USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Arlington > Town of Arlington annual report 1876-1880 > Part 30
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32
$9,666 12
DR.
Amount paid Union Safe Deposit Vaults, rent of safe, $10 00
Amount paid Brewster, Basset & Co., for $8,000, Town of Stoughton, 4 per cent. Bonds, dated Aug. 10, 1880, payable in 13, 14, 15 and 16 years, at 101},
8,100 00
24 00 .
27 days accrued interest, for State of Massachusetts Bond, dated Oct. 1, 1863, payable in 20 years, No. 244, $1,000, interest at 5 per cent., at 104, 1,040 00
2 months, 6 days, accrued interest, 9 16
Loaned Town of Arlington, on demand, 482 96
$9,666 12
86
REPORT OF THE SINKING FUND COMMISSIONERS.
Investment.
Town of Arlington, 5 per cent.
Water Scrip, $5,000 00
Town of Wayland, 5 per cent. Bonds, 5,000 00
Town of Stoughton, 4 per cent. Bonds, 8,000 00
State of Massachusetts, 5 per cent. Bond, 1,000 00
U. S. Government, 4 per cent. Bond, 500 00
Town of Arlington, Note, payable on demand, 482 96
$19,982 96
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM G. PECK, Commissioners
A. D. HOITT, of the
WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Sinking Fund.
ARLINGTON, Dec. 31, 1880.
REPORT OF TRUSTEES OF PRATT FUND.
The Trustees of the Pratt Fund submit the following Report, for the year 1880 :
Income.
Received one year's int. on $9,000, City of Cambridge, Bridge Loan, $540 00
one year's interest on $15,000, City of Cambridge, Building Loan, 900 00
interest of Arlington Five Cents Savings Bank, 53 78
$1,493 78
Paid rent of safe in the Union Safe De- posit Vaults, 20 00
$1,473 78
Paid Town Treasurer, for Poor Widows' Fund, $294 76
Town Treasurer, for Public Library, 589 51
Deposit'd in Arlington Five Cents Savings Bank, as a High School Fund, 589 51
$1,473 78
88
REPORT OF TRUSTEES OF PRATT FUND.
Investment.
City of Cambridge, Bridge Loan, sixes, $9,000
66 Building " 66 15,000
Deposit in Arlington Five Cents Sav- ings Bank, 1,000
High School Fund Income, deposited in Arlington Five Cents Savings Bank, with interest to Jan. 1, 1881,
3,321 47
Respectfully submitted,
NATHAN ROBBINS, WILLIAM G. PECK,
Trustees of
JOHN P. WYMAN, DAVID P. GREEN,
HENRY SWAN,
Pratt Fund.
B. DELMONT LOCKE, ex officio, 1
ARLINGTON, Dec. 31, 1880.
1
£
:
-
$25,000 00
REPORT OF WATER COMMISSIONERS.
The Board convened, immediately after the annual March meeting, and organized by the choice of Henry Mott as Pres- ident, and B. Delmont Locke, Clerk and Registrar. At a) subsequent meeting Sylvester Stickney was chosen Superin- tendent.
It will be remembered, that at the annual meeting the town appropriated fifteen hundred dollars, to be expended under the direction of the Board, for the increase of our filtering capacity. Under the above appropriation, we have expended upwards of thirteen hundred dollars. The Board. made frequent visits to the reservoir, for the purpose of ascertaining the best location for constructing the proposed filter, and, after a full discussion of the whole subject, were unanimously of the opinion, that the most practical plan was to lengthen the present filter. With this view, we caused excavations to be made for a distance of one hundred feet from the terminus of the old filter, in a line parallel with the bank of the reservoir, walling up the sides with heavy stone for foundation, and covering in the whole with a brick arch laid in cement. We have to-day a continuous filtering gallery two hundred and thirty feet in length, with a width of twelve feet at the base. This addition has given a large supply of filtered water; but by no means has it proved to be an adequate supply for the wants of the town.
The marginal soil of the reservoir, so far as it has been tested by experimental excavations, is ill-adapted for filter- ing purposes. In the construction of the new filter, a single
90
REPORT OF WATER COMMISSIONERS.
steam-pump sufficed to free the trench from water, for the workmen; whereas, had we found a good filtering soil, two or three pumps would have been required.
