USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1889 > Part 12
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Night-Soil.
The removal of night-soil has been by contract with Wm. H. Mague, the same having been made in 1888, and as far as we know, has been attended to faithfully, the system employed being that known as the odorless. But few complaints have been received from our citizens and the greater part of them have been shown upon investigation to be owing to no fault of the contractor. Several complaints have been made months after the work was performed and no investigation of the true facts could be made. The majority of the complaints seem to be on account of the cost, claiming that the cesspool does not hold as many loads as has been billed to them. Invariably, on receipt of such a complaint, the next work has been done in the presence of our Agent, especial care being taken to see that the teams were properly emptied and filled, and as yet, in no in- stance has the contractor's count or loading been found at fault, on the contrary, it has always been in favor of the citizen. It has often been the case that parties would measure
32
the cesspool and upon comparing the cubic capacity with the number and capacity of the loads would say immediately that a mistake had been made. They forget that the use of the cesspool has filled the ground for a large distance around it and that when it is emptied a considerable portion of this leaching will run back into the cesspool and be removed at the same time. In such cases, if parties would superintend the pump- ing once, they would then have some definite basis upon which to work. Of course no one is infallible and 'errors may creep in, but when such has been shown to be the case, the con- tractor has always shown a willingness to make all reparation possible.
Parties who have sufficient land for that purpose have only in a few instances been denied the right to empty their vaults or cesspools under the restrictions [imposed by the Board. Generally these restrictions are cheerfully obeyed but in some cases considerable fault has been found because of them. In a few districts, however, the Board have taken action and hereafter no private permits will be given. When the pollution of the soil with disease germs is considered in its relation to health, it may well be questioned if all permits ought not to be refused.
Nuisances.
The complaints received relative to alleged nuisances have been somewhat in 'excess of the usual number and have in many cases been caused by the large amount of ground water, and have been abated as the ground water was lowered.
Singular as it may seem, some of the complaints made to this Board have been prompted by ill-feeling between neigh- bors. While the Board are often justified and even ought to take action, in order to induce people to do what is right for the public welfare, yet the nuisance may have existed for years
33
and would perhaps have continued to for years to come, unless accidentally visited by this Board, had it not been for trouble arising between the parties directly interested. Frequently in such cases as these, the work done by this Board has allayed the ill-feeling, and the parties have become reconciled once more.
A great many places have been examined and nuisances abated without our receiving any complaint, and then it is sometimes difficult to make the derelict individual believe that it is done without instigation or animus on the part of anyone.
This work has required 1563 visits from the Agent and 259 letters, which together with the inspections of plumbing make a total of 3254 visits, 336 letters and 36 Board meetings attended.
Plumbing.
No change has been made in the rules governing plumbing during the year. The inspection has been followed up as well as the time which the Agent has been obliged to devote to other work, would allow. The rules have been adhered to by all of the plumbers except one, unless in one or two minor points, which were corrected upon their attention being called to them. The one exception we are glad to say was not one of our own plumbers, but one who claimed to be located in Boston. In this case the joints were filled with cold lead and putty and sometimes on the under side with nothing but oakum; the vents were placed a long distance away from the traps and the work was of the most inferior style. Upon being notified of his violation of the rules, the blame was put upon the journey- man sent out to do the work, and a promise made to rectify all errors. Since that time we understand the plumber has not been near the work. No one in the business, that we can find, ever heard of him, and the owner states that he has been unable to locate him since receiving notice that the work was not all right. In consequence of this, the owner finally engaged
34
a Newton plumber to finish the job, and the work was made as near right as possible. During the year the Agent has made 1691 visits and has written 77 letters, besides attending to the usual verbal requests, decisions and mailing of blanks and rules.
