USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Plymouth > Town annual report of the officers of the town of Plymouth, Massachusetts for the year ending 1910 > Part 9
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As a result of investigations made by the State Board of Health of Minnesota it was found that 22 per cent. of those persons who had been exposed to scarlet fever became ill with it and 17 per cent. of the persons exposed to diphtheria con- tracted the disease, while of those exposed to infantile paralysis but 6 per cent. were affected.
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Having but one medical inspector making a limited number of visits, and no school nurses, much of the success of our work must depend upon the careful, intelligent work of the teachers in detecting unhealthy conditions among the pupils, sending them to the school physician, and seeing to it that his directions to the pupil are carried out.
Repeatedly I visit rooms where the teacher will tell me of some peculiarity about this or that pupil, and an examination reveals an abnormal physical condition, defective hearing per- haps, or a twisted spine, or eyes that do not work together, but the thought has never come that the pupil should be re- ferred to the school physician. Because these symptoms were not included in the catalogue of troubles for which the teacher is accustomed to send children to him, she concludes that the child is peculiar or dull, and there the matter ends.
In order that the teacher may invariably communicate her wishes definitely to the school physician, a request for examina- tion is now made out for each pupil referred to the school phy- sician, stating why he or she is sent in by the teacher.
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT, PLYMOUTH, MASS.
(Keep on file.) 1. The School Physician will please examine
191
for
2. This pupil attended school last on
Cause of non-attendance
Grade.
Signature of Teacher. (Fill out No. 2 only in case pupil has been absent.) May be admitted as h ... . physical condition is satisfactory.
May be admitted but keep h. under observation.
.M. D.
School Physician.
1
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These requests should be sent with every pupil referred to the school physician and when returned, signed by him, they are to be kept on file.
One section of the law relating to medical inspection reads as follows: Section 3, Chap. 502, Acts of 1906. The school committee shall cause to be referred to a school physician for examination and diagnosis every child returning to school without a certificate from
the Board of Health after absence on account of illness or from unknown cause; and every child in the schools under its jurisdiction who shows signs of being in ill health or of suffering from infectious or contagious disease unless he is at once excluded from school by the teacher, except that in the case of schools in remote and isolated situations, the school committee may make such other arrangements as may best carry out the purposes of this act."'
The teacher must then be prepared to determine what chil- dren "show signs of ill health or of suffering from infectious or contagious disease." Of course she is not expected to know from what diseases the children may be suffering, but she should be ever alert and watchful for the signs of ill health, referring children to the physician when they are noticed. Because a discharge from the nose or inflamed eyes seem like a simple "cold" it is not safe to conclude that "it's nothing serious." The school physician should take the responsibility of deciding the matter, not the teacher. In order to aid the teacher in detecting trouble, the following list of symptoms are suggested as of sufficient consequence to require that the pupil suffering from one or more of them should be referred to the school physician :
Emaciation. Unusual pallor. Unusual dullness or sleepiness. Puffiness of the face. Shortness of breath.
1
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Swellings of the neck.
Red or discharging eyes.
Reddened or discharging ears. Mouth breathing.
Irritating discharge from the nose.
All skin eruptions.
Constant scratching of any part of the body.
Peculiar positions taken at the desk or restlessness.
Frequent requests to go out.
The rules now in use here with regard to contagious and infectious diseases are as follows :
1. Children with smallpox, scarlet fever, chicken pox, tuber- culosis, diphtheria or influenza, tonsilitis, whooping cough, mumps, scabies or trachoma are excluded from the public schools of Massachusetts by law (Chap. 502, Acts of 1906).
2. Children from a household where a person is ill with a contagious or infectious disease or from a household exposed to such disease are excluded from the public schools of Massa- chusetts by law, until the teacher of the school has been fur- nished with a certificate from the Board of Health or from the attending physician, stating that the danger of conveying such disease is passed (Sec. 6, Chap. 44, Acts of 1906).
(The State Board of Health includes the following list of diseases among those defined as infectious or contagious, or both : Smallpox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measels, typhoid fever, infantile paralysis, cerebro-spinal meningitis, whooping cough, influenza, mumps.)
