USA > Maryland > Studies in the civil, social and ecclesiastical history of early Maryland; lectures delivered to the young men of the Agricultural College of Maryland > Part 15
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16
APPENDIX.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH HISTORY OF MARYLAND.
1617. George Calvert made Knight. .
1619. George Calvert made Secretary of State.
1620.
George Calvert championed royal pretensions in Parliament.
1620. Pension bestowed on George Calvert by King James, of 1000 pounds sterling a year.
1621. The estate in Ireland bestowed on George Calvert by the King.
1623. Charter of Avalon granted George Calvert.
1624. George Calvert avowed conversion to Roman Church.
1625. George Calvert Member of Privy Council.
1625. George Calvert made Baron of Baltimore.
1625. James the First died.
1631.
·Kent Island settled by Claiborne.
1632. George, first Lord Baltimore, died.
1632.
Charter for Maryland given, June 20.
1633.
Answers to anticipated objections prepared by Provincial of Jesuits.
1633. Colony sailed for Maryland, Nov. 22d.
1634. Colony landed in Maryland, March 27th.
. 1635. Battle between Kent Islanders and St. Mary's people.
1635.
First Assembly of the province. Proceedings dis- allowed by Lord Baltimore.
1637-8 Session of Provincial Assembly.
212
APPENDIX.
1638.
Leonard Calvert, Governor, adjourned Assembly of his own prerogative.
1638.
Kent Islanders reduced to submission.
1638. William Lewis fined for forbidding servants to read Protestant books.
1638. Through this period Governor exercised preroga- tive of summoning particular persons to the Assembly.
1639.
First act for the restraint of liquors.
1640.
Troubles with Jesuits began.
1641.
Questions propounded to Jesuit priests concern- ing claims of the Roman Church.
.
1641.
1641.
Father White's " Twenty Cases," also "Memorial." Permission given to Lord Baltimore by the "Sacred Congregation," etc., to remove the Jesuits, and to grant a prefect and secular priests.
1641. Rosetti, Archbishop of Tarsus, to have charge of Maryland.
1641. Conditions of Plantation issued, enforcing statute of mortmain. -
1641. " Points " to which Lord Baltimore required sub- scription.
1641. Provincial of Jesuits executed release of all lands held in violation of statute of mortmain.
1641. A form of agreement proposed by Jesuits.
1642. Order dismissing Jesuits revoked.
1641-2. Cruel treatment of Indians.
1642. Indian War.
1642. Petition of " Protestant Catholics " against Thom. . Gerard.
1642. Assembly passed resolution: Could not be ad- journed without its own consent.
٠٠
213
APPENDIX.
1643. Leonard Calvert sailed for England.
1644. Leonard Calvert returned to Maryland, Septem- ber.
1644. Claiborne recovers Kent Island.
1644. All leading offices in hands of Roman Catholics.
1645. Claiborne and Ingle's rebellion; continues almost two years.
1645.
Father White sent prisoner to England.
1646. Governor Calvert recovers the province.
1646. Port and tonnage duties granted by Assembly.
1647. Leonard Calvert dies, June 9th.
1648.
William Stone, governor. His oath first contains
pledge not to discriminate on account of re- ligion.
1648.
Puritans ordered to leave Virginia.
1648.
Governor and majority of Council Protestants.
1649. Charles II proclaimed by acting Governor Greene.
1649.
"Act Concerning Religion " passed.
1650. Assembly to sit as two houses.
Parliament recognizes Lord Baltimore's title.
1650. 1650. Anne Arundel County erected.
1652.
Governor Stone submitted to Commonwealth Commissioners.
1652.
Expedition against Eastern Shore Indians.
1654. Battle of the Severn.
1654. Cromwell proclaimed Protector.
1654.
Investigation concerning execution of Mary Lee, witch.
1654. . Maryland in hands of Parliamentary Commis- sioners.
1654 .. Calvert County erected.
- 1657. Quakers began to appear in Maryland.
