USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Acton > Town annual reports of Acton, Massachusetts 1894-1900 > Part 3
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56
SCHOOL REPORT
The enlargement of the school building at South Acton is becoming a pressing necessity if the schools there are to be con- ducted to the best advantage or, indeed, provided with ordinary facilities for doing the work required in them. At present every part of the building is occupied. There are no recitation rooms and the only place where the laboratory work of the high school can be carried on is in a closet, partitioned off in the basement which cannot be used in winter and which, from its situation and narrow limits, is unfit for such use at any time. One or more recitation rooms are urgently needed for the use of the high school, as is one also for the primary school. In the latter school during the spring term we were obliged, by the large number of pupils then in attendance, to employ an assistant teacher and this assistant was compelled to take her classes into a corner of the schoolroom or to the cloak room, or the hallway, as the weather permitted.
· An addition to the present building, which shall contain reci- 、 tation rooms for the Primary and High Schools as well as a laboratory for the latter school, should be built.
We recommend that the Selectmen be directed to give this subject their immediate consideration, and to report to the town with plans and estimates at an early date.
The special appropriation of $100 last year enabled your committee to provide the High School with a number of the pieces of chemical and physical apparatus most needed, including a fine microscope of a power of 480 diameters.
We request that. $100 be appropriated this year for the pur- chase of additional apparatus and of books of reference, of which the school is greatly in need.
The report of the purchasing agent of the Board is published as a part of this report. The demand for text books for the High School, incident to the change in course and to the increased number of pupils, has been largely met. A somewhat smaller appropriation than that of last year will therefore satisfy the needs of this department during the coming year. We recom- mend the appropriation of $475 for school supplies.
57
TOWN OF ACTON.
The appropriation for transportation of the pupils of the High School may also be cut down. It is always impossible to fix upon a sum which shall be exactly adequate to the demands made upon it for this purpose, but we believe that an appropria- tion of $575 will be sufficient for this year.
In presenting to you the estimates of expenses for the year, we desire to remind you that, in the event of an appropriation being made for the transportation to the Centre of the pupils of the North and East schools, the amount of the item for the support of the common schools should be reduced.
The sum of $375 has been received from the State on account of salary of superintendent of schools for the year 1893-94.
Summary of Receipts and Expenditures on account of Schools for the year 1894-95.
RECEIPTS.
Appropriation for common schools, $2,800 00
High school, 1,600 00
66 school supplies, .550 00
66
6 transportation S. E. pupils, 180 00
66
66
H. S. 790 00
66
“ scientific apparatus, 100 00
66 salary of superintendent, 475 00
Received from Mass. School Fund,
216 06
66 " dog taxes,
206 70
tuition in H. S., 40 00
$6,957 76
58
SCHOOL REPORT
EXPENDITURES.
For common schools,
$3,083 64
High school,
1,606 87
school supplies,
564 85
transportation S. E. pupils,
180 00
H. S. «
585 50
scientific apparatus,
109 56
salary of superintendent,
532 39
$6,662 81
Unexpended balance for the year, $294 95.
Summary of appropriations for support of schools recommended for the year 1895-96.
For common schools,
$2,800 00
High school,
1,600 00
school supplies,
475 00
transportation S. E. pupils,
180 00
H. S.
575 00
scientific apparatus, etc.,
100 00
salary of superintendent,
475 00
$6,205 00
For the School Committee, CHAS. J. WILLIAMS, Chairman.
59
TOWN OF ACTON.
Superintendent's Report.
SCHOOL COMMITTEE OF ACTON :
GENTLEMEN :- The following report for the year is respect- fully submitted.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Number of children in town May 1, 1894, between 5 and 15 years of age, 264
Number of children in town May 1, 1894, between 8 and 14 years of age, 161
Whole number of pupils enrolled in the schools,
323
Number of pupils over 15 years of age,
39
Number of pupils between 8 and 14 years of age,
188
Average membership of all the schools, 276.3
Average attendance of all the schools, 259.66
Per cent. of attendance of all the schools, 93.9
ATTENDANCE.
