USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1890 > Part 11
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This drainage question is becoming more prominent every year and deserves attention at the same time with the sewerage question. The territory of Newton presents large tracts of swampy soil along the Charles river, and bordering various ponds and brooks. The Board has received many communications with reference to these sections and have taken measures for the relief and betterment of the land in several instances. The City Council has provided for the improved drainage of the Mague meadows. The lands adjoining the upper end of Bullough's pond are in pressing need of relief as soon as money can be appropriated and the plans determined. The thorough and complete drainage of malarial districts will require much time and money in the near future, and adjacent towns will need to combine or co-operate in this work to insure the banishment of this disease from our borders.
Night-Soil.
The work of removing night-soil and emptying cesspools has been done by the contractor, so far as this Board is aware of. in a perfectly satisfactory manner. Scarcely a complaint has been made during the year to this Board, and in the very few exceptions the complainants became satisfied that the work had been faithfully done. In only one instance
25
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
has the reverse of this seemed true, and then the report came to the Board so long after the work was done that no inves- tigation could be satisfactorily made. In this case there was probably carelessness on the part of the men performing the work, so that passers-by were annoyed. The contractor has evidently tried to be prompt and efficient, and all requests from this Board have been carefully looked after and given precedence when necessary.
Plumbing.
Scarcely anything different from what has already been given in these reports can be said at the present time. The inspection of plumbing in new houses has been carried for- ward in the same manner as heretofore. In one house at Eliot the plumber (not a Newton man) evidently did his best to "skin " the work and get the better of the inspector. In this, however, he failed, and his efforts in this direction must have cost him more than it would to have done a good straight-forward piece of work in the first place.
Early in the year a hearing was given to the Pike Manufacturing Co., upon their petition to be allowed to introduce their system of plumbing and ventilation into Newton. By their system they claim that it is not necessary to ventilate the trap of each fixture, provided it is situated within ten feet of the main stack. After listening to all the testimony in favor and against, the Board decided that it was not advisable to grant the petition, but to require that all traps shall be vented as specified in the rules.
The sanitary examination of houses has been frequently called for by our citizens and by physicians, and in every case the request has been cheerfully granted, and as far as pos- sible peppermint tests have been made to determine whether any leaks existed or not. Poor pan closets, with receivers or back of bowls coated with deposits of focal and other filth, wood-work and trays saturated with urine, unvented
26
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
goose-neck traps forming scarcely any protection at all, with an occasional faulty designing, put in before plumbers were ' very expert in sanitary knowledge, have been the usual defects. Ordinarily a simple request from this Board is sufficient to correct the trouble, but occasionally more strin- gent measures have to be adopted. The near approach of sewerage will require a thorough overhauling of much of the old plumbing now in. The greater part of that put in since the fall of 1885 will undoubtedly be found to be satis- factory.
Sewerage.
It is with a great feeling of relief that the Board con- templates the progress that has been made toward the introduction of sewers. The construction of overflow cesspools and blind drains, and the adoption of various other expedients to remedy existing evils, will be done away with. These are in themselves an evil to be greatly deplored, and have been recommended only because of two evils it was wiser to choose the least, and prevent so far as possible the introduc- tion or spread of any epidemic disease. As fast as the sewers are built and put into use, and entrances can be made, it will be the province of this Board to adopt methods and means to correct some of the evils which naturally arise from the cesspool system. The Metropolitan Commission are pushing the construction of the trunk sewer as rapidly as possible, and it is now nearly completed as far as Cottage Farm. The Commissioners at first stated that the main sewer would not be completed until the summer or fall of 1892. But repeated visits of His Honor the Mayor, and the committee on sewerage from the City Council, together with those from members of this Board and others, have so impressed the Commissioners with the desirability and necessity of pushing the work that they have agreed that the main sewer shall be constructed, as far as Newton at least, by the first of January,
27
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
1892. As the action taken by the City Council looking to the putting in of local branches has been so recent, and as there is yet considerable to be done in the way of legislation, it is entirely unnecessary for us to go into details at the present time. It only remains for us to add our official testimony, so often repeated, as to the immediate necessity of sewerage, and to request that the construction of the sewers be carried on as expeditiously as possible. At the same time, without raising any unnecessary fears, we ought to call attention to the fact that this wholesale opening up and dis- turbance of our streets and lands may be liable to cause during that time a decided increase in diseases dangerous to the public health, erysipelas and the like. This has been the experience, we think, of nearly all places substituting the water carriage system for the cesspool. Should it prove that our anticipations are groundless we should be very glad. We do not state this for the purpose of throwing any obstacles in the way of the work, but only for the purpose of impressing upon our citizens the greater need of care in looking after their premises and their own general and personal health during this transition period.
