USA > Maryland > Caroline County > History of Caroline County, Maryland, from its beginning > Part 13
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It seems that public schools for colored children in our county began to be organized shortly after 1866 by virtue of a School Board resolution of that date which reads as follows : Resolved-that our Board appropriate the sum of one hundred dollars to each school for color- ed children that may be started in our county at such time as the Commissioner of the district where such school is to be located, shall report that the colored peo- ple of said locality are ready and willing and able to raise such other sum or sums as shall be necessary for building a school house after such model as shall be fur- nished by our Board. The first payment of public school tax to colored schools was made in 1869.
A more complete description of the county's early schools may be seen in the sections assigned to the va- rious localities.
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MURRAY'S MILL.
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EARLY FACTORIES.
As soon as a community was formed in early Mary- land, a grist mill made its appearance, and these were the first manufacturing plants of the Colony. The early settlers could make or import their clothing and furni- ture, prepare their food locally, but a necessary part to every establishment was an old grist mill, on the bank of a stream which furnished power to turn its wheels.
Of these early mills, Caroline county had its share and most of them are standing today, so well constructed were they, being chiefly of brick.
Murray's Mill at Linchester is probably one of the first built and best known. Before the Revolutionary War this mill which had been established, perhaps, as early as 1670, belonged to Col. Jas. Murray and during the Revolutionary War ground flour for the soldiers. Though rebuilt at various times, a portion of the orig- inal structure still stands.
Records show a lease of the Mill at Potter's Land- ing ( Williston) in 1778 made between Nathaniel Potter and James White, both of this county. A part of the lease is here given :
Nathaniel Potter "Doth grant and let that Mill, on the head of Cokiases Creek, together with four acres of land, lying convenient to said Mill, with liberty of timber for use of said Mill, and dwelling house now built on said land, to have and to hold the said Mill and four acres of land, for and during the term of twelve years and every year therefore shall pay the full and just sum of 7£ 10s common circulating currency, and to grind the said Potter's grain, toll and hopper free, and boult (sift ) the same for the use of his family; the aforesaid to be paid yearly on the first day of January and the said Mill and appurtenances thereon to be left in sufficient grinding repair."
This mill seems to have been rebuilt by General Win. Potter on a large scale which included the building of a heavy dam (now the state road) and the providing of a ship channel up to the mill. This mill still oper- ates and is owned by W. C. Todd.
The Brick Mill along the Choptank about three miles north of Denton was probably built by either Thomas Hardcastle or John, his son, both of these men being great builders. The landing at this place was also well known in the early times, as it marked the turning point of boats in the river and served as a shipping centre for
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a large territory roundabout. This mill was destroyed some years ago but the old brick house nearby still re- mains.
Mills, some of them brick and still standing, were early established as follows : Bloomery Mill near Smith- ville; Fowling Creek (lower down the stream than the present site) ; Hog Creek, Anthony's Mill, Driver's Mill (now the water power plant of the Electric Lighting Co.), Nichols Mill (Knott's Mill near Hillsboro), Brad- ley's (now known as Crouse's), a mill at Old Town Branch which in 1782 was owned by Thomas Goldsbor- ough.
Only a few years later appeared the up-and-down saw mill, several of which were located in the county on small water courses. These held sway for many years until supplanted a generation or two ago by steam saw mills.
Tanneries were also quite numerous in the rural sections before 1830. The art of tanning had been in- troduced into America as early as 1630, the old process of using bark and lime being, of course, in general use.
There were several reasons for the early growth of this industry-the great cost of imported leather, large quantity of cattle and hides, and cheapness of labor.
While the process of tanning was very slow, the quality of the leather produced was much superior for endurance than is the product of our modern manufac- tures where hides may be changed into so-called leather within 24 hours.
As is to be expected, there was a tannery located in nearly every trading centre of the county at that time as at Greensboro, Hillsboro, Potter's Landing, near Hunting Creek, and the North West Fork.
Some iron ore had been found in the county as early as 1780 and this together with the State law which en- couraged the establishing of iron foundaries, led to the starting of at least one or two plants in Caroline County.
