Town of Newton annual report 1890, Part 11

Author: Newton (Mass.)
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Newton (Mass.)
Number of Pages: 680


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1890 > Part 11


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This drainage question is becoming more prominent every year and deserves attention at the same time with the sewerage question. The territory of Newton presents large tracts of swampy soil along the Charles river, and bordering various ponds and brooks. The Board has received many communications with reference to these sections and have taken measures for the relief and betterment of the land in several instances. The City Council has provided for the improved drainage of the Mague meadows. The lands adjoining the upper end of Bullough's pond are in pressing need of relief as soon as money can be appropriated and the plans determined. The thorough and complete drainage of malarial districts will require much time and money in the near future, and adjacent towns will need to combine or co-operate in this work to insure the banishment of this disease from our borders.


Night-Soil.


The work of removing night-soil and emptying cesspools has been done by the contractor, so far as this Board is aware of. in a perfectly satisfactory manner. Scarcely a complaint has been made during the year to this Board, and in the very few exceptions the complainants became satisfied that the work had been faithfully done. In only one instance


25


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


has the reverse of this seemed true, and then the report came to the Board so long after the work was done that no inves- tigation could be satisfactorily made. In this case there was probably carelessness on the part of the men performing the work, so that passers-by were annoyed. The contractor has evidently tried to be prompt and efficient, and all requests from this Board have been carefully looked after and given precedence when necessary.


Plumbing.


Scarcely anything different from what has already been given in these reports can be said at the present time. The inspection of plumbing in new houses has been carried for- ward in the same manner as heretofore. In one house at Eliot the plumber (not a Newton man) evidently did his best to "skin " the work and get the better of the inspector. In this, however, he failed, and his efforts in this direction must have cost him more than it would to have done a good straight-forward piece of work in the first place.


Early in the year a hearing was given to the Pike Manufacturing Co., upon their petition to be allowed to introduce their system of plumbing and ventilation into Newton. By their system they claim that it is not necessary to ventilate the trap of each fixture, provided it is situated within ten feet of the main stack. After listening to all the testimony in favor and against, the Board decided that it was not advisable to grant the petition, but to require that all traps shall be vented as specified in the rules.


The sanitary examination of houses has been frequently called for by our citizens and by physicians, and in every case the request has been cheerfully granted, and as far as pos- sible peppermint tests have been made to determine whether any leaks existed or not. Poor pan closets, with receivers or back of bowls coated with deposits of focal and other filth, wood-work and trays saturated with urine, unvented


26


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


goose-neck traps forming scarcely any protection at all, with an occasional faulty designing, put in before plumbers were ' very expert in sanitary knowledge, have been the usual defects. Ordinarily a simple request from this Board is sufficient to correct the trouble, but occasionally more strin- gent measures have to be adopted. The near approach of sewerage will require a thorough overhauling of much of the old plumbing now in. The greater part of that put in since the fall of 1885 will undoubtedly be found to be satis- factory.


Sewerage.


It is with a great feeling of relief that the Board con- templates the progress that has been made toward the introduction of sewers. The construction of overflow cesspools and blind drains, and the adoption of various other expedients to remedy existing evils, will be done away with. These are in themselves an evil to be greatly deplored, and have been recommended only because of two evils it was wiser to choose the least, and prevent so far as possible the introduc- tion or spread of any epidemic disease. As fast as the sewers are built and put into use, and entrances can be made, it will be the province of this Board to adopt methods and means to correct some of the evils which naturally arise from the cesspool system. The Metropolitan Commission are pushing the construction of the trunk sewer as rapidly as possible, and it is now nearly completed as far as Cottage Farm. The Commissioners at first stated that the main sewer would not be completed until the summer or fall of 1892. But repeated visits of His Honor the Mayor, and the committee on sewerage from the City Council, together with those from members of this Board and others, have so impressed the Commissioners with the desirability and necessity of pushing the work that they have agreed that the main sewer shall be constructed, as far as Newton at least, by the first of January,


