Town of Newton annual report 1889, Part 12

Author: Newton (Mass.)
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Newton (Mass.)
Number of Pages: 628


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1889 > Part 12


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Night-Soil.


The removal of night-soil has been by contract with Wm. H. Mague, the same having been made in 1888, and as far as we know, has been attended to faithfully, the system employed being that known as the odorless. But few complaints have been received from our citizens and the greater part of them have been shown upon investigation to be owing to no fault of the contractor. Several complaints have been made months after the work was performed and no investigation of the true facts could be made. The majority of the complaints seem to be on account of the cost, claiming that the cesspool does not hold as many loads as has been billed to them. Invariably, on receipt of such a complaint, the next work has been done in the presence of our Agent, especial care being taken to see that the teams were properly emptied and filled, and as yet, in no in- stance has the contractor's count or loading been found at fault, on the contrary, it has always been in favor of the citizen. It has often been the case that parties would measure


32


the cesspool and upon comparing the cubic capacity with the number and capacity of the loads would say immediately that a mistake had been made. They forget that the use of the cesspool has filled the ground for a large distance around it and that when it is emptied a considerable portion of this leaching will run back into the cesspool and be removed at the same time. In such cases, if parties would superintend the pump- ing once, they would then have some definite basis upon which to work. Of course no one is infallible and 'errors may creep in, but when such has been shown to be the case, the con- tractor has always shown a willingness to make all reparation possible.


Parties who have sufficient land for that purpose have only in a few instances been denied the right to empty their vaults or cesspools under the restrictions [imposed by the Board. Generally these restrictions are cheerfully obeyed but in some cases considerable fault has been found because of them. In a few districts, however, the Board have taken action and hereafter no private permits will be given. When the pollution of the soil with disease germs is considered in its relation to health, it may well be questioned if all permits ought not to be refused.


Nuisances.


The complaints received relative to alleged nuisances have been somewhat in 'excess of the usual number and have in many cases been caused by the large amount of ground water, and have been abated as the ground water was lowered.


Singular as it may seem, some of the complaints made to this Board have been prompted by ill-feeling between neigh- bors. While the Board are often justified and even ought to take action, in order to induce people to do what is right for the public welfare, yet the nuisance may have existed for years


33


and would perhaps have continued to for years to come, unless accidentally visited by this Board, had it not been for trouble arising between the parties directly interested. Frequently in such cases as these, the work done by this Board has allayed the ill-feeling, and the parties have become reconciled once more.


A great many places have been examined and nuisances abated without our receiving any complaint, and then it is sometimes difficult to make the derelict individual believe that it is done without instigation or animus on the part of anyone.


This work has required 1563 visits from the Agent and 259 letters, which together with the inspections of plumbing make a total of 3254 visits, 336 letters and 36 Board meetings attended.


Plumbing.


No change has been made in the rules governing plumbing during the year. The inspection has been followed up as well as the time which the Agent has been obliged to devote to other work, would allow. The rules have been adhered to by all of the plumbers except one, unless in one or two minor points, which were corrected upon their attention being called to them. The one exception we are glad to say was not one of our own plumbers, but one who claimed to be located in Boston. In this case the joints were filled with cold lead and putty and sometimes on the under side with nothing but oakum; the vents were placed a long distance away from the traps and the work was of the most inferior style. Upon being notified of his violation of the rules, the blame was put upon the journey- man sent out to do the work, and a promise made to rectify all errors. Since that time we understand the plumber has not been near the work. No one in the business, that we can find, ever heard of him, and the owner states that he has been unable to locate him since receiving notice that the work was not all right. In consequence of this, the owner finally engaged


34


a Newton plumber to finish the job, and the work was made as near right as possible. During the year the Agent has made 1691 visits and has written 77 letters, besides attending to the usual verbal requests, decisions and mailing of blanks and rules.