1658. Province restored to Lord Baltimore.
214
APPENDIX.
1658.
Fendall, governor.
1658. Assembly henceforth sits as two houses.
1658. Voting by proxy or in person ceases.
1658.
Charles County erected.
1658. 1658.
Proclamation against Quakers. Order of Council. Francis Fitzherbert accused of proselyting to Roman Church.
1659.
Fendall's treasonable intrigues.
1659.
Baltimore County erected.
1660. Proprietary government re-established.
1660. Population, 12,000.
1660. Charles II proclaimed, November.
I660. Philip Calvert, brother of proprietary, governor.
1661. Talbot County erected.
1661. Act to create a mint. Shilling to be equal to . ninepence sterling.
1661. Navigation Act passed by Long Parliament, en- forced by Charles II.
1662. Charles Calvert, governor, son of proprietary.
1662. Agitation of question of application of English statutes.
I665. Quakers holding minor offices in Maryland.
1665. Population, 16,000.
1666. Somerset County erected.
1666. Acts of Naturalization.
1666. Treaty with Indians.
1669. Dorchester County erected.
1671. Population, 20,000.
1672. George Fox in Maryland.
1674. Cecil County erected.
1674. Restraint upon ordinaries,-taverns.
1674. John Connor condemned for witchcraft.
215
APPENDIX.
Thos. Truman's brutality to Indians.
Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, dies.
Charles, third Lord Baltimore, returns to England.
Rev. Mr. Yeo's descriptive letter.
1676. 1678. 1680. I681.
Thos. Notley, governor.
Charles Lord Baltimore returned to Maryland.
Charter of Pennsylvania given.
1681. Qualification of voter, to be a freeholder.
1682.
The Lower House refused to receive members of the Upper House wearing swords.
1683. - Conditions of Plantation ceased to be operative. Land to be purchased henceforth.
Lord Baltimore returned to England.
1684. 1684. 1684.
Benedict Leonard, infant son, nominally governor. Lord Baltimore ordered by king to put all offices in the hands of Protestants.
I687. Quo warranto issued by James II against Lord Baltimore.
1688.
Proprietary by proclamation relieved Quakers of oath in testamentary cases.
President of Lower House represented the ex- tremely immoral condition of colony.
1688. 1689. Protestant Revolution. 1689. Declaration of Protestant Association printed on printing press in the colony.
Maryland became a royal province.
1692. 1692. Sir Lionel Copley, governor.
"Act for service of Almighty God and the Estab- lishment of the Protestant Religion."
1692. 1692. Quakers allowed to " affirm." 1693. Sir Edmund Andros, governor.
1675. 1675. 1676. 1676. Cecil, infant son, nominally governor.
1
216
APPENDIX.
1694. Sir Francis Nicholson, governor.
1694. Annapolis made seat of government.
1694. Act for maintaining free schools.
1694-5. Epidemic among cattle and hogs.
1695.
Public post established between Potomac and Philadelphia.
1695. Prince George's County erected.
1695. Second act for maintaining free schools.
1695. Gov. Nicholson proposes a Bishop, with a seat in the Upper House.
1696. King William's School founded, Annapolis.
1697. King William presented library to Annapolis.
1699.
Nathaniel Blackistone, governor.
1700. Indian troubles on borders of Maryland.
1702.
Provisions of Toleration Act extended to colony.
1704. John Seymour, governor.
1704.
Test Oath imposed, abjuration of Pretender's claims.
1706. Queen Anne's County erected.
I706. Toleration Act of William and Mary fully intro- duced.
1709. Lloyd, governor.
I710. Population, 30,000.
1714. John Hart, governor.
1714. Benedict Leonard Calvert, fourth Lord Baltimore.
1715. Proprietary government re-established.
1715. Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore.
1715. Population, 44,000.
1716. Various test oaths introduced from England. The year after the " Rising."
1717. Export duty on tobacco to proprietary in place of quit-rents, temporary.
1720. Charles Calvert, governor.
217
APPENDIX.
