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Gc 975.2 M51 v.3 1744287
M. I
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02243 6411
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/menofmarkinmaryl03stei_0
Men of Mark in Maryland
Johnson's Makers of America Series Biographies of Leading Men of the State
- 3 V.3
VOLUME III
With an Introductory Chapter on Baltimore as a Manufacturing Center
By DAVID H. CARROLL and THOMAS G. BOGGS
Illustrated with Many Full Page Engravings
B. F. JOHNSON, Inc. Baltimore, Washington and Richmond 1911
840
-
1744287
MEN OF MARK IN MARYLAND
FOREWORD
The purpose of the publishers of this work has been to make a work of distinct biographic and, therefore, historic value. In the first volume appeared a prefactory article on "Maryland as Pro- prietary Province and State," by Doctor Bernard C. Steiner, Ph.D. In the second volume appeared an article on "The Growth of Mary- land," by Lynn R. Meekins, A. M. In the present volume appears "Baltimore as a Manufacturing Center," by Doctor David H. Car- roll and Thomas Boggs. These articles alone would give the work a great historic value, aside from the great number of complete sketches of leading men of the State-the men who have literally made the State.
The most casual investigation will show that these biographic sketches-brief as they of necessity are-cover more ground than any biographic work ever before put in the same compass, and this will make them in succeeding generations of immense value to future historians.
An earnest effort has been made to make each volume better than the preceding one. The first volume met with a most cor- dial reception. The concensus of opinion among our readers has been that the second volume was an improvement on the first. We believe all will agree that the third volume is an improvement on the second-and no labor will be spared to make the fourth, and last volume of the series an improvement on the third. In the final volume acknowledgment will be made to the numerous friends whose assistance has made this great work possible. As to the merits of the work when completed, the publishers are entirely willing to be judged by the work itself.
INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES
VOLUME I
Page
Page
Warfield Edwin. 27
Hemmeter, John C. 179
Ainslie, Peter. 31
Henderson, James B 185
Alvey, Richard H
34
Hoffman, Richard C 189
Avirett, John W 38
Hood, John M. 192
Baker, Bernard N. 45
Hook, Jacob W. 201
Baldwin, Charles W 48
Howard, William L 205
Baldwin, Summerfield. 53
Hubbard, Wilbur W 209
Bennett, Beniamin F
59
Huckel, Oliver 212
Hunt, German H. 219
Brewington, Marion B 46
Janney, Stuart S. 223
Bryan, William S., Sr
76
Jones, Spencer C 226
Bryan, William S., Jr 70
Carothers, Daniel D 75
Keyser, William 234
Carroll, David H 86
Latrobe, Ferdinand C. 241
Collins, William 83
.Culbreth, David M. R 96
Doll, Melville E. 93
Drum, Richard C 99
Elderdice, Hugh L 102
Mullan, Dennis W. 263
Fearhake, Adolphus 106
Fell, Thomas 108
Newcomer, Waldo 274
Foard, Norval E 113
Franklin, Walter S. 121
Frick, Frank 124
Fuchs, Carl G. O 131
Porter, William F. 286
Prettyman, Elijah B 291
Gail, George W., Sr
139
Purnell, Clayton. 293
Ritchie, Albert C 298
Rodgers, Frederick. 303
Rohrback, Jacob 306
Gildersleeve, Basil L 153
Gilman, Daniel C. 156
Gilpin, Henry B 160
Hagner, Alexander B 16-4
Hall, Clayton C. 171
Harris, William H 175
Levering, Eugene, 246
McCosker, Thomas 252
Miller, Theodore K. 256
Morgan, Francis O 260
Newcomer, Benjamin F 266
Oswald, George B. 278
Pearce, James A., Sr. 281
Pearce, James A., Jr 284
Gail, George W., Jr 140
Gary, Edward S. 146
Gibbons, James Cardinal. 149
Schley, Winfield S 310
Schultz, Edward T 317
Seth, Joseph B 320
Skinner, Harry G 327
Smith, Robert H. 330
Snowden, Wilton
334
.