As intimated in the last report the call for inspection of old plumbing has increased. Many houses have received in- spections on account of sickness arising therein, and many others because their occupants were afraid that something might not be in good condition. As usual the most common faults have been pan closets, holding as they surely will, after any considerable use, a deposit of fœcal and other matter which will surely and slowly send out the poison that enervates and reduces the system and brings it into the right condition for propagating the seeds of any disease brought into contact with it ; lead trays, saturated with urine, emitting at all times a nasty and unwholesome smell; S or 1-2 S traps which are liable to be siphoned out at any time; and fixtures without any trap at all. As fast as possible the Board are endeavoring to induce owners to take out all the old style of plumbing in vogue during the popularity of the pan closet and having it replaced with the latest improvements of sanitary science.


Sewerage.


The question of sewerage is becoming more vitally impor- tant year by year. There are sections in the centres of each village where the land has become so valuable that the owners can no longer afford to hold it and in consequence the lots are rapidly becoming smaller in area and new buildings are being rapidly erected upon them. The dwelling is beginning to give way to the block and increased demands are constantly being made upon the soil for the reception of house drainage which may or may not be rendered harmless through natural agencies,


35


Wards One and Seven especially cry for immediate relief and the pollution of the soil has now become a very serious question. Under our present cesspool system there is no telling how far the leaching from them has reached nor to what extent the ground may have become impregnated with the germs of disease. Much of the soil of Newton is of no use whatever in purifying sewage matter, especially on the hills, as the clay sub- soil, which holds water like a sponge, and refuses to aid in clarifying, is reached at a depth of from two to five feet. In other places, where sand is found, it is of the "quick" character and hardens up immediately when the water touches it, thus making the cesspool constructed in it almost tight and of no use whatever in absorbing the leachings from the same. While the cesspool may work all right under ordinary conditions, yet when there comes an unusually heavy rain-fall as during the last two years, trouble is sure to arise. Old cesspools refuse to act and have to be frequently pumped out, and in many cases the sewage even bursts forth upon the surface. For these reasons as well as others our citizens have freely called upon the department to aid in devising ways to give them relief. When therefore, it has become necessary to abandon the old cesspool and put in the new, or when encroachments are made upon the territory which has been pre-empted by the cesspool, the inevitable upturning and utilizing of this polluted soil must in itself become dangerous to public health and until all such soil has been thoroughly exposed to oxygenizing influences and completely renovated and purified, no one can say that there is absolute safety.


But while we can condemn the open leaching cesspool on principle we are compelled to continue its use for a few years longer, until we can construct a system of sewerage. Until now the trouble has been to decide upon what to do with sewage after getting it into the sewers. The legislature had


36


given to Newton the privilege of discharging into the Charles River near the Boston line, provided that no nuisance be made. But as this was impossible from the shallowness of the river and the flow of the tides it would have been just as well for us never to have had the privilege.


Fortunately, however, this question of the final disposal of our sewage has at last been settled and in a way that will un- doubtedly prove satisfactory. At the last session of the legislature the report of the State Board of Health was adopted recommending the construction of a Metropolitan sewer to con- nect with the Boston system. This contemplates the building of a main sewer through Brighton and along the valley of the Charles River to Waltham receiving the sewage of Brighton. Newton, Watertown and Waltham, and carrying it into the present Boston system, whose outlet is at Moon Island. Under this act the commissioners have been appointed and they are now busily engaged in getting out the detailed plans and settling all the preliminary work. During the coming year the work will undoubtedly be commenced and be pushed forward as rapidly as possible to completion.


It now remains for Newton to design and perfect her plans for the local sewers as soon as the grades and points at which the laterals can enter, have been decided upon. The more rapidly this work is pushed and the work of construc- tion completed, the sooner will Newton be enabled to reap the benefits accruing from a system of sewerage, and many who would like to locate here but have been deterred from doing so on account of the lack of sewerage, will no longer hesitate to become residents of our beautiful city.


Winthrop Avenue.