The Douglass brothers, who came from England about 1780 and located near Smithville, constructed the first foundry, perhaps. One of these men had learned the trade of iron master in his home country, which largely accounts for his undertaking here, no doubt. It seems likely that this plant was not continued very long on account of the poor quality of any ore that may have been found.
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Very early, too, in the county some plow factories were erected-the more important ones, perhaps, being the one in Denton as described elsewhere and one near Beartown an early settlement located in the vicinity of Mt. Zion.
Crude as must have been the products of these early enterprises when the metal parts of plows were prob- ably moulded as one single piece of cast iron, this im- plement was much superior to the earlier plows and paved the way for the modern forms of plow machinery.
Carding of wool for spinning, all of which had been heretofore done by hand in the home was given a fresh impetus when a machine for such a purpose was con- structed at Anthony's Mill near Denton, the same to be operated by water power.
SOAP MAKING.
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THE CIVIL WAR.
Late in the year 1860, the people of Caroline County were naturally much disturbed at the threatened Civil . War and disunion by the secession of some of the South- ern States. Public sentiment divided the people into two classes, the larger, perhaps, being in favor of main- taining the Federal Union; the other class in favor of secession.
Many people who had heretofore been friends were bitterly opposed to each other-some for the North- others for the Sonth. This was the condition in Caro- line County when four companies of Union soldiers were enrolled in the four centres of the county.
For some time our people felt the restrictions and great inconvenience of army regulations, though not much of the time under a military guard. Persons could not go to Baltimore, could not return home by boat with- out a pass from the Provost-marshal. As the war con- tinued, many men were deprived from voting at the gen- eral elections, unless they took the oath of "allegiance," which some refused to do.
During this period also, a new Constitution was adopted by our state for the purpose of disfranchising those who in any way were in sympathy with, aided or abetted the southern cause. How could such a measure be passed when a majority of sentiment was against it is explained by Scharf's quotation from the Denton Journal of that time: "In counting out the ballots in this district (Denton), but forty-seven votes appeared against the Constitution; whereas eighty-nine voters whose names appear upon the poll-books, have certified and propose to swear, that they voted against the Con- stitution. Five others likewise signified." Fortunately this obnoxious document was set aside at the close of the War and a new one made. It is likely, too, that some of our citizens were imprisoned for a semblance of not be- ing strictly loyal to the Federal Union. Doubtless there was much needless inconvenience and annoyance arising from arbitrary acts of soldiers who exceeded their au- thority when suspicions were aroused, but such seem to be the outcome of civil strife and nearly always the ac- companying agents.
The person, perhaps, most directly responsible for the unnecessary and unlawful acts of soldiers and guards
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during the Civil War was not Lincoln, as many have sup- posed, but rather his Secretary of State-Wm. H. Sew- ard, whose bigotry and un-democracy may be readily observed from his boastful remark to Lord Lyons: "My Lord, I can touch a bell on my right hand, and order the arrest of a citizen of Ohio; I can touch it again, and or- der the arrest of a citizen of New York ; and no power on earth except that of the President can release them. Can the Queen of England do as much ?"
Perhaps, several young men from our county with courage and strong feelings for "Southern Rights" went South and entered the Southern Army at the risk or sacrifice of their lives in defense of the principles they conscientiously entertained. Unfortunately we have been unable to secure the names of but two such young men- Messrs Alexander and Frank Gadd-brothers of our former Countian and well known citizen. Col. Luther H. Gadd. It was with much difficulty that these and other men from Maryland entered the Southern Army. The Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay were well guarded to prevent just such happenings.
The story is told of some men from Queen Anne county who had planned to drive down to the bay shore in Dorchester county and then take a boat to the Virginia Shore. To prevent suspicion while on their way through Caroline and Dorchester counties, they carried along some hunting dogs and whenever they found themselves watched, did not hesitate to climb out of the wagon with their dogs and spend some time in rounding up the birds and rabbits in that section before proceeding on their wav.