The town of Waltham, with a filtering basin located on the banks of Charles River, covering an area of less than five thousand feet, has never wanted for full supply.
It is a most difficult matter, taking into consideration the almost unprecedented drought which has prevailed for the last seven months, to state with any thing more than guess- work how nearly we have reached the point of filtering all the water required by the town. Certain it is, that, had the town not seen fit to authorize the present extension, the number of hours per day, during the past season, in which we could have drawn a supply from the filter direct, would have been very few. We believe, therefore, that the outlay was a judicious one, although the supply has not been as great as had been expected.
The first year after the construction of the filter, assuming the reservoir to be full, shows its maximum capacity ; for the water passing through the great meadows carries vege- table substances held in solution, and these minute particles in their passage through the soil, from reservoir to the filter- ing gallery, must, to a certain extent, leave a deposit in the filtering soil, which, from constant accessions, will prove a serious obstacle to quick filtration. During the last season, after the excessive drought began, we could only supply water from the filter from early in the morning, until about three o'clock in the afternoon. This alternately drawing from filter and reservoir deteriorates the entire supply : the filtered water passes into the main pipes, already filled from the reservoir, and containing at least the sedimentary deposit of the previous night; so that some hours must necessarily elapse, before the mains are flushed, and the water is re- ceived by the taker in as good condition as when it left the filtering gallery.
It is evident that our citizens require, and must have, fil-
91
REPORT OF WATER COMMISSIONERS.
tered water for domestic use in full supply ; and the problem before us, is, how to get it with the least outlay.
It is possible, that, by the application of the meter system to all takers using the water for other than domestic pur- poses, the check upon this enormous waste, which is every- where apparent, would be sufficiently great to afford a sup- ply from the present filter during the average season; but the introduction of meters would necessitate the appropri- ation of money, not only for the meter itself, but for the connections which must be made in attaching them to the service-pipes, and the boxing and covering of the meter to protect it from frost. Again, no meter has, as yet, been offered to the public, that gives perfect satisfaction in point of accuracy. If, on the other hand, the town should decide to still further increase the filtering capacity, this can only be done by additional appropriations, and by continued experi- ments in constructing one or more galleries, until sufficient is stored to satisfy all demands. The expense of a filter on the north side of the reservoir will be much less than on the south side ; for uo pipe is there required to be laid through a high embankment to connect with the main.
We do not present these points at this time by way of recommending the citizens to adopt either plan, but simply as suggestions, offering a possible solution to the difficulty. Perhaps, in v ew of the fact that the present filter has never been tried in an average season, it would be as well to let the whole matter rest for another year, or until such time as a fair test can be applied, to show how far we have fallen short of meeting the ordinary requirements of the town.
Uses for which water is supplied, as reported by the Registrar : -
Families
supplied, 356
Stores and shops
66
16
Private stables
66
52
Livery stables
66
2
92
REPORT OF WATER COMMISSIONERS.
Horse railroad stable supplied, 1
Steam railroad depot 66
1
Hand hose
128
Hotels 66
3
Churches and societies 66
7
Town House 66
1
School-houses
3
Hose-houses 66
2
Private fountains
66
2
Irrigation 66
43
Cemetery, 66
1
Savings Bank building "
1
Stone crusher
1
Hydrants 65
98
Stock and tools on hand, as reported by the Superin- tendent : -
95 lbs. cast-iron gate boxes. 460 lbs. 4-inch iron pipe, 23 feet.
2 street service boxes.
1 second-hand street hydrant.
2 hydrant feet.
4 22-inch hydrant nipples.
4 22-inch hydrant caps.
2 42 ft. frost cases.
6 hydrant rods.
1 hydrant centre rod.
5 rubber gaskets.
32 ft. 12-inch cement-lined pipe.
7 ft. 6-inch cement-lined pipe.
7 ft. 4-inch cement-lined pipe.
73 lbs. manilla rope.
11 yds. rubber cloth.
2 eight-by-four cast-iron branches. 19 lbs. tarred rope, for calking. 2 picks.