The Centre school has the highest per cent. of attendance (96) for the year, and the North school the lowest (86). Notable changes in attendance have taken place in the South primary, the Centre and the East schools. The South Acton primary has been overcrowded, and if there is much of an increase in mem- bership in the spring term, provision will have to be made for an overflow school. This contingency can be met if the plan, pre- sented on another page. involving the opening of a grammar school, is adopted. The Centre school too has gained in mem- bership. Since the two schools have been consolidated there has been a gain of thirteen members. There has been a marked change for the better in the East school since its renovation in the spring term. The attendance is much better and the number of tardinesses and dismissals greatly lessened.
60
SCHOOL REPORT
TABULAR STATEMENT.
TEACHERS.
TERMS.
SCHOOLS.
| Whole number of puptls.
Average membership.
Average attendance.
| Per cent. of attendance.
| Pupils under 5 years of age.
| Pupils over 15 years of age.
|Pupils between 8 and 14 years of age.
Wages of teachers per month.
W. A. Charles. M. Florence Fletcher.
Spring Fall Winter
High.
66 66
62.58 63.66 60.3
59.13 60.89 56.64
95 95
0 36 14
93
28
27.08
25.76
95
Hattie L. Tuttle.
Spring Fall
South Grammar.
36
33.08 31.23
29.39
94
Bertha L. Gardner. Į
40 00
Ella L Miller.
Spring Fall Winter
South Primary.
51
44.82
42.39
94
O
O
96
Albertie M. Preston.
Spring Fall
West Grammar.
32
31.41
30:67
98
0 0 32
40 00
Winter
33
30.46
28.29
92
33
32.17
30.49 30.91
95
0 015
40 00
Winter
33
29.15
26.36
90
36
32.43
31.38
97
Susie E. Conant,
Spring Fall
Centre.
38
33.98
32.49
95
0
0 25
40 00
Winter
36
34.62
33-3
97
Lucy M. Booth.
Spring Fall
East.
26
25.
23.9
95
0 0 24
40 00
Winter
26
25.5
24.55
96
Lillian F. Richardson.
Spring Fall
North.
17
15.92
12.03 14.61
75 92
I
I II
40 00
Winter
18
15.53
14.4
92
0 I 25
40 00
Winter
33
55
54.27
47.71
88
*10 00
Bertha L. Gardner.
28
42
38.27
37.
32
31.5
30.
95
95
Harriet H. Gardner.
Spring Fall
West Primary.
33
32.41
24.99
90
40 00
Ida A. Hapgood.
31
27.77
21
15.85
* For 2 months.
ȘIII II
63
50 00
31.9
96
61
TOWN OF ACTON.
SCHOOLS.
We have in our school system three ungraded schools, (so called), two primary schools, two grammar schools, and a high school. There are four grades in each primary school and the same in each grammar school, while the ungraded schools cover eight grades, or eight years' work.
Graded schools, with whatever faults they have, are con- ceded by the highest authorities to be the best known for work- ing out modern ideas of education; and towns throughout the Commonwealth are studying ways and means to perfect such a system of schools. Regarded from a technical point of view, a graded school has not more than two grades.
As there are four grades, or more, in every one of our schools, they have not yet reached that degree of classification which properly designates graded schools, although each school is as well graded as the age and attainments of the pupils will permit it to be ; hence, it will be seen that the classification is such as to render it exceedingly difficult if not impossible to secure the most satisfactory results. The many grades in every school make necessary a multiplicity of classes ; and a large number of classes make the best teaching an impossibility. Our teachers are responsive to the demands of the new education, are zealous in their work, and endeavor to make their teaching more and more effective ; but if our pupils are to be educated along the most approved lines, we must give each teacher fewer grades. Whether consolidation of schools, which has been the means of giving all the school children of some towns, Concord for in- stance, and most of the pupils in many other towns the advan- tage of a graded school system, will grow in favor with Acton people, remains to be seen. I sincerely trust it will. Upon an affirmative view of this question depends largely the increased efficiency of our schools.