Funk, Jacob J 135
Jefferys, Edward M. 224
Brown, Arthur G. 66
Keedy, Martin L 230
Bonaparte, Charles J. 63
INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES VOLUME II
Page
Page
Abell Family. 417
Hayne, Daniel H. 226
Ammidon, Daniel C. 127
Hendrick, Calvin W 389
Ammidon, John P 123
Hering, Joshua W 208
Ashby, Thomas A 101
Hill, Thomas 219
Bevan, Charles F
191
Hinkley, John. 165
Bigelow, William P 189
Hopkinson, B. Merrill R 334
Black, H. Crawford
331
Johnston, Christopher 76
Bloede, Victor G
232
Jones, J. Wynne 66
Bond, Duke.
327
Kelly, Howard A.
72
Bonsal, Leigh.
239
Kerr, Robert P 276
Bosley, William H.
149
Kinsolving, Arthur B 269
Clark, Ernest J.
251
Knott, A. Leo 403
Cordell, Eugene F
246
Knox, James H. M., Jr. 283
Coupland, Roberts S
153
Leary, Peter, Jr 35
Dame, William M 94
Levering, Joshua. 46
Davis, Jesse A. 195
Dickey, William A. 303
McConachie, Alexander D 86
Dunbar, William H 272
McCreary, George W 92
Duvall, Richard M
102
McLane, Allan. 138
Eccleston, J. Houston 130
Marburg, Theodore. 237
Edmonds, Richard H. 27
Mish, Frank W 222
Edmunds, James R 263
Farrow, J. Miles 158
Forsythe, William H., Jr 200
Friedenwald, Harry 198
Packard, Morrill N 255
Penrose, Clement A. 112
Garnett, James M 63
Platt, Walter B 292
Gary, James A. 135
Poe, Edgar Allan 177
Gill, Robert Lee 258
Gillett, George M. 278
Goddard, Henry P 205
Reese, David M. 306
Riggs, Clinton L 57
Rollins, Thornton. 110
Rosenau, William. 180
Rowland, Samuel C 294
Haines, Oakley P 168
Schroeder, Ernest C. 323
Hallwig, Paul 337
Poe, John P 172
Randolph, Robert Lee 1844
Gordon, Douglas H 61
Gottlieb, Frederick H 162
Greiner, John E. 40
Griffin, Edward H. 285
Moffat, James E. 215
Morrison, George C 243
Murray, Oscar G 375
Frost, William A. Crawford 120
Long, Charles Chaillé. 81
Stirling, Yates.
142
INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES VOLUME III
Page
Page
Abbott, Cornelius Webster
254
Adt, John Baptist. 324
Jones, Robert Morris. 251
Adkins, Elijah Stanton. 215
Kelly, John Joseph. 230
Kimble, John Haines
171
Baker, James Henry
264
Lamb, John George Michael 162
Baker, William Benjamin
63
Lloyd, Daniel Boone.
334
Mallory, Dwight Davidson. 383
McCormick, Alexander Hugh 85
Melvin, George Thomas. 307
Mohlhenrich, John George.
198
Nicodemus, John Luther 269
Orrick, Charles James.
136
Price, William James.
297
Redden, George Thomas. 273
Reese, James William 149
Riley, Elihu Samuel.
240
Roulette, Joseph Clinton.
88
Schwatka, John Bushrod. 156
Silvester, Richard William
373
Sisk, Albert Wesley 290
Simon, William. 72
Smith, Franklin Buchanan 321
Smith, John Walter 13
Tabb, John Bannister 355
Taylor, Jonathan Kirkbride.
331
Townsend, Walter Robey
126
Trail, Charles Bayard
100
Trail, Charles Edward 96
Warfield, S. Davies 24
Waters, Henry Jackson 205
Webb, Charles Albert
301
Wellington, George L.