1721. Scotch prisoners come in.
I722. Question of application of English statutes; lasted ten years.
I723.
Act passed for free schools in each county.
1727.
Benedict Leonard Calvert, governor.
1728.
Town of Baltimore created.
1731.
Sam. Ogle, governor.
I732.
Charles Lord Baltimore in colony and acting as governor. Governor Ogle succeeds him.
1733. 1735.
Fees of office established by proclamation.
Decision rendered in matter of boundary between Lord Baltimore and Wm. Penn.
. I739.
Dissensions about proprietary's revenues; also about settling fees by proclamation; also the establishment of new offices with fees.
Attempt against the Spanish settlements.
I740. 1742. 1742. 1745.
Thomas Bladen, governor.
Worcester County erected.
Maryland Gazette started, Annapolis.
Frederick County erected.
Population, whites 94,000, blacks 36,000.
Frederick Lord Baltimore succeeds his father.
Horatio Sharpe, governor.
Commencement of French War.
Indian ravages.
Braddock's defeat.
Population, whites 107,963, blacks 46,225.
Indian hostilities, western part of Maryland.
Capture of Fort Duquesne.
1761. . Population, whites 114,332, blacks 49,675.
Tobacco shipped annually, 28,000 hhds .; value,
14,000 pounds; other exports, value 80,000 pounds currency.
1748. 1748. 1751. I753. 1754. 1755. 1755. 1756. 1757. 1758.
1761.
218
APPENDIX.
English imports, 160,000 pounds.
1761. 1761. Iron manufactured, 2500 tons pig, 600 tons bar. Close of French War.
1763
1765.
Proprietary's revenue from Port duty, £1000 sterling; Tobacco duty, £1543; Fines and forfeitures,.£100.
1765.
The Stamp Act passed, March 22d. September, Maryland seized first possible moment to pro- test against Stamp Act. Stamp distributor burned in effigy in various places. September, Commissioners appointed to general congress at New York.
1765.
October: General congress met. Governor Sharpe declares it impossible to execute Act. November: Frederick County Court declares Act unconstitutional.
1766. Sons of Liberty formed in Baltimore. Legal business carried on without stamped paper. March 18th, Stamp Act repealed.
Attempt to tax by duty on paper, tea, etc.
June 8th, Maryland Assembly protests.
Governor Eden succeeds Governor Sharpe.
June 20th, Non-Importation Association formed.
Proclamation of fees and clergy ducs.
I771.
Frederick Lord Baltimore dies. Henry Harford succeeds.
Value of quit-rents, net, 7500 pounds sterling.
1771. 1771. 1773. Harford County erected.
Proprietary's income from province 64,000 dollars.
I773. Caroline County erected.
1774. Boston Port Bill passed.
------
1767. 1768. 1769. 1769. 1770. 1770. Duty taken off from some articles.
ـرام
219
APPENDIX.
1774. The "Peggy Stewart " burnt, Oct. 19th.
1774. The Continental Congress met, September 5th. Non-importation agreement. Restrictions on exports.
1774. Population of Maryland, 320,000.
1774. June 22d, convention met at Annapolis; govern- ment of province assumed by it.
1775.
April 19th, Battle of Lexington.
1775-
July, articles of association formed in Maryland; basis of temporary government of province.
1776. June 28th, delegates to General Congress autho- rized to join the other colonies in Declaration of Independence.
1776. July 6th, Maryland Convention declared the state independent.
1776. Governor Eden withdrew from province, June 24. 1776. July 30, new convention provided for. Conven- tion met Aug. 14.
1776. Declaration of Rights adopted, Nov. 3d.
1776.
Constitution adopted, Nov. 8th.
1777.
First Assembly under State government, Feb. 5th.
1777.
Thos. Johnson, first governor of State.
1777.
Confederation formed.
1779
Thos. Sim Lee, second governor.
1780.