27


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


1892. As the action taken by the City Council looking to the putting in of local branches has been so recent, and as there is yet considerable to be done in the way of legislation, it is entirely unnecessary for us to go into details at the present time. It only remains for us to add our official testimony, so often repeated, as to the immediate necessity of sewerage, and to request that the construction of the sewers be carried on as expeditiously as possible. At the same time, without raising any unnecessary fears, we ought to call attention to the fact that this wholesale opening up and dis- turbance of our streets and lands may be liable to cause during that time a decided increase in diseases dangerous to the public health, erysipelas and the like. This has been the experience, we think, of nearly all places substituting the water carriage system for the cesspool. Should it prove that our anticipations are groundless we should be very glad. We do not state this for the purpose of throwing any obstacles in the way of the work, but only for the purpose of impressing upon our citizens the greater need of care in looking after their premises and their own general and personal health during this transition period.


Sterilized Milk.


As bacteriology has shown that human milk, as it comes from the breast, is absolutely sterile, and that cow's milk kept from twelve to twenty-four hours is full of bacteria, we understand why the latter so often disagrees with the infant.


Prolonged boiling sterilizes or destroys the germs in milk, but produces changes on contact with air, such as the formation of a scum of coagulated serum, albumen and fat ; also, according to chemists, expels about three per cent. of carbonie dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen, and leaves a flat taste in the product. Unless the milk is hermetically sealed fresh germs get into it and the good effects of sterilization are lost.


28


REPORT OP BOARD OF HEALTH.


The method of sterilizing by steam is more thorough and complete than that by boiling water. This can be obtained by using an Arnold steam cooker or a double boiler. The germs may be afterwards excluded by plugging the bottle or can with cotton, or by the use of a perforated rubber stopper, sealed by a glass plug. A bottle that will stand heat is essential as well as a sure method of stoppling after the process is completed. The bottles of milk closed by cotton plugs can be heated in an ordinary oven.


The germs increase with great rapidity, some of them doubling in half an hour, so sterilization must be early. Contamination occurs first in milking, then in storage and transfer -- all along being accessible, with the ordinary meth- ods of care, to the germs of putrefaction and disease. Simplicity and economy are important in connection with sterilization, as the necessity of this procedure is greatest among the poor and inefficient.


Pasteur proposed to heat milk to 140 ° or 176 º F. and then rapidly cool it to 46 ° or 50 º F., the higher tempera- ture being fatal to most fermentation germs, and the rapid chilling of it avoids the multiplication which takes place in warm milk of any that might escape.


To completely sterilize milk on a large scale is impracti- cable, but it can be chilled in a refrigerator, and this has great effect in retarding the souring process. The large dairy companies in London require their dairymen to chill all the milk furnished, and this milk remains twenty-four hours longer unchanged than the best milk near the city which has not been chilled, and in which the early rising of the cream-the first sign of change-is mistaken for greater richness in the unchilled milk.


The requirements which ought to be exacted of milk producers are : -


1. A competent inspection at stated intervals of the herd, that no diseased milk enter the supply sold.


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH. 29


2. Careful and incessant cleanliness to exclude hay dust and other dirt from the hide of the cow or hands of the milker, from imperfectly cleansed vessels, from air, or from contamination of impure water.


3. The receptacles of milk to have been well cleansed for some time with hot water and steam.


4. To be well covered, cooled, and constantly kept at a low temperature.


Members.


The beginning of the year saw several important changes in the membership of the Board. During the latter part of 1889 Dr. Frisbie and Mr. Fuller, who had been members of the Board since its organization in 1885, felt that they had done all that could be reasonably asked of them as public minded citizens, and as their private business would have to suffer from a further continuance on the Board, they sent their resignations to His Honor to take effect Jan. 1, 1890. Dr. Frisbie and Mr. Fuller had been thoroughly identified with the work of the Board, and much of its success is due to their faithful and unselfish efforts in behalf of their fellow citizens. They retired from the Board with the regrets and best wishes for the future on the part of those with whom they had been associated.


Dr. Frisbie consented to serve until such time as the Mayor should succeed in finding some one to fill his place. He accordingly retained his membership until May. Dr. Baker was appointed to fill the vacancy.


Alderman Bond was appointed as the Aldermanic rep- resentative on the Board, and became a valuable and efficient member. Councilman Hall was selected to take the place which had been held by Mr. Wiswall. His prompt and constant attendance, together with his zeal and devotion, has made him one of the most energetic members of the Board.