224
Williams, Ferdinand.
167
Willson, Charles Carroll 362
Wright, Riley E
174
Young, James P.
341
Jackson, William Purnell.
106
Jeffrey, Elmore Berry 286
Bartlett, David Lewis
50
Baughman, Louis Victor
280
Birnie, Clotworthy.
364
Birnie, George Harry
368
Blake, George Augustus.
113
Bland, John Randolph
44
Bledsoe, John Francis.
79
Bond, James Alexander Chesley, 347
Bowyer, John Marshall.
153
Brashears, James Russell.
377
Charshee, Thomas Amos
209
Cockey, Joshua F
178
Creswell, John A. J
398
Cromwell, William Kennedy
130
Devecmon, William Coombs.
236
Dickey, Charles Herman
57
Dirickson, Edwin James.
386
Dohme, Albert Robert Louis
351
Epstein, Jacob.
392
Footer, Thomas. 188
Foster, Reuben.
66
Gisriel, William.
185
Gunby, Louis White
195
Hagerty, Oliver Parker
219
Harrison, Orlando
359
Henderson, Charles English
116
Holland, Charles Fisher
260
Holzshu, John Henry
247
Jackson, Elihu Emory
310
Zimmerman, Louis Seymour.
147
·
Allen, William Francis 143
Barber, Isaac Ambrose
277
3
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
ITS COMMANDING POSITION AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES
BY DAVID H. CARROLL AND THOMAS G. BOGGS
B ALTIMORE has long been called the Gateway to the South. This is true. But it is more than this. It occupies the same relation to a large portion of the Central West. Through it passes the vast commerce to and from abroad, which constantly grows. It is, in fact, one of the world's greatest commercial gateways.
Topography, as well as geography, play an important part in the making of this Gateway and Metropolis-lying as it does at the Crown of the Chesapeake and foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Its natural contributing territory-the entire South and the Ohio Valley States-is larger than that of any other city. The accessi- bility of Baltimore to these wealth producing fields is easier and greater than that of any other city on the Atlantic Coast. Someone has said: "The richest, and as yet but partially developed, storehouses of natural resources on the continent lie in the mountains of Pennsyl- vania, Maryland, the Virginias, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas. All avenues of transportation from these points lead to Baltimore. It has been said that within this ter- ritory 'is at least thirty times the natural wealth of Great Britain, and more than ten times the wealth that can be found in any other solid body of like area on the face of the earth.'"'
But this paper is to deal with Baltimore as a Manufacturing Center. Whatever the gifts of nature in raw material and advanta- geous geographical location, little value comes to the people unless they are utilized. When this is done then we have manufactures.
The essential elements to successful manufacturing are :
Ist. Close proximity to the raw material or cheap means of transportation of it to the factory.
11 460
4
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
2nd. Abundance of fuel and cheap power.
3rd. Shipping facilities of such a character as to enable the finished goods to reach the broadest fields of consumption (use).
4th. A contented laboring class, well housed and with sanitary conditions conducive to health; schools, parks and amusements.
5th. Liberal laws of taxation; the least possible cost on the necessary means of production whether on house, tools or energy. Put no tax upon industry that is not absolutely necessary to its share in the conduct of the State's affairs.
6th. Ceaseless activity on the part of manufacturers in making their goods known in the widest expanse of territory at home and abroad.
7th. Cooperation in securing what they need in the way of leg- islation, transportation, city facilities, in conjunction with all other business and civic interests.
In the first place, it is quite as important to Baltimore to encour- age and support our manufacturers who are now here, as it is to seek new ones now situated elsewhere. In a campaign, or in efforts to build up our industrial interests, those whom we seek to locate their plants in Balitmore, must see that our home people are pleased with the conditions here. These conditions must be made so attractive, especially in the point of taxation, that our own people will put their money into new industrial enterprises, particularly in small plants. The small manufacturer should be the object receiving a community's most zealous care. Like from the acorn the mighty oak does grow, so does the vast plant spring from the work-bench of the little shop.