93
REPORT OF WATER COMMISSIONERS.
1 snow-shovel. 2 pails. 1 hoe. 1 rake.
56 ft. 6-inch cement drain pipe. 5 ft. 6-inch branches drain pipe.
5 ft. 4-inch branches drain pipe. 3 lanterns.
5 gate wrenches. 2 wheelbarrows.
1 Gem meter.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
HENRY MOTT, JOHN FILLEBROWN, WILLIAM G. PECK,
Water
Commissioners.
ARLINGTON, Dec. 31, 1880.
1
£
: ·
2 08
1
WATER WORKS. - TREASURER'S REPORT.
RECEIPTS.
Balance of cash on hand, Dec. 31, 1879, $742 94
Amount received during the year 1880, viz. :
For water rates for 1880, $8,513 22
From town, for use of street hydrants for 1880, 1,000 00
9,513 22
Amount received of Faneuil Hall National Bank, interest on deposits, $92 63
Amount received of town, interest on loans of $2,500 and $500,
52 08
Amount received of Daniel Cah- lane, one year's rent of Slocum Mill, 480 00
Amount received for letting on water,
4 00
Amount received for grass sold,
89 25
717 96
Amount received of town, appro- priation for interest on Water Scrip, 9,000 00
Amount carried forward,
$19,974 12
95
WATER WORKS. - TREASURER'S REPORT.
Amount brought forward, $19,974 12
Amount received of town, appro- priation for the filter, Amount received of town (June 30), loan of Feb. 18th, 2.500 00 Loan of March 31st, 500 00
1,500 00
3,000 00
Amount of materials used and credited "Stock Materials" account, 20 23
$24,494 35
EXPENDITURES.
Service Pipes.
Paid Sylvester Stickney, for 17 services, at $19 each,
$323 00
Lexington Taxes.
Paid C. S. Parker, advertising - hearing, $12 50 .
J. H. Hardy, legal services, . 15 00
Tax of 1878,
63 57
Tax of 1879, 30 00
Tax of 1880, 47 09
168 16
Filter.
Paid Edwin P. Adams, civil engi- neer, for staking out ex- tension of filter gallery, and plan, $9 00 - Highway Department, labor of men and horses, 659 00
Amounts carried forward, $668 00
$491 16
96
WATER WORKS. - TREASURER'S REPORT.
Amounts brought forward, $668 00 $491 16
Paid Dennis Reardon, 20 loads of sand, . 20 00
J. L. Sands & Son, 29,850 bricks, at $9.25 per M, 276 11
L. G. Burnham & Co., ce- ment,
72 80
J. W. Russell, labor, laying brick,
126 25
S. L. Holt & Co., use of en- gine and services of engi- neer, 83 50
expense of procuring pump, board of engineer,
2 00
8 00
J. W. Peirce, 9-16 tons coal, Brooks, Rushton & Co., ex- pressing, 2 40 ,
R. K. Carpenter, manhole stones, 20 00
D. P. Green & Co., manhole cover, 23 35
City of Cambridge, 5 perch of stone, 4 25
. 11
1,363 52
Running Expenses.
Paid on account of Slocum Mill, as follows : :
Edward Storer, repairs,, $115 25
F. A. Smart, repairs on wheel, (. 38 ,00 1,
· Alfred Brooks, repairs, of stone work, 59 13 ١١٠
Amounts carried forward, V.
$212 38
$1,854 68
56 86
97
WATER WORKS. - TREASURER'S REPORT.
Amounts brought forward, $212 38 $1,854 68
Paid G. Y. Wellington, agent, Premium of Insurance, $2,500, for one year, 50 00
$262 38
Davis & Farnum Mfg. Co., service boxes, etc., 99 40
R. M. Gow, 6 service boxes, 7 50
Scrannage Bros. & Cook, castings, 9 96
J. W. Peirce, cement, 24 40
Waldo Bros., 2 casks Port- land cement,
7 00
Chas. Gott, sharpening tools,
4 40
City of Somerville, repairing leak, 13 63
M. F. Whiton & Co., 114 lbs. Sisal, 11 40.
Highway Department, labor of men and horses, grading, cutting brush, etc., 59 25
Doane & Greenough, cash book,
6 25
D. F. Jones & Co., printing,
22 50
C. S. Parker, printing,
1 50
J. H. Hardy, legal services,
9 95
W. C. Currier, horse hire,
12 75
S. B. Moore, carriage hire,
1 75
Calvin Andrews, horse hire,
1 00
amount of materials used from stock on hand, 20 23
Sylvester Stickney, bills, as follows :
2 brass screens, $29 36
Am'ts carried forward, $29 36 $575 25
$1,854 68
98
WATER WORKS. - TREASURER'S REPORT.