3. Children with live pediculi capitis are excluded from school. 1
4. Children with impetigo contagiosa or so-called fruit sores are excluded from school.
5. Children who have had chicken pox are not to be admitted until the crusts are all off.
6. Children who have had mumps should not be admitted under two weeks from the beginning of the attack (usually determined by the date of last attendance).
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The State law requires that teachers make a careful test of the sight and hearing of each and every child each year, but considerable difficulty has been experienced in testing the eye- sight of small children of the first and second grades, as they are not familiar with the letters used in the test card fur- nished by the State Board of Education. This difficulty may be overcome by delaying the test of the first grade children until the last part of the first term or later. Then they have become well acquainted with the teacher and have learned cer- tain simple words which are printed upon cards and used in teaching. These cards are excellent for testing the eyesight of these children, as the letters correspond to about the 20-40 line on the regular test card furnished by the State. They should be held up forty feet from the child, who has one eye covered, and used as in the regular lesson. The ability to name the words at that distance will mean normal vision expressed by a fraction the numerator of which represents the distance of the child from the card, and the denominator the size of the letters used, expressed in terms of the distance at which they should be seen by the normal eye, in this case 40 feet, precisely the same method used with the regular test card. For instance, if the child is obliged to advance until he is ten feet from the word in order to see it so that he can name it correctly, the fraction representing the vision would of course be 10-40 and should be so recorded.
The position of the chair and desk of each pupil in school is a matter that should receive careful attention. Teachers as a rule realize the importance of having their pupils comfort- ably seated, but there seem to be no definite ideas prevalent as to what constitutes the proper position of the furniture. The following simple rules taken from a pamphlet issued by the State Board of Education may serve to give a clearer idea of the arrangement which will give the best results :
1. The seat should be of such height that the feet will rest easily on the floor.
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2. The desk should be high enough not to touch the knees and low enough for the arm to rest on it comfortably without much raising of the elbow, not, however, so low that the scholar must bend down to write on it.
3. The seat should be near enough so that the scholar may reach the desk to write on it without leaning forward more than a little. This means a distance of ten and one-half to fourteen and one-half inches from the edge of the desk to the seat back. It also means that the seat must not project under the desk more than an inch at most.
The health of school children is seriously affected by keep- ing the rooms too warm throughout the season of artificial heating, not only here but very generally. Taking cold air from out of doors and heating it produces an unnatural condi- tion. In a cubic foot of saturated air at zero there is said to be nearly one-half a grain of water in the form of steam. In the same volume of air heated to 80 degrees F. there is twenty-two times as much water in the form of steam, so that when we take air at zero from outside and pour it into a school room at 80 it should have twenty-two times as much moisture in it to be natural. The effect of this so-called steam vacuum upon the delicate mucus membranes of the chil- dren is disastrous, causing an almost universal nasal catarrh and lack of resistance to germ invasion.
W. E. Watt, A. M., Ph. D., principal Graham School, Chi- cago, in a convincing paper on "Humidity and Scholarship in the School," read at the fourth Congress of the American School Hygiene Association, says : "The air of the driest re- gions known on earth is at about twenty-eight per cent. of saturation. The air of a school room which is heated from about zero to seventy degrees is often as low in humidity as eight or ten per cent. of saturation. Thus we see we are try- ing to educate children in air three times as dry as that which kills the hardiest cactus God ever permitted to start on the most neglected portion of his footstool! No child could live
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in the air of the ordinary school room in winter time if he did not get out of it occasionally and get relief in the cold open air which is properly humidified. Although it is a severe shock to his system to pass from the excessively dry air of in- doors to the natural and cold air of outdoors, it preserves his life while giving him some catarrhal trouble as a penalty for his unnatural living."
In Dr. Watt's school they keep the temperature at from 62 to 64 degrees and moisten the air with a jet of steam. By these simple means, to put it in his own words, "we avoid hundreds of daily headaches, we cure stupidity, we permit clearness of thought, we have cut down the number of cases of office discipline more than 75 per cent."
If we cannot have more moisture put into our school air, let us at least have less heat and make the conditions in the school rooms into which we are shutting the children for so many long hours as natural and healthful as possible.
The following diseases have been found among the pupils during the past year :
Diseases of the Skin.
Pediculosis,
73
Scabies,
9
Impetigo,
85
Other skin diseases, 38
Acute Infectious Diseases.