For several years this locality has been an eyesore to every one passing by and a menace to the health of those residing in the vicinity. Several attempts had been made to induce the


37


owners to abate the nuisance, but without avail, the principal objection being the expense and the uncertainty of success in the methods proposed. In 1888, Mr. Eddy, one of the owners, experimented with a drain which proved successful for a few months and then the nuisance became as bad as before. In 1889, Mr. Eddy, feeling that the cesspool on his place was not causing all the mischief asked the Board to co-operate in behalf of the city with himself and other citizens in a scheme for the abatement of the nuisance, which request was acceded to by the Board, May 28th. During the summer and early fall, the scheme was carried out by Mr. Eddy and though the Board have not as yet accepted the work, the drainage appears to be satisfactory and the nuisance abated.


Members.


With the retirement of Mayor Kimball from official position, the Board lost the services of the one who had been the most instrumental in its formation. He had given a great deal of his time and much earnest thought to the advancement of the sanitary interests of the city and no one could have shown more zeal in this direction. He had always endeavored to be a leader and to keep in advance of the needs of the city. The Board regretted exceedingly the severing of the many pleasant ties which had existed between them and trust that remem- brance of his efficient work on this Board will be among the pleasant memories of his life.


While losing one valued member, the Board were exceed- ingly fortunate in having one who was thoroughly acquainted with the work to succeed him. Mayor Burr had already been on the Board for two years as the member from the Common Council and in him was found a worthy successor to his pre- decessor.


*


38


The other changes in the Board were in the Aldermanic representation and resulted from the fact that they could not give the necessary time.


Acknowledgments.


It is one of the most agreeable duties devolving upon the Board to acknowledge at this time the many courteous acts extended to them by His Honor the Mayor, the members of the City Government, the heads of the different departments, the members of the police force for their kind co-operation in times of distress and danger, our sister Boards of Health, Arthur Hudson, Esq., and many others, for which the Board feel greatly indebted.


Respectfully submitted, For the Board of Health, WM. S. FRENCH, Clerk.


*


PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS AND OTHER STATISTICS.


Population estimated


21,553


Death rate per 1000 in 1889


14.99


Area of city in acres


11,600


" parks " ".


40


Gas, miles of mains laid


50


" capacity of holders in cubic feet


370,000


Lights, number of electric


arc incandescent 176


76 }


252


66 "


gas


758


66 66 oil


226


Number of churches


66


" dwellings


4,000


66


" volumes in public libraries


36,171


66


" public schools


21


66


" pupils attending


3,570


66 " teachers


106


66


" private schools


14


Railways, miles of steam


125


66 " street


2


Streets, average width of main


. 50 to 70 ft.


miles of accepted


110


" unaccepted .


30


66 " graveled


90


66 " macadamized


50


66


" concrete sidewalks


47


" graveled 66


60


Telephones, number of, in use by citizens


344


؛؛ " controlled by city 26


33


40


Water, capacity of reservoir in gallons . 15,000,000 daily average consumption in gallons 853,435


" pumping capacity of engines in gallons 6,000,000 number of fire hydrants . 606


66 " services in use 4,203


" miles of main laid .


90.2


-


TABLE I. Statement of Deaths by Months in Each Ward.


WARDS.


1


2


3


4


5


6


7


TOTAL.


AGGREGATE.


Male.


Female.


Male.


Female.


Male.


Female.


Male.


Female.


Male.


Female


Male.


Male.


Female.


Male.


Female.


January


.


.


3


1


2


4


2


2


1


3


2


3


11


14


25


February .


6


2


3


1


3


2


4


4


5


3


2


1


2


20


18


38


March


2


2


1


1


4


3


1


2


1


2


1


3


10


13


23


April .


3


3


2


4


1


1


1


1


1


2


1


10


9


19


June .


4


5


8


2


2


4


1


1


2


2


3


19


15


34


July .


6


1


2


2


1


1


1


3


5


2


14


14


28


August


5


3


6


3


2


1


3


1


2


1


3


20


10


30


September


3


1


1


3


4


1


2


1


5


2


12


11


23


October


1


1


4


7


1


3


1


2


2


1


3


11


15


26


November


.


1


5


2


3


2


6


2


1


1


2


2


10


19


29


Totals


37


36


31


28


15


31


26


15


17


22


27


18


5


15


158


165


323


Aggregate


.