In the fall term there were enrolled in the South Acton primary school fifty-one pupils, divided into four grades cover-
62
SCHOOL REPORT
ing the first four years' work of the course. Leading educators practically agree that it is impossible for the average teacher to instruct fifty children well, even if they are all in one grade. How much more difficult must it be then to instruct fifty pupils well when the teacher has to spread her energy over four times as much ground! The Centre school with thirty-eight pupils and the East Acton school with twenty-six pupils, each with seven grades covering seven years' work, are laboring under very unfavorable conditions for securing the best results, owing to the many grades which render much necessary teaching impossible, and to the large number of classes -so large, in fact, that a teacher cannot properly prepare herself for all the work required. That great teacher, Dr. Arnold of Rugby, was once asked why he was so careful to prepare himself for every lesson he was to give. His answer was: "Because I wish my pupils to drink from a living fountain and not from a stagnant pool." Modern education demands that the pupils shall associate their knowl- edge with life; therefore if the pupils are to receive the best instruction of which the teacher is capable, the number of classes must not be so large that the teacher cannot get time in which to prepare herself for each recitation.
The conditions for work have been much improved in the last two years, and as a consequence the teaching has been more and more effective; but the schools are much in need of still better conditions for improved teaching, and these must be brought about principally by consolidation of schools. As a first step I would urge the consolidation of the North, East, and Centre schools at Acton Centre. The annual report for '94 treats the question of consolidation of schools so fully that nothing need be said here on that topic in general. In regard to these schools in particular, I would say that if they are consolidated the pupils will have the advantage of a much better gradation and the members of the three schools can be better taught, in two schools at the Centre by two of the teachers now employed, than they can be under the present arrangement. Whether such
63
TOWN OF ACTON.
a re-arrangement would be a more economical one I know not. It perhaps might be made so. Primarily, consolidation of schools is not an economic measure. It is a question of better educa- tional advantages; and a measure that will facilitate needed improvements in school work, pays, even if it costs a few dollars when adopted. This important step in consolidation, I sincerely trust will soon be made so that the pupils of these three districts will have the advantage of as good grading as the pupils of South and West Acton have.
But as the whole question of transportation may be re- opened this year, I would recommend the consideration of one more step in consolidation of schools, one which is necessary before our school system will afford the educational advantages that should be enjoyed by the pupils. At present our teachers have too many classes and find it impossible to do the amount of work which may be done in closer graded schools. I would suggest therefore that a grammar school be established, presumably at West Acton because there are ample accomodations in the build- ing there for such a school, to which the seventh and eighth year pupils may be sent from all parts of the town. The adoption of this recommendation would necessarily make the present grammar schools, intermediate, and would probably result in giving the primary schools the first three years' work instead of the first four, and the intermediate schools the fourth, fifth and sixth years' work instead of the fifth to eighth inclusive, and would bring about a gradation that should be satisfactory to all con- cerned.
Considering the disadvantages in the way of grading against which teachers have to contend, the work done by the schools generally has been very satisfactory. There have been no phenominal leaps in their progress but a steady, healthful advance along the line since the beginning of the year.
The course of study adopted for the schools at the beginning of the year has been used by the teachers as a guide in their work during the year and meets the present needs of the schools.
64
SCHOOL REPORT
On account of the large number of pupils in the South Acton primary school in the spring team, Miss Ella L. Miller, a member of the senior class of the high school was engaged to assist Miss Gardner.
There has been but one change of teachers during the year. Miss Lucy M. Booth, teacher of the East school, resigned on account of poor health, at the end of the spring term. Miss Ida A. Hapgood succeeded her.
Teachers' meetings have been held from time to time, after school hours, for the purpose of discussing ways and means for securing improved work. It was our privilege to attend, also, an all-day meeting, at South Acton, of the N. W. Middlesex Teachers' Association, in which two Acton teachers, Miss Conant and Miss Fletcher, took part, and which was addressed by State Agent Geo. A. Walton, and other prominent educators of the State.
HIGH SCHOOL.
This school has held its membership remarkably well during the year, which fact speaks well for its management. The apparatus furnished this year is thoroughly appreciated by the teachers, and has been found very helpful to the school. There is, however, need of additions not only to the physical apparatus but to the other means of teaching. The work of the school is facilitated by a good supply of apparatus as well as by ample accommodations for the work to be done; and the witholding of these necessary conditions for good work lessons the opportunity of the school to make the best progress possible.
65
TOWN OF ACTON.
The following table contains statistics of each school for the year :-
Schools.
Enrollment.
Average Membership.
Average Attendance.
Per Cent.
Tardiness.
Dismissals.