Confiscation Bill passed.
1781.
Maryland joins Confederation, the public lands having been ceded by New York and Virginia.
CAFER
220
APPENDIX.
BATTLES IN WHICH MARYLAND TROOPS TOOK PART.
1776. Battle of Long Island.
1776. Storming of Fort Washington.
1776. Battle of Trenton.
1777. Battle of Princeton.
I777. Attack on Staten Island.
I777. Battle of Brandywine.
1777. Battle of Germantown.
1777. Fort Mifflin.
1778. Battle of Monmouth.
1780. Maryland Line ordered to Southern department.
1780. Battle of Camden.
1781. Battle of Cowpens.
1781. Battle of Guilford Court House.
1781. Battle of Hobkirk's Hill.
1781. Assault on Ninety-Six.
1781. Battle of Eutaw Springs.
1781. Siege of Yorktown, Oct. 19th. ....
221
APPENDIX.
" THE CASES."
" The cases " submitted by Rev. Andrew White, Jesuit father, for solution to Henry More, provincial in England, by whom they were sent to Rome. These cases will be found to embrace the extravagant claims of the Roman ecclesiastics under the canonical and civil law, by which, although always opposed in England, they were enabled in other countries to wield such extensive powers, and to foster such excessive abuses. The points chiefly notice- able are the exemption of the clergy from the courts and statutes of the realm, the control of testamentary cases, and the interference in the matter of marriage. The Bull In cana Domini, to which reference is made in " the cases" in various places, "Asserts the full supremacy of the Pope over all persons and powers, temporal and eccle- siastical. That decrce forbids all persons whatsoever, directly or indirectly, to violate, depress, or restrain the ecclesiastical liberties or rights of the Apostolic See and Church of Rome, howsoever or whensoever obtained, or to be obtained, under pain of excommunication; and all who presume to oppose any of its provisions, are left under the displeasure of Almighty God."
" The cases" will be found to bring into juxtaposition and contrast these extravagant ecclesiastical claims, and the definite position of the English legislation. The question at issue was whether the principles of English legislation by king, lords and commons should extend to Maryland, or whether Lord Baltimore, the absolute lord, being a Roman Catholic, was bound in conscience to rec- ognize the rights of the clergy as possessed and exercised in Roman Catholic countries. In response to the ques-
-
222
APPENDIX.
tion, Lord Baltimore quickly assumed a very decided posi- tion.
" THE CASES.
" In a country (as this is) newly planted, and depending wholly upon England for its subsistence, where there is not, (nor can not be, until England be reunited to the Church) any ecclesiastical discipline established (by law of the Province or grant of the prynce) nor provinciall synod held, nor spiritual courts erected, nor the canon laws accepted, nor ordinary or other ecclesiastical persons admitted (as such), nor Catholic religion publickly allowed: and whereas three parts of the people, or foure (at least) are (1641) hereticks, I desire to be resolved:
Iº Whether a lay Catholic can, with a safe conscience, take charge or government of an office in such a country as this, where he may not nor dare, discharge all the duties and obligations of a Catholic magistrate, nor yeald and mayntaine to the Church all her rights and liberties which Shee hath in other Catholic countryes?
IIº Whether the lay Catholics (in such a country as this) are bound to accept or admit of all the canon law and in speciall of the Councill of Trent (extra sidem) or whether the canon law (as such) binds in this country afore it be accepted by some law or custom.
IITO Whether the exemptions of the clergy for their persons, lands, goods, Tennants, Domestiques, or privilege of sanctuary to theyr houses or churches, etc., are due to them of Divine right, by immediate grant from Christ to his Church, so that princes becoming Christians, were instantly obliged in conscience to allow and confirme those exemptions, or at least to permit and suffer the Church to practice and enjoy them; or whether they hould
1
223
APPENDIX.
them of the free and voluntary guift and devotion of pious princes and states, so that in a countrey newly erected, or becoming Xtian, a grant or charter from the prynce thereof of such libertyes and exemption is necessary before the clergy of such (a) country can clayme them as theyr right and due in point of conscience; and whether before such a grant, admittance or allowance of their priviledges, may the state practice contrary to them without sacri- ledges, or incurring the censures Bulla conc.
