USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1885 > Part 9
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Superintendent of Streets, WILLIAM E. FULLER. Hours at City Hall, 11.30 to 12 A. M., 4.30 to 5 P. M.
Superintendent of Water Works, H. N. HYDE, JR. Office at Pipe Yard, Austin Street, Newtonville.
STATISTICS COMPILED BY THE CITY CLERK FROM THE RECORDS OF HIS OFFICE.
MARRIAGES REGISTERED, 1885.
January
18
August
12
February
15
September
17
March
9
October
28
April
12
November
18
May
16
December
11
June
21
July
17
Total
194
Birthplace of the Above Contracting Parties.
GROOM.
BRIDE.
United States
109
107
Ireland
48
49
Canada
30
31
England
4
4
Germany
1
1
Scotland
1
Switzerland
1
-
France
1
At sea
-
1
Totals
194
194
American
109
107
Foreign
85
87
Totals
194
194
-
BIRTHS REGISTERED IN 1885.
AGGREGATE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
2
4
3
4
1
0
00
Co
00
2
1
3
1
18
19
37
January
2
1
7
3
5
2
-
28
February
3
1
3
3
4
3
4
3
1
March
1
3
3
6
3
1
1
2
April
2
3
1
6
6
2
1
3
4
3
3
3
2
3
19
23
38
May .
00
1
2
4
4
3
1
6
1
3
7
2
June .
2
3
4
5
2
3
3
3
2
1
2
6
2
-
17
21
38
July .
4
9
4
2
4
2
1
2
3
4
1
3
2
25
19
44
August
co
2
4
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
14
10
24
September
ci
3
1
24
12
36
October
2
1
2
4
3
1
1
19
17
36
November
.
.
3
4
6
1
2
3
1
1
6
3
1
1
18
15
33
December
.
30
27
53
51
33
26
31
29
23
21
39
30
12
14
221
198
419
Totals
.
·
Aggregate .
.
57
104
59
60
44
69
26
419
5
00
7
TOTAL.
WARDS.
1
2
CO
4
2
2
3
1
4
-
1
17
15
32
2
-
-
18
10
31
4
4
-
3
14
17
42
1
18
20
2
3
2
3
-
2
9
4
2
4
2
1
4
1A2
00
3
3
-
-
178
1
-
-
179
Birthplace of Parents of Above.
FATHERS.
MOTHERS.
United States
222
213
Ireland
115
114
Canada
57
69
England
11
13
Germany
2
Sweden
3
Scotland
2
China
1
-
Prussia
1
Italy
1
East Indies
2
Switzerland
2
Total
419
419
American
222
213
Foreign
197
206
2 222112117 2 2 1
Holland
STATEMENT OF DEATHS BY MONTHS IN EACH WARD.
AGGREGATE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
MALE.
FEMALE.
January
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
-
1
.
4
1
2
2
4
1
1
4
2
3
1
1
1
2
15
14
29
February
2
2
1
4
2
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
9
13
22
March
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
4
12
11
23
April
2
-
-
.
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
5
2
3
3
10
14
24
June .
1
3
1
4
2
4
3
4
1
1
2
1
1
9
19
28
July
1
4
1
1
3
2
3
2
3
3
1
2
14
12
26
August
3
1
1
13
6
19
September
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
6
5
11
November
·
.
2
1
1
2
2
4
2
-
2
1
1
2
3
1
13
11
24
December
.
Totals
22
14
17
23
21
20
24
22
12
21
24
16
18
20
138
136
274
Aggregate . .
.
36
40
41
46
33
40
38
274
1
3
1
2
2
15
9
24
26
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
2
17
9
.
·
3
1
.
-
1
1
5
13
18
October
.
.
1
1
2
4
-
2
-
2
3
2
1
4
5
6
7
TOTAL.
WARDS.
1
2
3
2
May .
-
·
-
.
.
180
181
Birthplace of Parents of Above Deceased Persons.
FATHERS.
MOTHERS.
United States
130
132
Canada
29
20
France
3
3
Scotland
1
2
Channel Islands
1
1
Italy
1
1
Sweden
1
1
Denmark
1
Unknown
13
19
Totals
274
274
American
130
132
Foreign
131
123
Unknown .
