USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > Fairhaven > Town annual report of the offices of Fairhaven, Massachusetts 1893 > Part 3
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SECOND YEAR.
Observe, continuing work of previous year. In the fall, notice time of falling of leaves and changes in color. In the spring, notice the growth of leaves and flowers from the buds. Observe leaves, arrangement on stem, parts, form, color, size of parts ; compare leaves for differences and resemblances in parts. Observe flowers; simple, perfect flowers, the larger ones, showing parts distinctly, to be preferred.
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Make collections of leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Language. Stories, a little longer than those in the first year. Let the child illustrate his stories by drawings. Instead of a word, occasionally put in a drawing to repre- sent the idea in the story. Be careful about the spelling. Original work, as well as copied, in this year.
THIRD YEAR.
Observe. Continue previous work; stems, position ; position of buds and leaves ; comparison of leaves con- tinued ; flowers, compare parts; fruits, parts ; seeds, simple parts ; roots, forms, where they grow.
Language. Stories told and written in form of a de- scription. Draw parts. Supplementary reading from "Leaves from Nature's Story Book," Burt's "Science Primer," and other books of like nature.
FOURTH YEAR.
Observe. Continue previous work; stems, under- ground stems, uses; leaves, simple and compound, ar- rangement and uses ; flowers, some imperfect and irregu- lar flowers; fruits, changes from flower to fruit; seeds, growth of seeds.
Language. Write longer descriptions, comparing two parts. Drawings of parts. Supplementary reading, Newell's "Lessons in Botany," etc.
FIFTH YEAR.
Observe. Review work of previous years. Take typi- cal plants, name, describe parts in order, compare parts, find uses ; grains ; deciduous trees ; spices, cotton, tea and coffee.
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Language. Written narrative personifying some plant. Some composition work. Supplementary reading. Books taken from the library.
SIXTH YEAR.
Continue work of previous year, adding how plants grow; getting food, flow of sap, distributing and storing. Conditions necessary for growth of certain kinds of plants. Composition work.
SEVENTH YEAR.
Fall term-Evergreen trees : pine, spruce, hemlock, cedar, and abor vitae. Collections of wood and leaves of each. Learn to distinguish these trees by form of tree and kind of leaf.
Spring term-Notice buds ; time of budding, shapes of buds, opening and development.
Oral analysis of a few simple flowers.
EIGHTH YEAR.
Simple oral analysis of flowers in full, with some writ- ten analysis. Mounting of specimens by pupils.
NINTH YEAR.
Review the work of previous years. Have written an- alysis of as many flowers as possible. Continue work of mounting specimens, the work to be done neatly.
Supplementary reading, with quotations and recitations.
MINERALS.
Time-November, December, and January. One-half hour a week.
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FIRST YEAR.
Quartz, mica, feldspar. Lessons to recognize and name. Find color, structure, hardness, lustre, and other prominent qualities, and one or two uses.
Let each pupil have a specimen. Have pupils make collections. Expression in oral and written sentences.
SECOND YEAR.
Review those of previous year and teach in addition, marble, asbestos, talc and hornblende. Find more prop- erties than in the first year, as cleavage, fracture, etc. (The pupils should not be given these names.) Uses. Words given as spelling lesson. Oral and written de- scriptions.
THIRD YEAR.
Review work of previous years, add calcite, barite, gypsum, and graphite. Compare the minerals for re- semblances and differences. Group minerals according to resemblances in hardness, lustre, etc. Uses, with some simple reasons. Oral and written descriptions in form of stories. Stories read by teacher, in relation to locality and uses of minerals. Children reproduce.
FOURTH YEAR.
Review. Continue with iron ores, coals, granite, sand- stone, slate. Observe same method as before. In teach- ing rocks have pupil find of what minerals composed, size and arrangement of particles, etc. Uses. Oral and written descriptions. Supplementary reading.
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FIFTH YEAR.
Collect and distinguish soil, subsoil, gravel, sand, and clay. Make collections in bottles or boxes. Observe and describe qualities. Draw arrangement of soils. Uses. Find how soil is made. Make collections from railroad cuts, cellars, gravel hills, etc.
Written descriptions of observations. Stories told and written, showing history of formation of pebbles and soil. Simple language. Supplementary reading.
SIXTH YEAR.