Granting that Baltimore possesses these inducements or that it will by the cooperation and energy of its people, the reason why manufacturers should locate in Baltimore are almost too numerous to recite in a limited space.
Baltimore lies in the center of the heart of great mineral deposits -coal, iron ore, marble and other stones, and the finest of sands. Here are the essentials for the manufacture of iron and steel and glass, to say nothing of their importance in building materials for home construction and shipment. In addition to the power produced from the coal right at her door is the great power she is to secure from the flood-gates in the Susquehanna River. This latter power will be an excellent thing for the small manufacturer. Some might say here,
5
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
that Baltimore has not the iron ore nearby in sufficient quantities to justify the claim of making her an iron and steel center. Grant this. Nevertheless, she is in a position to secure iron ore at the least possible cost. The low grade ore has come into view and is going to cause some revolutions in the manufacture of iron, steel and their kindred industries. Cuba and the South American States are rich in this ore. Our own Maryland Steel Company has taken up land in Cuba with millions of tons of low-grade iron ore in sight and on the surface, which can be mined with steam shovels, whereas most of the ore we get to-day is mined at an enormous cost. With cheap all-year water transportation it is being brought to Baltimore. It is well known that the ore used at Pittsburgh is brought from the shores of Lake Superior to Lake Erie ports, thence by rail to the Smoky City. Recently the United States Steel Corporation has purchased for the sum of nearly $500,000,000, iron lands in the Messaba range in Minnesota. This is at the extreme westerly end of Lake Superior. The winters are long and rigorous and naviga- tion in the lakes is completely closed from December to April by reason of the complete freezing of the straits of Mackinaw and the Sault Ste. Marie. Thus, only eight months of the year are available for water transportation. The distance from the head of Lake Supe- rior to Pittsburgh isequal to that lying between Cuba and Baltimore.
Again, foreign trade is the important desideratum that is going to decide where great industrial centers are to be located in the future. Thase must and will be, as an absolute necessity, built upon tide- water. Tide-water is the slogan for Baltimore. This point need not he argued. The masters of industry and commerce know it. They are on the alert. The eyes of many of them are on Baltimore. Balti- more is ready for the movement about to start.
Our commercial, that is, jobbing trade is right well secured. It has an impetus that cannot be halted. Our jobbers are clearly seving their opportunities. We must not be content with calling Baltimore the Gateway of the South, but the entrepot of the whole West, Northwest, and Central West. We are in a position to com- pete in this vast and productive territory because of an unexcelled location as a distributing point and on tide-water.
As great as are the jobbing interests to a community, manu- facturing is the more beneficial. This is no disparagement to the former business. But the same amount of capital in manufacturing
6
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
will support more bread winners, thereby creating greater circula- tion of money, locally. This value could be expatiated upon at great length and conclusively proven.
Like the iron and steel, and users of these, all manufacturing industries would have greater advantages in Baltimore than nearly any other city in the United States. We will cite those who need lumber-car works, wagon works, furniture factories, box makers, sash, door and blinds, etc. Here the raw material may be cheaply brought by water. Timber, too, in the United States is becoming depleted by the destruction of and failure to replant forests. Balti- more, being on the tide-water, can look to the vast and untouched forests of Central and South America, while our National Govern- ment is replanting (?) our forests. Then, if we run short in lumber, Baltimore can supply the steel frames and concrete building mate- rials. This latter is another large field for an important industry. We have about us the greatest amount of the best material for mak- ing concrete. The combination of concrete and steel has become the recognized building material. Added to all these things is the manu- facture of heavy machinery and machinery of all kinds-agricul- tural implements, novelties, toys and every imaginable thing.