High,
66
62.18
58.88
94
I26
I40
So.Grammar,
29
30.46
29.01
95
156
59
So. Primary,
65
45.78
42.36
92
123
33
W.Grammar,
33
31.12
29.65
95
96
120
W. Primary,
39
31.24
29.25
93
81
87
Centre,
38
33.67
32.35
.9.6
34
42
East,
32
26.09
24.48
94
II2*
48₺
North.
21
15.76
13.68
86
12
64
323
276.3
259.66
93.9
7.42
5.93
*89 in Spring Term.
#36 in Spring Term.
A pupil is enrolled for the year in one school only, begin- ning with the spring term. When pupils are promoted their names are not enrolled again in the school to which they are promoted. As the outgoing class is often larger than the entering class, it sometimes happens that the enrollment of school for the year is less than the average membership as in the case of the South Grammar school. The table giving statistics by terms will be found on another page.
66
SCHOOL REPORT
HIGH SCHOOL.
Graduating Exercises of the Class of '94 at the Town Hall, Thursday Evening, June 14.
GRADUATES :
ELLA LIZZIE MILLER, BERTHA MAY NEWTON,
BLANCHE GERTRUDE VARNEY, ERNEST RAY TEELE.
FRANK ELBRIDGE HAPGOOD.
PROGRAMME.
March, Orchestra Rev. H. W. Smith
Prayer,
Song, "Greeting," School Essay, "Love of Home," Bertha May Newton
Poem, "The Concord Sages,"
Blanche Gertrude Varney
Song, "By the Moonlight," School Ella Lizzie Miller
Essay, "Oars and Sails,"
Address,
A. W. Edson, A. M., Agent State Board of Education
Song, "Hail to the Woods."
Conferring of Diplomas. Class Ode,
Music,
School Edward Dixon, Supt. of Schools Words by Miss Bertha M. Newton Orchestra
Since graduating, four members of the class have attended other insti- tutions of learning.
67
TOWN OF ACTON.
SCHOOL HOUSES.
The schoolhouses generally are in good repair, and, with the exception of the South Acton building, have ample accomodations for the different schools. The arrangement of rooms for the high school-two rooms on the second floor, neither of which will seat all the pupils, and a laboratory in the basement-is very incon- venient. The main room should be large enough to seat all the members of the school comfortably, and the laboratory should be more accessible so that it could be reached by the classes without disturbing the other schools in the building. The success of a school depends largely upon suitable accomodations for the work demanded-the proper heating and ventilation of the building, the convenient arrangement of the rooms, comfortable seats and desks, all necessary means of teaching, etc. This school needs another room on the second floor for use as a laboratory and recitation room so that the time and the energy of the teachers may be more fully economized and the school better accomodated.
I would recommend, too, the consideration of different means of heating this building, and the one at West Acton.
There was a time, not so very long ago, when there were many large pupils in grammar grades. Then, full-sized desks were necessary perhaps. Now by the time pupils reach the age of fourteen they generally either enter the high school or leave school altogether. Thus, although at one time the seats and desks may have been suitable for the pupils who occupied them, they are now, as a rule, much too large for the present pupils. The discomfort bears heaviest on the smallest children, some of whom have to sit with their feet dangling an inch or two from the floor.
In my work with the schools during the year I have had the active assistance of all the teachers, both in the schoolroom and in discussing plans of work at teacher's meetings. I have had ,
68
SCHOOL REPORT
too, the cordial support of the committee in my endeavors to im- prove the work of the schools, and I am especially indebted to Mr. Williams, the chairman, for valuable suggestions from time to time and for his helpful assistance during the year. I take this opportunity to acknowledge my gratitude to teachers and committee for all assistance rendered in effecting the very favor- able conditions under which I have pursued my work through- out the year.
Respectfully submitted, EDWARD DIXON, Superintendent of Schools.
69
TOWN OF ACTON.
Department of School Supplies.