Varicella,
4
Mumps,
35
·
Diseases of the Oral and Respiratory Tract.
Adenoids,
128
Enlarged and diseased tonsils, 151
Decayed teeth, 244
Other diseases of oral and respiratory tract, 2, 63
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Diseases of the Eye.
Conjunctivitis,
32
Other diseases of the eye,
39
Diseases of the Ear.
Purulent middle ear disease, 3
Acute catarrh of middle ear,
3
Chronic catarrh of middle ear,
2
Diseases of the Digestive Tract.
Acute indigestion, 5
Other diseases of digestive tract,
1
Diseases of the Bones.
Spinal curvature,
5
Wounds, burns, abrasions, etc.,
50
Unclassified.
Enlarged cervical glands,
24
Synovitis,
1
Tumor of neck,
1
Ganglion, 1
Respectfully submitted,
J. HOLBROOK SHAW, M. D., School Physician.
FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Water Commissioners,
Superintendent
AND
Collector of Water Rates
OF THE
Town of Plymouth
1910
WATER COMMISSIONERS
JOHN W. CHURCHILL-Term expires March, 1912. ROBERT C. HARLOW-Term expires March, 1912. JOHN H. DAMON-Term expires March, 1913. HORACE P. BAILEY-Term expires March, 1911. CHARLES T. HOLMES-Term expires March, 1911.
Superintendent-Arthur E. Blackmer. Assistant Superintendent-Richard W. Bagnell. Water Register-N. Reeves Jackson.
Engineer at Pumping Station-John Bodell. Assistant Engineer at Pumping Station-Albert E. Caswell.
All applications for water must be made at the office of the Water Commissioners.
Superintendent's office, Town Square, near Town House; telephone call, 119-3.
Rates payable at the Town Treasurer's office, semi-annually, in advance, May 1st and November 1st.
Meeting of Commissioners to examine bills and claims against the Department the first Wednesday evening of each month.
Bills against the Department must be rendered on or before the first Wednesday of each month, or they will lie over until the following month.
Approved bills paid by the Town Treasurer at the Town Office.
REPORT OF WATER COMMISSIONERS
The Water Commissioners herewith submit their 56th annual report :
RECEIPTS.
Undrawn balance,
$3,296 11
Water rates, domestic,
31,769 61
Water rates, manufacturing,
3,662 39
Labor and material,
499 86
Miscellaneous,
126 52
Bonds,
12,000 00
$51,354 49
EXPENDITURES.
Maintenance,
$7,427 03
Pump,
3,282 27
Bonds and interest,
18,467 65
Extension of mains,
16,318 84
Extension of services,
553 18
Meters and setting, domestic,
95 95
Canal at Great South Pond,
1,887 02
.Undrawn balance,
3,322 55
$51,354 49
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PUMPING STATION.
Salaries,
$1,638 92
Fuel and light,
1,090 80
Heating and lighting engineer's house,
208 73
Parts and repairs to machinery,
152 69
Freight and trucking,
.3 18
Material and supplies,
87 59
Tools and repairs on tools,
11 35
Repairs to buildings and grounds,
89 01
$3,282 27
MAINTENANCE.
Salaries,
$2,650 00
Labor,
2,326 03
Horse hire,
207 00
Horse feed, care, shoeing and stable items,
382 47
Freight, express and trucking,
44 19
Stationery, stamps and printing,
124 18
Leaks, repairs in main pipes,
198 03
Fuel, light and power,
213 92
Meters, fittings and repairs,
11 05
Telephone,
58 08
Factory and office repairs and supplies,
247 37
Tools bought and repaired,
206 31
Renewing services,
45 21
Miscellaneous,
190 07
Stock on hand, pipe, iron, meters, brass goods, etc.,
431 29
Leaks repaired in service pipe,
91 83
$7,427 03
r.
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BONDS.