Here comes in the value of a distributing point. What city can surpass Baltimore as a distribution point both for domestic and for- eign trade? With her improving inland transportation facilities and her ideal situation as a sea port, none can better handle her whole- sale trade and distribute manufactered articles than she. Manufac- tures cannot exist without shipping facilities, and in these days must abandon their plants unless competitive means of transportation are at hand. The "unit of efficiency," as someone has said, must be had.
The cry to-day is that many factories have been and are located in places where the attainment of this unit of efficiency is impossible. They are wasting their substance in small towns with one line of railroad, but plenty of raw material. It is difficult for them to get and retain skilled labor. They are handicapped and going to grass. These unfortunates are realizing their mistakes and are looking about for new locations. They can be induced by sound logic to remove to more advantageous points.
The strong movement now being made by the National Gov- ernment and business men looking toward South American trade, puts Baltimore in line for a vast opportunity in manufactures.
7
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
The growing close cooperative spirit on the part of all our citi- zens; the energetic civic pride; the strong solidarity and patriotic push demanding her rights from public service corporations; making our city known to the world; talking about our town, writing about it; putting surplus money into local enterprises, will make Baltimore a large and illumed point on the map.
The reasons why manufacturers should locate in Baltimore are patent. It depends more upon our people than upon nature's gifts whether they will come or not. It is not the town that makes the people. It is the people who make the town. The old slogan "Balti- more for Baltimoreans," has been changed to "Baltimoreans for Baltimore."
The manufacturer is the most valuable adjunct to a commu- nity. This statement, as said before, is no disparagement to the merchant, the financier, or to any other class. It is based upon the economic truth that production and labor is the basis of wealth. This is clearly represented in the difference in value of the raw mate- rial and the finished product of commerce. Manufacturing, therefore, employs more people and pays greater wages than any other branch of business. It affords more oppFrtunity to a greater number of people to earn a living. The more people there are who are able to earn a living, the more prosperous the community in which they dwell. The success of all earthly goods is dependent upon the earn- ing capacity of the masses of the population. In this respect, there- fore, the manufacturer, the producer, stands at the head in affording the population the means of earning, upon which all other interests rely.
Baltimore is not generally known, at home or abroad, as a manu- facturing center. It has an enviable reputation as a jobbing market and a seaport. Yet in the thirteen great industrial communities of the United States, the Census Bureau places it in the sixth or seventh place. In a Bulletin recently issued by this Department of the Government for 1905 (the latest official data), it gives the following: "The Baltimore industrial district covers an area of 246 square miles, and in 1900 had a population of 568,653. The City of Baltimore embraces an area of about 30 square miles and its population in 1900 was 508,957, or 42.S per cent of the total population of the State of Maryland. No State census for 1904 was taken. In this tabula- tion no city or town is shown separately, for although a number of
.
8
BALTIMORE AS A. MANUFACTURING CENTER
localities reported manufactures of importance, the civil sub-divi- sions in which they were, did not have a population of 8,000 or over. The territory embraced, in addition to Baltimore, consists of dis- tricts, 1, 3, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 15, of Baltimore County. In 1900 the population per square mile for the entire district was 2,312, while for Baltimore City alone it was 16,965 (in 1910, 17,791). In the Indus- trial District of Baltimore, at the end of 1904, there were 2,352 manufacturing establishments with $166,770,882 capital; 78,729 employees, to whom $36,648,368 was paid in salaries and wages; miscellaneous expense and cost of material amounted to $144,161,- 841; and the value of the products for the year 1904 was $202,659,- 272. Of these items, the share of Baltimore City proper was, in number of establishments, 96.4 per cent; capital, 89.2 per cent; number of employees, 90.5 per cent; miscellaneous expenses and cost of material, 79.6 per cent; and value of products, 74.8 per cent. The totals of some leading industries are not included, because it would disclose the operations of individual establishments."
