USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Plymouth > Town annual report of Plymouth, MA 1884-1889 > Part 15
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SCIENCE.
The subject of the introduction of more science into pur schools was discussed in the report of last year, but
17
little has been actually done, simply because the teachers have not had the means to work with. If our teachers were trained scientists, they would need little more than the order to begin the work ; but it is not discreditable to our teachers that they are not trained scientists, for even if they are graduates of the Normal Schools, or Colleges, they have found but little in those institutions that would make them acquainted with the elementary facts of modern science, and would give them such a knowl- edge of its principles and methods as would enable them, independent of class books, to impart to young children, in attractive manner such knowledge of the workings of nature around them as they can comprehend. This power implies a great deal. It implies that the teachers themselves have acquired habits of obser- vation and thought sufficient to lead the minds of children to notice those relations which, in their untrained grasp of facts, they will naturally fail to see. Now, there are already as many studies in the schools as the time allowed to teachers and scholars will permit, and if anything new is attempted, it can only be substituted for something else. A change can be made in the reading department. Instead of the common class book for miscellaneous reading we can substitute, in part, class books in science, which can now be had in abundance and variety, suitable for all grades of schools, from the Primary to the High School. These books will serve to give the needed help to teachers, who can use them according to their best judgment as reading lessons, After the reading lesson, conversation
18
should follow, which would explain difficulties, increase the interest and give the inspiration that would drive the scholars, on the first opportunity, to the fields, the woods and the waters ; to the wharves, the machine shops and the factories, to bring home trophies which the teachers, in many instances, must again explain. After this, a little essay, summing up the scholar's experience, will put his observations in order, and impress the subject on his mind. In order to meet these exigencies, reference books ought to be furnished, sufficient to supply all the demands of the school, and to tide over the difficulties which must, at first, exist there. The work of the Primary Schools will be limited, of course, to the simplest facts, used, for the most part, to cultivate the perceptive faculties of the children, especi- ally the sense of sight ; for they must begin early, if,.in the course of a long life, they are to learn to see. Throughout the different grades of schools, the skilful teacher would, of course, adapt the instruction to the expanding powers of the scholar.
If this course of reading were pursued in our schools, beginning with the Primary and ending in the Grammar schools, it would change the character of the instruction given there. Instead of the excessive mechanical drill, to which an unreasonable importance is attached, we should have more freedom and variety of movement, more that would attract and arouse the scholar, and develop in him, from his earliest years, the habit of original investi- gation. The self-activity which this treatment would bring about, would be of more value than any knowledge
19
acquired in the common course of instruction, for it would cultivate the reasoning powers of the pupil so as to enable him to deal successfully with the daily questions of common life.
In conclusion, a cordial invitation is offered to all who are interested in the schools of the Town. to visit them and examine for themselves. Any such attention would be very pleasing to the teachers, encouraging to the scholars, and, it is confidently believed, gratifying to the visitors themselves.
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES BURTON, Superintendent.
PLYMOUTH, February, 1886.
APPENDIX.
Population of the Town 7,239
Children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. 1,234
Number of Public Schools 34
Number of Private Schools 2
Months the Public Schools were in session. 10
Months the Private Schools were in session 10
Number of School-houses 28
Number of teachers in High School . 4
Number of teachers in Grammar Schools. 4
Number of teachers in Intermediate Schools.
9
Number of teachers in Primary Schools
15
Number of teachers in Ungraded Schools.
5
Number of scholars in Public Schools.
1,461
Average number belonging.
1,136
Average attendance
1,043
Number between 8 and 14 years of age. 743
Number over 15 years of age. 146
,20
STATISTICS.
LOCATION OF SCHOOLS.
GRADES.
TEACHERS.
Salaries.
Enrollment.
Average
Membership.
Average
Attendance.