To the School Committee :
I herewith present the annual report of the expense account of this department :
J. L. HAMMETT. Mar. 7. 20 rms. No. 27 letter paper, $20 00
2 practice " 1 50
2 8 66 66 1 20
2 5 66 66 66 1 20
1 66 66 11-2 " 66
75
8 manilla letter, 6 40
2 1-2
6 1b. 1 50
100 Cornhill pads, 5 25
36 1-2 lbs. note " 3 65
38 1-2 " No. 547 " 3 85
8 doz. manilla pads, 5 20
19 lbs. packet 1 90
19 «
manilla, 1 43
2 rms. manilla letter, 1 20
5 . 6x9 drawing paper, 1 50
5 " 9x12 66 3 00
1 " commercial note, 65
·250 envelopes, No. 6 1-2, 40
5000 No. 6 envelopes, manilla, 4 00
6 gross No. 490 pencils, 4 50
700 Am. slate pencils, 1 05
5 gross Met. pencils, No. 2, 8 75
5 66 66 3,
8 75
12 school pens, 4 56
1 doz. ink, 3 00
70
SCHOOL REPORT
Mar. 7. 1-2 gross Gem blackb'd erasers,3 75 1 No. 30 rulers, 2 00
1 1-4 C. blank books, 2 82
10 doz. No.2 Acme slate bands, 7 .20
1-2 case 7x11 ruled slates, 5 75
4 boxes colored cubes, 1 92
12 packages folding paper,214, 1 44
1 doz. sandpaper disks, 16
1 " 3 foot pointers, 80
$121 03
Mar. 20. 10 sets fraction rulers, 90
5 " No. 10 numeral frames,2 40
50 multiplication cards, 1 50
4 80
Mar. 30. 12 Sheppard's note books, 3 99
5 boxes plain cubes, 2 25
6 24
Apr. 10. 1 package sandpaper disks, 16
1 metre stick, 30
46
Apr. 24. 30 sets fractional disks, 2 88
2 gross drawing pencils, No.2, 4 50
2 gross “ 3, 4 50
2 bxs. prim. counting blocks, 2 00
3 gross slate in wood pencil, 2 25
16 13
Apr. 25. 500 sheets botany mounting
paper, 2 50 2 50
Apr. 27. 6 1-4 doz. manilla pads, 4 39
4 39
June 22. 1-2 doz. gummed paper,
1 75
1 75
Aug. 15. 2 doz. bottles muscilage,
1 50
1 50
Sept. 19. 1 box objects for word teaching,3 50
1 Gem pencil sharpener, 3 00
1 Kirpert's map, Rome,
6 40 ·
1 ebony flat ruler,
12 90
71
TOWN OF ACTON.
Oct. 26. 1 doz. ink, $3 .00
1 rm. practice paper, No. 11-2, 70. . .: 1 " 66 3, 70
1 66 66
8, 60 x:' 1 66
" 5, 60 .. . :
4 packages sandpaper disks, 64
6 24
Nov. 13. Mounting 1 Con'g.map, U. S., 2 50 . 2 50
Dec. 10. 23sets book-keep'g blanks,d.e.12 42 5 “ 66 66 s.e. 2 25
1 map U. S., 1 00 .15 67 $196 11 50
Credit, 2 bottles ink broken,
$195 61
GINN & Co.
Mar. 20. 4 Wentworth P.&S.geometry,$5 00 15 doz. spelling blanks, No. 2, 6 30.
14 " tracing books, 10 08
22 " copy 66 21 12
42 50
Less 1-6,
7 08
35 42
Apr. 10. 80 Montgomery Am. History,80 00 80 66 beginners, 48 00
128 00
Less 1-6,
21 33
106 67
Sept. 5. 3 Greenough's Cicero, 3 75
12 Gage Elem. of Physics, 13 44
9 Wentworth Sch. algebra, 10 08
27 27
Less 1-6,
4 54.
22 73
Dec. 6. 9 Gram. Sch. arithmetic, 1 95 : :
Less 1-6,
32: :
1 63
72
SCHOOL REPORT
Dec. 1. 1 Meyer's gen'l. history, $ 1 25
Postage, 16
1 41
Jan. 12. 1 Meyer's gen'l. history, 1 25
2 sets book-keeping blanks, 1 20 2 45
170 31
Credit by old books iii exchange, 28 00
$142 31
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.