Bond paid on issue, June 1, 1885, $2,800 00
Bond paid on issue, August 1,1890, 1,300 00
Bond paid on issue, August 1, 1894,
800 00
Bond paid on issue, October 2, 1899,
1,500 00
Bond paid on issue, May 1, 1901,
1,000 00
Bond paid on issue, July 1, 1903,
666 66
Bond paid on issue, April 15, 1905,
500 00
Bond paid on issue, April 15, 1905,
500 00
Bond paid on issue, November 15, 1905,
600 00
Bond paid on issue, July 1, 1907,
1,000 00
Bond paid on issue, February 15, 1908,
1,000 00
Bond paid on issue, June 1, 1909,
1,000 00
Total bonds paid,
$12,666 66
INTEREST.
Interest paid on issue, June 1, 1885,
$504 00
Interest paid on issue, August 1, 1890, 416 00
Interest paid on issue, August 1, 1894,
320 00
Interest paid on issue, October 2, 1899,
600 00
Interest paid on issue, May 1, 1901,
402 50
Interest paid on issue, July 1, 1903,
587 49
Interest paid on issue, April 15, 1905,
96 25
Interest paid on issue, April 15, 1905,
96 25
Interest paid on issue, November 15, 1905,
336 00
Interest paid on issue, July 1, 1907,
900 00
Interest paid on issue, February 15, 1908,
900 00
Interest paid on issue, June 1, 1909,
402 50
Interest paid on issue, July 1, 1910,
240 00
Total interest paid,
$5,800 99
Bonds,
$12,666 66
Interest,
5,800 99
Total bonds and interest,
$18,467 65
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COMMISSIONERS' REPORT.
In accordance with the recommendations in the report of the Water Commissioners for 1909, $12,000 was appropriated at the regular March meeting for relaying Warren avenue, be- tween Jabez corner and Cliff street, and South and Pleasant streets, between Market street and the Nook road, with an eight-inch pipe. All the houses in these streets have been changed on to the new pipe, and several additional hydrants have been put in.
A line of new six-inch pipe was laid on Mayflower and Rob- inson streets, between Stafford and Pleasant streets, to replace an old two-inch and three-inch pipe that previously served this section. Two new hydrants were also added on this line.
The Plymouth Cordage Company opened a new street to connect Spooner and North Spooner streets, and upon petition from them a four-inch pipe was laid to supply houses on the. new street.
A few other short extensions were made and the length, size and cost of each piece of work is shown in detail in the Super- intendent's report.
The open concrete culvert at Great South Pond that was be- gun in 1909 was completed in the fall of 1910 as far as it is the intention of the Commissioners to build it at present. A reinforced concrete bridge has been built across it to facilitate travel along the shore of the pond. The total cost of this work has been $6,745.00.
It is the intention of the Commissioners to begin the con- struction of a new intake into Little South Pond this year.
The grade of the bottom of this intake will be grade 95.0, the same as the grade of the bottom of the culvert between
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Great and Little South Pond, recently completed, and the in- take will be connected with existing pipe lines at old screen well by about 100 feet of 30-inch pipe.
Respectfully submitted, JOHN W. CHURCHILL, JOHN H. DAMON, H. P. BAILEY, CHARLES T. HOLMES, ROBERT C. HARLOW.
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SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Published by request of the New England Water Works Association.
PLYMOUTH (MASS.) WATER WORKS.
Population by census of 1910, 12,100.
Date of construction, 1855.
By whom owned. Town.
Source of supply. Great and Little South and Lout Ponds.
Mode of supply. Gravity for low service, and pumping for high service.
PUMPING.
1. Builders of pumping machinery : Barr and Worthington.
2. Coal (b) bituminous (d) brand various (e) average cost per gross ton $5.35.
3. Total fuel, 455,500 pounds.
5. Total water pumped, 269,379,800 gallons.
6. Average static head, 65 feet.
7. Average dynamic head, 72 feet.
8. Number of gallons pumped per pound of coal, Worthington 414, Barr 600.7.
9. Duty of Barr pump 36,046,000. Duty of Worthington pump 24,842,000. Cost of pumping figured on pump- ing station expenses, viz : $3,282.27.
10. Per million gallons against dynamic head into direct pipe, $12.18.
11. Per million gallons raised one foot high (dynamic), $0.169. Cost of pumping figured on total maintenance, viz: $10,709.30.
12. Per million gallons against dynamic head into direct pipe, $39.80.
13. Per million gallons raised one foot high (dynamic), $0.55.
1
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SERVICES.