Green,
High School,
A. J. Eaton,
$1,500
150
130
123
Carrie E. Small,
800
Ellen W. Beane,
700
Emma F. Briggs,
700
Russell Street,
Grammar,
Aaron H. Cornish,
1,000
62
57
45
Mount Pleasant,
Grammar,
Seth S. Crocker,
1,000
66
48
43
North,
Grammar,
Charles F. Cole,
1,000
54
44
39
Chiltonville,
Grammar,
Elmer E. Sherman,
800
50
43
39
South Plymouth, North,
Intermediate,
Henry R. Hitchcock,
600
56
52
41
Wellingsley,
Intermediate,
Addie L. Bartlett,
360
35
29
25
Russell Street,
Third Grade,
Carrie I. Mace,
360
62
57
53
Mount Pleasant,
Third Grade,
Augusta M. Morton,
360
52
47
40
Russell Street,
Second Grade,
M. Alice Aldrich,
320
39
37
33
Russell Street,
Second Grade,
Anna A. Jones,
320
42
38
32
Mount Pleasant, North,
Second Grade,
Lucy M. Harlow,
320
15
14
13
Cold Spring,
Primary,
Frances E, Hovey,
280
41
36
27
School Street,
Primary,
Priscilla Perkins,
280
41
36
34
South Street,
Primary,
Grace D. Chandler,
280
34
31
28
2d South Street, Oak Street,
Primary,
May H. Chandler,
280
57
30
28
North,
Primary,
Mary Moning,
280
47
40
33
South Street,
Sub-Primary,
Judith C. Howland,
280
63
43
37
Spring Street,
Sub-Primary,
Jennie C. Whitten,
280
49
37
28
Oak Grove,
Sub-Primary,
Nellie M. Smith,
280
38
30
22
Cold Spring,
Sub-Primary,
Mary J. Ellis,
280
49
32
20
North,
Sub-Primary,
Anna Klingenhagen,
280
63
46
36
South Plymouth, Cliff,
Primary,
Martha W. Whitmore,
260
26
24
20
Chiltonville,
Primary,
Susie F. Churchill,
260
21
17
16
Russell Mills,
Primary,
Mary A, Morton.
260
31
18
17
South Pond,
Ungraded,
Katie N. Sampson,
300
23
17
15
Long Pond,
Ungraded,
Addie E. Thrasher,
260
17
13
9
Cedarville,
Ungraded,
Hepsie E. Pierce,
360
23
17
16
Ungraded,
Frances A. Hadaway,
260
10
9
7
West District, Gurnet,
Ungraded,
Ella F. Holmes,
130
3
2
2
Grammar,
Mary L. Holmes,
400
31
26
23
Second Grade,
Nelia D. Burbank,
320
56
54
47
Primary,
Charlotte R. Bearce,
280
24
19
16
Primary,
Lydia A. Sampson,
260
31
22
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ANNUAL REPORT
- - -OF THE- -
TOWN OFFICERS
- -OF THE-
TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
-FOR THE- -
FINANCIAL YEAR ENDING JANUARY Ist,
1887 PUL
PŁYN
PLYMOUTH : AVERY & DOTEN, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS. 1887.
ANNUAL REPORT
-OF THE-
TOWN OFFICERS
-OF THE
TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
-FOR THE
FINANCIAL YEAR ENDING JANUARY Ist,
1887.
PLYMOUTH : AVERY & DOTEN, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS. 1887.
PLYMOUTH PUBLIC LIBRARY
108- 1887
REPORT OF THE SELECTMEN.
The Selectmen submit the following report for the year 1886:
The Treasurer's books have been examined and found correct, and all payments properly vouched.
The Treasurer is charged for the year with :
Cash on hand, Jan. 1, 1886
Cash from- $18,167 54
Water rents, labor and materials.
15,353 65
County, dog fund. 670 43
Sale of lots in Vine Hills Cemetery
507 33
Agawam and Half-way Pond fishery
193 50
Dividend from Old Colony National Bank.
400 00
Interest from delinquent taxes
423 27
Interest on Training Green fund
28 58
Pedlars' licenses
13 50
Rebate of interest on loans.
13 81
State aid refunded
1,379 00
Indigent State aid refunded
536 53
National Bank tax from State of Massachusetts ..
2,188 92
Corporation tax.
6,869 24
Interest from Warren fund
50 00
Billiard and rink licenses
10 00
Land rent . 6 00
Poor Department, reimbursements
1,407 47
Road Department, reimbursements 1,984 87
Insane poor, reimbursements
841 39
Carried forward $51,045 03
4
Amount brought forward. $51,045 03
Cash from-
Contingent, reimbursements . 161 10
School Department, reimbursements 766 88
School Department, reimbursements from Murdock fund. 18 25
Poor Department, reimbursements from Murdock fund. 18 25
Widows' fund, reimbursements
10 00
Fines, violation by-laws
2 00
Sale of herring brooks.
