USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Swampscott > Town annual report of Swampscott 1909 > Part 8
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14
My chief aim is to lay out a course which can be put to a put to a practical use by pupils graduating from the Grammar or High schools. To accomplish this aim, the course in draw- ing will cover the elementary branches of drawing, pictorial and decorative as well as mechanical drawing. We are not aiming to turn out finished artists from our schools, but we are aiming to enable the pupil to appreciate correct representation, good design, good color and neat and accurate workmanship, when- ever he is confronted with it. No matter what trade the pupil may enter, whether in the business world or in the home, he will sometime be called upon to show and put into use his knowledge of drawing in some of its forms.
In the early primary grades, children respond with great readiness and confidence, a manner which disappears later on. They also draw almost wholly from imagination and for that
I20
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
reason, much practice is given in illustrating simple stories and incidents. It is obvious that better results are obtained from freehand cutting than from drawing during these first years of school life. A child in these lower grades needs most of all a training which calls for the use of his hands and it has been found that freehand cutting is most successful to develop the untrained muscles of these small hands.
Beginning with the second grade, problems demanding cor- rectness in construction are given and these call for measurement to the inch and one-half inch. In the third grade, the pupil learns to measure to the one-quarter inch, and in each succeeding grade, he takes up a new fraction of measurement.
A new grayed system of color was introduced in the schools during December. Children in the lower grades were given grayed color crayons to work with and by using these, the child runs practically no risk of inharmonious results, while at the same time he is learning to appreciate pleasing relations of color. In the grammar grades, pupils will be given training in color appreciation and then will apply the principles to original com- positions-either floral or object. To enable pupils to respond to harmonious colors and to know when they are in tune, are the reasons for teaching this subject in the public schools.
Much training is necessary in the grammar grades in the use of instruments, which calls for accurate execution. In the seventh and eighth grades, mechanical work should play an im- portant part in the course, and simple projections, and making drawings of objects and models, which call for the use of a square, compasses, and triangles, will be studied during certain parts of the year.
When a pupil enters the High School, he is more adapted to take up the study of finer principles of drawing and then is the time to make more serious study of the technicalities and princi- ples of correct drawing and representation.
The majority of technical and scientific colleges demand a knowledge of mechanical drawing, and require of the High School graduate some previous training in other graphic projec- tions and isometric drawing. For this reason pupils desiring
121
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
entrance to these colleges are given training in these subjects that they may be prepared to take such examinations as the colleges and technical schools require.
The enthusiasm with which the teachers and scholars have commenced the work with the new teacher has been very en- couraging and such co-operation assures us of steady and contin- ued progress during the coming months.
Allow me to take this opportunity to thank you and the Board for the interest shown and the efforts put forth for the improve- ment of the work.
Very respectfully,
FLORENCE I. BULFINCH.
Music Report.
MR. W. J. PELO.
Superintendent of Schools :
DEAR SIR,-In accordance with your request I respectfully submit my third annual report.
There have been notable instances of advancement in the year's work. All the scholars have improved in sight reading and are doing well in the technical work. It has also been my privilege to observe added interest among the pupils which has made the work a pleasure. Last June marked the second at- tempt at grammar graduations. Considering that the singers were entirely eighth grade pupils a remarkable showing was made over the exercises of the previous year, both in the charac- ter of the songs and the way in which they were sung. The High School chorus made a creditable showing at their closing exercises. The accommodations for the whole of the school chorus were limited, which made it necessary to eliminate the sub-freshman class at the graduation. Although this change did affect the chorus, the parts were well balanced and the rendering of the selections was altogether pleasing.
122
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
The work of the first grade consists entirely of songs until the latter part of the year. Then the technical side is first presented and systematically taught from that time throughout the whole primary and grammar course. A desk book of little songs has been given each primary teacher, which contains graded mate- rial for the little child who comes to school without a knowledge of music, and is intended to precede the work upon the chart. In the third grades the classes have been able to sing simple two- part exercises and songs. On special occasions, such as Christ- mas, the work of the three lowest grades is wholly songs.