Quartz, feldspar, mica, marble, talc, calcite, serpentine, and hornblende. Pupils observe and describe according to definite order ; form, structure, cleavage, fracture, hard- ness, streak, transparency, lustre, colors. Varieties and uses. Pupils keep note books, work neatly arranged. Written papers expressing ideas gained from comparison of minerals.
SEVENTH YEAR.
Lessons on mineral mixtures : granite, sandstone, slate, schist and conglomerate (felsite and petrosilex, if any). Order ; minerals which make the rock, size, form, color ; whether united by fusion or cement; name ; varieties, uses, and locality. Examine boulders in the fields and walls ; compare with rock of surrounding country. Ex- amine ledge at the Fort. Note books. Written work de- scriptive of minerals and rocks of Fairhaven. Supple- mentary reading.
Teacher indicate boulders in a wall, to be named by pupils, Washington street.
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EIGHTH YEAR.
Teach natural body, mineral body, mineral mixture, and rock. Illustrate each. Examine sections of gravel hill, cellar or railroad cut for arrangement of material. Draw. Name and state composition of each material from top. Reason for this order. Collect samples in bottles, showing arrangement and relative thickness of layers. Write description of place observed.
NINTH YEAR.
Review work of previous years. Study soils. Color, arrangement, composition. Examine weathered rocks. State constituents. Reasons for amount of weathering. Minerals weathered most. Make a list of minerals ac- cording to their resistance to atmosphere. Diagrams. Written descriptions.
Relation of plant life to soil.
ANIMALS.
Time : February, March, and June. One-half hour a week.
FIRST YEAR.
Conversational lessons on pets, domestic animals, birds, common insects. To recognize and name animals ; single qualities of the animal and its parts. Homes, ways of eating, drinking, flying, building nests, etc. Make col- lections.
Language. Oral language, then read and copy sen- tences. Picture lessons.
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SECOND YEAR.
Domestic animals, parts, in order, qualities, prominent habits. Birds : Recognize and name as they come. Habits. Insects, common ones. Make collections.
Language. Oral. Group sentences into short stories. Picture lessons. Written stories. Draw insects. Sup- plementary reading.
THIRD YEAR.
Compare animals studied. Compare their parts with those of human body. Birds : continue recognizing and naming new birds ; parts of the bird in order; parts and qualities of feathers. Insects : more careful observation ; qualities, habits (honey bee, butterfly, fly, beetle, spider). Collections.
Language. Drawings with names of parts written in. Coloring of drawings. Stories written descriptive of qual- ities, differences and resemblances. Picture lessons. Supplementary reading.
FOURTH YEAR.
Group animals according to resemblances into grass- eating, flesh-eating, gnawing, hoofed, swimming, flying, backboned, jointed, soft-bodied, radiates. Group birds : swimmers, scratchers, perchers. Observe turtles, frogs, toads, fishes ; "compare. Compare parts of insects. Notice development of frogs and insects. Have a small aquarium, if possible. Descriptive language work. Drawing of animals and their parts. Supplementary reading.
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FIFTH YEAR.
Animals useful for labor, food, clothing, ornaments, etc. Study these from specimens and pictures. Continue ob- servation of insects and their development. Study cocoons. Study the homes of animals, e. g., lair, hole, nests, webs. Oral and written descriptions in full. Sup- plementary reading.
SIXTH YEAR.
Observation of crab (crustacean), spiders (arachnida), and worms (vermes). Observe and compare the different mollusks found in the Acushnet river.
Observe and draw shells of different kinds. Make col- lections of shells. Observations made according to a definite order. Oral descriptions given fluently and con- cisely. Note books. Draw all the parts.
SEVENTH YEAR.
Observation and comparison of star fish and sea urchin, corals, and sponges. The Acushnet river will furnish the first two, the sponges may be obtained at a drug store, and the corals brought by the pupils.
Observations made according to a definite outline.
Note books containing outline, observations, and some inferences and drawings. Composition work. Supple- mentary reading-Stories, poems.
EIGHTH YEAR.
Observation of birds; qualities, habits, season, nests, uses. Compare for differences and resemblances. Group into classes. Study first the birds of Fairhaven, then those of other parts of the country. Review the first four years' work. Make collections for the ninth year.
Mode of work similar to seventh year.
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NINTH YEAR.
General review of last four years, general structure of animals, food and way of getting it, breathing, locomo- tion, etc.
Grouping of animals into branches and classes.
Naming and classifying of insects in collections made. Have some good text-books for reference.