13
19
Totals
274
274
Ireland
88
87
England
6
8
182
DEATHS REGISTERED IN 1885. Statement Showing Causes of Death in Each Month.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
Abcess
Abdomen, disease of
Accident, railroad
-
-
3
Albuminuria
Alcoholism
Anaenia pernicious
Aneurism of ab. aorta
-
Apoplexy
1
1
-
1
-
1
Asphyxia
Atelectasis
Bowels, cancer of
Bowels. inflammation of
1
Brain, concussion of
Brain. paralysis of -
1
1
Brain, softening of -
Breast, cancer of
1
1
1
1
4
Bright's disease
1
1
1
1
--
1
2
6 3
Cervical glands, cancer of
1
1
1
1 00 1
1
1 1
Consumption
5
37
Convulsions
3
1
4
Croup, memb.
Debility .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Drowning
Dysentery
2
Eclampsia
1
Empyema of left thoraic cavity
1
1
1
1
1
1
Entero colitis -
1
Fever, remittent
1
1
1
1
Fever, scarlet
Fever, typhoid
1
1
1
General exhaustion
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
Heart, paralysis of
Hematemesis
1
-
1 1
1 1
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1 1 7
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
6
Bronchitis
1
1
Carcinoma
Cholera infantum Colic
1
1
-
9
Congestion, pulmonary
1
4
Dentition
1
3
1
4
Diabetes -
1
Diarrhea, chronic
1
1
1
1 1
3
Fever, typho-malarial -
1
1
1
-
7 1 1 1
Heart disease
1
1
1
1
1
3
-
1 2
Diphtheria
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Aortic insufficiency
-
1 1
1
2
Gastritis
183
DEATHS REGISTERED IN 1885. Statement Showing Causes of Death in Each Month (Concluded).
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
Hemiphlegia
1
-
-
1
Hepatitis
1
Hydrocephalus
3
Intestinal obstruction
1
1
N
Liver, abcess of
Liver, atrophy of
1
1
1 1
Liver, cancer of -
Lung disease
1
1
Marasmus
Measles
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
Metritis
Necrencephalus
Nephritis
Old age
2
1
1
2
·2
1
4
1
1
Paralysis
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
Pneumonia -
2
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
Rectum, cancer of -
1
1
1
Rheumatic arthritis
1
Rheumatism
Sarcoma cutes
1
Selerosis of spinal cord 1
-
1
1
Spasm, infantile
1
1
1
1
1
5
18
Stomach, inflammation of
1
Stomach, scirrilus of Suffocation
Throat, cancer of
Tuberculosis, acute
1
1
4
Tumor
1
Unknown
1
1
Uraemia
1
1
Uterine hemorrhage
1
1
Uterus, cancer of
1
Worms
1
1
Total d'ths in e'ch month 24
29 22
23
26
24
28
26
19
18
11
24 274
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2 19
Peritonitis
1
Pistol shot
1
1
1
1
21 ·2
Purpura hemorrhage
Shock due to miscarriage
1
1
Spina bifida
Spine, concussion of
1
1
1
Stillborn
1
2
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
·2 5
Meningitis
1
1
1
1
Kidneys, hemorrhage of
]
1
1
1
-
1
4
Pneumonia, typhoid
2
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
Organic cardiac dis.
-
1
Hernia, strangulated
1
1
1
3
-
184
FEES. Collected
Assignment of wages .
$19 50
Assignment of wages, discharged
75
Assignment of account
1 25
Bills of sale
4 95
Foreclosure of pledge
25
Licenses, auctioneer
18 00
Licesnes, innholder ·
1 00
Licenses, intelligence office
2 00
Licenses, junk
18 00
Licenses, marriage
97 50
Mortgages
99 95
Mortgages, assignment of 2 00
Mortgages, discharged
10 00
Naturalization certificate
1 50
Woman certificate of business on
own account
50
Total
$277 15
Dogs Licensed.
928 males at $2 . .