Am'ts brought forward, $29 36 $575 25 $1,854 68
100 lbs. white lead, 9 75 151 ft. 1-inch pipe, for E. T. Russell's service, 50 00
fittings, packing, sleeves, lead, etc., 31 55
labor of self and men,
repairing leaks in
main pipes, hy-
drants, and other
work for water
works, 440 92
561 58
Less credit 17 ser-
vice boxes, $29 75 2 street boxes, 5 00
- 34 75
- 526 83
1,102 08
Interest on Water Scrip.
Paid one year's interest on $220,000, at 6 per cent., $13,200 00 one year's interest on $80,000, at 5 per cent., 4,000 00
17,200 00
Amount loaned to town, Feb. 18th, 66 66 Mch. 31st,
2,500 00
500 00
3,000 00
Balance of cash on hand, Dec. 31, 1880,
1,337 59
$24,494 35
99
WATER WORKS. - TREASURER'S REPORT.
Trial Balance, Water Works Books, Dec. 31, 1880.
DR.
CR.
Town of Arlington,
$304,210 77
Construction,
$305,176 80
Cash,
1,337 59
Interest,
96,917 10
Town appropriation for interest,
39,000 00
Water rates for 1873,
8,035 83
1874,
7,913 66
1875,
7,600 52
66 1876,
8,463 59
1877,
8,947 58
66
1878,
8,857 89
66
1879,
9,415 60
66
1880,
9,590 22
Running expenses,
12,626 71
4,035 01
Filter,
136 48
Stock materials,
148 95
$416,207 15 $416,207 15
ARLINGTON, Dec. 31, 1880.
B. DELMONT LOCKE, Treasurer.
Sundry receipts,
100
RULES OF WATER WORKS.
Sections 15 and 16 of Rules of Water Works.
SECT. 15. The following rates shall be charged annually for the use of water, namely : -
DWELLING HOUSES.
Occupied by one family, for the first faucet, $5 00
For each additional faucet, to be used by the same family, 2 00
Where a house is occupied by more than one fam- ily, and less than four, one] faucet only being used for all, for each family, 4 00
Where a house is occupied by four or more fam- ilies, and but one faucet is used by all, for each family, 3 50
Where a house is occupied by more than one fam- ily, the highest rates will be charged for each family having the water carried into their part of the house.
For the first bath-tub, 5 00
For each additional bath-tub, 3 00
For the first water-closet,
5 00
For each additional water-closet,
3 00
For hopper water-closets, special rates will be made.
Where bath-tubs or water-closets are used by more than one family, for each family, 4 00
Where two faucets are used, one for hot and one for cold water, and both emptying into one basin, but one charge will be made for both ; provided, that in no case shall the charge for the use of water by a private family, exclu- sive of hose and stable, be more than 25 00
101
RULES OF WATER WORKS.
.
BOARDING HOUSES.
For the first faucet, $10 00
Each additional faucet, 2 00
Water-closet or bath-tub, when used by boarders, 10 00
Each additional bath-tub or water-closet,
3 00
STORES, OFFICES, WAREHOUSES, ETC., NOT INCLUDING MANUFACTORIES OR WORKSHOPS.
First faucet, $5 00
When two or more tenants are supplied from the same faucet, each, 4 00
Water-closet used by occupants of one tenement only, 5 00
When used by occupants of more than one ten- ement, for each tenant,
4 00
For each additional faucet or water-closet, half of above rates will be charged.
MARKETS, SALOONS, RESTAURANTS, WORKSHOPS.
