 7 88
David Grady, 66
5 25
· James McLaughlin, 66
3 00
Sylvester Brown, 66
4 00
John L. Russell, 66
3 20
Luther Lord, labor and teaming 59 88
George Fall, lumber
12 29
T. F. Cogswell, wheel barrow
2 25
Charles H. S nith, gold leafing letters 5 00
---- $818 97
RESERVOIRS.
BILLS ALLOWED :
W. G. Brown, labor $ 7 50
IV. G. Brown, cement and sand 5 00
C. H. Rollins, labor 29 42
$41 92
INCIDENTALS.
BILLS ALLOWED : George W. Baker, care of tramps .......... $ 85 00
Charles E. Goodhue, expense of tramps .....
95
Luther A. Lord,
W. H. Kirk,
9
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
F. E. Hodgdon, expense of tramps 65
N. M. Jewett,
6 20
C. T. Littlefield,
30
C. H. Rollins, 35
T. E. Condon, bread for tramps. 5 45
T. E. Condon, sundries. 1 54
N. M Jewett, travelling expenses. 5 15
George A. Schofield, travelling expenses .. 1 75 . .
Fairbanks & Co., weigh books.
6 00
S. R. Harris, hauling lumber for T. scales .. 6 46
G. McQuesten & Co., lumber for scales 41 01
Fairbanks & Co., new scales 129 00
C. Damon & Co., expense T. scales 2 08
George Fall, lumber T. scales. 1 49
C. E. Smith, repairs on T. scales 30
George W. Baker, meals for prisoners. 21 60
Chron. Pub. Co, publishing notices and printing 35 10
Joseph Spiller, serving notice 1 00
Stephen Ross, labor for Board of Health. 6 00
E. G. Hull, adv. for Board of Health
12 99
J. W. Russell, distributing Health Reg. 4 00 .. George W. Smith, stationery and postage Board of Health. 1 08
E. G. Hull, printing Town Report. 52 90
66
School 15 20
ballots and registra-
tion 8 00
E. G. Hull, printing tax bills 5 50
advertising. 14 00
Oscar Littlefield, distributing town reports Ebin R. Smith, stationery
96
M. R. Warren, books and stationery
9 73
C. IV. Bamford, stationery.
5 37
Damrell & Upham, town officer.
2 50
J. Sargent, postage and travelling expense Postage for Selectmen
7 53
2 49
George W. Baker, putting up voting shelves. 1 50
Walter F. Gould, ballot clerk 5 00
David A. Grady,
10 00
Chester W. Bamford, "
5 00
5 00
10
IPSWICH TOWN REPORT.
C. S. Willcomb, teller 5 00
M. V. B. Perley, 66
5 00
Wm. A. Stackpole, 66
5 00
George W. Smith, 66
5 00
F. W. Kyes, ballot inspector
5 00
George H. Tozer, “ 5 00
Paid Gen. J. Appleton Post.
100 00
George W. Sherburne, ringing bell 3 75
H. H. Lord, 66
44 11
H. H. Lord, repair
75
George A. Schofield, taking census
15 00
Aaron Lord,
15 00
20 00
J. H. Cogswell, taking census of children N. R. Farley, copying Commoner's Records Ives & Co., binding record books 18 00
75 00
66 account books. 25 00
9 50
N. R. Farley, copying valuation for state Walter E. Lord, fare and expense, State house 8 94
Walter E. Lord, keys and bolt .. 1 50
G. A. Schofield, expense paid at Court .. ....
1 84
C. A. Sayward, services on boundary line 30 00
C. A. Sayward, council and
drawing statement. 27 50
Perry & White, legal services in obtaining injunction in Feoffee case 15 00
Perry & White, legal opinion on meeting on water question. 25 00
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