Method similar to that of previous years.
PHYSIOLOGY.
At least one-half hour a week is to be given to this sub- ject.
Pupil to make observations at home, at the market, and at school. The parts of the animal itself to be observed in every case where it is possible. Diagrams and pic- tures are also to be used.
FIRST YEAR.
The whole body. Position, size, weight.
The external parts. Principal parts. Parts of head, neck, trunk, arms, and legs. Uses of parts. Care of parts. Exercises for development of the parts.
SECOND YEAR.
Senses: Touch, sight, hearing, taste, smell.
Teach the sense and its most delicate parts. Use. Care.
Teach organ and its use by experiment.
Teach value of senses, pleasure derived from their use. Read and tell stories to excite interest.
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THIRD YEAR.
The limbs and walls. Skin, muscle, tendon, blood, blood vessels, nerves, fat, bones, joints, ligaments, car- tilage.
Teach to distinguish and name the part, to observe its position and important qualities. Use. Care. Effects of alcohol and tobacco.
Have these parts before the children for examination and observation. They can be obtained at the market. Have pupils arrange facts in definite order in oral and written descriptions. Read and tell stories.
Teach to put on sticking plaster and to bandage a cut.
FOURTH YEAR.
The internal organs. Tongue, teeth, pharynx, æso- phagus, trachea, stomach, liver, heart, arteries, veins.
Have pupil locate each organ by placing hand over it. Group the organs into systems. Uses. Care. Locate large arteries and veins. Find the pulse and count beats. Have parts of a calf, fowl, or other animal.
Pupils make connected descriptions, using good lan- guage, both oral and written. Pupils draw diagrams.
FIFTH YEAR.
Needs of the body. Food, air, clothing, removal of waste, exercise, rest.
Effects of alcohol and tobacco. Pupil directed in his observations bý teacher ; at home, on the street, at school. Perceived effects stated. Teacher use outlines in "Our Bodies," "Health Primer," and other good text-books. Reading of stories and other articles illustrating these needs. Teach to treat a burn or scald.
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SIXTH YEAR.
The digestive system.
Teach the principal organs of the system, the name and place, their connection and relation to each other. Work of each organ in the system and the work of the system. Teach topically. Pupils keep note books, work neatly arranged. Diagrams by pupils. Order : observe, tell, draw.
Effects of stimulants and narcotics.
SEVENTH YEAR.
Circulatory and respiratory systems. Effect of stimu- lants and narcotics. Teach organ, position, function, care. Follow outline in any good physiology. Teach topically. Have pupil make outline under guidance of teacher. Note books containing full descriptions and dia- grams. Use parts themselves, diagrams, charts, and the manikin.
EIGHTH YEAR.
Motory and nervous systems. Observe directions under preceding year. Pupils use reference books. Relation of nervous to other systems paid special attention. Effect of stimulants and narcotics.
NINTH YEAR.
Review the systems according to an outline and pay special attention to interdependence of the systems. Pupils use reference books.
A good physiology should be in the hands of each pupil.
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MILLICENT LIBRARY.
[Brief abstract and tables from Librarian's report.]
It has been proposed that each year a brief abstract of the report of the librarian of the Millicent Library be subjoined to the reports of the town officers. The work- ings of an institution so intimately connected with the moral and intellectual advancement of the town cannot fail to be of sufficient interest to warrant publication in this form.
The result of the first year of active operations must convince all that the library has entered upon a real and permanent career of usefulness.
Attention is called to table No. 1, where the monthly circulation of books by classes will be found, also the total circulation in each department of the library for the year.
Table No. 2 gives the number of volumes, Jan. 1st, 1894, and is the basis from which all future accessions will be reckoned.
The circulation of books has been satisfactory, far be- yond the expectation of the most sanguine. A compari- son of work with that of other libraries in towns five times as large as ours shows that we have issued as many books as they.
With a population of 3,000 there are 1,500 card-holders, or one card to every two individuals in town. While this
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is an exceptional record, we feel that there are many yet who have not become sufficiently interested to allow their names to be added to our list of patrons. The library is for all, not only for the student and scholar, but for the general reader ; for those who do not patronize it for the purpose of investigation and study, but for pleasure and recreation.
From the table it will be seen that about 81 per cent. of the circulation has been fiction. The high percentage in this department is not peculiar to Fairhaven or the Millicent Library. Let us believe that as time goes on the people will become more interested in the substantial departments of the library, and that this love for light reading that now seems a hindrance to its larger useful- ness may really be the stepping stone to something better.
