USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Plymouth > Town annual report of Plymouth, MA 1926-1927 > Part 37
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100
90
80
70
PERCENTAGE
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
/
2
3
4
5
GRADES
PERCENTAGE WHO HAVE EVER HAD WORK DONE BY THEIR OWN DENTIST. PERCENTAGE WITH CAVITIES OF FIRST SET. PERCENTAGE WITH CAVITIES OF SECOND SET.
PERCENTAGE WITH CAVITIES OF FIRST AND SECOND SETS.
E.R.Harlow Jr.
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It is evident from the above graph as shown by the continuous line that 74% of the pupils of the first grade have cavities of the first or deciduous teeth, and that the number increases up to the third grade and then rapidly declines as the teeth loosen and fall out until in the sixth grade 27% still have a few of the first set present and decaying.
The most striking feature of the graph is the high per- centage of pupils with cavities of the second or permam- ent set as shown by the interrupted line, but it should be borne in mind that in the examination from which the figures used here are taken, slight faults in the enamel called fissures, are included. The pictures would be quite different if open cavities alone had been recorded.
It appears that 44% of the pupils in the first grade have permanent teeth (sixth year molars) which are de- cayed or threatened with decay. The number of pupils so affeected then rapidly increases until in the third grade 83% of the whole number have defective perman- ent teeth. In the fourth grade for some reason which is not evident there is a slight improvement but in the fifth grade 90% of the pupils are affected, a condition which hardly improves in the sixth grade. In the face of such a showing the little that we can do to stay the tide of dental caries seems insignificant but it is evident that we shall accomplish most by doing repair work only in the early grades when it will be most effective in checking the disease. Our best chance of accomplish- ment however will be to implant a desire for a sound set of teeth in the mind of the child by every possible means of which we can avail ourselves. Working with this idea Miss White has planned and carried out a course of in- struction in dental hygiene which has attracted much favorable attention.
The dot and dash line in the graph showing the per- centage of pupils with cavities of both first and second teeth approaches the continuous line of those with cav-
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ities of the first teeth, as the second teeth become more numerous in the second grade, and follows that line very consistently throughout.
The dotted line showing the percentage of pupils who have had work done by their own dentist although prob- ably not very accurate in the early grades will give an idea of the proportion of pupils interested enough in preserv- ing their teeth to seek the services of a dentist. When we see that between fifty and sixty percent of the pupils of the fourth, fifth and sixth grades (and here we feel that our figures are dependable) have at some time had dental work done on their own initiative we are led to feel that the situation is not hopeless.
In the past year since the 100% plan has been in effect we know that many pupils who had never before done so have sought the services of a dentist.
To sum up, although the prevalence of dental caries among the pupils is rather appalling we feel that we are working out our problem in the right way in the light of recent knowledge and that having now an accurate record of the situation we shall in the future be in a posi- tion to demonstrate the results that we are getting.
The report of the dental hygienist follows :
REPORT OF ORAL HYGIENE DEPARTMENT & DENTAL CLINIC
My dear Dr. Shaw:
I hereby submit my report :
ORAL HYGIENE DEPARTMENT
Number of children having teeth cleaned ... 1,042 Number of Oral Hygiene lessons taught in schools . 315
During September and October I assisted the dentists in examining the teeth in the first six grades, thus mak-'
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ing the total of my prophylactic treatments less than in previous years.
In my teaching this year I have including the following subjects : "Teeth In General," "Where They Are" and "What They Are For," "What Makes Teeth," How We Ourselves Can Help To Build Sound Teeth."
(In teaching diet I have used stories, mimiographed pictures, to color, songs and rhymes, and blackboard drawing, allowing the children themselves to lead.)
"Care of the Teeth and the Proper Way to Clean Them." (Toothbrush drills and dental floss drills in the class room are a part of this lesson. I have the children bring a small mirror, such as found in a lady's pocketbook and pass out a piece of gauze and a piece of dental floss, watching each one until he or she can use it. This drill is used in grades three and four. The toothbrush drill is taught in grades one and two. The children bring their brushes to school in a waxed envelope which I give them. They are then given water, salt and a paper towel and remain in their seats while I help each one. At the end of the drill each child comes with me to the sink and is shown how to rinse the mouth and the brush.)