As intimated in the last report the call for inspection of old plumbing has increased. Many houses have received in- spections on account of sickness arising therein, and many others because their occupants were afraid that something might not be in good condition. As usual the most common faults have been pan closets, holding as they surely will, after any considerable use, a deposit of fœcal and other matter which will surely and slowly send out the poison that enervates and reduces the system and brings it into the right condition for propagating the seeds of any disease brought into contact with it ; lead trays, saturated with urine, emitting at all times a nasty and unwholesome smell; S or 1-2 S traps which are liable to be siphoned out at any time; and fixtures without any trap at all. As fast as possible the Board are endeavoring to induce owners to take out all the old style of plumbing in vogue during the popularity of the pan closet and having it replaced with the latest improvements of sanitary science.
Sewerage.
The question of sewerage is becoming more vitally impor- tant year by year. There are sections in the centres of each village where the land has become so valuable that the owners can no longer afford to hold it and in consequence the lots are rapidly becoming smaller in area and new buildings are being rapidly erected upon them. The dwelling is beginning to give way to the block and increased demands are constantly being made upon the soil for the reception of house drainage which may or may not be rendered harmless through natural agencies,
35
Wards One and Seven especially cry for immediate relief and the pollution of the soil has now become a very serious question. Under our present cesspool system there is no telling how far the leaching from them has reached nor to what extent the ground may have become impregnated with the germs of disease. Much of the soil of Newton is of no use whatever in purifying sewage matter, especially on the hills, as the clay sub- soil, which holds water like a sponge, and refuses to aid in clarifying, is reached at a depth of from two to five feet. In other places, where sand is found, it is of the "quick" character and hardens up immediately when the water touches it, thus making the cesspool constructed in it almost tight and of no use whatever in absorbing the leachings from the same. While the cesspool may work all right under ordinary conditions, yet when there comes an unusually heavy rain-fall as during the last two years, trouble is sure to arise. Old cesspools refuse to act and have to be frequently pumped out, and in many cases the sewage even bursts forth upon the surface. For these reasons as well as others our citizens have freely called upon the department to aid in devising ways to give them relief. When therefore, it has become necessary to abandon the old cesspool and put in the new, or when encroachments are made upon the territory which has been pre-empted by the cesspool, the inevitable upturning and utilizing of this polluted soil must in itself become dangerous to public health and until all such soil has been thoroughly exposed to oxygenizing influences and completely renovated and purified, no one can say that there is absolute safety.
But while we can condemn the open leaching cesspool on principle we are compelled to continue its use for a few years longer, until we can construct a system of sewerage. Until now the trouble has been to decide upon what to do with sewage after getting it into the sewers. The legislature had
36
given to Newton the privilege of discharging into the Charles River near the Boston line, provided that no nuisance be made. But as this was impossible from the shallowness of the river and the flow of the tides it would have been just as well for us never to have had the privilege.
Fortunately, however, this question of the final disposal of our sewage has at last been settled and in a way that will un- doubtedly prove satisfactory. At the last session of the legislature the report of the State Board of Health was adopted recommending the construction of a Metropolitan sewer to con- nect with the Boston system. This contemplates the building of a main sewer through Brighton and along the valley of the Charles River to Waltham receiving the sewage of Brighton. Newton, Watertown and Waltham, and carrying it into the present Boston system, whose outlet is at Moon Island. Under this act the commissioners have been appointed and they are now busily engaged in getting out the detailed plans and settling all the preliminary work. During the coming year the work will undoubtedly be commenced and be pushed forward as rapidly as possible to completion.
It now remains for Newton to design and perfect her plans for the local sewers as soon as the grades and points at which the laterals can enter, have been decided upon. The more rapidly this work is pushed and the work of construc- tion completed, the sooner will Newton be enabled to reap the benefits accruing from a system of sewerage, and many who would like to locate here but have been deterred from doing so on account of the lack of sewerage, will no longer hesitate to become residents of our beautiful city.
Winthrop Avenue.