1,856 00
99 females at $5 . 495 00
$2,351 00
Total collections
$2,628 15
By amount, sundry fees paid monthly to city treasurer 277 15
Dec. 4, Retained from amount re- ceived from dog licenses, and paid to city treasurer, 1,027 licenses, at 20c. 205 40
Dec. 1, Paid county treasurer balance for dogs' licenses 2,145 60
$2,628 15
185
Dogs are distributed in the various Wards as follows :-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
To'ls.
Males. Females.
110
159
162 16
124
113 14
175 20
85 11
928 99
125
176
178
130
127
195
96
1,027
Registered Voters. (From List used at City Election, Dec. 2)
Wards, 1
2
3 507
4 444
436
466
381
Total, 3176.
Enrolled Militia.
Wards, 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total.
394
509
319
262
495
623
390
2992
1884, 344
479
301
310
479
565
267
2745
Gain, 1885 .
247
5
6
7
391
551
15
17
6
All the wards show a gain except Ward 4, where there is a loss of 48.
CITY OF NEWTON.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
OVERSEERS OF THE POOR,
TOGETHER WITH
The Report of the Agent of the Board of Health,
For the Year Ending December 31, 1885.
W'
LIBERTY AND UNION
FOUNDED
8.A CITY 1873
NEWTON. PRESS OF THE NEWTON JOURNAL. 1886.
At the regular meeting of the Board of Overseers of the Poor held this day, the Annual Report for 1885, as prepared by the Clerk, was adopted by the Board; and he was instructed to present the same to the City Council.
NATHAN MOSMAN, CLERK.
WEST NEWTON, February 4, 1886.
BOARD OF OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.
1885.
HIS HON. J. WESLEY KIMBALL, Chairman, ex officio.
Ward One. DEXTER WHIPPLE. Ward Three. GEORGE H. INGRAHAM. Ward Five. HOSEA C. HOYT.
Ward Two. EDWARD S. COLTON. Ward Four. NATHAN MOSMAN. Ward Six. GEORGE WARREN.
Ward Seven. TOHN WARNER.
Committee on Almshouse.
JOHN WARNER. HOSEA C. HOYT. NATHAN MOSMAN.
City Almoner and Clerk of the Board. NATHAN MOSMAN. Warden of Almshouse. NATHANIEL D. MOODY.
Matron of Almshouse. MRS. ELIZA A. MOODY. City Almshouse, Beacon Street.
REPORT OF THE OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.
To the City Council of the City of Newton :-
Gentlemen,-The Board of Overseers of the Poor of the City of Newton herewith respectfully presents its annual report for the year ending Dec. 31, 1885.
No essential change has been made in the system of public aid during the year, the usual policy having been pursued with both the almshouse department and the out- side poor.
The number of those receiving aid out of almshouse and the amount of expense incurred, have both increased, though not in excess of what might have been anticipated, consider- ing the growth of the City and the unequal circumstances of different years.
The membership of the Board has remained the same as last year with the exception of the changes in Wards 2 and 3.
At the twelve meetings of the Board during the year, in which business has been transacted there has been an average attendance of six and one-fourth in a membership of seven.
His Honor the Mayor has favored the Board with his presence and has presided at each meeting of the Board during the year.
Medical attendance in the several widely separated villages has from motives of convenience and economy been continued as in the past, by employing resident physicians in the several localities.
6
Outside aid, where the ultimate interests of families seemed to be most promoted by this method, has continued a large element in the operations of the Board. This aid at times reaches such proportions as to raise the question whether the true limit is being exceeded in this direction.
There has been a greater number than usual of families in which the father after an expensive sickness has been removed by death leaving a mother with several children to be in large measure supported by public and continuous aid.
The number in Insane Hospitals has again increased to more nearly an annual average.
The amount expended for the Insane in 1884 was $1,662 50. In 1885 it has been $2,050 39.
The expenses for the Poor out of almshouse have exceeded the appropriation by $500 15.
The receipts from the State, other cities and towns and friends of the relieved have been larger than usual, being $644 88 in excess of 1884, which although not relieving the appropriation has reduced the net cost of the department.
During the year several cases of sickness or accident have been sent to Boston Hospitals thereby incurring consid- erable extra expense.