"Decay." "Value of the Dentist." "How and When To Call Upon Him." "Respect For Him."
"The Growth of the New Teeth and the Loss of the First Teeth."
(I have the children draw the teeth with colored crayons which helps to impress the lesson upon their minds.)
"The Toothbrush." "Kind and How To Care For It."
The toothbrushes are examined in May and are tagged if they are in good condition. Every toothbrush which is not in good condition I destroy and replace it with a new
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one, having the children bring me five cents for it at an- other time.
At the end of the year rewards are given out to those who have taken good care of their teeth.
The children in the first six grades will have their teeth examined at the beginning of every year, and a chart sent home to the parents indicating the results found. It is our hope that the parents will take their children to the family dentist and have him attend to all necessary cavities. When the children go to their dentist they should take the white card given out in school, and have the dentist cross off the teeth as he corrects them, signing the card when finished when it should be returned to the school. This permits us to check up on the number of children who have had their teeth attended to. It is most important that the tiniest crack in a tooth be filled as this often- times prevents the necessity of filling that tooth ever again, where if the tiny crack is neglected and not filled, in the course of six months or a year the entire inside of the tooth may be lost.
For our teaching in the schools and also in out dental clinic, which is maintained through the cooperation of the Board of Health we are following a policy advocated by the Division of Hygiene of the State Department of Health, and we believe that this policy enables us to give the little people who come to us the very best help that it. is possible to give them with the means at our disposal.
REPORT OF DENTAL CLINIC
Number of examinations 1604
Number of temporary teeth extracted 135
Number of permanent teeth extracted 26
Number of fillings 169
Note :- We are only filling second teeth because of the short amount of time we have, so that all the fillings are permanent ones, nearly every one a silver one, with the exception of an occasional por- celain.
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Number of treatments (toothaches) 37 Total number of patients (not individuals) 303:
Many of these patients returned several times, needing more than one treatment.
Number of patients finished at clinic 51
We still have the services of a dentist only two morn- ings each week, so have to limit our work to that which seems most important. Thus we do not fill any first teeth here at the clinic. First teeth should be filled to help pre- vent toothache and to keep the tooth in place until the new tooth is ready to take its place.
Amount of money taken in at clinic $131.05
School Dentists-Dr. E. H. Donovan. Dr. W. O. Dyer.
Respectfully submitted,
(Signed) GLADYS S. WHITE, D. H.
Dental Hygienist.
PRE-SCHOOL EXAMINATION
For the first time in the history of our schools an op- portunity has been given parents to have children who are to enter school in September examined for physical defects so that they might be corrected before that time. Circulars were distributed assigning certain times and places when and where the examinations would be made by the school physician.
The response to the invitation was gratifying and arrangements were made by the nurse so that the exam- inations were conducted in a quiet and orderly manner without interruption of or interference with the ordinary work of the schools where they were held.
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One hundred and sixty children were examined and three hundred and thirteen defects disclosed, among which were defects of hearings six, eye eight, nervous system four, orthopedic thirty, lungs two, heart two, glands four, throat seventy, teeth one hundred and twenty, and malnutrition twenty-three.
CONFERENCES
Conferences have been held with the teachers by the School Physician each month of the school year as fol- lows :
January-Vaccination. (History of Smallpox.)
February-Vaccination. (Modern methods and reac- tions.)
March-Vaccination. (Demonstration.)
April-The 100% plan.
May-"The School Task," a chapter from Burnham's "Normal Mind."
June-Questions and review of accomplishments, 1926- 1927.
September-Review of helpful points in "The School Task."
October-Anterior Poliomyelitis.
November-The Story of Nutrition.
December-The Vitamines and the part they play in nutrition.
As a result of the conferences on vaccination certain definite rules were adopted for the better enforcement of the law, and a general checking up was put into effect.
The suggestion of an Annual Sanitary Survey, now adopted, came originally from a "Survey of Eighty-six Cities" which was taken up in the conferences in 1926. The 100% plan and a more general and effective use of the scales in teaching health may also be attributed to that useful "Survey" which suggested some ways in which we might improve our health work in the schools.