For several years this locality has been an eyesore to every one passing by and a menace to the health of those residing in the vicinity. Several attempts had been made to induce the
37
owners to abate the nuisance, but without avail, the principal objection being the expense and the uncertainty of success in the methods proposed. In 1888, Mr. Eddy, one of the owners, experimented with a drain which proved successful for a few months and then the nuisance became as bad as before. In 1889, Mr. Eddy, feeling that the cesspool on his place was not causing all the mischief asked the Board to co-operate in behalf of the city with himself and other citizens in a scheme for the abatement of the nuisance, which request was acceded to by the Board, May 28th. During the summer and early fall, the scheme was carried out by Mr. Eddy and though the Board have not as yet accepted the work, the drainage appears to be satisfactory and the nuisance abated.
Members.
With the retirement of Mayor Kimball from official position, the Board lost the services of the one who had been the most instrumental in its formation. He had given a great deal of his time and much earnest thought to the advancement of the sanitary interests of the city and no one could have shown more zeal in this direction. He had always endeavored to be a leader and to keep in advance of the needs of the city. The Board regretted exceedingly the severing of the many pleasant ties which had existed between them and trust that remem- brance of his efficient work on this Board will be among the pleasant memories of his life.
While losing one valued member, the Board were exceed- ingly fortunate in having one who was thoroughly acquainted with the work to succeed him. Mayor Burr had already been on the Board for two years as the member from the Common Council and in him was found a worthy successor to his pre- decessor.
*
38
The other changes in the Board were in the Aldermanic representation and resulted from the fact that they could not give the necessary time.
Acknowledgments.
It is one of the most agreeable duties devolving upon the Board to acknowledge at this time the many courteous acts extended to them by His Honor the Mayor, the members of the City Government, the heads of the different departments, the members of the police force for their kind co-operation in times of distress and danger, our sister Boards of Health, Arthur Hudson, Esq., and many others, for which the Board feel greatly indebted.
Respectfully submitted, For the Board of Health, WM. S. FRENCH, Clerk.
*
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS AND OTHER STATISTICS.
Population estimated
21,553
Death rate per 1000 in 1889
14.99
Area of city in acres
11,600
" parks " ".
40
Gas, miles of mains laid
50
" capacity of holders in cubic feet
370,000
Lights, number of electric
arc incandescent 176
76 }
252
66 "
gas
758
66 66 oil
226
Number of churches
66
" dwellings
4,000
66
" volumes in public libraries
36,171
66
" public schools
21
66
" pupils attending
3,570
66 " teachers
106
66
" private schools
14
Railways, miles of steam
125
66 " street
2
Streets, average width of main
. 50 to 70 ft.
miles of accepted
110
" unaccepted .
30
66 " graveled
90
66 " macadamized
50
66
" concrete sidewalks
47
" graveled 66
60
Telephones, number of, in use by citizens
344
؛؛ " controlled by city 26
33
40
Water, capacity of reservoir in gallons . 15,000,000 daily average consumption in gallons 853,435
" pumping capacity of engines in gallons 6,000,000 number of fire hydrants . 606
66 " services in use 4,203
" miles of main laid .
90.2
-
TABLE I. Statement of Deaths by Months in Each Ward.
WARDS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TOTAL.
AGGREGATE.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female
Male.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
January
.
.
3
1
2
4
2
2
1
3
2
3
11
14
25
February .
6
2
3
1
3
2
4
4
5
3
2
1
2
20
18
38
March
2
2
1
1
4
3
1
2
1
2
1
3
10
13
23
April .
3
3
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
10
9
19
June .
4
5
8
2
2
4
1
1
2
2
3
19
15
34
July .
6
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
5
2
14
14
28
August
5
3
6
3
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
20
10
30
September
3
1
1
3
4
1
2
1
5
2
12
11
23
October
1
1
4
7
1
3
1
2
2
1
3
11
15
26
November
.
1
5
2
3
2
6
2
1
1
2
2
10
19
29
Totals
37
36
31
28
15
31
26
15
17
22
27
18
5
15
158
165
323
Aggregate
.