Although a great convenience to be able to reach good Hospital treatment in Boston, the distance is such that it will be considered a gain, though the expense be equal, if these necessities can be met in the Newton Cottage Hospital which approaches completion.
It is to be borne in mind that the requirements of the statutes and of humanity are inexorable and must be met by the Board though as a result the appropriation be exceeded. In the annual report of a neighboring city of high reputation in the care of the Poor is found the following : "How to deal
7
humanely and wisely with the poor is a problem that has not yet been satisfactorily solved. The officers who were selected as the almoners of the City's bounty are being constantly 'between two fires.' One person with large sympathy and a knowledge of but one side of the case complains of the exec- utive officer, charging him that he fails to perform his whole duty, while another with an eye to the tax levy and perhaps with no definite ideas upon the policy to be pursued. charges him with an excess of liberality and that the city funds are disbursed too generously or to unworthy persons; but if our citizens generally would make personal investigation of reported cases, or have an interview with some one of the Overseers of the Poor, they might obtain a much more cor- rect idea of what ought to be done or what had been done."
The whole number of families receiving partial support out of the almshouse during any part of the year was 142. The whole number of persons 421. Of these there were males, 172; females, 249. Under 16 years of age, 211. Having settlement in Newton, 288 Having settlement in other cities and towns, 58. Having no settlement, 75.
Persons wholly supported out of almshouse during any part of the year are as follows:
Northampton Lunatic Hospital 1
Asylum for chronic Insane, Worcester
2
Worcester Lunatic Hospital 10
Danvers Lunatic Hospital .
2
Remaining at present in Insane Hospital
11
The amount appropriated by the City Council for Poor out of almshouse was . $8,000 00
The amount expended for the same was as follows:
Cash payments $328 30
Groceries 2,105 55
Fuel 1,077 08 .
8
Clothing
28 04
Board
422 31
Medical attendance
297 95
Medicine
122 64
Burials
128 00
Feeding tramps and travellers
29 86
Support of Insane
2,050 39
Paid other cities and towns
602 07
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
258 00
Salary of clerk and almoner
700 00
Salary of overseers
350 00
Total expenditures . 8,500 15
Receipts from the state, other cities and towns
and friends of the relieved 1,660 62
Net cost of poor out of almshouse $6,839 53
ALMSHOUSE DEPARTMENT.
The number of persons who have been supported at the almshouse for all or part of the year has been 45. Present number 30. Average number for the year 30. Died during the year 4.
A majority of the inmates are aged, few being able to render any efficient aid either in doors or on the farm. An average degree of health has prevailed with the exception of some special cases requiring unusual medical attendance and also care on the part of the matron.
The house is considered as perfect in comfort and con- venience for the purpose designed as could be provided. Its capacity is fully equal to the demands thus far made upon it. There remains a want unsupplied in that there is no separate ward for contagious diseases, or such other cases as with the utmost care will contaminate the atmosphere of the whole house. The evils of these conditions must be apparent to all.
9
To meet this want a small building connected by a pas- sage way with the main house is needed. It may not be con- sidered wise to make this addition to the buildings in their present location, as the probabilities of a change in the future may not warrant such outlay.
The crops gathered have been of average quality while the productive capacity of the farm is reduced by the land grant to the Circuit Road.
The purchase of standing wood to be prepared in winter for sale, is an important item in the management of this de- partment, though apparently counting against it. The purchasing expense being from almshouse appropriation while the receipts of sales are turned into the city treasury.
These purchases are made as opportunity presents to do so profitably. The wood after being sawed and split is sup- plied to the poor on orders from the overseers, sold to the various departments of the city and to outside persons who may order.
The grading and completion of approaches to the bridge, in the rear of the farm buildings, across the Circuit Railroad, has caused some additional expense to the depart- ment.
It is understood that during the summer of 1886 the Newton Circuit Railroad will have completed the station houses at Beacon street and other stations on the line of the road with regular trains established. The fact is apparent that with these facilities for travel and the decided attract- ions of this locality, the lands in this vicinity will be in demand for other purposes than farming and too valuable to keep for almshouse uses.