73


59


46


41


39


45


20


323


1


1


2


11


10


21


May .


5


1


-


-


-


--


2


10


17


27


4


1


5


1


1


4


3


1


2


1


December


.


-


.


1


.


3


1


3


1


Female.


41


42


TABLE II. Comparative View of the Causes of Death during the Year 1889.


5


10


15


20


25


30


35


40


Diphtheria


29


Croup, Membranous


8


Croup, Diphtheritic


1-38


Consumption


32


Heart Diseases


30


Diphtheria .


29


Pneumonia .


15


Nephritis (Bright's Disease),14


Old Age


14


Typhoid Fever


. 13


Cancers


. 10


Cholera Infantum


9


Apoplexy


8


Croup, Membranous


8


Premature Birth


8


Brain Diseases


7


Debility, General


6


Paralysis


6


Convulsions


5


Marasmus


5


Meningitis


5


Anæmia


4


Enteritis .


4


Liver Diseases


4


Suicide


4


Cystitis


3


Scrofula


Two diseases


each 2


Ten diseases


6.


2


Seven diseases


1


Thirty-two diseases


1


Deaths from Zymotic Diseases.


Deaths from Other Diseases.


43


TABLE III.


Causes of Death in each Month as Registered by the City Clerk, Arranged Alphabetically in Classes.


DISEASES.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


I. ZYMOTIC.


Alcoholism


Cholera Infantum


..


. .


. .


:


1


. . : 1:


.. : : :


: : :


9


Croup


1


..


. .


. .


1


Croup, Membranous


1


. .


..


. .


1


1


1


2


1


8


Diarrhea .


0. 9


4


2


3


2


3


..


..


. .


. .


1


1


1


1


1


3


1


1


13


Purpura Hemorrhagica


1


Pyæmia


1


Whooping Cough


..


..


. .


:


..


1


:


1


II. CONSTITUTIONAL.


Anæmia


Cancer of Breast


..


1


1


Cancer of Intestines


·


. .


..


1


. .


.


. .


. .


..


..


..


1


2


3


2


6


32


Dropsy


1


. .


. .


..


..


..


. .


. .


..


1


1


1


5


Tabes Mesenterica


. .


. .


.


.


. .


.


:


. .


1


III. LOCAL.


Nervous.


Apoplexy .


1


4


8


Brain, Disease of


..


1


1


Brain, Hemorrhage of


1


..


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


..


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


..


..


1


5


Paralysis


2


. .


. .


1


. .


.


.


:


1


Circulatory.


Endocarditis


Gangrene of Leg


1


:


. .


Heart, Disease of .


3


1


1


4


1


Heart, Dropsy of


1


1


. .


Heart, Hypertrophy of


2


. .


..


. .


Heart, Paralysis of


2


1


. .


. .


..


. .


. .


Pericarditis .


..


. .


..


..


. .


1


1


..


. .


..


. .


. .


:


2


1


: :


1


Cancer of Liver


1


.


. .


. .


..


·


1


1


1


Cancer, (not stated)


Consumption


1


2


6


1


5


2


1


3


Leucocytlæmia


Marasmus


2


Scrofula


. .


1


..


2


: : :


1


1


..


1. 1


. .


..


: -:


11


3


Brain Fever .


1


1


1


Brain, Tumor of


Convulsions


1


1


1


3


..


1


:


:


1


Tetanus


..


:


..


:


Hi Hi :


17


Heart Failure


1


.


1


:


3


Heart, Rupture of


1


1


Diphtheria


3


3


29


Fever, Scarlet


1


1


1. 1


. .


. .


.


..


..


. .


. .


1


. .


..


1


2


Cancer of Stomach


1


2


Cancer of Uterus


3


1


2


1


. .


3


Tuberculosis


Sunstroke


1


. .


1


. .


1


5


Meningitis


1


2


6


1


1


1


1


. .


..


1


1


5


3


Septicemia


1


. .


1


. .


2


..


2


Croup, Diphtheritic .


..


..


1


Fever, Typhoid


2


. . 1 .. : ::


2


1


..