In the middle and upper grades some written work has been done but no definite outline has been followed. In the near future there will be a plan of work for the writing of music.
Good four-part singing is the work of the upper grades. Many of the boys' voices have changed so that they are now able to carry a bass part. The new eighth grade books are much more difficult than those previously used in this grade, but so far the exercises and songs have given the pupils no trouble. The tone quality varies. Some classes learn sooner than others that the teacher desires a soft, smooth singing voice. In some cases the trouble is due to one or two persistent ones who lead the rest of the class. Most of the classes are doing well.
At the High School the music period has been changed from the last hour to the first. So far the change has been effective. It is not the mission of a High School to turn out artists or com- posers,-that belongs to the special school of music. It is within reach of every High School pupil, though, to obtain a sweet, musical voice; to continue the work of sight reading, and to take up something in the line of choruses that will be worth the while to learn. With this in mind I have endeavored to give more time to works of composers of some reputation.
There are one or two subjects I desire to touch upon for further progress in music. One needs special consideration because it concerns an important part of school work. It has not been the custom in Swampscott to give a pupil credit for the technical work. This system has long been adopted by schools of other places and I wish to urge its being introduced here.
123
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
Much besides singing is done but the results are never recorded as in other studies, and in this way music naturally comes to occupy a less important place than it otherwise would. I also wish to advocate a similar place for the High School students who take the required chorus practice. Just how much may be allowed for the five years' course can be decided at some future time.
In our schools much attention is given to literary composers but unless the teacher choses to read to her class, very little is ever heard of the lives of the great music composers whose works we often sing. It is an interesting field for study and may be taken up in connection with other work such as reading and composi- tion. I would suggest that text-books be furnished some of the grades for elementary study in music history.
In closing I desire to thank the Superintendent and members of the school committee for their appreciation and also the grade teachers whose assistance has helped make this year a successful one.
Respectfully submitted,
MABELLE B. PROCTOR.
Report of Manual Training Department.
MR. W. J. PELO,
Superintendent of Schools, Swampscott, Mass. :
DEAR SIR,-I have great pleasure in submitting to you my second report of the work in the Manual Training Department.
First, allow me to thank you for your readiness to give helpful suggestions, to recommend to the School Committee the neces- sary equipment for good work and to cheer us along with words of encouragement.
The opening of the second year's work in the Manual Train- ing Department found us in a new location.
During the summer months the equipment was transferred
124
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
from the basement to the small building in the rear of the High School which had been used for a general laboratory for physics, chemistry and biology.
The change of quarters has been a great improvement. The room is larger, is better lighted and is isolated so that the noise and vibration of the machinery does not interfere with the gen- eral school work.
Three carpenters' benches and the necessary additional tools were added to the equipment, thus making accommodation for fifteen pupils at a time.
One post graduate, two seniors, three juniors, sixteen sopho- mores (ten boys and six girls) and fifteen freshmen (twelve boys and three girls), a total of thirty-seven elected manual training this year, an increase of twelve over last year. Nine girls instead of four are in the classes this year.
I would like to recommend the installing of two more lathes (one with a swing of 15 in.) and a power jig saw. The two latter would facilitate the work very much, especially that of pattern making. With a possibility of fifteen pupils in each class six lathes are none too many to enable each pupil to get his fair share of time in wood turning.
Some one says, "The problems of life must be solved by thought before they can be reduced to action without waste of energy." Manual training demonstrates this axiom unmistak- ably. A pupil showing me a piece of spoiled work after spend- ing a good deal of strenuous effort upon it, said, " If I had only stopped one minute to think what I was doing, this would not have happened." The teaching aims to make the pupils think and to rely upon themselves as much as possible.
As there is no lecture gallery or demonstration bench the teacher endeavors to give each pupil as much individual atten- tion as possible.
The boys work with much greater independence than the girls; the latter, however, are more painstaking.
The quality of the work, which is an important part of the training, has improved. More time has been spent upon finishing the completed product than was given last year.
125
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
The great interest shown by the pupils is most gratifying.