Sterilized Milk.
As bacteriology has shown that human milk, as it comes from the breast, is absolutely sterile, and that cow's milk kept from twelve to twenty-four hours is full of bacteria, we understand why the latter so often disagrees with the infant.
Prolonged boiling sterilizes or destroys the germs in milk, but produces changes on contact with air, such as the formation of a scum of coagulated serum, albumen and fat ; also, according to chemists, expels about three per cent. of carbonie dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen, and leaves a flat taste in the product. Unless the milk is hermetically sealed fresh germs get into it and the good effects of sterilization are lost.
28
REPORT OP BOARD OF HEALTH.
The method of sterilizing by steam is more thorough and complete than that by boiling water. This can be obtained by using an Arnold steam cooker or a double boiler. The germs may be afterwards excluded by plugging the bottle or can with cotton, or by the use of a perforated rubber stopper, sealed by a glass plug. A bottle that will stand heat is essential as well as a sure method of stoppling after the process is completed. The bottles of milk closed by cotton plugs can be heated in an ordinary oven.
The germs increase with great rapidity, some of them doubling in half an hour, so sterilization must be early. Contamination occurs first in milking, then in storage and transfer -- all along being accessible, with the ordinary meth- ods of care, to the germs of putrefaction and disease. Simplicity and economy are important in connection with sterilization, as the necessity of this procedure is greatest among the poor and inefficient.
Pasteur proposed to heat milk to 140 ° or 176 º F. and then rapidly cool it to 46 ° or 50 º F., the higher tempera- ture being fatal to most fermentation germs, and the rapid chilling of it avoids the multiplication which takes place in warm milk of any that might escape.
To completely sterilize milk on a large scale is impracti- cable, but it can be chilled in a refrigerator, and this has great effect in retarding the souring process. The large dairy companies in London require their dairymen to chill all the milk furnished, and this milk remains twenty-four hours longer unchanged than the best milk near the city which has not been chilled, and in which the early rising of the cream-the first sign of change-is mistaken for greater richness in the unchilled milk.
The requirements which ought to be exacted of milk producers are : -
1. A competent inspection at stated intervals of the herd, that no diseased milk enter the supply sold.
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH. 29
2. Careful and incessant cleanliness to exclude hay dust and other dirt from the hide of the cow or hands of the milker, from imperfectly cleansed vessels, from air, or from contamination of impure water.
3. The receptacles of milk to have been well cleansed for some time with hot water and steam.
4. To be well covered, cooled, and constantly kept at a low temperature.
Members.
The beginning of the year saw several important changes in the membership of the Board. During the latter part of 1889 Dr. Frisbie and Mr. Fuller, who had been members of the Board since its organization in 1885, felt that they had done all that could be reasonably asked of them as public minded citizens, and as their private business would have to suffer from a further continuance on the Board, they sent their resignations to His Honor to take effect Jan. 1, 1890. Dr. Frisbie and Mr. Fuller had been thoroughly identified with the work of the Board, and much of its success is due to their faithful and unselfish efforts in behalf of their fellow citizens. They retired from the Board with the regrets and best wishes for the future on the part of those with whom they had been associated.