1


Brain, Softening of


1


2


..


..


1


1


..


44


Table III-Continued.


DISEASES.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


Respiratory.


Apnœa .


. .


. .


. .


..


..


.


.


..


Bronchitis


1


..


Empyema


1. 1


..


. .


..


..


.


..


..


. .


..


..


1


(Edema of Glottis


..


..


. .


. .


.


.


1


2


Pneumonia .


1


3


1


2


. .


..


1


1


1


2


3


15


Digestive.


Ascites


Bowels, Inflammation of .


1


.


. .


. .


. .


Enteritis .


1


1


2


. .


. .


..


..


..


. .


..


1


..


. .


..


. .


..


..


. .


. .


. .


. .


..


. .


1


Mal-assimilation


Peritonitis


1


:


1


1


. .


. .


. .


Miscellaneous.


Cystitis


Diabetes


..


. .


. .


..


..


..


1


1


Hip Disease


. .


. .


. .


..


..


. .


1


1


Nephritis (Briglit's Disease)


1


5


3


1


1


1


1


1


14


Prostrate, Abscess of


1


.


. .


. .


..


. .


..


1


1


IV. DEVELOPMENTAL.


Childbirthı


Cyanosis


Debility, General


. .


1


1


1


..


..


.. :


.


..


. .


1


Eclampsia, Puerperal


..


1


..


. .


..


. .


..


..


..


1


Inanition .


1


2


1


.


. .


3


1 1


2 2


1


3


. .


14


Premature Birth


1


1


. .


. .


.


. .


1


8


V. VIOLENT.


Accident, Fall .


1


..


..


. .


. .


. .


..


..


. .


. .


..


. .


. .


Asphyxia .


Brain, Concussion of


..


. .


..


. .


..


. .


. .


. .


. .


..


1


2


Snicide, Pistol Shot


1


1


. .


..


. .


. .


. .


..


1


3


Suicide, Poison


1


Tranmatic Injury


.


..


. .


. .


-. 1


.


1


. .


. .


..


..


. .


. .


1


.


:


1


1


Hemorrhage, Internal


..


. .


..


1


1


Hepatitis


Indigestion


Liver, Abscess of


1


Liver, Cirrhosis of


1


..


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


..


1


. .


. .


..


. .


. .


Stomatitis


.


. .


1


. .


. .


1


.


1 1:1 1


1


Kidneys, Abscess of


..


1


. .


. .


. .


1


Liver, Enlargement of


..


..


1


. .


1


1


1


1


Liver, Congestion of


. .


1


Fever, Gastric


1


..


Gastritis


2


1


..


.


1


..


. .


..


..


:


..


..


1


2


2


..


. .


6


Eclampsia


Exhaustion


..


..


. .


..


.


..


1


. .


..


1


..


..


..


..


1


..


. .


..


1


Drowning


2


Poison .


. .


..


1


..


. .


..


.


2


. .


1


..


. .


Suffocation


..


1


..


1


..


1


..


1


. .


1


..


-


1


1


:


:


1


2


(Edema of Lungs .


1


1


.


:


1


. .


..


Uræmia


..


. .


1


1


2


1


Accident, Railroad .


1


1


1


2


Old Age


N. 2


..


.


1


1


2


. .


1


3


1


4


..


. .


. .


:


1


45


DISEASES.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


SUMMARY.


Zymotic


12


7


co


5


3


5


7


7


6


6


7


2


70


Constitutional


1


4


5


6


3


8


4


3


9


5


3


8


59


Local


10


20


10


6


9


14


10


9


5


10


11


16


130


Developmental


1


4


4


3


1


3


5


7


2


2


3


1


36


Violent


1


1


1


.


1


3


2


1


1


. .


2


1


14


Total


25


36


23


20


17


33


28


27


23


23


26


28


309


Still-born


2


..


1


2


1


..


3


3


1


1


14


Grand Total


25


38


23


21


19


34


28


30


23


26


27


29


323


-


-


46


TABLE IV.