The manual training teacher and the drawing teacher being at school on different days makes it very difficult to correlate the .work as much as I wish.
I am very grateful to the principal, Harold W. Loker, for the deep interest he takes in manual training.
Mr. Congdon has, as last year, shown in many ways how the welfare of this department is close to his heart.
The readiness of the School Committee to provide the neces- sary equipment for good work is most gratifying and I thank them very much.
I wish the townspeople and the parents of the pupils would come and see what the pupils are doing at their bench work.
Yours faithfully,
WILLIAM FIRTH EASTWOOD.
Truant Officer's Report.
To the Superintendent of Schools :
DEAR SIR,-I beg leave to submit the following report as Truant Officer of the Town of Swampscott for the year ending January 31, 1909. Whole number of complaints received, 170. Calls made in investigating said complaints, 253. Cases of truancy, 15; second offense, 4; third offense, 2. Cases of unexcused absence, 95.
During the past year your truant officer has prosecuted six cases in court ; one of truancy, one of habitual school offender, and four where parents have neglected to comply with the educational laws. Five convictions have resulted. In the case of the habitual school offender the boy was committed to the Lawrence Training School; one fine was imposed, and three cases were placed on file with the understanding that the parents should comply with the law.
I 26
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
In addition to these cases the Truant Officer has assisted in bringing to the attention of the Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Children, three cases, in one of which the children were given in charge of the State Board of Charity.
Respectfully submitted,
A. F. FRAZIER, Truant Officer.
Medical Examiner's Report.
Mr. William J. Pelo, Superintendent of Schools :
DEAR SIR,-I herewith submit a report of the result of my examination of pupils :
Impetigo Contageosus
. 187
Scabies
6
Enlarged Tonsils .
· 194
Adenoids
201
Eczema (Chronic)
I
Pediculae Capitis
I5
Scoliosis
2
Tonsilitis (acute)
·
3
Varicella
.
I
.
Very respectfully,
H. K. GLIDDEN, M. D.
127
REPORT OF SCHOOL CONMITTEE.
1909]
GRADUATION EXERCISES
OF THE
SWAMPSCOTT HIGH SCHOOL
AT PHILLIPS SCHOOL BUILDING Wednesday Evening, June 24, 1908. AT 8 O'CLOCK.
Program.
INVOCATION
Rev. Edward Tillotson.
"Send Out Thy Light," Gounod School Chorus.
SALUTATORY-"The Value of a Sense of Humor." Alice Paine Horton.
"A Revolutionary Martyr."
Mary Madeline Nies.
"Vienna Woods"
School Chorus. Strauss
128
TOWN DOCUMENTS. [Feb. I
"Opportunities of the Present"
Sidney John Young.
"Theodora's Triumph" · Katharine Call.
"With Sheathed Swords" . From Naaman Costa School Chorus.
CLASS PROPHECIES
Louise Frances Keefe.
PRESENTATION OF CLASS GIFT
Dorothy Till.
ACCEPTANCE OF GIFT AND AWARDING OF PHILLIPS MEDALS. Arthur W. Stubbs, Secretary of School Committee.
Sextet from "Lucia di Lammermoor" . Arr. by Veazie School Chorus.
VALEDICTORY-"Our Need of a Navy" . Ralph Frederick Symonds.
PRESENTATION OF DIPLOMAS .
Superintendent of Schools, William J. Pelo.
CLASS ODE
Ralph Frederick Symonds.
Accompanist, Dorothy Till.
129
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
GRADUATES-1908.
Katharine Call. Mildred Brown Curtis. Anna Florence Deery. Alice Paine Horton. Frances Jasinsky. Louise Frances Keefe. · Lotta Pearl Leadbetter. Marion Faustina Newcomb. Mary Madeline Nies. Beatrice Ingalls Porter.
Alice Irene Quinn. Minnie Myrtle Tenney. Dorothy Till. Winifred Cecelia Ward.
Walter Andrew Henderson.
Robert Chapman Mansfield. M. Edward Nies. Wilbur Gordon Stone. Ralph Frederick Symonds. Sidney John Young.