Dr. Frisbie consented to serve until such time as the Mayor should succeed in finding some one to fill his place. He accordingly retained his membership until May. Dr. Baker was appointed to fill the vacancy.
Alderman Bond was appointed as the Aldermanic rep- resentative on the Board, and became a valuable and efficient member. Councilman Hall was selected to take the place which had been held by Mr. Wiswall. His prompt and constant attendance, together with his zeal and devotion, has made him one of the most energetic members of the Board.
Mr. Wiswall having become familiar with the work of
1
30
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
the Board through his previous connection therewith, was induced by His Honor the Mayor to accept the place made vacant by the retirement of Mr. Fuller, and the Board was indeed fortunate in securing the services of one so familiar with the duties of the office.
Acknowledgments.
It again becomes our pleasant duty to acknowledge the many courtesies received from His Honor the Mayor, the members of the City Council, the heads of the different departments, the members of the police force, who are always ready to aid in the work of sanitary policing, the Boston Board of Health, and many others, for which the Board return their sincere thanks.
Respectfully submitted,
For the Board of Health,
WM. S. FRENCH, Clerk.
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS AND OTHER STATISTICS.
Population, U. S. census, 1890
24,379
Death rate per 1,000 in 1890
14.52
Area of city in acres
11,600
Area of parks in acres
60
Gas, miles of mains laid
56
Gas, capacity of holders in cubic feet
370,000
Lights, number of electric (arc 76 )
507
Lights, number of gas
785
Lights, number of oil
157
Number of churches .
34
Number of dwellings
4,150
Number of volumes in public libraries
37,000
Number of public schools .
21
Number of pupils attending
3,973
Number of teachers .
111
Number of private schools .
20
Railways, miles of steam
12.5
Railways, miles of street
3
Streets, average width of main
. 50 to 70 ft.
Streets, miles of accepted .
111
Streets, miles of unaccepted
30
Streets, miles of graveled .
91
Streets, miles of macadamized
50
Streets, miles of concrete sidewalks
48
incandescent 431
32
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
Streets, miles of graveled sidewalks 61
Telephones, number of, in use by citizens 375
Telephones, number of, controlled by city . 50
Water, capacity of reservoir in gallons . 15,000,000
Water, daily average consumption in gallons . 985,396
Water, daily pumping capacity of engines in gallons 6,000,000
Water, number of fire hydrants .
642
Water, number of services in use 4,440
Water, number of miles of main laid . 93.6
1
1889
1888
1887
1886 ___ 20 208. _ Estimated
5
10
20
25
Number.
21.553.
21.105
20 656
1885 .19,759. _ State Census.
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
=
APR.
MAY.
JUNE
JULY
AUG
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV.
DEG.
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
APR.
MAY.
JUNE
JULY
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV.
DEC.
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
APR.
MAY.
JUNE
JULY
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV
DEC.
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
APR.
MAY.
JUNE
JULY
AUG.
SEPT.
DCT.
NOV.
DEC.
JAN.
FEB.
MAR
APR.
MAY.
1JUNE.
JULY.
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV.
DEC.
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
APR.
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUG
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV
DEC.
AS REPORTED MONTHLY DURING THE LAST SIX YEARS, TOGETHER WITH RAINFALL ..
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF CASES OF DIPHTHERIA, SCARLET FEVER, AND TYPHOID FEVER IN NEWTON,
Typhoid Fever. Scarlet Fever. Diphtheria.
NEWTON
NET
1890 _24,379 ._ U.S.Census
POPULATION.
10
9
B
7
5
3
2
1
6
4
Inches.
1885
1886
1
A
1887
1888
1889
POPULATION
1890
3
TABLE I. Statement of Deaths by Months in each Ward.
WARDS.
-
N
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
January .
4
3
1
S
3
8
6
6
3
3
2
2
3
1
28
31
59
February
1
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
March
3
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
17
14
31
April
4
1
5
. .
2
.
4
1
.