Deaths during the Year 1889, by Sex, Condition, Color, Nativity, Parentage, and Months.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


Total Deaths SEX :


25


38


23


21


19


34


28


30


23


26


27


29


323


Males


11


20


10


11


10


19


14


20


12


11


10


10


158


Females


14


18


13


10


9


15


14


10


11


15


17


19


165


CONDITION :


Single


18


19


9


13


13


9


16


22


14


20


15


11


179


Married


5


11


7


6


3


13


9


5


7


4


8


14


92


Widows


1


5


7


2


2


7


1


2


2


2


3


2


37


Widowers


1


3


1


1


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


White


25


38


23


21


19


34


28


30


23


24


26


29


320


Colored


NATIVITY :


Newton


13


11


5


13


10


6


13


16


11


13


7


7


125


Massachusetts


7


10


11


4


4


7


8


3


9


7


10


10


90


Other States


2


5


3


2


4


2


1


2


3


2


26


England


1


1


2


1


3


11


4


3


1


2


5


7


50


Scotland


1


-


-


1


-


1


British America


2


1


1


2


1


1


1


1


3


13


Other Countries


3


Unknown


PARENTAGE :


13


17


11


11


4


12


9


11


9


12


14


9


132


England


1


1


2


1


4


3


3


2


1


18


Ireland


3


11


4


7


6


14


8


10


9


CO 1 3


8


13


96


Scotland


1


1


1


1


-


1


British America


2


5


2


5


2


2


1


1


3


1


4


28


Other Countries


5


2


1


3


3


1


4


2


1


6


2


2


32


Unknown


1


1


3


1


2


-


1


1


1


11


-


-


-


2


1


-


-


1


1


3


1


3


1


-


10


Ireland


2


9


Germany


1


1


1


1


1


1


-


1


1


-


1


1


1


1


Germany


-


1


1


1


1


2


Mixed .


-


1


1


1


-


1


1


2


1


2


15


1


5


Unknown COLOR :


-


1


4


America


1


1


3


1


3


TABLE V.


Mortality arranged by Classes for the Last Five Years, together with Percentages to Total Mortality and Rate per 1000 Inhabitants.


1889.


1888.


1887.


1886.


1885.


CLASSES.


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


habitants.


Number.


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


habitants.


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total ;Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Number.


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In- habitants.


Zymotic


70


21.67


3.25


51


14.82


2.42


49


15.26


2.37


34


12.36


1.68


36


13.14


1.82


Constitutional


59


18.27


2.74


56


16.28


2.65


51


15.89


2.47


53


19.28


2.62


63


22.99


3.19


Local


130


40 25


6.03


174


50.58


8.25


158


49.22


7.65


119


43.27


5.89


114


41.61


5.77


Developmental . .


36


11.15


1.67


39


11.34


1.85


37


11.53


1.79


39


14.18


1.93


33


12.04


1.67


Violent .


14


4.33


0.65


10


2 91


0.47


15


4.67


0.73


6


2.18


0.30


10


3.65


0.51


Total


309


95.67


14.34


330


95.93


15.64


310


96.57


15.01


251


91.27


12.42


256


93.43


12.96


Still-born


14


4.33


0.65


14


4.07


0.66


11


3.43


0.53


24


8.73


1.19


18 " .


6.57


0.91


Aggregate .


323


14.99


344


16.30


321


15.54


275


-


13.61


274


13.87


.


.


.


-


-


1


habitants.


Number.


habitants.


Number.


Number.


47


TABLE VI.


Total of Deaths, Still-births and Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, for Five Years with Percentages.


Total Deaths exclusive


of Still-births.


Still-births.


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 Inhabi-


tants exclusive of Still-


Rate of Still-births per


Total Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of Still-births


Diphtheria and Croup.


Scarlet Fever.


Typhoid Fever.


Cerebro-Spinal Menin-


Whooping Cough.


Diarrhæal Diseases.


Small-pox


Other Zymotics.


Total Zymotics.


Percentage of Zymotic


Deatlıs to Total Mor-


tality.


Population.