We learn from this official census of the National Government that the value of the products of our factories for the year 1904 was $202,659,272. This was an increase over 1900, of 14.6 per cent. Assuming that a like growth has prevailed since this census was taken, it would show that the present annual value of our manu- facturers' products is $232,267,526. We believe, however, that the increase during the past five years has been greater than that be- tween 1900 and 1905, and think it entirely within reason to say, that the present annual value of the products of manufacturers in the 246 square miles on the Patapsco River, or in a section only a little over 15 miles square, amounts to a quarter of a billion dollars.
The Census Bureau includes in the 13 "Great Industrial" centers the following territory and environs:
City.
Area of District Sq. Miles.
Year.
Population.
New York
702
1905
5,294,6S2
Chicago.
500
1900
1,815,107
Philadelphia
501
1900
1,537,994
Boston.
502
1900
1,249,504
Pittsburgh-Allegheny
168
1900
642,342
St. Louis
206
1900
638,134
Baltimore
246
1900
568,653
9
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
City.
Area of District Sq. Miles.
Year.
Population.
Cincinnati
151
1900
473,282
Cleveland.
200
1900
420,508
Buffalo.
201
1905
385,498
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
155
1905
472,362
San Francisco
203
1905
453,847
Providence.
154
1905
344,521
All of these cities, with the exception of Baltimore and San Francisco, are surrounded by many large industrial cities and towns, while Baltimore and San Francisco are environed by agricultural neighborhoods. This is clearly shown by the tables of the percentage of industries of the entire district which are within the city limits of these two municipalities. In short, compared with the whole indus- trial district of the given cities, Baltimore City's proportion of indus- trial plants exceeds that of the cities in its class. Now, the foregoing are facts. It proves that Baltimore is a great manufacturing center. A community cannot stand still. It progresses or retrogrades. It is, therefore, incumbent upon our citizens to do everything possible- legislatively, in transportation, in labor, in residential, living advan- tages and municipal attractiveness, to further the interests of indus- trial up-building and all its correlatives.
Important in this development is the matter of spending our money at home, instead of investing our savings abroad; that we have financial institutions that are willing and ready to encourage and assist home enterprise; that our own people, living on invest- ments in a self-satisfied way, enjoying their limited incomes from ground rents, etc., will reform and acquire energy sufficient to com- bine their money and their labor in some productive useful service which will gain them greater incomes. Self-satisfaction destroys good service and annihilates progress. A recent circular of a Balti- more banking house said: "We believe that there are more people living on invested capital in Baltimore than in any other city of the same population in this country." This is true. They are doing small community service. They are idle or are content with small incomes, rather than render important service to themselves and the community. Every human being was put on this earth for service and by that service he or she will be judged. Unselfish work
10
BALTIMORE AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
is the highest mission to which we can attain. If we need not labor because of easy circumstances, then we should provide labor by our surplus means for those who need it to earn a living. The people of Baltimore have not even begun to take advantage of their inestima- ble opportunities in manufacturing or commerce. They have a small conception of what they actually possess. The City has be- come great in spite of itself. If it were taken hold of by its people, if its advantages and opportunities, its beauties and attractions, were exploited, it would occupy not sixth or seventh place in the galaxy of American cities, but third or fourth place. And the time is rapidly approaching when its really good and actively good citizens are going to strive to place it in this position. There are signs which show this spirit and these works.
It is of little use for a man to carry in his pockets nuggets of gold and have no small change for ordinary occasions. Likewise, it is the height of folly to be everlastingly proclaiming the unsurpassed advantages of Baltimore and Maryland, unless there is continual effort made to utilize these endowments of nature in an energetic way. This can be accomplished by a knowledge and appreciation of what we possess, a hearty and enthusiastic spirit of cooperation and in showing the world our possessions and the way in which we prize them. There is no locality which can so well afford to take its lights from under the bushel as Baltimore. Its advantages and attractions need but to be broadly known to increase its growth and importance.
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