Mr. Wiswall having become familiar with the work of


1


30


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


the Board through his previous connection therewith, was induced by His Honor the Mayor to accept the place made vacant by the retirement of Mr. Fuller, and the Board was indeed fortunate in securing the services of one so familiar with the duties of the office.


Acknowledgments.


It again becomes our pleasant duty to acknowledge the many courtesies received from His Honor the Mayor, the members of the City Council, the heads of the different departments, the members of the police force, who are always ready to aid in the work of sanitary policing, the Boston Board of Health, and many others, for which the Board return their sincere thanks.


Respectfully submitted,


For the Board of Health,


WM. S. FRENCH, Clerk.


PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS AND OTHER STATISTICS.


Population, U. S. census, 1890


24,379


Death rate per 1,000 in 1890


14.52


Area of city in acres


11,600


Area of parks in acres


60


Gas, miles of mains laid


56


Gas, capacity of holders in cubic feet


370,000


Lights, number of electric (arc 76 )


507


Lights, number of gas


785


Lights, number of oil


157


Number of churches .


34


Number of dwellings


4,150


Number of volumes in public libraries


37,000


Number of public schools .


21


Number of pupils attending


3,973


Number of teachers .


111


Number of private schools .


20


Railways, miles of steam


12.5


Railways, miles of street


3


Streets, average width of main


. 50 to 70 ft.


Streets, miles of accepted .


111


Streets, miles of unaccepted


30


Streets, miles of graveled .


91


Streets, miles of macadamized


50


Streets, miles of concrete sidewalks


48


incandescent 431


32


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


Streets, miles of graveled sidewalks 61


Telephones, number of, in use by citizens 375


Telephones, number of, controlled by city . 50


Water, capacity of reservoir in gallons . 15,000,000


Water, daily average consumption in gallons . 985,396


Water, daily pumping capacity of engines in gallons 6,000,000


Water, number of fire hydrants .


642


Water, number of services in use 4,440


Water, number of miles of main laid . 93.6


1


1889


1888


1887


1886 ___ 20 208. _ Estimated


5


10


20


25


Number.


21.553.


21.105


20 656


1885 .19,759. _ State Census.


JAN.


FEB.


MAR.


=


APR.


MAY.


JUNE


JULY


AUG


SEPT.


OCT.


NOV.


DEG.


JAN.


FEB.


MAR.


APR.


MAY.


JUNE


JULY


AUG.


SEPT.


OCT.


NOV.


DEC.


JAN.


FEB.


MAR.


APR.


MAY.


JUNE


JULY


AUG.


SEPT.


OCT.


NOV


DEC.


JAN.


FEB.


MAR.


APR.


MAY.


JUNE


JULY


AUG.


SEPT.


DCT.


NOV.


DEC.


JAN.


FEB.


MAR


APR.


MAY.


1JUNE.


JULY.


AUG.


SEPT.


OCT.


NOV.


DEC.


JAN.


FEB.


MAR.


APR.


MAY


JUNE


JULY


AUG


SEPT.


OCT.


NOV


DEC.


AS REPORTED MONTHLY DURING THE LAST SIX YEARS, TOGETHER WITH RAINFALL ..


COMPARATIVE VIEW OF CASES OF DIPHTHERIA, SCARLET FEVER, AND TYPHOID FEVER IN NEWTON,


Typhoid Fever. Scarlet Fever. Diphtheria.


NEWTON


NET


1890 _24,379 ._ U.S.Census


POPULATION.


10


9


B


7


5


3


2


1


6


4


Inches.


1885


1886


1


A


1887


1888


1889


POPULATION


1890


3


TABLE I. Statement of Deaths by Months in each Ward.


WARDS.


-


N


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


Males.


Females.


January .


4


3


1


S


3


8


6


6


3


3


2


2


3


1


28


31


59


February


1


4


3


3


2


2


1


1


March


3


1


2


3


4


2


2


2


2


1


1


2


3


1


3


17


14


31


April


4


1


5


. .


2


.


4


1


.


1


1


2


1


.


2


00


12


30


June


1


2


1


.