Mar. 20. 6 Jevon's Polit. Economy, $2 10 18 Barnes' Hist. of Greece, 13 50 18 " Rome, 18 00
1 Geom. primmer, 35
33 95
Less 1-6, 6 79
27 16
Mar. 29. 2 Barnes' Hist. of Greece, 1 50
2 Grey's How Plants Grow, 1 60
3 10
Less 1-6,
62
2 48
Apr. 10. 80 Barnes' Com. geography, 100 00 80 Elem. 44 00
144 00
Less 1-5,
28 80
115 20
Apr.26. 100 Webster Sch. dictionary, 48 00
2 Barnes' Hist. Rome, 2 00
50 00
Less 1-5,
10 00
40 00
Sept. 7. 12 Barnes' Elem. geography, 6 60
Less 1-5, 1 32
5 28
73
TOWN OF ACTON.
Oct. 26. 6 Webster Sch. dictionary, 2 88
12 Swinton's word book, 2 16
5 04
Less 1-5, 1 04
4 04
Jan. · 1. 6 Barnes' Elem. geography, 3 30
Less 1-5, 66
2 64
196 80
33 60
Credit by old books in exchange, $163 20
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co.
Apr. 25. 35 Colburn's 1st lessons arith-
metic,
$10 41 $10 41
LEE & SHEPPARD.
May 5. 1 Smith classical dictionary, $2 92 $2 92
Sept. 5. 13 Swinton's Eng. literature, 15 60 Less 1-6, 2 60 13 00
$15 92
D. C. HEATH & Co.
May 14. 1 Clark's Microscopy,
$1 28
$1 28
Sept. 5. 5 Guides to science teaching, 2 35 Less 1-3, 78
1 57
Postage,
13
1 70
Dec. 1. 16 French literature,
4 80
Less 1-6,
80
4 00
$6 98
UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING CO.
Sept. 5. 9 Green's Zoology,
$9 00
Less 1-6,
1 50
7 50
74
SCHOOL REPORT
Dec. 4. 9 S. F. P. astronomy, $9 00
Less 1-6, 1 50 7 50
$15 00
MAYNARD MERRILL & Co.
Sept. 5. 4 Keetel's French readers, $4 00. $4 00
PUBLIC SCHOOL PRINTING CO.
Sept. 7. 200 Baldwin Report Books, $3 15 $3 15
SUNDRY EXPENDITURES.
Paid Wm. Jennings, express charges, $5 12
N. C. Reed, 66 6 2 15
" \V. A. Charles, 6 1 00 8 27 8 27
$564 85
The property now in the supply room is valued at $175.00. Very respectfully,
CHARLES J. WILLIAMS,
Purchasing Agent.
75
TOWN OF ACTON.
Town Warrant.
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, MIDDLESEX, SS.
To either of the Constables of the Town of Acton, in the County of Middlesex, GREETING :
You are hereby required in the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, to notify and warn the inhabitants of the Town of Acton, qualified to vote in elections and town affairs, to assemble in the Town Hall, in said Town, on Monday, the First Day of April, A. D. 1895, at nine o'clock, A. M., then and there to act upon the following articles as they may think proper, viz :
ARTICLE 1. To choose a Moderator to preside at said meeting.
ART. 2. To see if the Town will accept of the Jury List as revised by the Selectmen.
ART. 3. To see if the Town will accept the reports of the Selectmen, Overseers of the Poor, School Committee and other Town Officers, or act anything thereon.
ART. 4. To choose all necessary Town Officers and Com- mittees.
ART. 5. To see if the Town will authorize the Treasurer, with the approval of the Selectmen, to borrow money for the Town, if necessary, in anticipation of the taxes for the current. year.
ART. 6. To see if the Town will allow a discount on taxes paid on or before Nov, 1st.
ART. 7. To see what amount of money the Town will raise for the support of Memorial Library the present year.
ART. 8. To see if the Town will vote to sell the piece of land near the Monument House without any restriction, or act anything thereon.
76
ANNUAL REPORT
ART. 9. To see what amount of money the Town will raise for the support of schools the present year, and how it shall be divided.
ART. 10. To see what amount of money the Town will raise for school supplies the present year.
ART. 11. To see if the Town will erect and maintain street lamps the present year, or act anything thereon.
Yshall
ART. 12. To vote "Yes" or "No" in answer to the question shall licenses be granted for the sale of intoxicating liquors in the town the present year.
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