USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Plymouth > Town annual report of the officers of the town of Plymouth, Massachusetts for the year ending 1927 > Part 31
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Mr. Nelson Pero, janitor at the Cold Spring and Alden St. Schools met with a fatal accident. Mr. John F. Mc- Ardle was appointed in his place.
Due to double sessions at the Senior High School, Mr. Fred J. Smith, assistant janitor, was relieved of the care of the South St. and Lincoln St. Schools, and Mr. A. Busi appointed as janitor.
A new band saw and a universal saw have been in- stalled in the manual training room at the Junior High School, cost about $600.00.
The playgrounds at the larger, lower grade schools, the Mt. Pleasant, Cornish and Burton, Knapp and Hedge, have been in a most unsatisfactory condition for a long time. Some experimental work has been done this year on the Cornish and Burton grounds, to give a surface adapted to such games as can be practised on the limited area available. The expense was about $700.00.
This work was done in accordance with the advice of Mr. Ernst Hermann, Superintendent of Playgrounds of the City of Newton, and under the direction of Mr. John B. Finney.
The new surface is a distinct improvement, and while its lasting quality can only be determined by time and use, it appears to offer a solution of some of the problems inherent in dirt playgrounds.
The major items of maintenance and repairs with ap- proximate cost are as follows :
PAINTING
Hedge-All outside woodwork
painted one coat, and en-
trances two coats, $285 00
Mt. Pleasant-Three classrooms
renovated on second floor, 225 00
High-Assembly Hall renovated, 245 00
South Street - Entire second floor renovated, 165 00
Material for above items, 175 00
$1,095 00
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ROOF REPAIRS
Knapp-South side of El in
rear covered with asphalt shingles, $129 50
Oak Street-85% of roof cov- ered with asphalt shingles, 350 00
Burton-65% of roof covered with asphalt shingles, 390 00
High-30% of roof covered
with asbestos shingles, 685 00
$1,554 50
GROUNDS
Knapp-Hard surfaced drive-
way from Court Street, $205 20
Oak Street-Grading playground, 202 53
Cornish-Hard surfaced play- ground, 717 63
$1,125 36
FENCING
Hedge-180 ft. on South side 5 ft. high, $238 00
Oak St .- 110 ft. on South side 5 ft. high, 163 00
High-266 ft. in rear 5 ft. high, 347 00
Wellingsley-123 ft. on street side 4 ft. high, 146 00
Total, 679 feet, $894 00
PLUMBING
Cornish-New 6 inch cast iron sewer pipe from building to street sewer
Replacing Akron pipe which bothered about roots, 400 00 400 00
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High-A 2" brass supply pipe to fixtures in one half of building, replacing galvanized iron pipe, stopped up with scale. Two new sinks in low- er corridor and one in Room 27 used as laboratory, 387 11 387 11
South Street-Teachers' toilet, 50 00 50 00
RESURFACING BLACKBOARDS 6252 sq. ft. of Blackboard resurfaced at the
Knapp, Oak Street, Cornish, Cold Spring,
Lincoln Street, Burton, and Mt. Pleasant Schools, $903 72
MISCELLANEOUS
High-Better Lighting facilities,
$100 00
Hedge-New concrete steps, New Flagpole (steel)
50 00
100 00
Knapp-Radiators installed in two ante-rooms for use of Doctor and nurses, 116 00
CEDARVILLE
An addition 7'x22' added to rear of building to accommodate Kaustine toilets and coal and wood and four large steel sash in- stalled in west wall, 1,000 00
$7,775 69
Total, Respectfully submitted, FREDERICK D. BARTLETT, A. PERRY RICHARDS, ALBERT L. MELLOR, E. HAROLD DONOVAN, EDWARD R. BELCHER, FANNIE T. ROWELL,
School Committee.