Post-Graduates, Class of 1908.
William Mosher Jones. Lloyd Lewis Mansfield,
130
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
SWAMPSCOTT GRAMMAR SCHOOLS
GRADUATION.
Town Hall, Swampscott, Mass.
Friday, June 26, 1908, 7.45 P. M.
PROGRAM.
TOPIC-"Love of Country."
INVOCATION-Rev. Patrick Coleman.
PIANO SOLO-"Pierrette" .
Chammade
Sara Vivian Tuttle.
THE STATE.
RECITATION-"What Constitutes a State" Jones Ethel May Reid.
CHORUS-"The King's Champion" Watson
RECITATION-Selection from Longfellow's " Building of the Ship" Mary Caroline Bucknam.
I31
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
ESSAY-"Patriotism"
Sara Vivian Tuttle.
CHORUS-"The Marathon Race" . Arr. from Carmen
RECITATION-"Love of Country" Brown
Mahlon Gilman Knowles.
WAR.
ESSAY-"The Crusades"
Zora Nute.
CHORUS-Soldiers' Chorus from "Faust"
ESSAY-"Noteworthy Wars"
Jessie Cambell Martin.
PEACE.
SOLO-"Life's Lullaby" Lane Irene Nies.
RECITATION-"Disarmament" . Whittier
Alice Townsend Durgin
FREEDOM
PIANO SOLO-"Dance d'Etoiles" Godard Isabel Kehoe.
RECITATION-"True Freedom" .
Lowell
Ruth Irene Munsey.
132
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
SALUTE TO THE FLAG.
RECITATION-"The Recessional" Kipling Hester Mary Elizabeth Newman.
CHORUS-"Home of Freedom" Wilson
PRESENTATION OF DIPLOMAS.
S. Perry Congdon, Chairman School Committee
READING THE ROLI. OF HONOR AND SELECTED LIST. Dr. Howard Glidden of the School Committee.
1909]
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE. 133
Graduates of Clarke School.
Walter Russell Blanchard Mary Caroline Bucknam Albert Worcester Chase Richard Mellen Daniels Florence May Furbish Irene Smyth Getchell Payson Haskell Gonnam May Beth Goodwin Alice Chase Hancock
Alice Meredith Horne
Alice Drown Hudson Mahlon Gilman Knowles
John Thomas Lee
Norman Ellis LeGallee
Phyllis Emily Littlefield
Jane Esta Maitland
Carol Antoinette McLaughlin
Harold Brackett Morrill
Ruth Inez Munsey Hester Mary Elizabeth Newman
Annie Margarette Newton
Irene Mildred Nies
Zora Nute
Marion Noella Proctor
Harold Rankin
Hazel Emogene Rogers
Charles Voorhees Sidell
Harold Clifford Snow
Elizabeth Adams Ulman Alexander Wallace
Clara Jeannette Widger Grace Gladys Wilson
Viola Marion Wilson
Graduates of Phillips Grammar School.
Bessie Florence Chapman Thomas Launcelot Barker Alice Townsend Durgin Hart Harris Fleming Abner Horace Hastings Isabel Kehoe Walter Lawrence Kehoe
Jessie Campbell Martin Philip William Osgood Cora Frances Paul John Joseph Raney, Jr.
Ethel May Reid Emily Adelaide Riefkohl
Sara Vivian Tuttle
10
I34
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
Enrolment for Fall Term.
HIGH SCHOOL :
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
Graduates
. .
3
2
2
2
Senior
18
18
12
21
26
Junior
19
14
25
30
22
Sophomore
23
33
43
23
25
Freshmen
40
57
28
30
37
Sub. Freshman
. .
. .
34
43
49
Totals
100
125
144
149
161
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS :
Grade VIII
63
62
57
61
63
Grade VII
87
87
71
94
78
Grade VI.
85
77
93
90
100
Grade V
..
102
107
105
97
147
Grade IV.