In view of these facts, although the locality and conven- iences of the establishment are so nearly all that are or would be wanted for many years, so far as the department is con-
10
cerned, the Board consider it desirable that any opportunity that may offer for the purchase of a new and suitable location should be considered, that a change may be made in the most desirable and advantageous time.
The management of the almshouse and farm has been continued by the Warden and matron, with their usual interest and success and to the satisfaction of the Board.
The proper care and control of such a number of per- sons,many of whom by reason of infirmity, habit or disposition require patience as well as firmness, is a task which requires constant effort to secure satisfactory results to all concerned.
Whole amount appropriated by the City Council for almshouse expense and repairs including $500.00 for bridge, over the B. and A. R. R. $4,250 00 Whole amount expended . 4,544 41
Amount received from sale of produce, wood, .
board, etc. 1,804 35
Almshouse expense and repairs net 2,740 06
For the Overseers of the Poor,
NATHAN MOSMAN, Clerk.
Report of the Agent of the Board of Health,
BOARD OF HEALTH.
OF THE
CITY OF NEWTON.
1886.
THE MAYOR, ex officio. ALDERMAN B. S. GRANT.
COUNCILMAN FRANK EDMANDS. JESSIE F. FRISBIE, M. D. J. FRANKLIN FULLER. OTIS PETTEE. Agent of Board. NATHAN MOSMAN.
Clerk. ISAAC F. KINGSBURY.
Agent for Inspection of Plumbing. ALBERT F. NOYES. Meetings: First and Third Tuesdays in each month, 4.20 P. M.
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
CITY HALL, West Newton, February 15, 1886.
TO THE CITY COUNCIL :-
The somewhat reduced number of nuisances and sources of disease to be reported would seem to indicate that prog- ress was being made in correcting these matters and raising the general health conditions of the city.
In all cases reported to the Board for investigation and action, the usual attention has been given to correct danger- ous conditions.
Such action has almost universally been met by a spirit of hearty co-operation by all citizens interested, and every needed effort made to meet the requirements of the Board.
These necessary requirements are often attended with inconvenience, and, in some cases, with considerable expense on the part of those owning or managing premises involved.
A systematic inspection of the city would doubtless at any time reveal a large number of premises of imperfect and unsafe character, requiring corrective treatment.
The rural character of the city, with its roomy estates, even among its more cheaply constructed tenement proper-
16
ties, becomes a saving element in these carelessly built and kept places.
In the report of diseases dangerous to public health, both in 1884 and 1885, it will be noticed that scarlet fever has prevailed apparently in wild epidemic form, but it will be also noticed that diphtheria during this same period has appeared only in a light degree.
The threatened invasion of cholera from Europe has not been an unmitigated evil, as it has given a decided impulse to the cleansing of premises about dwellings and destroying propagating beds of the disease. This has been especially true in seaport cities, and also, though in less degree, in inland places.
During the epidemic of small-pox in Canada the past season, all neighboring States and cities were using all avail- able precautions to prevent the introduction of disease into exposed localities.
The village and mills at Nonantum became especially exposed from the fact that the mills were operated to so great an extent by persons coming from Canada, and the destination of nearly every person coming from Canada to Newton was this locality.
The usual provision for vaccination by the Board of Health, and previously used to a limited degree, was in this case extended to these mills and the school of this village.
The day following the commencement of this work a case of small-pox was reported as in a house on Chapel Street, and created no small excitement. An investigation of the premises showed it to have been a case of mistaken identity. Although a visitation of this disease was confi- dently predicted and expected, the year closed without any case appearing within the limits of Newton.
17
The appointment by the Board of additional physicians for free vaccination for those not able to pay is a convenience and safeguard. The list as now constituted is as follows : James Utley, J. F. Frisbie, W. O. Hunt, F. E. Crockett, H. P. Bellows, D. E. Baker, W. H. Hildreth, J. R. Deane, S. A. Sylvester.
Typhoid fevers have at times shown an inclination to linger in the village of Thompsonville. The locality in gen- eral conditions seeming healthy, the water supply became an object of suspicion as being the cause of the sickness.