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FINANCIAL REPORT
RECEIPTS
Appropriation March, $249,000 00
Income from Trust Fund,
22 21
$249,022 21
PAYMENTS
General Expenses, $7,958 67
Teachers' Salaries,
156,666 04
Text Books & Supplies,
13,165 83
Transportation,
16,897 78
Janitor Service,
12,494 50
Fuel,
11,368 02
Repairs and Maintenance,
16,568 24
Equipment,
3,730 26
Medical Inspection,
7,300 61
Tuition,
1,279 76
Total,
$247,429 71
Unexpended Balance,
$1,592 50
REIMBURSEMENTS
From the State for-
Teachers' Salaries,
$18,290 00
Americanization,
648 25
Tuition,
695 00
Miscellaneous,
288 66
Total, $19,921 91
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT BUDGET FOR 1929 General Expenses-
Superintendent's Salary,
$4,500 00
Secretary, 1,500 00
Supervisor of Attendance, 300 00
Station, Postage & Print.,
500 00
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Telephone,
150 00
Traveling Expense,
250 00
Automobile Expense,
500 00
Freight and Express,
200 00
Schools Census, All Other,
300 00
Teachers' Salaries-
Day,
$160,000 00
Evening,
2,000 00
Summer,
450 00
162,450 00
Text Books and Supplies-
Text and Reference Books,
$6,000 00
Paper, Blank Books, etc.,
4,000 00
Manual Train. Supplies,
800 00
Domestic Science,
500 00
Athletic Supplies,
250 00
All Other,
400 00
11,950 00
Tuition and Transportation,
2,000 00
Transportation,
18,500 00
Janitors' Services-
Day,
$13,000 00
Evening,
200 00
Watchmen, July 4th,
100 00
13,300 00
Fuel and Light-
Coal and Wood,
$11,500 00
Gas and Electricity,
1,500 00
Maintenance ---
Salary of Building Supervisor, $2,600 00
General Repairs, 8,000 00
Flags and Flagstaffs,
150 00
Janitors' Supplies,
600 00
Telephones,
350 00
13,000 00
250 00
$8,450 00
-- 12-
Ashes, etc., removed,
500 00
All Other (Labor and ma- terial on grounds), 500 00
12,700 00
Furniture and Furnishings-
Desks and Chairs
Manual Training Equipment
1
$1,000 00
All Other
Typewriters, 600 00
1,600 00
Rent,
400 00
Diplomas and Graduation,
Medical Inspection-
Physician,
$1,800 00
Nurse and Assistant,
2,500 00
Dental Nurse,
1,400 00
Dental Clinic,
900 00
All Other,
900 00
7,500 00
Total,
$252,000 00
School Department Traveling Expenses out- side of Massachusetts for year 1930, $250 00
150 00
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REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
To the School Committee:
I herewith submit to you my third annual report as Superintendent of Schools. It consists to a large extent of extracts from the reports submitted to me by the prin- cipals and supervisors, and is an attempt to show, first the serious conditions in the junior and senior high schools, secondly, some results of tests in the fundamental studies, and thirdly, some of the newer and special phases of activities carried on in the schools.
The most serious problem confronting not only the Plymouth schools, but all the schools of the United States is the developing of a program of education fitted to meet the diverse needs of all the children of all the peo- ple. It touches upon every phase of school activity ; the buildings and their equipment, the extent of the funda- mentals, the breadth of the curricula, the type of subject matter and the rate of progress.
CONDITIONS IN JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
During the past two years many of the over-age pupils have been advanced from the fifth and sixth grades to the junior high school and from the latter to the senior high. Many of these have neither mastered the difficul- ties of technical grammar, nor the complicated mathe- matical problems and yet they know the fundamentals of these studies in so far as their lives will ever be af- fected. The problem of the senior high in part is to offer worthwhile subjects to meet the varied interests and then to adapt the subject matter to the abilities of the pupils. The town must furnish the rooms and apparatus, the teaching force must organize the subject matter.
The exceedingly serious situation in the junior and senior high schools was discussed fully in the reports
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of last year and definite recommendations made. It is impossible to maintain the high standard of the Plym- outh schools under the present conditions.