23 50
Circus license 37 50
Taxes of 1884
2,013 22
Taxes of 1885 5,742 00
Taxes of 1886
63,327 76
Water Department, reimbursements. 4,949 44
Burial Hill
125 90
Tax sales.
71
New road, reimbursements. 3 00
$128,244 54
The Treasurer is credited with payments as follows:
To payments on-
Account Duxbury & Cohasset Railroad loan .. $1,500 00
Note at Plymouth Savings Bank. 1,000 00
Note to Estate Susan Manter. 200 00
National Bank tax 3,765 05
State tax 4,110 00
County tax. 5,055 34
Vine Hills Cemetery.
253 68
Widows.
143 00
Water Works, loans and extensions
18,655 07
Amount carried forward $34,682 14
5
Amount brought forward $34,682 14
To payments on-
Watch and police
1,238 69
Treasurer
600 00
Sexton.
125 00
Town debt and interest
2,299 88
State aid.
1,346 75
Schools
23,644 35
Roads and bridges
11,193 29
New roads.
1,911 41
Insane poor
2,597 39
Poor.
8,703 02
Fire Department
3,560 00
Burial Hill .
250 87
Contingent
3,031 81
Lighting streets and Town House
1,721 19
Assessors 805 76
Plymouth Public Library
1,000 00
Agawam and Half-way Pond fishery
92 68
Warren fund
128 90
Collector of Taxes
504 58
$99,437 71
To cash paid-
Indigent soldiers
1,129 64
Abatements
808 85
Chiltonville water extension
4,047 42
New reservoir 5,254 20
Water Scrip Sinking Fund trustees
317 50
North Intermediate school, balance account.
700 00
Samuel Sampson, administrator estate Alice B. Sampson
1,000 00
Cash on hand.
15,549 22
$128,244 54
6
The undrawn balances of the several departments are as follows :
Fresh Brook fishery
$4 92
Vine Hills Cemetery
459 93
Town debt and interest 424 73
Watch and police
41 18
Lighting streets and Town House
292 94
Tax sales.
71
Abatements
766 49
Roads and bridges
1,282 57
Fire Department.
649 44.
Water Works
2,773 11
Warren fund
1,064 93
Collector of Taxes
8 99
Contingent.
129 29
Schools .
240 78
Assessors
139 60
Training Green fund
732 07
$9,011 68
The overdrawn balances of the several departments are as follows, viz .:
$31 00
Insane poor
564 82
Indigent aid.
New roads. 208 41
4,047 42
Chiltonville water extension
New reservoir 5,254 20
Poor 416 77
$10,522 62
7
TOWN DEBT.
WATER LOAN FUNDED.
70,000 four per cent. bonds, dated June
1, 1885, payable within 30 years in proportional payments of $2,800 each year, commencing June 1, 1890 $70,000 00
20,000 six per cent. bonds, dated Aug. 1, 1864, payable Aug. 1, 1894. 20,000 00 2,000 six per cent. bonds, due June 1, 1885 2,000 00
Note to Plymouth Savings Bank, due April 1, 1890, interest 5 per cent ... 6,000 00
Note to Plymouth Five Cents Savings Bank, due Aug. 2, 1890, interest 4} per cent. 6,000 00
- $104,000 00
DUXBURY AND COHASSET RAILROAD LOAN. Note to Plymouth Savings Bank, due
April 1, 1890, interest 4 per cent $6,000 00 Note to Plymouth Five Cents Savings Bank, due April 1, 1890, interest 4 per cent . . 6,000 00
12,000 00
$116,000 00
8
TEMPORARY LOAN. Amount brought forward. $116,000 00
Note to Plymouth Savings Bank, pay- able April 13, 1888, interest 4 per cent $5,000 00
Note to Plymouth Five Cents Savings Bank, payable March 20, 1888, interest 4 per cent 6,700 00
Note to Plymouth Savings Bank, pay- able Sept. 18, 1886, interest 4 per cent. 10,000 00
Note to Plymouth Savings Bank, on demand, interest 4 per cent. 6,000 00
Note to Plymouth Savings Bank, pay- able March 30, 1891, interest 4 per cent 5,000 00
Notes to sundry parties.