1889


309


14


323


14.34


0.65


14.99


4.33


40


1


13


0


1


0


10


0


5


70


21.67


21,553


1888


330


14


344


15.64


0.66


16.30


4.07


10


2


11


-


2


1


16


0


00


51


14.82


21,105


1887


.


310


11 321


15.01


0.53


15.54


3.43


6


1


7


0


0


co


22


0


10


49


15.26


20,656


1886


.


251


24


275


12.42


1.19


13.61


8.73


+


2


6


2


0


16


C


+


34


12.36


20,208


1885


·


256


00


274


12.96


0.91


13.87


6.57


3


3


7


0


0


5 12


O


6


36


13.14


19,759


births.


1000 Inhabitants.


habitants.


to Total Mortality.


YEARS.


gitis.


Measles.


48


.


.


1


TABLE VII. Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, with Yearly Percentages to Total Mortality for Four Years.


Total


Total


Deaths per Sex.


Deaths per Sex under Five Years.


Five Years.


Percentage of each cause


under Five Years to


total Mortality.


Percentage each cause t Total Mortality.


cause.


tants.


M.


F.


M.


F.


1889.


1888.


1887.


1886.


1885.


Alcoholism


1


046


1


31


.31


Cholera Infantum


9


.418


4


5


4


5


9


2.786


2.89


2.33


4.36


.73 4.36


.36 3.28


Croup


2


-


.511


3


8


3


6


9


2.786 |3.40


.58


.62


.36


.36


Croup, Membranous


8


1


1


.046


1


Diphtheria


29


1.346


14


15


10


6


16


4.954


. 8.98


2.33


1.25


1.09


. 73


Dysentery .


1.16


2.49


.73


Erysipelas


1.16


.93


Fever, Malarial


.29


.31


.36


Fever, Scarlet


1


.046


1


1


1


310


.31


.58


.31


.73


1.10


Fever, Typhoid


13


.604


6


1


1


.310


4.02


3.20


2.18


2.18


2.56


Measles .


.29


.94


1.83


Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal


.29


Purpura Hem.


1


.046


1


1


1


.310


.31


Pyæmia .


2


.093


2


Septicæmia


1


.046


1


1


1


310


.31


.58


.36


Whooping Cough


1


.046


1


1


1


.310


.31


.58


.73


Other Causes


.94


.36


1.11


Total


70


3.248


33


37


18


21


39


12.076 21.67 14.82 15.26 12 36 13.14


·


Diarrhea


31


1.16


.31


1.46


.36


1


i


-


-


-


.29


.31


-


1


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


1


.


-


.


49


-


-


-


7


1


.36


.62


-


Total Deaths from each


Deaths per 1000 Inhabi-


Total Deaths under


Croup, Diphtheritic


1


50


TABLE VIII.


Deaths from Fifteen of the Principal Causes.


Total Deaths from each


Percentage of each


Deaths per 1000 Inhabi-


tants.


Total Deaths by Sex.


Total Deaths by Sex under 5 Years.


Total Deaths under


Percentage of each


cause under Five Years


to Total Mortality.


Consumption .


32


9.91


1.48


16


16


Heart Diseases


30


9.29


1.39


19


11


Diphtheria


29


8.98


1.35


14


15


10


6


16


4.954


Pneumonia


15


4.64


.70


7


8


3


2


5


1.548


Nephritis (Bright's Dis.)


14


4.33


.65


8


6


-


-


-


Typhoid Fever


13


4.02


.60


7


6


1


-


1 .310


Croup


11


3.40


.51


3


8


3


6


9


2.786


Cancers


10


3.10


.46


4


6


Cholera Infantum


9


2.79


.42


4


5


4


5


9


2.786


Apoplexy


8


2.48


.37


4


4


Premature Birth


8


2.48


.37


3


5


3


5


8


2.477


Brain Diseases


7


2.17


.32


4


3


2


1


3


.929


Debility, General


6


1.86


.28


1


5


-


1


1


.310


Paralysis


6


1.86


.28


2


4


-


-


Old Age .


14


4.33


.65


5


9


cause.


cause to Total




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