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CONTAGIOUS DISEASE
There have been some absences from whooping-cough throughout the year not confined to any one locality, and never approaching the character of an epidemic.
In October two cultures from pupils at the Knapp School were returned positive for diphtheria, and many weeks elapsed before negative cultures could be obtained from their throats.
No other positive cultures were obtained at the Knapp school, although the pupils were watched very closely.
In November, a culture taken from a pupil in the Hedge School was returned positive for diptheria. No other positive culture was obtained from pupils in this or any other school.
STATISTICS
Number of inspections 855
Number of examinations 2,518
Number of notices sent to. parents 1,000
Number of pupils referred to nurse 96
Number of permits signed by school physician . . 699
Number of permits signed by other physicians . . 110
Number of pupils excluded 31
Number of corrections of notifiable defects 470
Number of partial corrections notifiable defects. . 266
Defects found for which notices were sent to parents :
Eye 34 Orthopedic 384
Ear
24
Scalp 1
Gland
5 Skin 1
Lung
1
* Teeth 150
Nose 269
Throat 517
*No notices of defects of the teeth were sent to parents after June, as all mouths were later charted by the den- tists and parents fully informed as to conditions.
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List of Corrections :
Notifiable defects :
Eye 26 Orthopedic 65
Gland
84
Skin
3
Lung
10
Teeth
38
Heart
5 Throat 102
Nose
34 Nervous system 103
Non-notifiable defects :
Appearance
183 Nutrition 63
Mucous membrane . . 87 Posture 346
Respectfully submitted,
(Signed) J. HOLBROOK SHAW, M. D.,
School Physician.
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SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
The Number of Pupils in Each School and Grade as of Dec. 31, 1927 Grade
School
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |8 |9 |10 |11|12
High
127|112|99|74
412
Junior High
250|214
464
Hedge
44
37
38
43
39
37
459
43
32
32
43
40
31
Knapp
42
37
25
37
29
33
252
23
13
13
41
41
21
38
38
276
Cornish
26
35
36
Burton
43
33
37
146
33
Mt. Pleasant
34
33
40
37
35
43
222
Cold Spring
26
21
47
Oak St.
21
17
18
15
71
Lincoln St.
20
15
35
Manomet
9
3
7
15
7
8
49
Wellingsley
9
4
1
4
18
Cliff St.
3
3
2
3
6
17
Russell Mills
4|
8
6
5
23
Cedarville
7
1
2
5
5
20
Alden St.
19
8
27
South St.
26
26
Fresh Air
1
2
4
2
1
3
13
Total
323|293 283|275 245 |282 |250 214 |127|112 99 74| 2,577
Total
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EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS
1925
1926
1927
Certificates to Minors 14 to 16,
112
157
142
Certificates to Minors 16 to 21,
282
353
514
There were 173 minors between fourteen and sixteen years of age who within the calendar year 1927, were employed while schools were in session.
SCHOOLS CENSUS
Males
Females
Persons £ 5 to 7 years,
233
247
Total 480
Persons
7 to 14 years,
768
810
1,578
Persons 14 to 16 years,
204
202
406
Total,
1,205
1,259
2,464
TO THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
Mr. Anson B. Handy
Dear Sir :-
I respectfully submit the following report of school ab- sentees from January 1, 1927 to January 1, 1928.
Absentees Sickness Truancy Total
Cornish School,
3
6 10
0
9
Hedge School,
37
2
48
Knapp School,
2
0
1
3
Lincoln Street School,
0
1
0
1
Mt. Pleasant School,
8
1
0
9
Nathaniel Morton School, 82
99
11
192
Russell Mill's School,
2
0
0
2
South Street School,
9
16
0
25
-
143
133
14
290
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Cases investigated for Superintendent's Office, 14
Employment Certificates investigated, 15
Investigated for night school, 21
Number of homes visited, 340
Visits to schools, 23
+ Children found on street and taken to school, 3 Brought to court for keeping children from school, 1
Total number of investigations, 367
Again I wish to thank the Superintendent and teachers for the kind assistance which they have given in the gen- eral routine of work during the past year.
Respectfully submitted,
JOHN ARMSTRONG,
Attendance Officer ..