On the 4th of Angust 1862 President Lincoln order- ed a draft of three hundred thousand militia for nine months, unless sooner discharged, and directed that if any state did not furnish its quota of these men, the de- ficiency of volunteers in that state would be made up by special or individual draft. Of this number, Maryland was to furnish 19,000 men and Caroline County 304. As 231 county men had already volunteered into service, only 56 were required to be drafted after allowance was made for excess apportionment. The long-expected draft took place throughout the state on the 15th of October 1862, after the enrollment had been completed. Those drawn for service were notified to present themselves at the place of rendezvous within five days. Substitutes were
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accepted in place of those unwilling to serve in person; and a lively business was done in that traffic, prices rang- ing from $200 to $600. Some of these substitutes, es- caping from the camp of instruction, sold their services over again.
In 1864 another draft of 2000 men from the state was made and Caroline County likely furnished about thirty.
Unfortunately we have been unable to obtain a list of the drafted men from our county, though a complete list of volunteers is given below.
First Regiment, Eastern Shore Infantry.
The First Eastern Shore Regiment of Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, was organized at Cambridge, Maryland, in September, 1861, to serve three years.
On the expiration of the term of service of the regi- ment the original members (except veterans) were mus- tered out, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, retained in service until February 23, 1865, when it was consolidated with the 11th Regiment of In- fantry.
Companies A, B, and C were recruited in Dorchester County, Companies D, E, F, and G in Caroline County, Company H in Talbot County, Company I at Baltimore City, and Company K in Somerset County.
The 1st Eastern Shore Regiment of Infantry, im- mediately after its organization, was assigned to special duty on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
In November, 1861, it formed a part of General Lockwood's Brigade in its expedition into and pacifi- cation of the Counties of Accomac and Northampton, the eastern shore counties of Virginia.
Upon the invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania by General Robert F. Lee's Confederate Army in June 1863, the 1st Eastern Shore Regiment of Infantry asked to be sent to the Army of the Potomac at the front, and. with General Lockwood's Brigade, the regiment was transported to Baltimore, and thence marched to the bat- tlefield of Gettysburg, which it reached on the morning of July 3, 1863, and immediately went into action with the 12th Army Corps on Culp's Hill, where it did good service.
After the battle of Gettysburg the 1st Regiment. Eastern Shore Infantry, continued with the Army of
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the Potomac until Lee's Confederate Army was driven out of Maryland, when, after a brief duty on the upper Potomac, the regiment again returned to the Eastern Shores of Maryland and Virginia, where it continued in the performance of special duty until its consolidation with the 11th Regiment of Infantry, Maryland Volun- teers.
During its term of service the 1st Regiment Eastern Shore Infantry, marched seven hundred and sixty (760) miles, was transported by rail two hundred and eighty- three (283) miles and by water one thousand three hun- dred and twenty-three (1323) miles.
The death list of the 1st Regiment, Eastern Shore Infantry, during its term of service was as follows : Kill- ed in battle, nine (9) enlisted men; died of disease, wounds, etc., fifty-two (52) enlisted men; or an aggre- gate loss by death of sixty-one (61).
Roster of Soldiers From Caroline County.
Company D. (Greensboro Section).
Name
Rank Captain
Draper, John W.
Private
Wm. H. Comegys
Dukes, Geo. W.
afterward Lieut. Col.
Davis, Wm. F.
6.
Jas. L. Clendening
Captain Donovan, Henry J.
Richard H. Comegys
1st Lieut.
Downs, Samuel Y.
Marcellus Jones
2nd Lient.
Earickson, Thomas B.
Anderson, John
Private
Evans, Richard 66
Anderson, Wm.
Ford, Wm. H. 66
66
Adams, Wm. K.
Gibson, Chas. W.
Baggs, Joseph
Sergeant
Harper, Shadrach
Baynard, John W.
Private
Harrington, Thos. E.
Musician Private
Boone, John W.
Harper, James S.
Bickling, John S.
Harper, Wm.
66
Bickling, Wm. H.
Heather, Theo.
Bennett. John C.
60
Honey, James H.
66
Baker, Wm. H.
Hobbs, Amos H.
Cooper, James
Hall, James H.
Carter, Wm.
Jones, Richard C.
Connor, Wm. T.
66
Jester, John H.
Commegys, W.m. J.
Kemp, John B.
Sergeant
Cooper, John K.
Lecompt, John C.
Sergeant
Colgan, Wm. B. C.
Legar, George F.
Corporal
Chance, Clement
Lang, John
Private
Carter, Jas. H.
Lucas, Edward M.
Cannon, John P.