73
59
46
41
39
45
20
323
1
1
2
11
10
21
May .
5
1
-
-
-
--
2
10
17
27
4
1
5
1
1
4
3
1
2
1
December
.
-
.
1
.
3
1
3
1
Female.
41
42
TABLE II. Comparative View of the Causes of Death during the Year 1889.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Diphtheria
29
Croup, Membranous
8
Croup, Diphtheritic
1-38
Consumption
32
Heart Diseases
30
Diphtheria .
29
Pneumonia .
15
Nephritis (Bright's Disease),14
Old Age
14
Typhoid Fever
. 13
Cancers
. 10
Cholera Infantum
9
Apoplexy
8
Croup, Membranous
8
Premature Birth
8
Brain Diseases
7
Debility, General
6
Paralysis
6
Convulsions
5
Marasmus
5
Meningitis
5
Anæmia
4
Enteritis .
4
Liver Diseases
4
Suicide
4
Cystitis
3
Scrofula
Two diseases
each 2
Ten diseases
6.
2
Seven diseases
1
Thirty-two diseases
1
Deaths from Zymotic Diseases.
Deaths from Other Diseases.
43
TABLE III.
Causes of Death in each Month as Registered by the City Clerk, Arranged Alphabetically in Classes.
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
I. ZYMOTIC.
Alcoholism
Cholera Infantum
..
. .
. .
:
1
. . : 1:
.. : : :
: : :
9
Croup
1
..
. .
. .
1
Croup, Membranous
1
. .
..
. .
1
1
1
2
1
8
Diarrhea .
0. 9
4
2
3
2
3
..
..
. .
. .
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
13
Purpura Hemorrhagica
1
Pyæmia
1
Whooping Cough
..
..
. .
:
..
1
:
1
II. CONSTITUTIONAL.
Anæmia
Cancer of Breast
..
1
1
Cancer of Intestines
·
. .
..
1
. .
.
. .
. .
..
..
..
1
2
3
2
6
32
Dropsy
1
. .
. .
..
..
..
. .
. .
..
1
1
1
5
Tabes Mesenterica
. .
. .
.
.
. .
.
:
. .
1
III. LOCAL.
Nervous.
Apoplexy .
1
4
8
Brain, Disease of
..
1
1
Brain, Hemorrhage of
1
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
1
5
Paralysis
2
. .
. .
1
. .
.
.
:
1
Circulatory.
Endocarditis
Gangrene of Leg
1
:
. .
Heart, Disease of .
3
1
1
4
1
Heart, Dropsy of
1
1
. .
Heart, Hypertrophy of
2
. .
..
. .
Heart, Paralysis of
2
1
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
Pericarditis .
..
. .
..
..
. .
1
1
..
. .
..
. .
. .
:
2
1
: :
1
Cancer of Liver
1
.
. .
. .
..
·
1
1
1
Cancer, (not stated)
Consumption
1
2
6
1
5
2
1
3
Leucocytlæmia
Marasmus
2
Scrofula
. .
1
..
2
: : :
1
1
..
1. 1
. .
..
: -:
11
3
Brain Fever .
1
1
1
Brain, Tumor of
Convulsions
1
1
1
3
..
1
:
:
1
Tetanus
..
:
..
:
Hi Hi :
17
Heart Failure
1
.
1
:
3
Heart, Rupture of
1
1
Diphtheria
3
3
29
Fever, Scarlet
1
1
1. 1
. .
. .
.
..
..
. .
. .
1
. .
..
1
2
Cancer of Stomach
1
2
Cancer of Uterus
3
1
2
1
. .
3
Tuberculosis
Sunstroke
1
. .
1
. .
1
5
Meningitis
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
. .
..
1
1
5
3
Septicemia
1
. .
1
. .
2
..
2
Croup, Diphtheritic .
..
..
1
Fever, Typhoid
2
. . 1 .. : ::
2
1
..