Miss Katharine A. O'Brien, Principal of the Junior High School, states,
"In my report of last year I emphasized the fact that there were more pupils than the school building could properly accommodate. This year with an enrollment of four hundred eight-one, provision had to be made for another classroom. To make this, the sewing room dur- ing the summer, was equipped with desks and chairs as a classroom, thus giving some relief, and a room in Lincoln Street School formerly used for drawing, is now used as the regular sewing room. The following distribution of pupils in the seventh grades, gives some idea of the crowded conditions in classrooms where the seating ca- pacity was originally planned for thirty-six pupils. At present there are in: 7A1-46, 7A2-47, 7B1-47, 7B2-47, 7C-45, instead of the usual 36, which is considered the maximum for efficiency.
"Pupils go to classes in three outside buildings; the High School for drawing, the Lincoln Street School for woodworking. It would be real economy to have these special classes housed in one building, as the time con- sumed going to and from these places shortens the especially during the winter months when it is necessary to wear outdoor garments."
The lack of adequate facilities, such as the gymnasium, auditorium and lunch room, were explained fully last year. With classes of 42-47 pupils it is absolutely impos- sible for each individual to receive attention to his indiv- idual needs. The strain also upon the teacher is excessive.
Of the 202 pupils who graduated in June from the eighth grade, or were passed on probation, over 190 ap- plied for admission to High School. This brought the high school enrollment to 490, an increase of 65 over the previous year. With conditions existing as described in
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the several reports of last year, it was absolutely impos- sible to accommodate 65 more pupils. A double session was the only possible solution.
The upper three classes go from 8 a. m. to 12.30 p. m., and the freshmen from 12.45 to 4.30 p. m. In the morn- ing the periods had to be shortened several minutes, net- ting a total loss of 10 to 12 per cent. of the actual class time, while the freshman lost one full period besides shortened periods, netting a loss of over 25% of class time. This plan had some advantages for some parents and some children, but for the school as a whole it meant a decided loss in efficiency.
The disadvantages are these : -
1. The upper three classes are losing one-tenth of their actual class time.
2. The freshmen class are losing over one quarter of their actual class time.
3. The morning group do some more home study than on the old plan and the freshmen at least an hour a day more, but in many cases home conditions do not permit profitable home study.
4. There is little opportunity to give individual help after school hours as all the rooms are in use most of the day. This is a serious handicap.
5. Instead of coming to school alert mentally and phys- ically, the freshmen have lost much of their energy.
6. In many classes pupils work with the rooms lighted by electricity, especially during the winter months.
7. Ten teachers have classes partly in the forenoon and partly in the afternoon. This is a severe strain upon some of them.
8. Assemblies and other activities such as music and physical education have been curtailed.
9. Transportation costs have increased because of ex- tra trips involved from Manomet, Russell Mills, and Darby, while one pupil from Half-Way Pond has to be boarded in town. This total cost is $2,000 a year at present, and is apt to increase next year.
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10. Janitor service was necessarily increased. This amounts to $540 a year.
11. Heating and lighting costs increased materially. A close estimate is $750 a year.
With the exception of new biology equipment and some additional room for typewriting, there is a lack of edu- cational facilities as stated in the reports of last year.
Mr. Wayne M. Shipman, Principal of the Senior High School reports as follows :
"There is every prospect of a larger enrollment next year. Next year's Sophomore and Junior classes will doubtless be larger, while the Freshmen group will prob- ably be about the size of the present class. This will mean crowded conditions again during the morning ses- sion, especially. Practically every room is now used every period. The two rooms not used all the time are two spec- ial rooms not adapted to regular class work. It will be hard to provide for the additional classes which will have to be formed. Again, as a year ago, may I express my earnest hope that the townspeople will see their way clear to provide adequate facilities for the proper education of the boys and girls of Plymouth."
The whole situation is exceedingly poor from an edu- cational point of view and needs immediate attention. No solution should be accepted unless it provides adequate facilities for all the children of the junior and senior high schools.