89
92
109
134
92
Totals
426
425
435
476
480
PRIMARY SCHOOLS :
Grade III
91
104
115
94
116
Grade II
95
106
108
119
125
Grade I
123
121
158
135
141
Totals
309
331
381
348
382
Grand Totals
835
881
960
973
1023
Increase
14
46
79
13
50
I35
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
STATISTICS.
School population as per census 1908, 5-15 years old . 785
Attendance of girls 5-15 years old, Dec. 4, 1908 · 447
Attendance of boys 5-15 years old, Dec. 4, 1908 443 Attendance of girls under 5 years old, Dec. 4, 1908 . 2
Attendance of boys under 5 years old, Dec. 4, 1908 . 4
Attendance of girls over 15 years old, Dec. 4, 1908 . 49
Attendance of boys over 15 years old, Dec. 4, 1908 . 43
Total attendance Dec. 4, 1908 988
Number pupils absent Dec. 4, 1908
35
Total enrolment, Dec. 4, 1908
1,023
Average daily attendance 914
Percentage of daily attendance· to average member- ship
89.3
Number of school buildings
.
6
Number of sittings ·
1,208
Number of pupils in High School
161
Assessed valuation of Town (1908)
$9,992,655.00
Expenditures for ordinary school purposes 33,000.00
Expenditures for repairs (ordinary) 3,143.44
Average expenditure per pupil based upon average attendance 39.54
Amount appropriated for the support of the schools for each $1,000 of valuation . 3.55
Average amount for the State for each $1,000 of valuation 3.95
Largest amount appropriated in the State for each $1,000 of valuation IO.12
Smallest amount appropriated in the State for each $1,000 of valuation .21
Increased attendance over 1907-08 . 50
136
TEACHERS.
Phillips High School.
Date of Election. Salary.
Where Educated.
Address.
Harold W. Loker, Prin.
1907
$1,700 Harvard, 1895
77 Paradise road
A. Lillian Rideout
1893
900
Boston University, 1891
15 Andrew road
M. Lilian Smith
1907
700 Radcliffe, 1905
· 6 Elmwood terrace
Mabel L. Butler
1905
700
Mt. Holyoke, 1895
6 Elmwood terrace
Kathleen Robinson
1905
650
Mt. Holyoke, 1905
29 Andrew road
Alice F. Haskell
I 907
650 Radcliffe, 1906
46 Bloomfield street, Lynn
W. Firth Eastwood
1907
400 Humerton College, London, 1892
155 Ruggles street, Boston
Sarah L. Bell
1907
700 Hikox Shorthand, 1901
22 Rockland street
Phillips Grammar.
618 Salem Normal, 1868
34 Rockland street
Clarke School.
Frances A. Gould V, Prin. 1888
700 Holton High, 1879
7 Nichols street, Danvers
Minnie H. Fernald, VII
1 888
600 Salem Normal, 1874
60 Thomas road
Mabel S. Knight, VI
1894
600 Salem Normal
30 Burley avenue, Danvers
Eva M. Macomber, VIII
I 905
600 Salem Normal, 1903
44 Mountain avenue
Annie W. Chase, IV 1906
600 Framingham Normal, 1897
16 Rockland street
Edith A. Farnum, III
1897
600 Salem Normal, Sp.
II Rock avenue
Florence Gregg, II
1905
600 Beverly Training, 1895
16 Rockland street ·
Anna F. Willey, I
1902
600 Salem Normal, 1902
25 Mountain avenue
[Feb. I
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
Elizabeth S. Hadley, VIII, Prin. 1872
1909]
Redington Street School.
Date of Election. Salary.
Alice L. Shaw, Prin., IV
1902
$650 Salem Normal
Katherine Y. Prescott, II and III 1902
Edith S. Gardner, II and III
1894
600 Swampscott High
E. Jennie Owen, V
1906
600 Tilden Seminary, N. H.
600 Salem Normal, Sp.
Mary M. Murphy, VI
1908
600
Essex Street School.
Mabel E Verry, Prin., IV
1896
Elsie M. Hussey
1907
Dorothy Jasinsky
1907
660 Salem Normal, 1906
Beach School.
Ellen M. Dewing, VII
1894
600 Natick High, 1868
Farm School.