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SCHOOL DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES
(*) New teachers employed in 1927
Office
Anson B. Handy
Alice Murphy
High School
*Wayne M. Shipman, Prin. Ruth E. Cummings Marjorie E. Darling
*Mary E. Driscoll
Frank E. Fash
Paulyle W. Flavell Dorothy A. Goodenough
*Louise B. Humphrey Helen C. Johnson
Edgar J. Mongan
Nellie Allen Pihl
Miriam Johnson Raymond *John E. Reed
Richard Smiley Helen F. Swift
*Margie E. Wilber Edwin B. Young
History
Domestic Science
Stenography
Stenography, Type., Business Training
Algebra, Physics, Chemistry
French
History
English
Bookkeeping, Type.
Mathematics
Spanish, Hist., Athletics
Junior and Senior English Com. Law, Econ., Civics, Advertising
Biology, Junior English English, Dean of Girls Latin Gen. Science, Agriculture
156a Sandwich Street
11 Sever Street
17 Pleasant Street
13 Whiting Street
11 Mt. Pleasant Street
8 Park Avenue
17 Pleasant Street
13 Whiting Street
13 Whiting Street
220 Sandwich Street
67 Warren Avenue
7 Whiting Street
30 Whiting Street
236 Sandwich Street
14 Clyfton Street 5 Stephens Street
4 Maple Place
Junior High School
Katharine A. O'Brien
*Doris Annis Helen H. Baker Sadie H. Barrett M. Agnes Burke
Principal
Eng., Math., Social Studies
10 Clyfton Street
English
English
23 Nelson Street
13 Whiting Street
Cooking
35 Mayflower Street
11 Lothrop Street
Supt. of Schools
Secretary
5 Bay View Avenue
167 Court Street
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Junior High School-Continued
Esther M. Chandler Gladys M. Cobb T. Beatrice Curran Mary M. Dolan
Ellen M. Downey
Social Stud., Music
Manual Training
Math., Guidance
Manual Training
Social Stud., Gen. Sci.
35 Mayflower Street
Bus. Tr., Type.
13 Whiting Street
Cooking, Sewing
13 Whiting Street
13 Whiting Street
Hedge School
Elizabeth H. Sampson
Principal
Clifford Road
Hazel Bates
Grade I-B
30 Pleasant Street.
Estella Butland
Grade II-B
4 Massasoit Street
Florence B. Corey
Grade VI-B
133 Court Street
*Jessie M. Davies Lulu M. Hoyt
Grade III-A
13 Whiting Street
Cora M. Irwin
Grade I-A
11 Sever Street
Edith C. M. Johnson
Grade II-A
13 Whiting Street
*Evelyn L. Peck
Grade IV-B
280 Court Street
Grade V-B
12 Washington Street
*Barbara R. Perrier Helen F. Perrier Susan M. Quinn
Grade IV-A
12 Washington Street
Grade VI-A
146 Main St., Kingston
Ethel D. Tolman
Grade III-B
21 Chilton Street
Knapp School
William I. Whitney, Prin. Grade VI
70 Sandwich Street 37 Union Street
Annie S. Burgess
Grade III
Margaret L. Christie
Grade II
401 Court Street
Lydia E. Holmes
Grade V
261 Court Street
Maude H. Lermond
Grade VI
79 Court Street
Lucy E. Rae
Grade I
3 Centennial Street
Flora G. Stevens
Grade I
11 Park Avenue
Katherine G. Zahn
Grade V
320 Court Street
62 Evergreen st, King. 5 Davis Street 78 Sandwich Street
11 Lothrop Street 19 Oak Street
*Deane E. Eldridge Margaret K. Elliott
* William H. Howe Una Kelleher Edith Newton
*Frances Smith *Marion Spaulding
English, Math.
French, Gen. Lang., Eng. Math., Hygiene, Phy., Ed. Mathematics
Math., Eng., Social Stud.