16. Kind of pipes. Lead and cement lined.
17. From 1/2 to 4 inches.
18. Extended 724 feet.
20. Total now in use, 7 miles 791 feet.
21. Service taps added, 65.
22. Number now in use, 2,480.
23. Average length of service, 15.2 feet.
24. Average cost of service, $8.51.
27. Motors and elevators added. None.
28. Number now in use. One motor.
LABOR.
Total labor for 1910,
$9,772 62
Laying pipe,
$4,936 32
Making pipe,
2,086 82
Services,
158 42
Meters,
12 50
Renewed services,
26 17
Leaks in main pipe,
157 76
Leaks in service pipe,
68 60
All other labor,
2,326 03
TABLE-6-PT.
$9,772 6%
FINANCIAL
MAINTENANCE.
A. Water rates, domestic, B. Water rates, manufacturing,
$31,769.61 3,662.39
AA. Management and repairs, BB.
$10,709.30 5,800.99
$35,432.00
626.38
Total, Profit for year,
19,548.09
$36,058.38
$36,058.38
Paid bonds and notes, Carried to Construction Acct., Total,
$12,666.66 6,881.43
$19,548.09
CONSTRUCTION.
$3,296.11 6,881.43 12,000.00
Extension of Mains,
$16,318.84
553.18
95.95
$22,177 54
3,322.55
Town appropriations, From profits,
$195,050.98 260,967.90
$12,666.66 paid yearly on principal. Bonded debt at 31/2 per cent ..
$36.000.00
15.333.18
33/4 4
66
97,000.00
$148,333.18
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Undrawn balance, Profits of maintenance, Bond issue,
Extension of services, Meters and setting, Canal at South Pond, Undrawn balance,
1,887.02
Cost of works,
$22,177.54
$456,018.88
Interest on bonds,
$16.510.29
Total water receipts, Miscellaneous,
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DISTRIBUTION.
1. Kind of pipe used. Wrought iron and cement lined, prin- cipally cement lined.
2. Sizes. From 2 inch to 20 inch.
3. Extended, 16,629 feet.
4. Discontinued, 10,743 feet.
5. Total now in use, 53 miles 1,864 feet.
6. Cost to repair per mile, $3.71.
7. Number of leaks per mile, .43.
8. Small distribution pipe, less than 4-inch, total length 10 miles 1,640 feet.
9. Hydrants added, 12. Discontinued, none.
10. Hydrants now in use, 218 public, 52 private.
11. Stop gates added, 46. Discontinued, 25.
12. Number now in use, 597.
13. Small stop gates less than 4-inch, 134.
14. Number of blow-offs, 42.
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1
REPORT OF COLLECTOR OF WATER RATES.
GENTLEMEN :- I hereby submit the annual report of the Col- lector of Water Rates for the year 1910.
The Collector is charged as follows:
Arrears,
$3,828 68
Water rates,
36,522 72
Labor and material,
565 97
Miscellaneous,
99 85
$41,017 22
Cr.
Abatements,
$500 13
Uncollected labor and material,
237 20
Uncollected rates,
4,254 28
Total collections,
36,025 61
$41,017 22
Water is supplied to 2,532 families, 1,886 water closets, 757 bath-tubs, 179 stores, offices and shops, 112 stables, 418 horses, 147 cows, 517 hose, 24 urinals, 4 cemeteries, 9 engines, 12 fish and meat markets, 5 banks, 8 churches, 1 water motor, 3 laun- dries, 8 manufactories, 2 photograph saloons, 6 saloons, bakeries, 10 hotels and boarding houses, 3 hot houses, 2 print-
-
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ing offices, 3 public halls, 2 billiard rooms, 2 cigar manufac- tories, gas works, N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. locomotives, 2 electric plants, 3 woolen mills, County buildings, Town build- ings and watering streets.
Very respectfully, N. REEVES JACKSON, Collector of Water Rates.
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
To the Board of Water Commissioners :
GENTLEMEN : I herewith submit the annual report of the Superintendent of the Plymouth Water Works for the year end- ing December 31, 1910.
ACCOUNT OF PIPES LAID FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1910.
LOCATION
Length in feet.