1
1
2
1
.
2
00
12
30
June
1
2
1
.
3
19
37
July
1
5
5
5
5
3
3
2
1
2
4
1
2
2
2
1
17
14
00
September
2
1
3
3
1
1
25
October .
1
1
3
5
1
3
:
2
1
1
1
. .
.
9
16
25
November
1
4
1
4
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
13
17
30
December
1
6
2
40
40
25
28
21
21
21
24
19
21
11
11
172
182
354
Totals
35
37
·
NEWTON
MASS.
NEWTON,
FREE
BRARY.
.
.
. .
. .
1
1
.
00
9
17
May
6
3
3
2
13
12
25
2
1
. .
.
.
3
5
.
.
1
2
3
1
:
7
16
23
2
3
. .
. .
.
:
14
-1
21
2
3
.
·
. .
. .
2
2
1
3
1
2
. .
3
August
10
15
1
4
4
1
3
. .
.
.
.
Aggregate
.
72
80
53
42
45
40
22
354
4
5
6
V
Total.
Aggre- gate.
W
.
1
2
1
3
.
6
00
2
36
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
TABLE II. Comparative View of the Causes of Death during the Year 1890.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Pneumonia
32
Heart Disease
31
Phthisis ( Consumption) .
28
Old Age
18
Cholera Infantum 16
Bronchitis
13
Cancers
13
Brain Diseases
11
Nephritis( Bright's Disease) 10
Apoplexy
9
Diphtheria
8
Enteritis
8
Liver Diseases
S
Meningitis
8
Paralysis .
8
Premature Birth
8
Marasmus
7
Convulsions
6
Accidents
5
Fever, Typhoid
5
Debility, General
4
Intestinal Obstruction
4
Meningitis, Tubercular
4
Two diseases . . each 3
Three diseases
66
3
Four diseases .
66
2
Eight diseases
66
2
Five diseases .
1
Twenty-eight diseases
66
1
Deaths from Zymotic Diseases.
Deaths from Other Diseases.
37
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
TABLE III.
Causes of Death in each Month as Registered by the City Clerk, Arranged Alphabetically in Classes.
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
I. ZYMOTIC.
Alcoholism .
Cholera Infantuni
Cholera Morbus .
1
Croup, Membranous
1
Diarrhea
Diphtheria
1
8
Dysentery
Erysipelas
Fever, Malarial
Fever, Typhoid
Influenza
1
1
1
Septicamia .
Whooping Cough
1
1 1
1
1
II. CONSTITUTIONAL.
Cancer of Bowels
Cancer of Breast .
Cancer of the Face
Cancer of Liver & Pancreas
Cancer of Pylorus
1
Cancer of Rectum
1
1
Cancer of Stomach
1
.
Dropsy .
Hydrocephalus
Marasmus
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
4
Phthisis (Consumption) Rheumatism
6
3
1
3
2
1
·2
28
Tuberculosis
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 3
III. LOCAL.
NERVOUS.
Apoplexy
Ataxia Locomotor
Brain, Congestion of
1
2
Brain, Paralysis of
1
1
Cerebral Thrombosis
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
6
Meningitis
1
1
1
1
1 2
8 8
Paralysis
1
1
1
1
CIRCULATORY.
Endocarditis
1
1
1
1
Heart, Dilation of
Heart, Disease of
1
6
21
Heart Failure
1
1
Heart, Mitral Stenosis of
Ileart, Paralysis of
1
Heart, Rheumatism of
1
Pericarditis .
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
10
5 2
Pyxmia
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
7
Meningitis, Tubercular
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
3
2
Brain, Tumor of .
1
1
1
Convulsions .
1
1
1
1 2 2
Cancer (not stated)
1
1
3 2
1
INI 1
1
1
I
1 00 1
1 1
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
2
1 16
2
3
1
1
-
1
2
1
2
Brain, Disease of
Brain, IIemorrhage of
1
1
38
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
TABLE III. - Continued.