The wells in this vicinity are sunk in the soil, which fills the basins and hollows in the natural rock formation, being carried down to and sometimes into the rock.
Having no living springs or subterranean water courses, these wells may, as a natural and expected result, during the lowering and rising again of the ground water in the sum- mer and autumn, become unsafe for domestic uses.
The analysis of the water from two of these wells proved the suspicions of the Board to be correct and the waters.unfit for use.
The investigations of the Board and successful efforts to have the city water carried to this locality must prove of the greatest benefit to the present and future population of this part of the city.
Numbers of old wells are still in use in the city for domestic water supply. Many of these furnish safe water, while others are a constant menace to the health of families dependent on them, and must continue so until superseded by city water.
Could the actual facts of loss of health from this cause be made public, it would be a convincing argument against many wells now held as treasures.
18
The swine nuisance is a cause of constant complaint to the Board from citizens, and with apparent reason.
It is difficult to convince those of pure tastes that it is not as great a breach of their right and privilege to contam- inate the air they breathe as the water they drink.
While in many cities the swine question is controlled by license, in Newton it is without control, and each citizen makes his neighbor breathe polluted air at will.
The cow stable nuisance, in a few instances, still contin- ues an injury to the interests and comfort of citizens, and a reasonable cause of complaint.
The collection of House offal under the continued con- tract has proved generally satisfactory. In some cases of apparent neglect it might have been more satisfactory by an early report by postal card to the Board.
The new contract for cleansing vaults and cess pools has shown good results.
The hot months of summer are unfavorable for this work, and in some cities the price is placed lower for the five cool months of the year, and higher for the seven warm months, that orders may be given in the most favorable season for the work.
There has been an apparent improvement in the condi- tion of the street catch basins during the year.
In the collection of ashes, and with them filling low lands and stagnant pools, the city is making good progress in a most important work.
The pollution of Charles River and smaller water courses within the city has caused complaint and has received the attention of the Board. Progress is made each year in enforcing the rules of the Board in this respect.
A soap factory of long standing in Ward 1, in a loca- tion which had become central by a dense population settling
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about it, has been voluntarily removed by the proprietor to a proper and desirable location in the suburbs, where, with improved apparatus, the business can be carried on without detriment to surrounding property or neighbors.
If this voluntary movement would be adopted by citi- zens-if establishing in the roomy suburbs of the city instead of in close neighborhoods such business as might cause dis- comfort or become a nuisance-it would greatly assist in accomplishing the work expected and required by the Board.
The smoke from a wood-working and planing mill in Ward 3 has caused inconvenience in the neighborhood as the business has increased and been the occasion of complaint to the Board. The proprietor hopes to remedy the difficulty by doubling the capacity of the boiler and fire-box.
Reported Cases of Disease Dangerous to Public Health.
DISEASES REPORTED.
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Total.
Fatal.
Typhoid fever.
4
3
3
1
1
6
1
19
2
Diphtheria .
14
13
13
18
10
11
7
2
5
6
3
102
3
Scarlet fever.
1
2
1
4
3
10
1
2
4
28
7
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Summary of nuisances and sources of disease where ac- tion has been taken :-
Stagnant water, 9; foul cellars, 10; defective drains, 30 ; new drains built, 7; cess-pools near wells, 6; cess-pools overflowing to street gutters or brooks, 13; vaults and cess- pools ordered cleansed, 62; vaults and cess-pools built, 23 ; vaults and cess-pools repaired, 8; vaults removed, 5; sew- age on surface of land, 11; filthy yards, 22; manure re- moved, 8; pig pens, 8; soap factory removed, 1; sewage in cellar, 8; number of traps at sinks, 25; wells closed, 2;
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wells closed by the owners, 2; wells analyzed, 2; hens in cellar, 4; fish market filthy, 2 ; vaults and cess-pools cleansed by the contractor, 536.
The organization of an independent Board of Health, with regular meetings for the consideration of health mat- ters, has proved a great advance in this department of city work.
The visits to the various sections of the city and obser- vations made have secured a knowledge of the facts and needs of the different localities which has enabled the Board to treat the various interests and complaints presented in an intelligent and satisfactory manner.
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