3


19


37


July


1


5


5


5


5


3


3


2


1


2


4


1


2


2


2


1


17


14


00


September


2


1


3


3


1


1


25


October .


1


1


3


5


1


3


:


2


1


1


1


. .


.


9


16


25


November


1


4


1


4


1


1


2


2


3


1


1


3


3


2


1


1


13


17


30


December


1


6


2


40


40


25


28


21


21


21


24


19


21


11


11


172


182


354


Totals


35


37


·


NEWTON


MASS.


NEWTON,


FREE


BRARY.


.


.


. .


. .


1


1


.


00


9


17


May


6


3


3


2


13


12


25


2


1


. .


.


.


3


5


.


.


1


2


3


1


:


7


16


23


2


3


. .


. .


.


:


14


-1


21


2


3


.


·


. .


. .


2


2


1


3


1


2


. .


3


August


10


15


1


4


4


1


3


. .


.


.


.


Aggregate


.


72


80


53


42


45


40


22


354


4


5


6


V


Total.


Aggre- gate.


W


.


1


2


1


3


.


6


00


2


36


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


TABLE II. Comparative View of the Causes of Death during the Year 1890.


5


10


15


20


25


30


35


40


Pneumonia


32


Heart Disease


31


Phthisis ( Consumption) .


28


Old Age


18


Cholera Infantum 16


Bronchitis


13


Cancers


13


Brain Diseases


11


Nephritis( Bright's Disease) 10


Apoplexy


9


Diphtheria


8


Enteritis


8


Liver Diseases


S


Meningitis


8


Paralysis .


8


Premature Birth


8


Marasmus


7


Convulsions


6


Accidents


5


Fever, Typhoid


5


Debility, General


4


Intestinal Obstruction


4


Meningitis, Tubercular


4


Two diseases . . each 3


Three diseases


66


3


Four diseases .


66


2


Eight diseases


66


2


Five diseases .


1


Twenty-eight diseases


66


1


Deaths from Zymotic Diseases.


Deaths from Other Diseases.


37


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


TABLE III.


Causes of Death in each Month as Registered by the City Clerk, Arranged Alphabetically in Classes.


DISEASES.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


I. ZYMOTIC.


Alcoholism .


Cholera Infantuni


Cholera Morbus .


1


Croup, Membranous


1


Diarrhea


Diphtheria


1


8


Dysentery


Erysipelas


Fever, Malarial


Fever, Typhoid


Influenza


1


1


1


Septicamia .


Whooping Cough


1


1 1


1


1


II. CONSTITUTIONAL.


Cancer of Bowels


Cancer of Breast .


Cancer of the Face


Cancer of Liver & Pancreas


Cancer of Pylorus


1


Cancer of Rectum


1


1


Cancer of Stomach


1


.


Dropsy .


Hydrocephalus


Marasmus


1


1


1


1 1


1


1


4


Phthisis (Consumption) Rheumatism


6


3


1


3


2


1


·2


28


Tuberculosis


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


2 3


III. LOCAL.


NERVOUS.


Apoplexy


Ataxia Locomotor


Brain, Congestion of


1


2


Brain, Paralysis of


1


1


Cerebral Thrombosis


1


1


1


1


1 1


1


1


6


Meningitis


1


1


1


1


1 2


8 8


Paralysis


1


1


1


1


CIRCULATORY.


Endocarditis


1


1


1


1


Heart, Dilation of


Heart, Disease of


1


6


21


Heart Failure


1


1


Heart, Mitral Stenosis of


Ileart, Paralysis of


1


Heart, Rheumatism of


1


Pericarditis .


1


-


-


-


1


1


-


1


-


-


1


1


1


1


1


10


5 2


Pyxmia


1


1


1


1


1


1


2


1


7


Meningitis, Tubercular


1


2


1


1


1


1


1


1


I


1


3


2


Brain, Tumor of .


1


1


1


Convulsions .


1


1


1


1 2 2


Cancer (not stated)


1


1


3 2


1


INI 1


1


1


I


1 00 1


1 1


1


1


4


1


2


1


1


2


1 16


2


3


1


1


-


1


2


1


2


Brain, Disease of


Brain, IIemorrhage of


1


1


38


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


TABLE III. - Continued.