Size in inches
Cost
Water St. to Craig's and Pilgrim Wharfs,
323
2
3
1
118
6
132.46
Cherry St. Extension,
1
46
4
Prospect Park, off Oak Street,
216
2
70.52
Water Street,
25
4
262.24
Mayflower and Robinson Streets,
26
2
134
4
2,250.99
Prospect Park, off Summer Street.
751
4
526.56
New Street, "Plymouth Cordage Company," Alden Street,
845
6 -
643.20
Warren Avenue, with street and house connections,
3,988
8
14
4
4.780.33
South and Pleasant Sts., with street and house connections,
22
6
Newfield Street.
377
6
253 20
Suosso Lane.
68
2
28.75
Lane between Mt. Pleasant St. and Bay View Avenue,
128
2
61.55
TOTALS,
16,629
$16,318.84
LEAKS.
There have been 23 leaks in main and distribution pipes this year, repaired at a cost of $198.03.
914
4
519.68
276
10
5,671
8
106
4
6,380.88
269
6
1,952
6
338
21/2
$308.48
22
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SERVICES.
Sixty-five new service pipes have been laid at a cost of $553.18. Five service pipes have been renewed at a cost of $45.21. There have been twenty-one leaks repaired in service at a cost of $91.83.
The following table shows the number of hydrants set dur- ing the year 1910, also size of pipe that feeds the hydrants, and whether on high or low service.
Warren Ave., opposite Mr. I. Blackmer's, 1 High
8 inch
Warren Ave., opposite Mrs. Faunce, 1
High
8 inch
Warren Ave., opposite Henry Litchfield, 1 High
8 inch
Warren Ave., opposite Bates Bros.' drive, 1 High 8 inch
South St., near Wm. W. Raymond, bend of road,
1
High
8 inch
South St., opposite Alba Wood,
1
High
8 inch
South St., near Albert G. Waterson,
1 High
8 inch
1 High
8 inch
Pleasant St., corner South Green St., Mayflower St., opposite Richmond Talbot, Mayflower St., opposite Silas B. Corey,
1
High
6 inch
1
High
6 inch
Forest Ave. and Forest Ave. Court,
1
High
4 inch
New St., built by Cordage Co., from South to North Spooner Sts.,
1
High
4 inch
Number of public hydrants on high service, Number of public hydrants on low service, Number of private hydrants,
179
37
52
268
Table showing cost of pipe manufactured during year 1910.
Size in.
No. of pipe
Length feet
Cost of iron
Labor
Cement
Rings
Rivets
Power and paint
Total
Cost per foot
8 in.
1,064
9,773
$2.409.69
$1,211.53
$920.46
$468.16
$63.16
$64.14
$5,137.14
.525
6 in.
627
5,306
896.55
509.15 66.85
373.57 35.45
184.64 15.48
32.45
31.50
2,027.86
.382
4 in.
86
788
90.06
4.95
4.50
217.29
.276
Total
1,777
15,867
$3,396.30
$1,787.53
$1,329.48
$668.28
$100.56
$100.14
$7.382.29
.
Sleeves are included in cost of 8-inch pipe, but not in 6-inch and 4-inch.
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Table showing cost of pipe manufactured during year 1910.
Size in.
No. of pipe
Length feet
Cost of iron
Labor
Cement
Rings
Rivets
Power and paint
Total
Cost per foot
8 in.
1,064
9,773
$2.409.69
$1,211.53
$468.16
$63.16
$64.14
$5,137.14
.525
6 in.
627
5,306
896.55
509.15 66.85
$920.46 373.57 35.45
184.64 15.48
32.45
31.50
2,027.86
.382
4 in.
86
788
90.06
4.95
4.50
217.29
276
Total
1,777
15,867
$3,396.30
$1,787.53
$1,329.48
$668.28
$100.56
$100.14
$7,382.29
.
Sleeves are included in cost of 8-inch pipe, but not in 6-inch and 4-inch.
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Great South Road
1050
2005
Kitle South Pond
1
1000
1000
Plate I. Diagram showing variations in levels of Great and Little South Ponds for 1910.
Size in.
8 in. 6 in. 4 in.
Total
U
3
-
15 2 co
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er
٠٢٠٠٨٠٠٠٠
L
1
Size in.
8 in.
6 in.
4 in.
Total
U2
J
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