McKnett, John R.
Corporal Private
Cleaves, Thos. A.
McClain, Wm.
Carroll, Chas. E.
Mounticue, Robert H.
Clendening, Robert N.
Mounticue, Wm.
Carter, Wm.
66 Mounticue, John
Corporal Private
Jones, Samuel T.
Commegys, John T.
Cooper, Isaac
Kirk, George W.
Corporal
Anderson, Leven
Faulkner, Thos.
Baggs, Andrew M.
Hubbard, N.
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Mounticue, Jas. McGee, Levi Mccullough, Thomas McClerkin, Jas.
Private
Patrick, Wm. J.
Private
Rawlings, Wm. P.
Roberts, Chas. H.
..
Rawlings, Henry C.
Melson, Daniel H.
Shaw, James H.
Melvin, Jacob
.. Shubrooks, Wm. J.
Miller, Augustus
Spry, Wm. G.
McCann, Michael
Sloan, William C.
Murry, James
Shaw, William
Noblett, Isaac
Turner, Samuel
Outen, Warren
66
Truitt. John
Parker. Geo. W.
1 st Sergt.
West. William M.
Poor, Wm. E.
Sergeant Wyatt. Elias
Pippin, Robert H.
Private
Whitby, Nathaniel
Porter, Robert W.
Wooters, John W.
Porter, Wm. E.
Williams, Benj.
Patrick, Noah
Company E. (Preston Section) .
Name
Rank Captain ..
Hutchinson, Wm. A.
Andrew Stafford
Hollis, Wm. H.
Jas. R. Hooper
Hammond, James R.
Jesse W. Blades
2nd Lieut.
Hutchinson, Chas. F.
Private ..
Andrew, Tilghman A.
Private
Holloway, Robt. J.
Andrew, John W.
Hollis, James M.
Arvey, John W.
Knox, Samuel F. Luer, Samuel
Blades, Eli K.
Sergeant
Lecompt, Benj. F.
..
Butler. Peter W.
Private
Legates, Wm. T.
..
Blades. Thos. L.
Corporal
Lane, William
Bland, Geo. T.
Private ..
Moore, Edward T.
Brennan, Michael
McNeese, John
1st Sergt. Corporal Private
Beachamp, Batchelor
Mason, William
Brumbly, W.m. T.
Nichols, Luke H.
Musician
Briddle, James
66
Patton, Wm. I.
Sergeant
Butler. Wm. E.
66
Perry, William E.
Private
Corkran, Sol. R.
Sergeant Corporal
Pool, Levin
Cannon, Jas. H.
Teamster
Patton, Joseph
..
Cheezum, Wm.
Ross, Wm. H.
Corporal
Covey. Joshua
Ross. Josiah B.
Private
Cheezum, Charles H.
Richardson, John T.
Covey. Richard
Rose, Joseph
Carlisle. Alex.
Stewart, Wm. G.
Corpora!
Christopher, Silas 66
Towers, Wesley
Carey, George T.
Turner, Robt. H.
Private .6
Charles, Simon P.
Towers, Thos. P.
Conaway, William H. H.
Townsend, Alfred
. .
Carroll, Saulsbury
66
Turner, Jas. H.
Dukes, Isaac P.
Turner, John R. Trice, John W. 66
Dillon, James B.
Corporal
Trice, Andrew MI. 60
Dillon, Lewis J.
Private
Terrington, Geo.
Dean, Bennett A.
..
Windsor, Wesley W.
66
Eaton, Wm. H.
Walker. Robt. F.
66
Frampton, Wm. E.
64
Wilson, Jas. V. 66
Frampton, Chas.
Watson, William
Fluharty, Daniel R.
Waterman, Geo.
66
Goetchions. John
Williamson, Warner ..
Gootee, Kelly
Walker. Thomas
66
Cicil, George F.
Private
Nichols, Simon P.
Private
Baker, Peter
Perry, Chas. W.
Comaskey, Daniel
Potts, William
Sergeant Corporal Musician
1st Sergt. Private
Andrew, George
Corporal Private Musician Private
Corporal Teamster Private ..
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Townsend. Joshua ..
Dukes, Geo. T.
Dean, Robert H.
6.