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
RESPIRATORY
Bronchitis
Emphysema .
Empyema
Larynx, Stenosis of
(Edema of Lungs
1
2
DIGESTIVE.
Bowels, Intussusception of
Enteritis
Fistula .
Gastritis
Hemorrhage Intestinal
Hernia, Strangulated .
Intestinal Obstruction
1
1
1
4
Liver, Abscess of
Liver, Atrophy of
Liver, Cirrhosis of
Liver, Congestion of .
Liver, Disease of .
Liver, Inflammation of
Peritonitis
1
1
1
3
Perityphlitis
1
1
1
1
Stomach, Stricture of .
1
MISCELLANEOUS.
Cystitis .
Fibroma
1
Hemorrhage .
Impetigo Syphilitica
Nephritis (Bright's Disease)
1
Pelvis, Abscess of
Uræmia
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2
IV. DEVELOPMENTAL.
Asthenia, Congenital .
Atelectasis
1
Birth, Difficult
1
Debility, General
Deficiency, Congenital
1
1
1
Eclampsia
Exhaustion
Inanition
Mal-nutrition
Natural Causes
Old Age
Premature Birth
Spina Bifida .
1
1
1
1
V. VIOLENT.
Accident, Carriage
1
I
1
1
1
1
Accident, Fall
Accident, Railroad
1
Drowning
Femur, Fracture of
1
1
Shot-gun Wound
Suicide, Pistol Shot
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
I
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
I
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
I-NI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
18
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
13
1
1
1
Pneumonia .
13
1
1
1
1
2
10
LINIT-I
I
1
1
1
39
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
TABLE III. - Concluded.
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
SUMMARY.
Zymotic
7
2
1
1
1
16
1
4
2
2
48
Constitutional
11
5
5
3
3
3
3
6
6
7
3
6
61
Local .
30
13
12
15
16
9
14
12 3
13 *
9
14
17
174
Violent .
2
1
2
1
1
.
-
-
-
1
1
11
Total
58
23
20
29
24
16
27
37
28
24
22
28
336
Still-born
1
-
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
3
2
18
Aggregate
59
23
21
31
25
17
30
31
25
25
30
354
-
8
2
1
3
3
5
4
2
2
42
Developmental
40
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
TABLE IV. Deaths During the Year 1890, by Sex, Condition, Color, Nativity, Parentage, and Months.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
Total Deaths
59
23
21
31
25
17
30
37
31
25
25
30
354
SEX :
Males .
28
6
14
17
12
S
18
18
17
10
9
14
171
Females
31
17
7
14
13
9
12
19
14
15
16
16
183
CONDITION :
Single .
24
14
12
18
14
5
24
16
14
14
12
183
Married
22
5
8
9
5
7
16 11
9
9
5
4
17
111
Widows
12
1
1
3
4
4
2
2
5
4
6
1
48
Widowers
1
. .
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
. .
11
Unknown
1
COLOR :
White .
58
23
20
30
24
15
28
36
30
25
25
30
344
Colored
1
. .
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
. .
. .
10
NATIVITY :
Newton
18
7
S
14
9
4
12
23 6
12 6
10 8
6 7
7
88
Other States
5
2
4
2
3
3
5
5
2
6
5
42
England
1
14
3
7
4
6
4
6
3
7
4
2
4
64
Scotland
1
Germany
British America
1
3
4
3
3
18
Other Countries
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
Unknown
1
..
. .
. .
. .
.
.
. .
. .
PARENTAGE :
America
24
6
11
11
7
14
15
10
12
145
England
1
1
1
6
Ireland
23
8
7
6
10
9
10
8
5
11
109
Scotland
. .
.
. .
2
Germany
British America
2
6
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
29
Other Countries
.
..
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
2
Mixed
46
Unknown
2
2
1 1
6 2
2 1
. .
1 2 1
9 2
. .
. .
1
12
5
6
6
8
Massachusetts
19
8
2
.