4,900 00
$37,600 00
Undrawn balance of the several departments. 9,011 68
$162,611 68
LESS.
Uncollected taxes, 1885 $1,615 75
Uncollected taxes, 1886 7,272 92
State aid due from State 1,346 75
Indigent aid due from State 564 82
Cash on hand 15,549 22
26,349 46
Net debt, December 31, 1886
$136,262 22
Net debt, December 31, 1885 135,141 32
Increase of debt in 1886 $1,120 90
Net amount of debt, Dec. 31, 1886. .. $136,262 22
Net less Water Scrip Sinking Fund, Dec. 31, 1886 . 5,398 68
Debt less Sinking Fund, Dec. 31, 1886 130,863 54 Debt less Sinking Fund, Dec. 31, 1885 131,270 34
Decrease in debt, less Sinking Fund, 1886. .. $406 80
9
Payments have been made during the year on account of Duxbury & Cohasset Railroad Loan, of $1,500, making the funded debt $116,000 against #117,500 last year. There has also been paid, on temporary indebtedness, the sum of $1,200, making the reduction in funded and temporary indebtednes $2,700 the past year.
The over drafts, including the sums expended for new reser- voir, and Chiltonville water extension, are $5,561.73 in excess of last year, which is in part offset by the following items of credit, viz. : payment on account of loans as above stated, $2,700 gain in Bank and Corporation taxes, and miscellaneous receipts in excess of revenue covered into the treasury, $1,740.83, leaving a balance of $1,120.90, which represents the increase of the debt for the year.
There has been added to the Water Scrip Sinking Fund during the year from net income from Water Works in 1885, the sum of $1,000, balance of premium on Water Loan, $317.50, and income from the fund, $210.20, which added to the fund of last year, makes its present value, Dec. 31, 1886, $5,398.68. There will be available for the fund an additional sum of $2,50C, net income from Water Works the past year, which, with the increased market value of the securities, give assurance that the fund will amply provide for meeting the loan on account of Pumping Station, due in 1890.
Authority was given the Selectmen, at the meeting authoriz- ing the Water Commissioners to construct a new reservoir, to provide for the expenditure by a loan, limited within a period of 10 years. As the work is not completed, and further addi- tions to the Works are contemplated, it has been deemed advisable to await the action of the Town, when a new loan can be authorized, which shall distribute the payments both in time and amount, so as not to increase existing obligations, and become burdensome to the Town, as the loan as at present authorized is likely to do.
10
The whole amount assessed for taxes in 1886 was $70,600, against $71,526.06 in 1885, with an increased valuation of $372,875, of which $179,200 was in real, and $193,675 in per- sonal property, reducing the rate from $14.00 in 1885 to $12.80 in 1886. The present rate is not likely to be maintained with the increased appropriations to be provided for at the annual meeting.
There has been expended during the year for Indigent aid to soldiers, the sum of $1,129.64. The amount due from the State will leave a deficiency of $564.82 to be provided for.
TOWN DEBT AND INTEREST ACCOUNT.
Dec. 31, 1885. CR. By balance from old account. $487 53
By appropriation. 3,000 00
By rebate of interest on note paid before maturity, 13 81
By interest received from delinquent taxes 423 27
$3,924 61
DR.
To payment of interest on Duxbury & Cohasset Railroad loan $510 00
To interest on temporary loans .... 1,684 67
To interest on loans in anticipation of
taxes 105 21
To payments on principal of outstand-
ing loans. 1,200 00
3,499 88
Undrawn.
$424 73
To provide for the payment of interest on temporary and Duxbury & Cohasset Railroad loans, with a payment on account of outstanding loans of $1,000, will require an appro- priation of $2,800, which is recommended.
11
ROADS AND BRIDGES.
Dec. 31, 1885. CR.