"Our school system is based on ideals of democracy. The elementary school has been established on this ideal. But let us not forget that this was not accomplished without a bitter battle. The same forces in the main which are so alarmed over the growth of our high schools fought the establishment of the first free tax supported elementary school. It has always been so. Our profes- sion should lead the battle for ever better educational op- portunities for all the people."
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CHANGES IN STUDIES IN THE JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS'
Two changes in studies have been made in the Junior High School in accordance with recommendations sub- mitted in the report of Professor Jesse B. Davis. Type- writing has been advanced to the Senior High School and emphasis put upon an introductory study of the com- mercial field. French as a separate study has been elimin- ated and in its place a General Language course is of- fered. The course consists of a study of Latin, French and Spanish or German as contributing factors to the English language. It gives children an insight into the construction of a foreign language. It shows whether a child has an interest in and an aptitude for languages before reaching high school. "It gives a real exploration of their interests and abilities before specialization," says Professor Brewer of Harvard, while W. B. Snow, Assistant Superintendent of Boston, states "From the evidence at hand, it seems probable that an introductory course of this kind would have real value for all children, and that children selected on the basis of such a course to go on with serious formal study of a foreign language would show a large measure of success and make more rapid progress than is customary without such an explor- atory course."
In the Senior High School a few changes have been made as reported by the principal, "French is no longer offered to Freshmen. Instead, the study of French is begun in the Sophomore year. This plan makes practica- ble the completion of the usual three years of French in the Senior year. A new course in Office Practice is of- fered to Senior Commercial students. A new course in World History is now required of a certain group of Sophomores. For Freshmen boys, who take the general curriculum, an excellent course in woodworking com- bined with mechanical drawing is given, while the girls have ten periods a week of Household Arts combining
School Two
-18-
this with instruction in home decorating. The work done in the Home Economics division throughout the school has been very much broadened and now includes all phases of home planning and management."
"In making up the classes for this year, the pupils were first divided according to the curricula which they were taking. That is, as far as possible, pupils taking Com- mercial work were put together, likewise those taking the Preparatory Curriculum and the General Curriculum were segregated. Again, the pupils were divided accord- ing to their ability as revealed by their school records. This makes it possible to adapt the teaching to the inter- ests and needs of the pupils better than previously."
"Our marking system has been changed slightly. We now use a D to denote that a pupil is below passing but is not so far below that he cannot improve by making extra effort. We also are rating pupils in manner, relia- bility, and spirit of cooperation because we realize that the development of these traits is essential to success and happiness. The marks appearing on the report cards represent the combined opinions of all the teachers with whom the pupils come in contact."
INCREASE IN SUPERVISION
During this year the Principals and Superintendent have spent more time in actual supervision of the class- room instruction. In October, every principal spent approximately an hour a week with each teacher, so that at the end of a month each principal had visited nearly a full day's work of each teacher. Since then the pro- gram has been varied to meet the needs of the different schools. Frequently the principal follows through the same subject with the same teacher for a week. Confer- ences are held with the teacher and helpful criticism given. The response on the part of the teachers has been excellent.
-19-
FUNDAMENTALS IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Frequently the question is asked - Do the schools still emphasize the fundamentals of arithmetic, reading, language and writing and are the results satisfactory ? In order to answer this question tests have been given in three of these subjects. Samples of the tests and the results are shown on the following pages.
First, there is the Wilson General Survey Test in Arithmetic, given under the direction of Professor G. M. Wilson of Boston University. For the past three years about two hundred New England cities and towns have made a special drive for one hundred per cent accuracy in the four fundamental operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Plymouth emphasized this only during the one year 1927-1928.
Secondly, there is the Providence Inventory Test in Reading Comprehension, given in Providence, Rhode Island, to test the ability to read with understanding.
Thirdly, there is the Providence Inventory Test in Lan- guage Usage, given also in Providence, to test the ability to use correct grammatical forms.
-20-
1. RESULTS' OF WILSON SURVEY TEST IN ARITH- METIC
On the opposite page is given part of the Wilson Survey Test in Arithmetic dealing with examples in the four fundamental operations, addition, subtraction, multipli- cation and division. Each test has a possible score of 100. Plymouth took a similar test in 1927 and ranked highly in it. Since then the schools have been working for greater accuracy without spending any more than the allotted time. The following results show the gain made.