. .
. .
1
1
. .
3
Ireland
1
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
1
.
2
1 3
1
.
1
. .
. .
3
.
1
1
. .
15 1
12 2
. .
·
. .
2
. .
1
1
3
4
2
5
4
.
1
.
..
. .
.
..
11
134
. .
.
1
2
.
TABLE V.
Mortality arranged by Classes for the last Six Years, together with Percentages to Total Mor- tality and Rate per 1000 Inhabitants.
1890.
1889.
1888.
1887.
1886.
1885.
CLASSES.
Percentage of
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of
Deaths to
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 In-
habitants.
Zymotic
48
13.56
1.97
70
21.67
3.25
51
14.82
2.42
49 15.26
2 37
34 12.36
1.68
36
13.14
1.82
Constitutional
61
17.23
2.50
59
18.27
2.74
56
16.28
2.65
51 15.89
2.47
53 19.28
2.62
63
22.99
3.19
Local .
174
49.15
7.14
130
40.25
6.03
174
50.58
158
49.22
7 65
119
43.27
5.80
114| 41.61
5.77
Developmental . .
42
11.87
1.72
36
11.15
1.67
39
11.34
1.85
37| 11.53
1.79
39
14.18
1.93
33
12 04
1.67
Violent
11
3.11
0.45
14
4.33
0.65
10
2.91
0.47
15
4.67
0.73
6
2.18
0.30
10
3.65
0.51
Total
3 36
94.92
13.78
309
95.67
14.34
330
95.93
15.64
310
96.57
15.01
251
91.27
12.42
256
93.43
12.96
Still-born
.
.
18
5.08
0.74
14
4.33
0.65
14
4.07
0.66
11 3.43
0.53
24
8.73
1.19
18 6.57
0.91
Aggregate
354
·
14.52
323
14.99
344
.
16.30
321
15.54 275
. .
13.61
274 .
13.87
.
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
41
Number.
Deaths to
habitants.
habitants.
habitants.
Number.
Deaths to
habitants.
Number.
Deaths to
habitants.
Number.
Number.
Number.
.
.
.
. .
8.25
42
TABLE VI. Total of Deaths, Still-births, and Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, for Six Years with Percentages.
YEARS.
Total Deaths exclusive of
Still-births.
Still-births.
Total Mortality.
Rate per 1000 Inhabitants
Rate of Still-births per
Total Rate per 1000 In-
Percentage of Still-births
Diphtheria and Croup.
Scarlet Fever.
Typhoid Fever.
Cerebro - Spinal Menin-
Whooping Cough.
Diarrheal Diseases.
Small-pox.
Other Zymotics.
Total Zymotics.
Percentage of Zymotic
Deaths to Total Mor-
Population.
1890
336
18
354
13.78
0.74
14.52
5.08
10
0
5
0
2
0
22
0
9
48
13.56
24,379
1889
.
309
14
323
14.34
0.65
14.99
4.33
40
1
13
0
1
0
10
0
5
70
21.67
21,553
1888
330
14
344
15.64
0.66
16.30
4.07
10
2
11
1
2
-
16
0
00
51
14.82
21,105
1887
310
11
321
15.01
0.53
15.54
3.43
6
1
7
0
0
3
22
0
10
49
15 26
20,656
1886
251
24
275
12.42
1.19
13.61
8.73
4
2
6
0
2
0
16
0
4
34
12.36
20,208
1885
.
256
00
274
12.96
0.91
13.87
6.57
00
3
7
0
0
5
12
0
6
36
13.14
19,759
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
exclusive of Still-births.
1000 Inhabitants.
habitants.
to Total Mortality.
gitis.
Measles.
tality.
·
.
.
TABLE VII. Deaths from Zymotic Diseases, with Yearly Percentages to Total Mortality for Six Years.
4
Total Deaths from each
Cause.
tants.
M.
F.
M.
F.
Total Deaths under Five
Percentages of each cause
under Five Years to
Total Mortality.