1
Brain, Softening of
1
2
..
..
1
1
..
44
Table III-Continued.
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
Respiratory.
Apnœa .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
.
.
..
Bronchitis
1
..
Empyema
1. 1
..
. .
..
..
.
..
..
. .
..
..
1
(Edema of Glottis
..
..
. .
. .
.
.
1
2
Pneumonia .
1
3
1
2
. .
..
1
1
1
2
3
15
Digestive.
Ascites
Bowels, Inflammation of .
1
.
. .
. .
. .
Enteritis .
1
1
2
. .
. .
..
..
..
. .
..
1
..
. .
..
. .
..
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
1
Mal-assimilation
Peritonitis
1
:
1
1
. .
. .
. .
Miscellaneous.
Cystitis
Diabetes
..
. .
. .
..
..
..
1
1
Hip Disease
. .
. .
. .
..
..
. .
1
1
Nephritis (Briglit's Disease)
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
14
Prostrate, Abscess of
1
.
. .
. .
..
. .
..
1
1
IV. DEVELOPMENTAL.
Childbirthı
Cyanosis
Debility, General
. .
1
1
1
..
..
.. :
.
..
. .
1
Eclampsia, Puerperal
..
1
..
. .
..
. .
..
..
..
1
Inanition .
1
2
1
.
. .
3
1 1
2 2
1
3
. .
14
Premature Birth
1
1
. .
. .
.
. .
1
8
V. VIOLENT.
Accident, Fall .
1
..
..
. .
. .
. .
..
..
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
Asphyxia .
Brain, Concussion of
..
. .
..
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
1
2
Snicide, Pistol Shot
1
1
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
..
1
3
Suicide, Poison
1
Tranmatic Injury
.
..
. .
. .
-. 1
.
1
. .
. .
..
..
. .
. .
1
.
:
1
1
Hemorrhage, Internal
..
. .
..
1
1
Hepatitis
Indigestion
Liver, Abscess of
1
Liver, Cirrhosis of
1
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
1
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
Stomatitis
.
. .
1
. .
. .
1
.
1 1:1 1
1
Kidneys, Abscess of
..
1
. .
. .
. .
1
Liver, Enlargement of
..
..
1
. .
1
1
1
1
Liver, Congestion of
. .
1
Fever, Gastric
1
..
Gastritis
2
1
..
.
1
..
. .
..
..
:
..
..
1
2
2
..
. .
6
Eclampsia
Exhaustion
..
..
. .
..
.
..
1
. .
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
..
. .
..
1
Drowning
2
Poison .
. .
..
1
..
. .
..
.
2
. .
1
..
. .
Suffocation
..
1
..
1
..
1
..
1
. .
1
..
-
1
1
:
:
1
2
(Edema of Lungs .
1
1
.
:
1
. .
..
Uræmia
..
. .
1
1
2
1
Accident, Railroad .
1
1
1
2
Old Age
N. 2
..
.
1
1
2
. .
1
3
1
4
..
. .
. .
:
1
45
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
SUMMARY.
Zymotic
12
7
co
5
3
5
7
7
6
6
7
2
70
Constitutional
1
4
5
6
3
8
4
3
9
5
3
8
59
Local
10
20
10
6
9
14
10
9
5
10
11
16
130
Developmental
1
4
4
3
1
3
5
7
2
2
3
1
36
Violent
1
1
1
.
1
3
2
1
1
. .
2
1
14
Total
25
36
23
20
17
33
28
27
23
23
26
28
309
Still-born
2
..
1
2
1
..
3
3
1
1
14
Grand Total
25
38
23
21
19
34
28
30
23
26
27
29
323
-
-
46
TABLE IV.