A THE AVERAGE SCORE
Add.
Sub.
Mult. Div.
Grade 5, 1927
93.7
90
75.6
78.6
1928
96.4
92
83.3 84.4
An average gain of 4.5 points
Grade 6, 1927
96.1
94.2
83.6
97.8
1928
97
95.4
89.6
94.1
An average gain of one point
B THE PERCENT OF PUPILS HAVING PERFECT SCORES
Grade 5, 1927
43.7
46.6
19.7
31.5
1928
71.7
51.9
39 39.2
An average gain of 42% in the number of pupils with perfect scores
Grade 6, 1927
58
58
25 46.2
1928
82.9
63.3
57.2 66.9
An average gain of 44% in the number of pupils with perfect scores
C COMPARISON WITH STATE RESULTS
AVERAGE SCORES
Add.
Sub.
Mult.
Div
Total
Grade 4, Plymouth
97.3
90.2
79.4
266.9
State
95.6
92
80.4
268
Grade 5, Plymouth
96.4
92.1
83.3
84.4
356.2
State
96
92
80.6
85
353
Grade 6, Plymouth
97
95.4
89.6
94.1
376.1
State
97.2
96
87.2
92.6
373
PERCENT PERFECT SCORES
Add.
Sub.
Mult.
Div.
Ave.
Grade 4, Plymouth
69.7
55
37.8
54.2
State
64.8
58
31.1
51.3
Grade 5, Plymouth
71.7
51.9
39
39.2
50.5
State
68.8
60
33.3
44.1
51.6
Grade 6, Plymouth
82.9
63.3
57
66.9
67.5
State
76
66.5
40.4
60
60.7
. .
The above show clearly that a splendid gain in accuracy was made with almost 50% more pupils doing 100% work in 1928 than in 1927. In comparison with the results of those towns taking the test and many of them making a special drive on arithmetic for three years, Plymouth's average stands somewhat higher than their average.
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MULTIPLICATION
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(1)
6
8
7
7
0
8
6
5
4
0
57
98
5
4
3
6
8
5
9
9
7
0
2
9
(m)
(n)
(0)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
986
975
975
978
6897
95407
84654
2
3
4
7
6
84
67
DIVISION
(a) 9)45
(b) 4)4
(c)
3)24
(d) 8)56
(e) 2)4
(f) 7)14
(g) 6)42
(h) 8)48
(i) 9)54
(j) 3)27
(k) 7)35
(1) 9)72
(m) 6)36
(n) 2)6
(0) 3)18
(p) 7)49
(q) 9)18
(r) 4)20
(s) 2)14
(t) 5)25
(u) 8)24
(v) 7)7
(w) 3)6
(x) 5)35
(y) 5)105420
(z) 9)972918
(a*) 46) 56396
(b*) 18) 42840
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(1)
(m)
(n)
(0)
8
5
8
2
9
7
8
9
2
4
3
9
4
6
8
1
3
6
2
0
3
8
2
1
4
3
6
3
5
2
(t)
(s)
(r)
(p)
(p)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
(y)
(z)
(a*)
(b*)
5
9
5
7
9
1511
2784
8412
14883
12768
17874
16760
15580
5
8
2
7
5
987
347
2646
1965
4397
3935
6429
8322
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(1)
(m)
(n)
(o)
8
7
5
1
0
3
0
1
8
0
6
5
5
6
3
3
6
4
9
9
8
6
7
9
7
8
9
7
9
6
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s) $14.69
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
758
$5.83
8757
0
5
4
0
45
786
5.19
3787
8.54
4
8
7
5
89
6
5
7
4
66
7
6
8
9
38
75
SUBTRACTION
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
ADDITION
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2. RESULTS IN READING COMPREHENSION TEST.