For markets, saloons, restaurants, workshops, or for purposes not included in any other class- ification, and not requiring more than an ordi- nary supply of water,
$5 to $25
HOTELS.
For each bed for boarders and lodgers,
$3 00
For each bath-tub in a hotel, 10 00
For each water-closet in a hotel,
10 00
PUBLIC BATHS.
For one tub in public bath-house,
$10 00
For each additional bath-tub,
5 00
For one water-closet in public bath-house,
10 00
For each additional water-closet,
3 00
102
RULES OF WATER WORKS.
STABLES.
Private Stables. For the first horse, $5 00
66
For each additional horse, 4 00
For one cow, 2 00
For each additional cow, 1 00
Livery, club, and boarding stables. For each horse,
3 00
Car and omnibus stables. For each horse,
2 00
Truck and cart stables. For each horse,
2 00
Provided, that in no case shall any stable be charged less than $5.
The rates for stables include water for washing carriages without hose.
HOSE.
For hose of not over three-eighths inch orifice, used for washing windows, sprinkling streets (and the use of the same shall be limited to one hour per day), not less than
3 00
STEAM BOILERS.
For each boiler in use not over twelve hours a day, for each horse-power, $6 00
BUILDING PURPOSES.
For each cask of lime or cement,
6 cents
HYDRANTS.
Hydrants set by the town at the rate of $28 each, allow- ing one hydrant to each 200 inhabitants.
SECT. 16. When water is required for purposes which are not specified in the foregoing tariff, the rates shall be fixed by the Board of water Commissioners ; and the rates fixed in the foregoing tariff may be varied by the Water Commission- ers whenever in particular cases, in their judgment, the in- terests of the town shall require.
103
AUDITORS' REPORT.
AUDITORS' REPORT.
The undersigned hereby certify that they have audited the books and accounts of B. DELMONT LOCKE, as Treasurer and Collector of the Town of Arlington, for the year 1880; also as Treasurer for the Arlington Water Works for the same year: and find the same correct, with vouchers for all the payments, and the balance of cash to be as stated by him.
ABEL R. PROCTOR, - Auditors. REUBEN W. HOPKINS,
ARLINGTON, Jan. 29, 1881.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE ARLINGTON FIRE DEPARTMENT.
To the Selectmen of the Town of Arlington :
GENTLEMEN, - I herewith submit my Third Annual Re- port of the Fire Department, being for the year 1880.
FIRES AND ALARMS.
The department has been called out six times during the year, as follows :-
May 3d, barn of Mrs. A. G. Peck, Pleasant Street. This was the most serious fire we have had during the year, and the only one that we were obliged to use water on. At this fire the department responded promptly and worked hard; but, owing to the low pressure of water, we were obliged to carry the water to the fire, instead of throwing it on. Loss by this fire $2,500. Insurance $3,000. Cause unknown.
June 17, alarm of fire in High School building. Loss mostly by water from the melted water-pipes. Cause un- known.
September 1, fire in basement of S. Stickney's store. Cause, ignition of oil. Damage slight.
October 12, fire in furniture-store of T. F. O'Brien. Caused by carelessness. Loss $100. Insured $400.
105
REPORT OF CHIEF ENGINEER.
November 18, alarm of fire at S. A. Fowle's drug mills. Cause, bursting of boiler-flue. Damage slight.
MEMBERSHIP.
Same as that of last year, with the exception of the engi- neers, who were reduced from five to three men, in accord- ance with the vote passed at the town-meeting of March last. I find it difficult to keep the company full of good men. I would recommend that the pay of the firemen be raised to the old standard of thirty-five dollars per year, and that three additional men be added to hook-and-ladder truck.
HOSE.
The hose is in the same poor condition as represented last year; and, if something is not done soon to renew or repair the same, I fear for the consequences.
I would recommend the purchase of one thousand feet of hose.
DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS.
The buildings are in much the same condition as at the close of the year 1879. There has been no new outlay on the same the past year, 1880.
The floor in house of Hose 3 is in poor condition, and needs repairs. The building occupied by Hose 2 is in too poor a condition to be repaired, and, in my opinion, is an unfit place in which to put the apparatus.
APPROPRIATIONS.