Company F. (Denton Section) .
Name
Rank
MeNutt, Wm.
Private ..
Thos. Numbers
Captain Moore, John D.
Jas. B. Austin
1st Lieut. McCaslin, Russell Y.
Robt. J. W. Garey
2nd Lieut.
Morgan, Wm. F.
Anderson, Wm.
Private
Morgan. George
Andrew, Petter
McQuay, Chas. E.
Andrew, Matthew M.
1st Sergt.
Maloney, John
Andrewson, Geo.
Corporal
Pinkine, Francis E.
Atkinson, William W.
Pierce, Wm. M.
Atkinson, Wm.
Private
Porter, Joseph
Alberger, Nathan F.
Pool, Daniel 66
Andrew, Jas. E.
Parker, Thos. H.
Ayers, John H.
Philips, Geo. W.
Busteed, Richard M.
Sergeant
Philips, Wm.
Barkley, Andrew
Private
Philips, Peter D.
66
Barwick, John
..
Porter. Francis A.
Beck, Josiah
.6
Roe, Thomas
66
Brannock, Sam. C.
Robinson, Wm. E.
Roe, Alex.
Butler, James H.
See, James
Baker. Thos. P.
Sorden, Robt. H.
Cooper. Nathaniel G.
4.
See, Dallas M.
Cooper, Wm. W.
..
Sorden, Wm. T.
Collison, Jos. A.
66
Scott, Hezekiah
Cooper, Sam'l. J.
6.
Spence, James H.
Syphers, Francis
Dean, William T.
Corporal
Scott, Aaron
Dickerson. Philip S.
Private
Tharp. Phineas
Eaton. John F.
6.
Thomas, John R.
Farley. John
66
Thomas, Sam'l E.
66
Gordon. Chas. L.
Voss, Holiday
Griffith, John H.
Willis, Chas. H.
Hammon, Thos. L.
66
Wilson. James A.
66
Hickson. Andrew
Webber, Wm. T.
Joiner, Robt. H. B.
66
Webber, Jas. T.
Kirkman, Isaac A.
Corporal
Wothers, Daniel
Lecompte, Alex.
Private Webber, Wm. S.
Long, Alex R.
Williams, Geo. W.
Love. Thomas
Company G. ( Federalsburg Section) .
Name
Rank Corporal
Charles, Ezekiel A.
Private 66
Andrew, Isaac W.
Corkran, Sydnaham Corkran, Wm. J.
Andrew. Zach.
Private
Collins, James C. Camper, Wm. H.
Andrew, Wm. E.
Bannnig, Asbury
Davis, James W.
Corporal
Banning, Wm. H.
Davis, Chas. M.
Bending. Alex. E.
Davis, Solomon C.
Private
Burke, Jas. T.
Dixon, George S.
Cohee. Levin W.
Corporal
Emmerich, John W.
Cohee. Mitchel H.
Private
Flowers, Alcaid N.
Corkran. Wm. E.
Flowers, Wesley
Carroll, John W.
Flettwood, William W. 66
Collison, Levin R.
Gray, Wm. L.
Teamster Private Sergeant Private
Barnick, Jas. A.
Sergeant Corporal Private ..
Sherwood. Geo. C.
Corporal Sergeant Corporal Private
Christopher, John E.
Stafford, Wm. P.
Cooper, John
Conoway, Francis
Thomas, Samuel
Flanagan. John
Wothers. Jas. W.
Harvey. Charles
Alburger, Wm. H.
66
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Corporal Private
Griffith, John S.
Private McColister, Benj.
Private
Hirt, Wm. T.
Marine, Matthew F.
Hill, Jeremiah
Neal, Cyrus
Hemimons, Wm. J.
..
Payne, Covey
Hines, James W.
Insley, Elijah
. .
Payne, Wm. J.
Jester, James A.
66
Randolph, Jno. W.
Jennings, John J.
Stokes, John H.
Jones, Chas. W.
Stokes, Geo. W.
Kenney, Jos. T.
Sergeant
Smith, Chas. F.
Keys, Wm. W.
Smith, Levin
Lloyd, Jacob W.
Private
Smith, Benj. S.
Lloyd, Edward
..
Sutheralnd, John W.
Lloyd, Thos. F.