There has been a steady growth in the list of appli- cants for cards, 1,737 having been issued to Jan. 1st. Two hundred and fifty-nine are held by non-residents, many of whom are regular patrons. A small percentage were issued to persons temporarily here during the summer months.
The reading room has been open every day and even- ing since Feb. 1st, 1893, and the increasing number of readers of the daily papers and periodicals attest that this part of the library is appreciated, and is interesting many. The library is a regular subscriber for ten dailies, thirty-seven weeklies, one fortnightly, thirty-five month- lies, and two quarterlies, making a total of eighty-five periodicals regularly received.
The number of visitors on Sundays for the purpose of exchanging books or enjoying a quiet hour has demon- strated the wisdom of that section of the by-laws that provides that "the same uniform regulations shall apply during Sundays and holidays as on other days of the year."
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Three hundred and seventeen books were issued on the Sundays of February ; 406 in March ; 414 in April ; 376 in May ; 336 in June ; 369 in July ; 358 in August ; 323 in September; 387 in October; 401 in November; and 612 in December, making a total of 4,299 for the Sun- days from February 1st, 1893, to January 1, 1894, and an average of 89 books for each day.
The holidays of 1893 were February 22, May 30, July 4, November 30, December 25. We issued 418 books, or an average of 83 for each holiday.
Since February 1, 1893, we have added by gift 409 volumes. The donations of the year have been received from nineteen individuals and five societies and govern- mental departments. We have purchased since June 24, 600 volumes, all of which are on the shelves or in circula- tion.
It has been the aim to avoid all dangerous forms of lit- erature so attractive to the young, yet so blighting in influence. The committee and librarian desire to place on the shelves only such books as have been stamped of real and permanent value, not forgetting that the rapid advance of knowledge in every department, particularly the progress in arts and sciences, demand that a library to to be of much benefit must keep up with the best current literature and contemporary contributions from all quar- ters.
The library is not an experiment. Its influence for good cannot be doubted. It must be recognized as a permanent institution and as an important factor in the educational system of Fairhaven. A free library is an extension of the public school system, and where facilities are not afforded for wise and extended reading in connec- tion with schools their usefulness is much impaired.
D. C. STEVENS,
Librarian.
No. 1.
Table showing Monthly Circulation of Books by Classes, from Feb. 1, 1893, to Jan. 1, 1894.
0 General works.
1 Philos- ophy.
2 Religion.
3
Sociol- Philol- Natural ogy.
5 science.
6 Useful arts.
7 Fine arts.
8 Litera- ture.
History
Biogra- phy.
Circulation Fiction. by months.
Feb.
55
4
-
25
29
1
34
56
46
74
251
100
2359
3034
March.
190
4
-
21
31
1
38
87
92
98
-
-
179
3606
4706
April.
164
4
28
23
1
1
43
65
55
86
276
120
3138
4003
May.
122
2
-
28
28
4
35
- 54
-
48
80
227
108
2822
3558
June.
103
-
0
-
19
21
1
68
-
52
37
71
-
158
77
2567
3174
July.
125
6
13
23
1
-
29
34
43
59
165
65
2847
3410
Aug.
-
105
4
24
20
3
30
35
32
53
157
68
3054
3585
Sept.
110
6
14
19
6
30
41
39
55
132
76
2884
3412
Oct.
115
12
20
21
2
22
47
42
73
151
73
2722
3310
Nov.
112
9
24
25
10
- 38
58
48
87
203
86
2758
3458
Dec.
101
13
-
37
26
3
30
- 105
89
89
- 292
127
3302
1 4210
1302
64
253
-
266
33
407
634
571
82]
2371
1079
32059
Total circulation, 11 months, 39,860.
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1
-
-
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-
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-
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-
-
359
-
9
4 ogy.
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No. 2.
Table giving Number of Volumes in Library, Jan. 1st, 1894.
0. General Works, 526
1. Philosophy, 154
2. Religion, . 406
3. Sociology,
4. Philology, 368
73
5. Natural Science, 452
6. Useful Arts,
7. Fine Arts, 435
371
8. Literature, 975
9. History and Travel, 1,653
Biography, 1,081
Fiction, . 2,375
Total, . 8,869
4 2 5,- 150.
2) 2 > 5=
2) 425 141
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