By-
Balance from old account $1,390 99
Appropriation 9,100 00
Cash from George F. Weston, sidewalk improve-
ment
21 00
Reimbursement from Poor Department 436 55
Reimbursement from new road department 1,527 32
$12,475 86
CONTRA, DR.
To payments in 1886 11,193 29
Undrawn. $1,282 57
The gross expenditure for roads and bridges, the past year, has been $11,193.29, against $10,019.23 last year, and less the work on new roads and earnings of the teams in other depart- ments, is $9,228.42 against $8,109.01 in 1885. The difference being principally in the item of labor, the Town having voted to increase the pay of its laborers to $2.00 per day, which went into effect on the 1st of April.
A special appropriation of $600 was made at the annual meeting, to improve the drainage at the junction of High with Summer Street and Willard Place. It was found necessary to effectually provide for the surface water, to carry it under the main street from the foot of High Street, by laying an 18-inch pipe from that point, through Willard Place to the brook below, and connect it with under pipes to receive the surface water from Summer Street above that point. It has so far proved effective, and with the change of grade and removal of the rough pavement on Willard Place, has removed all cause of
12
complaint and proved satisfactory to those living near and passing over that locality. The cost of the improvement was $606, slightly exceeding the appropriation.
There has been expended for permanent improvement of sidewalks, $1,127.87, of which $174.25 was for repairs on con- crete walks, the balance being for new work.
The general repairs on roads, in other respects, has not varied materially from the previous year, but with the addition of new roads and increased cost of labor, an appropriation of $8,000, in addition to the balance standing to the credit of the account, and the further sum of $1,000 for permanent improvement of the sidewalks is recommended.
NEW ROADS.
Dec. 31. 1885. DR.
To balance of old account $3,826 10
To payments in 1886
1,911 41
CR.
$5,737 51
By appropriation for deficiency $3,826 00
By appropriation for 1886 1,700 00
By reimbursement. 3 00
5,529 00
Overdrawn $208 51
Of the above expenditure on account of new roads, the sum of $1,267.67 has been expended for the construction of Whiting Street, $439.47 for the construction of Nelson Street, $168.77 for working the road at Cedarville, and $35.50 for surveys and outstanding bills on Court Street widening, in all, $1,911.41, creating a deficiency of $208.41, as shown in the account.
13
The working of Nelson Street and road at Cedarville were ordered by the County Commissioners, the latter being a county way, the former a town way, involving a cost for land damages disproportionate to the benefit to the Town.
An order of notice has been served on the Town by the County Commissioners, for the widening of Main Street, which assesses upon the Town as its proportion of the cost, the sum of eight thousand dollars, the same to be paid into the County Treasury, on or before June 1, of the present year, which will largely increase the appropriations in this department, unless otherwise provided for by the Town. There remains of un- finished work in this department, the working of Bartlett Street, and the widening lately made by the Commissioners at the junction of South and Pleasant Streets, for which an approp- riation of $400 will be needed.
A petition and survey, for the laying out of a town way from Summer to Stafford Street, has been presented to the Select- men, upon which a hearing has been granted, and the proposed route carefully looked over, to judge of its feasibility and probable costs.
The Selectmen find that the cost for land damages and con- struction will probable equal, if not exceed, $5,000.00, that the demand for, and convenience of, public travel between the points named, would not justify such an expenditure by the Town, that the road would not make available land to any extent suitable for building purposes, it would also be an ex- pensive road to maintain, owing to the grade and character of the soil.
There is already a good and sufficient way accessible to most of the population living in that vicinity, which would not be materially improved in case the road petitioned for was built, to relieve the parties living on the line of the road, who at present, may suffer some inconvenince in case of snow, and from making occasional repairs on the bridge over the stream
14
of the Robinson Iron Co., the Selectmen recommenned that the repairs and removal of snow be borne by the Town, and such repairs made on the present way, as will accommdate the demands of travel over it.
An appropriation of $8,400 to include the amount needed to provide for the estimated expenditures, is submitted.
WATER WORKS.
Dec. 31, 1885. CR.
By balance of old account. $1,125 09
By receipts from Collector 15,353 65
By reimbursements from new reservoir account .. 902 02
By reimbursements for payments on account Chil- tonville water extension. 4,047 42
CONTRA, DR.