Trice, John H.
Lowe, Wm. T.
Truitt, Benj.
Lowe, Marvel R.
Tull, John W.
Lankford, David E.
Thomas, Tilghman H.
Lewis, Noah F.
Wheatley, Wm. T.
Sergeant Private
Moore, Daniel W.
Ist Sergt.
Williams, Jas. H.
Mowbray, Jacob T.
Musician Private
Williams, Wm. H.
Malloy, John W.
Williams, Thos. F.
Moore, Chas. F.
White, Henry
Milligan, Jas. H.
Wright, Twiford N.
Milman, Elijah S.
Wright, Sam'l J.
Mccullough, John
Wheatley, Edward H.
Sergeant Musician Private
Jester, John F.
Poundon, Robert
Jester, Mark A.
Payne, John W.
Pattison, John
..
Teamster Private
..
66
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MARYDEL VICINITY.
MARYDEL ( HALLTOWN ).
About 1850, William Hall purchased a large tract of land. This tract covered part of two counties, Caroline County, Maryland, and Kent County, Delaware. It was covered by a forest.
In a short time a small clearing was made by means of axes. On this clearing William McKnett built a saw- mill, where trees were made into lumber for building purposes.
The first house built and owned by William Hall was just across the Delaware line. Part of the house was a shoe shop, where the owner made and sold shoes. This house is still standing, but is used as an outbuilding.
Halltown, as it was then called, consisted of three houses. This name was kept three years. It was then changed to Marydel, taking its name from the two states in which it was located.
Erection of Hotels and Store.
Shortly after the founding of this little village, John Walters erected a building which served as a hotel and bar. In a short time two others were erected. One of these was built by George Jones, who not being able to secure a license for a bar, sold the building, which was afterwards used as a dwelling.
The first store was owned and kept by James Smith. The building is still standing and is occupied by Thomas McGinnis, as a dwelling.
Industries.
In those early days the inhabitants provided food for the winter days. This was partly done by means of evaporting fruit. So litle of this kind of work could be done by hand that it was found necessary to build a fac- tory for this purpose. The first enterprise of this kind was carried on by Joseph T. George. It is said that this one was the largest of its kind on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
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The First School.
Perhaps you are wondering where the children first went to school. A room in the "Evaporator" was used, and the school master was William Jarman.
Later a school house was bulit about a mile from the village, on the Maryland side. The children attended this school until it closed for vacation, which was early in the spring. Theye were then allowed to attend the school on the Delaware side by paying the small tuition of one dollar per month for each child.
First School on Delaware Side.
This school was a two-story building, which served as a school house and church. The first floor was used for school purposes and on the second service was held each Sunday provided a minister could be secured.
Boys and girls in those days were compelled to at- tend Sunday School twice each Sunday, morning and afternoon.
The First Church.
The first building which was erected and used for re- ligious service was the M. E. Church, South. This build- ing was about one-quarter of a mile due north of the vil- lage, on the right hand side of the railroad, just across the Delaware line. The land surrounding the church was used for a cemetery.
In 1871, the first M. E. Church was built, having as its minister A. S. Mowbray.
Another church was added to our number in 1918. This one was the Roman Catholic.
Our Railroad.
If I were to ask you how people travel today you world say first of all by automobiles, motor-cyles, the auto-bus, and then horses, buggies, carriages, and farm wagons. But if I were to ask your grandfather how he traveled when he was a boy I would have a different story.
In those days there were no automobiles and very few railroads in our country, and the railroad which we see from our windows was not there.
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The railroad which passes through our town (a branch of the P. B. & W. road) began at Clayton and was laid to a point then known as Jack's Bridge, between Kenton and Hartly. In a short time another strip con- nected this point with Marydel. "The third strip reached to Greensboro, and thenee to Oxford, which was the terminus.
The first station-agent (Joseph T. George) occupied a very small building which still stands and is now used for a dwelling.
After the railroad extended as far as Oxford, ex- cursions were frequent. This story has come to us : One day a lady was to take her first ride. She was standing on the platform when the train came in, but made no ef- fort to get on. When the train had gone someone noticed her still standing on the platform and asked why she had not gotten on the train. She replied, "Well, I thought the train took the platform along."
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