Deaths during the Year 1889, by Sex, Condition, Color, Nativity, Parentage, and Months.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
Total Deaths SEX :
25
38
23
21
19
34
28
30
23
26
27
29
323
Males
11
20
10
11
10
19
14
20
12
11
10
10
158
Females
14
18
13
10
9
15
14
10
11
15
17
19
165
CONDITION :
Single
18
19
9
13
13
9
16
22
14
20
15
11
179
Married
5
11
7
6
3
13
9
5
7
4
8
14
92
Widows
1
5
7
2
2
7
1
2
2
2
3
2
37
Widowers
1
3
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
White
25
38
23
21
19
34
28
30
23
24
26
29
320
Colored
NATIVITY :
Newton
13
11
5
13
10
6
13
16
11
13
7
7
125
Massachusetts
7
10
11
4
4
7
8
3
9
7
10
10
90
Other States
2
5
3
2
4
2
1
2
3
2
26
England
1
1
2
1
3
11
4
3
1
2
5
7
50
Scotland
1
-
-
1
-
1
British America
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
13
Other Countries
3
Unknown
PARENTAGE :
13
17
11
11
4
12
9
11
9
12
14
9
132
England
1
1
2
1
4
3
3
2
1
18
Ireland
3
11
4
7
6
14
8
10
9
CO 1 3
8
13
96
Scotland
1
1
1
1
-
1
British America
2
5
2
5
2
2
1
1
3
1
4
28
Other Countries
5
2
1
3
3
1
4
2
1
6
2
2
32
Unknown
1
1
3
1
2
-
1
1
1
11
-
-
-
2
1
-
-
1
1
3
1
3
1
-
10
Ireland
2
9
Germany
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
Germany
-
1
1
1
1
2
Mixed .
-
1
1
1
-
1
1
2
1
2
15
1
5
Unknown COLOR :
-
1
4
America
1
1
3
1
3
TABLE V.
Mortality arranged by Classes for the Last Five Years, together with Percentages to Total Mortality and Rate per 1000 Inhabitants.
1889.
1888.
1887.
1886.
1885.
CLASSES.
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
habitants.
Number.
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
habitants.
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total ;Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Number.
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In- habitants.
Zymotic
70
21.67
3.25
51
14.82
2.42
49
15.26
2.37
34
12.36
1.68
36
13.14
1.82
Constitutional
59
18.27
2.74
56
16.28
2.65
51
15.89
2.47
53
19.28
2.62
63
22.99
3.19
Local
130
40 25
6.03
174
50.58
8.25
158
49.22
7.65
119
43.27
5.89
114
41.61
5.77
Developmental . .
36
11.15
1.67
39
11.34
1.85
37
11.53
1.79
39
14.18
1.93
33
12.04
1.67
Violent .
14
4.33
0.65
10
2 91
0.47
15
4.67
0.73
6
2.18
0.30
10
3.65
0.51
Total
309
95.67
14.34
330
95.93
15.64
310
96.57
15.01
251
91.27
12.42
256
93.43
12.96
Still-born
14
4.33
0.65
14
4.07
0.66
11
3.43
0.53
24
8.73
1.19
18 " .
6.57
0.91
Aggregate .
323
14.99
344
16.30
321
15.54
275
-
13.61
274
13.87
.
.
.
-
-
1
habitants.
Number.
habitants.
Number.
Number.
47
TABLE VI.
Total of Deaths, Still-births and Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, for Five Years with Percentages.
Total Deaths exclusive
of Still-births.
Still-births.
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 Inhabi-
tants exclusive of Still-
Rate of Still-births per
Total Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of Still-births
Diphtheria and Croup.
Scarlet Fever.
Typhoid Fever.
Cerebro-Spinal Menin-
Whooping Cough.
Diarrhæal Diseases.
Small-pox
Other Zymotics.
Total Zymotics.
Percentage of Zymotic
Deatlıs to Total Mor-
tality.
Population.
1889
309
14
323
14.34
0.65
14.99
4.33
40
1
13
0
1
0
10
0
5
70
21.67
21,553
1888
330
14
344
15.64
0.66
16.30
4.07
10
2
11
-
2
1
16
0
00
51
14.82
21,105
1887
.