On the opposite page is a part of the test in Reading. Thirty minutes are allowed to read forty seven para- graphs and discover the one word that spoils the mean- ing. These paragraphs are graded according to difficulty so that the average fourth grade child can read with understanding only a limited number, the fifth grade a few more and so on. Providence has used this type of test for three or four years while Plymouth pupils tried it for the first time in January. The results are sum- marized below.
NUMBER OF PARAGRAPHS READ CORRECTLY
Grades
4
5
6
7 8
Upper 10%
31++
37+
39+
41+
42++
Upper 20%
27++
34+
37+
38+ 41+
Upper 50%
22++
29+
32+
35+ 38+
Lower 20%
15-
22-
25-
30- 34-
Lower 10%
12-
19-
21-
26-
32-
Note :- The plus indicates "or more", and, the minus sign "or less". E. G .- 31+ means 31 or more, 15- means 15 or less.
The above results show a larger gain between the fourth and fifth grades than between the others. There is, however, a uniform gain throughout from grade to grade. The results compare very favorable with those of the Providence Schools, in many cases being somewhat higher.
In some towns and cities the slow pupils are placed in pre-vocational schools. The results in tests are based upon those pupils doing regular class work and do not include those in these special schools. The results in the Plymouth grades include those of the slow groups in the grades and the special groups at the Junior High School.
-23-
PROVIDENCE INVENTORY TEST IN READING COMPREHENSION
Cross out the one word in each paragraph that spoils the meaning.
Illustration (Word in parenthesis is incorrect) : In crossing a street with other children, lock (carelessly) before you cross and keep close together.
Nine out of forty-seven paragraphs are given below.
1. "O dandelion as yellow as silver, what do you do all day ?"
4. Fred awoke and found it had been snowing hard all night. The rain lay twelve inches deep over the garden and all over the paths around the house.
10. For many weeks during the long, cold winter, the little brown Eskimo does not see the sun at all. Ice and snow lie thickly upon the sky and it is very cold.
19. One very hot day last summer, Mary's mother baked a chocolate cake and two dozen molasses cookies. When her work was done she was so hot she went out of doors and sat in the sun to get cool.
25. Betsy Ross, when asked to make a flag from a rough design, deftly folded a scrap of paper and, with a single clip of her thimble, displayed a true, symmet- rical, five pointed star.
29. A very brave knight, whose name was Sir George, lived in the land. He was not only more cowardly than the rest, but he was so noble and good that the people came to call him Saint George.
39 Times grew worse and worse for Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on. A tart temper never mellows with age and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows duller with constant use.
42. Luther Burbank grew plums without stones, a can- ning cherry which thoughfully leaves its stones on the tree, a quince with the flavor of a pineapple and mellow enough to be eaten raw, and corn which has many eyes instead of one or two on a stalk.
47. Many idealists are taking the justified position that the best way to bring unethical groups under ethical control is for individuals to dissociate themselves clearly from the ethical conduct of the group at whatever cost.
-24-
3. RESULTS IN LANGUAGE USAGE TESTS
The sentences in the test on the opposite page contain language errors, some of which are simple enough for the fourth grade pupils, while others would trouble many of the seniors in the high school. Both errors in a sen- tence must be corrected before a score is made. There were forty sentences to be corrected. The time limit was 15 minutes. The scores obtained are as follows:
Grades
4
5
6
7 29+
8
Upper 10%
24+
27+
28+
31+
Upped 20%
22+
24++
26+
28+
29+
Upper 50%
17+
20++
23+
25+
26+
Lower 20%
12-
16-
19-
21-
22-
Lower 10%
10-
14-
18-
18-
21-
Note : + indicates "or better" e. g. 24+ means 24 or more. - indicates "or less" e. g. 12- means 12 or less.
The results show a uniform gain from grade to grade. These results compare very favorably with those of Provi- dence and indicate a high standard of achievement.
4. CONCLUSION IN REGARD TO RESULTS IN TESTS
These results unquestionably indicate that the work of the Plymouth schools in the fundamentals of reading, language and arithmetic is equal to or above the average of the better educational systems. Other tests given but not reported also indicate this same high standard.
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