I would recommend an appropriation of twenty-five hun- dred dollars to meet the expenses of the ensuing year.
I desire to call your attention to our imperfect system of fire-alarm, and think all interested citizens will agree that there should be some change from the present system.
106
REPORT OF CHIEF ENGINEER.
I take this opportunity to thank you for your support, also my assistants and members of the fire-department. I shall ever remember the able manner in which they have per- formed their duty, with, I trust, as much satisfaction to the public, as they have to me.
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES GOTT, Chief Engineer.
REPORT
OF THE
TRUSTEES OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
The expenses of the Library during the past year are fully set forth in the Town Treasurer's report, printed else- where. Other items of interest to its friends and supporters appear in the Librarian's statement appended hereto.
Some important changes in the management of the Library have been rendered necessary by the constantly increasing business. The yearly examination formerly took place during the last two weeks of December, at the height of the season when books were in greatest demand. The inconvenience to the public which this occasioned seemed a matter of small importance when readers were few; but it grew serious after the popularity of the Library had become such, that often more than two hundred volumes a day were given out. The time for calling in the books has been postponed to July, when the interest of readers is at its lowest ebb.
The method of giving out books was also changed during the past year. The old ledger system, which serves well for a small library, is found full of embarrassments in a large one, when two or more persons are employed in delivering and receiving books. We have accordingly dispensed with the ledger, at which only one person could conveniently work at a time, and adopted the most approved modern method of
108
REPORT OF TRUSTEES OF PUBLIC LIBRARY.
paper slips. It has been proved a very great improvement on the old system in many ways.
Book-cases have been added as they have been required by new books, until but little room remains for further additions in our present quarters. This fact must soon become one of pressing importance to the Town. Not only more liberal space for books will soon be required, but at the same time the establishment of a reading-room cannot be too strongly recommended, or too early provided for. The present use- fulness of the Library would be greatly enhanced by such an addition, and it is believed that in no other way could so much be done for the moral and social welfare of the young people of this community.
The Library has for some time been indebted to Mr. C. S. Parker for complete files of "The Arlington Advocate " at the close of each year. These are preserved for future reference.
We are also under obligations to the editor for printing our bi-monthly lists of new books in the columns of "The Advocate." This has been without cost to the Library ; but the lists have become numerous, and confusing even to readers who have preserved them all. A supplementary catalogue, therefore, comprising all the additions to the Library, since the large catalogue of 1876, has become necessary, and will be issued at an early day.
J. T. TROWBRIDGE,
For the Trustees.
LIBRARIAN'S STATEMENT.
Number of volumes in the library, July, 1880 6,838
Number of magazines taken, weekly and monthly . 9
Books added from July, 1880, to January, 1881 199
109
REPORT OF TRUSTEES OF PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Whole number added in 1880.
504
Number given out in 1880
25,640
Largest number delivered in one day
239
Number not returned to the Library, from January, 1879, to July, 1880 10
Whole number of subscribers, January, 1881 . 1,332
Fines paid to the Town Treasurer in 1880 $76
LIZZIE J. NEWTON, Librarian.
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
The School Committee herewith respectfully submit to the Town their Annual Report.
They believe that they have cause for congratulation in the general prosperity of the schools, in the seeming harmony that has prevailed between teachers and scholars, and in the faithful work that has been performed by the teachers during the past year. In a town where the salaries paid in many instances are not an adequate compensation for the ability or experience desired, it is impossible in the selection of so large a corps of teachers to satisfy the exacting demands of some parents who do not understand the variety of character that must be dealt with in each schoolroom. Strict impar- tiality in discipline is expected. To many parents it seems a hardship that their children should be made to conform to the seemingly rigid rules that would not be required in the management of their children at home. We earnestly urge upon the attention of those who are disposed to complain, a careful examination of the schools where their children are placed, and the cultivation of the acquaintance of the teach- ers who have them in charge. We know those teachers would gladly welcome any such examination and the sugges- tions that may be made as to the discipline of such children. It is natural for the child to make complaints at home, which may on investigation prove reasonable or unreasonable ; but it is better that conference between the teacher and parent should precede any harsh criticism upon that teacher's action
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.