DISEASES.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


RESPIRATORY


Bronchitis


Emphysema .


Empyema


Larynx, Stenosis of


(Edema of Lungs


1


2


DIGESTIVE.


Bowels, Intussusception of


Enteritis


Fistula .


Gastritis


Hemorrhage Intestinal


Hernia, Strangulated .


Intestinal Obstruction


1


1


1


4


Liver, Abscess of


Liver, Atrophy of


Liver, Cirrhosis of


Liver, Congestion of .


Liver, Disease of .


Liver, Inflammation of


Peritonitis


1


1


1


3


Perityphlitis


1


1


1


1


Stomach, Stricture of .


1


MISCELLANEOUS.


Cystitis .


Fibroma


1


Hemorrhage .


Impetigo Syphilitica


Nephritis (Bright's Disease)


1


Pelvis, Abscess of


Uræmia


1


1


1


1


1


1


1 2


IV. DEVELOPMENTAL.


Asthenia, Congenital .


Atelectasis


1


Birth, Difficult


1


Debility, General


Deficiency, Congenital


1


1


1


Eclampsia


Exhaustion


Inanition


Mal-nutrition


Natural Causes


Old Age


Premature Birth


Spina Bifida .


1


1


1


1


V. VIOLENT.


Accident, Carriage


1


I


1


1


1


1


Accident, Fall


Accident, Railroad


1


Drowning


Femur, Fracture of


1


1


Shot-gun Wound


Suicide, Pistol Shot


1


-


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


3


1


I


1


I


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


3


1


I


1


1


1


-


1


1


1


1


1


2


1


I


1


1


1


1


1


1


2


2


1


I-NI


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


4


1


1


1


1


1


18


1


1


3


1


3


1


1


1


1


1


13


1


1


1


Pneumonia .


13


1


1


1


1


2


10


LINIT-I


I


1


1


1


39


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


TABLE III. - Concluded.


DISEASES.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


SUMMARY.


Zymotic


7


2


1


1


1


16


1


4


2


2


48


Constitutional


11


5


5


3


3


3


3


6


6


7


3


6


61


Local .


30


13


12


15


16


9


14


12 3


13 *


9


14


17


174


Violent .


2


1


2


1


1


.


-


-


-


1


1


11


Total


58


23


20


29


24


16


27


37


28


24


22


28


336


Still-born


1


-


1


2


1


1


3


3


1


3


2


18


Aggregate


59


23


21


31


25


17


30


31


25


25


30


354


-


8


2


1


3


3


5


4


2


2


42


Developmental


40


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


TABLE IV. Deaths During the Year 1890, by Sex, Condition, Color, Nativity, Parentage, and Months.


JANUARY.


FEBRUARY.


MARCH.


APRIL.


MAY.


JUNE.


JULY.


AUGUST.


SEPTEMBER.


OCTOBER.


NOVEMBER.


DECEMBER.


TOTAL.


Total Deaths


59


23


21


31


25


17


30


37


31


25


25


30


354


SEX :


Males .


28


6


14


17


12


S


18


18


17


10


9


14


171


Females


31


17


7


14


13


9


12


19


14


15


16


16


183


CONDITION :


Single .


24


14


12


18


14


5


24


16


14


14


12


183


Married


22


5


8


9


5


7


16 11


9


9


5


4


17


111


Widows


12


1


1


3


4


4


2


2


5


4


6


1


48


Widowers


1


. .


1


1


1


1


2


1


2


1


. .


11


Unknown


1


COLOR :


White .


58


23


20


30


24


15


28


36


30


25


25


30


344


Colored


1


. .


1


1


1


2


2


1


1


. .


. .


10


NATIVITY :


Newton


18


7


S


14


9


4


12


23 6


12 6


10 8


6 7


7


88


Other States


5


2


4


2


3


3


5


5


2


6


5


42


England


1


14


3


7


4


6


4


6


3


7


4


2


4


64


Scotland


1


Germany


British America


1


3


4


3


3


18


Other Countries


.


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


.


. .


Unknown


1


..


. .


. .


. .


.


.


. .


. .