Louise C. Stanley, II and III
1888
618 Wheaton Seminary, 1886
Blanche E Doyle, I 1903
618 Coburn Institute, Me., 1899
Address.
9 Farragut road
23 Huron street, Lynn
55 Blaney street
90 Norfolk avenue
114 Elmwood road 50 Humphrey street
139 Perkins street, Somerville 122 Norfolk avenue 129 Norfolk avenue
20 Outlook road
149 Humphrey street 149 Humphrey street
137
RECORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
Where Educated.
600 Salem Normal
L. Ardell Kimball, I 1903
650 Danvers High, 1886
600 Salem Normal, 1906
Supervisor of Music.
Mabelle F. Proctor
1907
$350
Supervisor of Drawing.
Florence I. Bulfinch
1908
$500
Superintendent of Schools.
1906 $1,000
Clerk of School Board.
Arthur W. Stubbs
1906 $180
Truant Officer.
A. F. Frazier
$50
Janitors.
School.
Salary.
H. W. Wardwell
Phillips
$770
George I. Blake
.
·
. A. G. Stone . Mrs. H. E. Maker . .
Redington Street 400
Beach
100
A. McNamara
Farms 100
24 Mill street, Revere
40[Beach avenue
84 Prescott street, Cambridge
74 Paradisefroad
10 Elmwood road
Address.
404 Humphrey street
28 Blaney street
Charles Rhoderick
Essex Street 400
I Elmwood road
49 Blaney street 74 Orient street 802 Humphrey street
J38
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
·
Clarke 600
.
.
William J. Pelo
139
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
1909]
Medical Inspection of Schools. Chapter 502, Acts of 1906, provides as follows :
APPOINTMENT OF SCHOOL PHYSICIANS, ETC.
SECTION I. The school committee of every city and town in the Commonwealth shall appoint one or more school physicians, shall assign one to each public school within its city or town, and shall provide them with all proper facilities for the per- formance of their duties as prescribed in this act : provided, how- ever, that in cities wherein the board of health is already main- taining or shall hereafter maintain substantially such medical inspection as this act requires, the board of health shall appoint and assign the school physician.
EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS TO BE MADE.
SECT. 2. Every school physician shall make a prompt exam- ination and diagnosis of all children referred to him as herein- after provided, and such further examination of teachers, janitors and school buildings as in his opinion the protection of the health of the pupils may require.
SECT. 3. The school committee shall cause to be referred to a school physican for examination and diagnosis every child return- ing to school without a certificate from the board of health after absence on account of illness or from unknown cause; and every child in the schools under its jurisdiction who shows signs of being in ill health or of suffering from infectious or contagious disease, unless he is at at once excluded from school by the teacher ; except that in the case of schools in remote and isolated situations the school committee may make such other arrange- ments as may best carry out the purposes of this act.
140
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Feb. I
NOTICE TO BE SENT TO PARENT OR GUARDIAN.
SECT. 4. The school committee shall cause notice of the disease or defects, if any, from which any child is found to be suffering to be sent to his parent or guardian. Whenever a child shows symptoms of smallpox, scarlet fever, measles, chickenpox, tuberculosis, diphtheria or influenza, tonsilitis, whooping cough, mumps, scabies or trachoma, he shall be sent home immediately, or as soon as safe and proper conveyance can be found, and the board of health shall at once be notified.
TESTS OF SIGHT AND HEARING, AND EXAMINATION FOR DISABILITY OR DEFECTS.
SECT. 5. The school committee of every city and town shall cause every child in the public schools to be separately and care- fully tested and examined at least once in every school year to ascertain whether he is suffering from defective sight or hearing or from any other disability or defect tending to prevent his receiving the full benefit of his school work, or requiring a modification of the school work in order to prevent injury to the child or to secure the best educational results. The tests of sight and hearing shall be made by teachers. The committee shall cause notice of any defect or disabilty requiring treatment to be sent to the parent or guardian of the child, and shall require a physical record of each child to be kept in such form as the state board of education shall prescribe.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.