$21,428 18
To payments in 1886
18,655 07
Undrawn. $2,773 11
The income from Water Works the past year, less the amount received for labor and materials supplied to the Plymouth Cordage Co., is $14,771.42, against $14,670.30 in 1885, showing an apparent gain for the year in receipts of $101.12. The expenditures for the same time have been $12,123.40, against $13,563.03, a difference in expenditure of $1,439.63 and includ-
ing balance of last year, after payment of $1,000 to trustees of Water Scrip Sinking fund, viz .: $125.09, there remains a balance to the credit of the Works for the year of $2,773.11 as appears in the statement, which under a vote of the Town will be applied to the sinking fund. The funding of the loan effecting a saving in interest charges of $1,400 annually, accounts in part for the increased net income from the Works. Of the loan
15
due in 1885, $2,000 of the bonds are still outstanding, on which coupons for 2 years' interest are unpaid, as the funds for the payment remain in the treasury until called for, they do not, as would otherwise appear, count as a part of the water debt.
There has been expended during the year for extensions, the sum of $1,080.55, which has been charged in the general expenses, and in estimating what credit should be given to the Works, this sum should be added to the net income. With the addition to the Works now in progress and contemplated, the expenses will be increased, and it is difficult to estimate with any certainty, while extensions are included in expenses, what income can be relied upon as a basis to provide for a sinking fund or retirement of new loans. Reference to the report of the Commissioners and Superintendent will give the detailed operations for the year.
LIGHTING STREETS AND TOWN HOUSE.
Dec. 31, 1885. CR.
By balance of old account
$14 13
By appropriation 2,000 00
$2,014 13
DR.
To payments in 1886 $1,721 19
Undrawn. $292 94
The action of the Town at its Annual Meeting in appropriat- ing an additional sum for street lights, was understood by the Selectmen as indicating a desire on the part of the Town, to test the system of lighting the streets by electricity. Arrangements were accordingly entered into with the Plymouth Electric Light Co., to furnish 7 electric lights, to be located in the most travelled parts of the Town, at a cost of 40 cents per night, to burn 300 nights in the year, and to be
e
g in
f
e
16
kept lighted from dark until 12 P. M., at a cost for the year of $120.00 each. This number has displaced 14 gas lights, costing $284.00. There are now 40 street lights burning gas, and 21 burning either oil or illuminating gas, in addition to the 7 electric lights, the cost of the present system, including gas supplied the Town House, will cost about $2,000 annually. The electric light having been in operation since May 20, the public have had an opportunity to form a comparison of the merits of the two systems, and determine by their action the method to be adopted for the present year.
In case the present system is continued, an appropriation of $1,750 will be required.
CONTINGENT.
March 13, 1886.
CR.
By-
Appropriation
$3,000 00
Sewer rights.
149 94
Sundry items
11 16
3,161 10
DR.
To paid-
Services of Town Clerk. $167 90
Printing town report, &c 355 97
Bills for fires in the woods 284 63
Ellis Benson, care town clock. 25 00
125 00
Lock-up expenses 38 64
Carriage hire, Selectmen 5 00
Services Board of Registration
80 00
Legal expenses .
35 00
Grand Army, Decoration Day
J. Cox, Boston Directory 5 00
17
To paid- Repairs on safe and fitting up Treasurer's room .. $476 23
Cost of sewers 100 44
Guide boards
4 20
Paint for Chiltonville Burial Ground fence
33 25
Expenses of Board of Health
159 04
Janitor of Town House 129 56
Rent of halls 90 00
Pay of Moderator and Tellers at Town Meetings.
16 00
W. T. Davis, on account School Fund.
9 80
B. A. Hathaway, Inland Fisheries 6 00
Edgar C. Raymond, return of deaths
35 75
Returns of births ..
37 00
Coal bills, town house.
88 37
Postage stamps, &c.
50 26
Labor on furnace
5 25
Services of Selectmen
625 00
Sundries
43 53
$3,031 82
Undrawn.
129 28
$3,161 10
SCHOOLS.
March 13, 1886. CR.
By appropriation . $21,300 00
By appropriation for books and supplies 1,800 00
By appropriation for deficiency 581 38
By transfer from new school-house appropriation. .. 700 00
By School fund from State 66 88
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