PARENTAGE :


America


24


6


11


11


7


14


15


10


12


145


England


1


1


1


6


Ireland


23


8


7


6


10


9


10


8


5


11


109


Scotland


. .


.


. .


2


Germany


British America


2


6


1


3


2


1


2


2


2


3


2


29


Other Countries


.


..


.


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


. .


2


Mixed


46


Unknown


2


2


1 1


6 2


2 1


. .


1 2 1


9 2


. .


. .


1


12


5


6


6


8


Massachusetts


19


8


2


.


. .


. .


1


1


. .


3


Ireland


1


. .


. .


.


. .


. .


1


.


2


1 3


1


.


1


. .


. .


3


.


1


1


. .


15 1


12 2


. .


·


. .


2


. .


1


1


3


4


2


5


4


.


1


.


..


. .


.


..


11


134


. .


.


1


2


.


TABLE V.


Mortality arranged by Classes for the last Six Years, together with Percentages to Total Mor- tality and Rate per 1000 Inhabitants.


1890.


1889.


1888.


1887.


1886.


1885.


CLASSES.


Percentage of


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of


Deaths to


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 In-


habitants.


Zymotic


48


13.56


1.97


70


21.67


3.25


51


14.82


2.42


49 15.26


2 37


34 12.36


1.68


36


13.14


1.82


Constitutional


61


17.23


2.50


59


18.27


2.74


56


16.28


2.65


51 15.89


2.47


53 19.28


2.62


63


22.99


3.19


Local .


174


49.15


7.14


130


40.25


6.03


174


50.58


158


49.22


7 65


119


43.27


5.80


114| 41.61


5.77


Developmental . .


42


11.87


1.72


36


11.15


1.67


39


11.34


1.85


37| 11.53


1.79


39


14.18


1.93


33


12 04


1.67


Violent


11


3.11


0.45


14


4.33


0.65


10


2.91


0.47


15


4.67


0.73


6


2.18


0.30


10


3.65


0.51


Total


3 36


94.92


13.78


309


95.67


14.34


330


95.93


15.64


310


96.57


15.01


251


91.27


12.42


256


93.43


12.96


Still-born


.


.


18


5.08


0.74


14


4.33


0.65


14


4.07


0.66


11 3.43


0.53


24


8.73


1.19


18 6.57


0.91


Aggregate


354


·


14.52


323


14.99


344


.


16.30


321


15.54 275


. .


13.61


274 .


13.87


.


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


41


Number.


Deaths to


habitants.


habitants.


habitants.


Number.


Deaths to


habitants.


Number.


Deaths to


habitants.


Number.


Number.


Number.


.


.


.


. .


8.25


42


TABLE VI. Total of Deaths, Still-births, and Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, for Six Years with Percentages.


YEARS.


Total Deaths exclusive of


Still-births.


Still-births.


Total Mortality.


Rate per 1000 Inhabitants


Rate of Still-births per


Total Rate per 1000 In-


Percentage of Still-births


Diphtheria and Croup.


Scarlet Fever.


Typhoid Fever.


Cerebro - Spinal Menin-


Whooping Cough.


Diarrheal Diseases.


Small-pox.


Other Zymotics.


Total Zymotics.


Percentage of Zymotic


Deaths to Total Mor-


Population.


1890


336


18


354


13.78


0.74


14.52


5.08


10


0


5


0


2


0


22


0


9


48


13.56


24,379


1889


.


309


14


323


14.34


0.65


14.99


4.33


40


1


13


0


1


0


10


0


5


70


21.67


21,553


1888


330


14


344


15.64


0.66


16.30


4.07


10


2


11


1


2


-


16


0


00


51


14.82


21,105


1887


310


11


321


15.01


0.53


15.54


3.43


6


1


7


0


0


3


22


0


10


49


15 26


20,656


1886


251


24


275


12.42


1.19


13.61


8.73


4


2


6


0


2


0


16


0


4


34


12.36


20,208


1885


.


256


00


274


12.96


0.91


13.87


6.57


00


3


7


0


0


5


12


0


6


36


13.14


19,759


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


exclusive of Still-births.


1000 Inhabitants.


habitants.


to Total Mortality.


gitis.


Measles.


tality.


·


.


.