310
11 321
15.01
0.53
15.54
3.43
6
1
7
0
0
co
22
0
10
49
15.26
20,656
1886
.
251
24
275
12.42
1.19
13.61
8.73
+
2
6
2
0
16
C
+
34
12.36
20,208
1885
·
256
00
274
12.96
0.91
13.87
6.57
3
3
7
0
0
5 12
O
6
36
13.14
19,759
births.
1000 Inhabitants.
habitants.
to Total Mortality.
YEARS.
gitis.
Measles.
48
.
.
1
TABLE VII. Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, with Yearly Percentages to Total Mortality for Four Years.
Total
Total
Deaths per Sex.
Deaths per Sex under Five Years.
Five Years.
Percentage of each cause
under Five Years to
total Mortality.
Percentage each cause t Total Mortality.
cause.
tants.
M.
F.
M.
F.
1889.
1888.
1887.
1886.
1885.
Alcoholism
1
046
1
31
.31
Cholera Infantum
9
.418
4
5
4
5
9
2.786
2.89
2.33
4.36
.73 4.36
.36 3.28
Croup
2
-
.511
3
8
3
6
9
2.786 |3.40
.58
.62
.36
.36
Croup, Membranous
8
1
1
.046
1
Diphtheria
29
1.346
14
15
10
6
16
4.954
. 8.98
2.33
1.25
1.09
. 73
Dysentery .
1.16
2.49
.73
Erysipelas
1.16
.93
Fever, Malarial
.29
.31
.36
Fever, Scarlet
1
.046
1
1
1
310
.31
.58
.31
.73
1.10
Fever, Typhoid
13
.604
6
1
1
.310
4.02
3.20
2.18
2.18
2.56
Measles .
.29
.94
1.83
Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal
.29
Purpura Hem.
1
.046
1
1
1
.310
.31
Pyæmia .
2
.093
2
Septicæmia
1
.046
1
1
1
310
.31
.58
.36
Whooping Cough
1
.046
1
1
1
.310
.31
.58
.73
Other Causes
.94
.36
1.11
Total
70
3.248
33
37
18
21
39
12.076 21.67 14.82 15.26 12 36 13.14
·
Diarrhea
31
1.16
.31
1.46
.36
1
i
-
-
-
.29
.31
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
.
-
.
49
-
-
-
7
1
.36
.62
-
Total Deaths from each
Deaths per 1000 Inhabi-
Total Deaths under
Croup, Diphtheritic
1
50
TABLE VIII.
Deaths from Fifteen of the Principal Causes.
Total Deaths from each
Percentage of each
Deaths per 1000 Inhabi-
tants.
Total Deaths by Sex.
Total Deaths by Sex under 5 Years.
Total Deaths under
Percentage of each
cause under Five Years
to Total Mortality.
Consumption .
32
9.91
1.48
16
16
Heart Diseases
30
9.29
1.39
19
11
Diphtheria
29
8.98
1.35
14
15
10
6
16
4.954
Pneumonia
15
4.64
.70
7
8
3
2
5
1.548
Nephritis (Bright's Dis.)
14
4.33
.65
8
6
-
-
-
Typhoid Fever
13
4.02
.60
7
6
1
-
1 .310
Croup
11
3.40
.51
3
8
3
6
9
2.786
Cancers
10
3.10
.46
4
6
Cholera Infantum
9
2.79
.42
4
5
4
5
9
2.786
Apoplexy
8
2.48
.37
4
4
Premature Birth
8
2.48
.37
3
5
3
5
8
2.477
Brain Diseases
7
2.17
.32
4
3
2
1
3
.929
Debility, General
6
1.86
.28
1
5
-
1
1
.310
Paralysis
6
1.86
.28
2
4
-
-
Old Age .
14
4.33
.65
5
9
cause.
cause to Total
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