1890.
1889.
1888.
1887.
1886.
1885.
Alcoholism
1
.041
1
.
. .
..
.28
31
.31
.73
.36
Cholera Infantum .
16
657
10
6
10
6
16
4.52
4.52
2.89
2.33
4.36
4.36
3.28
Cholera Morbus
.
.
2
.082
1
1
1
1
2
57
.57
3.40 .31
.58
.62
.36
.36
Croup, Membranous
.
.
8
.328
2
6
1
3
4
1.13
2.26
8.98
1.16 2.33
1.25
1.09
.73
Dysentery
1
041
1
1
..
. .
. .
..
.58
.31
.73
1.10
Fever, Scarlet
1.41
4.02
3.20
2.18
2.18
2.56
Influenza
2
.082
1
1
1
1
.28
.57
. .
. .
.
.
.
. .
29
.94
1.83
Measles
.
· ·
.
.
.
..
.
.29
..
. .
·
Purpura Hem.
. .
. .
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.29
.31
.
..
Septicæmia
Co
.123
. .
..
1
1
.28
.85
.31
.58
..
. .
Whooping Cough
10
.082
2
.
·
.57
.57
.31
.58
.
..
Other Causes
. .
.
..
. .
.
. .
..
. .
..
.94
.36
1.11
Total
18
1.969
2.4
24
17
28
7.92
13.57
21.67
14.82
15.26
12.36
13.14
.
082
..
2
·
.
..
. .
.57
1.16
2.49
. .
.93
. .
..
.
· .
.
.
. .
..
Fever, Typhoid
.205
2
.
.
.
Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal
.36
Pyæmia
1
.041
. .
.
.
..
.28
.62
29
.31
.36
Fever, Malarial
1
041
3
. .
.
2
.57
.85
Diarrhoea
3
.123
.31
1.46
.36
Diphtheria
.
1
.041
·
1
. .
.
. .
.28
. .
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
Percentage of each cause to Total Mortality.
Total Deaths by Sex.
Deaths per 1000 Inhabi-
Total Deaths by Sex under Five Years.
Years.
. .
.28
.
1.16
Erysipelas
.28
.31
.31
..
1
3
36
.
.
.73
2
.
43
. .
. .
2
.73
2
44
TABLE VIII. - Deaths from Nineteen of the Principal Causes.
Total Deaths from
each cause.
Percentage of each
cause to Total
Deaths per 1000 In-
habitants.
Total Deaths by Sex.
Total Deaths by Sex under five years.
Total Deaths under
Percentage of each
cause under five years
to Total Mortality.
Male
Female
Male
Female
Pneumonia
32
9.04
1.31
15
17
1
6
1.70
Heart Diseases
31
8.76
1.27
16
15
..
3
3
.85
Phthisis (Consumption)
28
7.91
1.15
9
19
Old Age
18
5.09
.74
=
7
.
..
.
Cholera Infantum
16
4.52
.66
10
6
10
6
16
4.52
Bronchitis
13
3.67
.53
8
5
5
2
7
1.98
Cancers
13
3.67
.53
3
10
:
·
. .
Brain Diseases
11
3.11
.45
3
8
1
1
2
.57
Nephritis (Bright's Disease)
10
2.83
.41
3
7
. .
. .
. .
. .
Apoplexy
9
2.54
.37
1
8
.
.
. .
Diphtheria
8
2.26
33
2
6
1
3
4
1.13
Enteritis
8
2.26
33
4
4
3
3
6
1.70
Liver Diseases
8
2.26
.33
1
7
. .
.
. .
Meningitis
S
.33
4
1
2
2
4
1.13
Paralysis
8
2.26
.33
4
1
·
·
.
Premature Birth
8
2.26
.33
4
1
4
4
8
2.26
Marasmus
1.98
.29
3
4
3
3
6
1 70
Convulsions
6
1.70
.25
1
2
4
6
1.70
Typhoid Fever
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