TABLE VII. Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, with Yearly Percentages to Total Mortality for Six Years.


4


Total Deaths from each


Cause.


tants.


M.


F.


M.


F.


Total Deaths under Five


Percentages of each cause


under Five Years to


Total Mortality.


1890.


1889.


1888.


1887.


1886.


1885.


Alcoholism


1


.041


1


.


. .


..


.28


31


.31


.73


.36


Cholera Infantum .


16


657


10


6


10


6


16


4.52


4.52


2.89


2.33


4.36


4.36


3.28


Cholera Morbus


.


.


2


.082


1


1


1


1


2


57


.57


3.40 .31


.58


.62


.36


.36


Croup, Membranous


.


.


8


.328


2


6


1


3


4


1.13


2.26


8.98


1.16 2.33


1.25


1.09


.73


Dysentery


1


041


1


1


..


. .


. .


..


.58


.31


.73


1.10


Fever, Scarlet


1.41


4.02


3.20


2.18


2.18


2.56


Influenza


2


.082


1


1


1


1


.28


.57


. .


. .


.


.


.


. .


29


.94


1.83


Measles


.


· ·


.


.


.


..


.


.29


..


. .


·


Purpura Hem.


. .


. .


.


.


. .


. .


. .


.29


.31


.


..


Septicæmia


Co


.123


. .


..


1


1


.28


.85


.31


.58


..


. .


Whooping Cough


10


.082


2


.


·


.57


.57


.31


.58


.


..


Other Causes


. .


.


..


. .


.


. .


..


. .


..


.94


.36


1.11


Total


18


1.969


2.4


24


17


28


7.92


13.57


21.67


14.82


15.26


12.36


13.14


.


082


..


2


·


.


..


. .


.57


1.16


2.49


. .


.93


. .


..


.


· .


.


.


. .


..


Fever, Typhoid


.205


2


.


.


.


Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal


.36


Pyæmia


1


.041


. .


.


.


..


.28


.62


29


.31


.36


Fever, Malarial


1


041


3


. .


.


2


.57


.85


Diarrhoea


3


.123


.31


1.46


.36


Diphtheria


.


1


.041


·


1


. .


.


. .


.28


. .


REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.


Percentage of each cause to Total Mortality.


Total Deaths by Sex.


Deaths per 1000 Inhabi-


Total Deaths by Sex under Five Years.


Years.


. .


.28


.


1.16


Erysipelas


.28


.31


.31


..


1


3


36


.


.


.73


2


.


43


. .


. .


2


.73


2


44


TABLE VIII. - Deaths from Nineteen of the Principal Causes.


Total Deaths from


each cause.


Percentage of each


cause to Total


Deaths per 1000 In-


habitants.


Total Deaths by Sex.


Total Deaths by Sex under five years.


Total Deaths under


Percentage of each


cause under five years


to Total Mortality.


Male


Female


Male


Female


Pneumonia


32


9.04


1.31


15


17


1


6


1.70


Heart Diseases


31


8.76


1.27


16


15


..


3


3


.85


Phthisis (Consumption)


28


7.91


1.15


9


19


Old Age


18


5.09


.74


=


7


.


..


.


Cholera Infantum


16


4.52


.66


10


6


10


6


16


4.52


Bronchitis


13


3.67


.53


8


5


5


2


7


1.98


Cancers


13


3.67


.53


3


10


:


·


. .


Brain Diseases


11


3.11


.45


3


8


1


1


2


.57


Nephritis (Bright's Disease)


10


2.83


.41


3


7


. .


. .


. .


. .


Apoplexy


9


2.54


.37


1


8


.


.


. .


Diphtheria


8


2.26


33


2


6


1


3


4


1.13


Enteritis


8


2.26


33


4


4


3


3


6


1.70


Liver Diseases


8


2.26


.33


1


7


. .


.


. .


Meningitis


S


.33


4


1


2


2


4


1.13


Paralysis


8


2.26


.33


4


1


·


·


.


Premature Birth


8


2.26


.33


4


1


4


4


8


2.26


Marasmus


1.98


.29


3


4


3


3


6


1 70


Convulsions


6


1.70


.25


1


2


4


6


1.70


Typhoid Fever




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