20 Winslow Street 4 Cushman Street 45 Pleasant Street
Grade V-A
11 Jefferson Street
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Cornish School
Jessie L. Boyd
Principal
Fresh-Air Room
Grade II
4 Sever Street
Charlotte E. Lovering
Grade VI
21 Vernon Street
Bertha E. McNaught
Grade VI
35 Russell Street
Mary E. Robbins
Grade VI
102 Allerton Street
Anne P. Wilson
Grade V
17 Sever Street 15 Allerton Street
*Dorothy E. Wilbur Helen F. Holmes
Grade V
28 Chilton Street
Grade III
33 Russell Street Newfield Street 21 Chilton Street
Alden Street School Grades I and II
101 Court Street
Oak Street School
Clementine L. Ortolani
Grades I and II
8 Cherry Street
Mildred .R. Randall
Grades III and IV
79 Court Street
Cold Spring School
Grade II
Grade III
12 Stafford Street Nelson Street
n
Grace R. Moor
Lincoln Street Primary Grades I and II
11 Sandwich Street
Helen H. Linnell, Prin. *Helena L. Anderson Elsie C. Muir Gladys M. Sargent *Kathryn W. Sweetser A. Ruth Toombs
Mt. Pleasant School
Grade VI
72 Warren Avenue
Grade III
11 Jefferson Street
Grade V
11 Whiting Street
Grade I
20 Whiting Street
Grade IV
11 Jefferson Street
Grade II
41 Mayflower Street
reet
*Dorothy A. Judkins Teresa A. Rogan Ruth H. Tolman
Grade IV
Grade IV
101 Court Street 18 Allerton Street
*Carolyn Carpenter Flora A. Keene
Grade I
Mora Norton
Gertrude C. Bennett Mabel F. Douglas
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Gladys L. Brownell
Wellingsley School Grades I-IV
5 Stephens Street
Individual School
Mary L. Jackson, Prin. Dorothy L. Burnett
Ungraded Ungraded
9 Sever Street 10 Clyfton Street
Gertrude W. Zahn
Cliff Street School Grades I-V 320 Court Street
Ethel P. Haire
Russell Mills School Grades I-IV 6 Mt. Pleasant Street
Manomet School
*Elouise E. Ellis Marie R. Freeman
Grades IV-VI Grades I-III
Manomet Manomet
Hilda L. Feener
Cedarville School Grades I-VI
Bournedale, Mass.
Frances I. Bagnell
Beatrice E. Garvin
Amy L. Hammond *Ruth L. Hazelwood
*Marion B. Hurley John J. Smith Faith C. Stalker
Special Teachers Grade VI, Knapp and Mt. Pleasant Supervisor of Phy. Ed., Elementary Supervisor of Sewing Drawing, Junior and Senior High Supervisor of Music Physical Ed. Supervisor Drawing Supervisor
5 Spring Street, North Plymouth
45 Pleasant Street 15 Allerton Street
13 Whiting Street 13 Whiting Street 1 Sagamore Street 133 Court Street
*Emma Raymond Jennie E. Taylor
General Substitutes Hedge and Knapp, I-IV I-VI. Cornish and Mt. Pleasant,
23 Mt. Pleasant Street
13 Mayflower Street
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J. Holbrook Shaw Susie Macdonald Gladys S. White
Hazel Bruce
Medical Department
School Physician
School Nurse
Dental Hygienist
Assistant to Nurse
43 Court Street
20 Highland Place
144 Spruce Street, North Abington Off Middle Street
Janitors
Charles Coates
High
John R. Yates
Junior High
Nelson Cushing
Peter A. Dries, Jr.
Sebastian Riedel
Leo Callahan
Nelson Pero
Alden St., Cold Spring
George F. Merrill
Fred J. Smith
Winslow Rickard Joseph Lawrence W. Cleveland John S. Dunn Elliott F. Swift
Russell Mills
Manomet
Cedarville
Cliff Street
237 Sandwich Street 17 Mt. Pleasant Street 3 Robinson Street
Mt. Pleasant
Cornish-Burton
Knapp Hedge
Oak Street Lincoln St., South St. and assistant at High Wellingsley
1 Royal Street 23 Atlantic Street 24 Hall Street Standish Avenue Oak Street Pleasant Street
223 Sandwich Street Russell Mills Manomet Cedarville Sandwich Road .
reet
eet
NON-CIRCULATING
W JELLS BINDERY INC ALTHAM, MASS. NOV. 1960
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