IV° Whether houlding of Courts with external coer- cive jurisdiction, be a part of the powers of the Keys left by Christ to his Church, or whether it be a part of the sword, put by God into the hands of princes, and from them granted unto spiritual ordinaryes: and where eccle- siastical tribunals are here to be erected, with such power of external coercive jurisdiction, may the prynce erect by his own charter, or must it be done by special commission and delegation of the See Apostolique?
V° Whether the conusance of causes testamentary belongs to the spirituall Court out of the Nature of the causes themselves, and of the Church's proper right, so that Xtian prynces had no rightfull power to heare and determine them; or whether princes becoming Christian, did of theyr voluntary election sever theyr causes from theyr crown, and commit them to the spirituall ordinaryes, in consideration of some connexion and dependence which those causes have with some part of Xtian doctrine, which must be sought from the mouth of the priest, or in presumption of theyr faithfulness in discharging of their trusts?
VIº Whether in such a countrey as this, may lay judges, being Catholique, by commission from the Lord
224
APPENDIX.
Proprietary, or appointment of the law of the country, prove wills, and committ administrations of the goods of the deceased, intestate, or whether they must have an intention to do it as delegates of the See Apostolique, and are obliged to endeavor with effect to procure such dele- gation or else incur the censures of the Bulle cæne.
VIIº Whether in such a country as this, may a Catho- lique refuse to prove and record a will for this reason, because it giveth legacyes for masses to be sayd for the soule of the deceased, and conteynes in it the profession of the testator, to dye a member of the Roman Catholique Church, out of which there is no salvation, with other passages contrary to the religion of England, or whether he is bound to prove it, though the Lord Proprietor may incur danger for such a record?
VIIIº Whether Catholiques, being members of the General Assembly in such a country as this, may consent to the making of laws touching causes testamentary, and namely to a law which shall appoint the residue of the estate of the deceased persons, after all debts discharged and legacyes payed, to be employed to public uses of the state, and not to pious uses as it is in the other Catholique Countryes?
IX. Whether Catholiques, being members of the Gen- eral Assembly in such a country as this, may consent to a lawe prohibiting the bequeathing or otherwise aliening, of any fee to spiritual persons or religious houses, with- out leave of the prynce, and voiding all guifts and aliena- tions made otherwise?
Xº Whether a Catholique Executor or Admor, in such a country as this, may observe the order of administering the goods of the deceased, used and prescribed in Eng- land (viz. to discharge first the debts due to the prynce,
225
APPENDIX.
then executions, then judgments, etc.); or whether he is bound to observe ordinem restitutiones delivered by Casuists (as Bonacina and others) viz. to discharge first the debtes due to spirituals, and after lay debtes, in ordi- neris, and whether a Catholique may refuse such an illegal account, and compel the Executor and administrator to satisfy creditors according to the laws of England?
XIº Whether may Catholiques, being members of a general Assembly, in such a country as this, consent to lawes touching causes matrimoniall, as to appoint the pub- lishing of banns (for politique considerations) and to pro- hibit marriage without such banns published, or license obtained from the Commissary being lay; or to limit the degrees of consanguinity within which marriage shall not be contracted, or for the tryall and deterininings of causes matrimonial, or whether may a Catholique being lay under the prynce, state, grant licenses of marriage, and by com- mission from the prynce try and determine such causes according to the laws of the country, or in defect thereof according to the common law, without incurring the cen- sure B. Ca .?
XIIº Whether may Catholiques being members etc., consent to a lawe prohibiting the marriage of apprentices without the consent of theyr masters or miss'ts, and impos- ing penalties upon the priest solemnizing, etc., and. whether such a law be against liberty of marriage?
XIIIº Whether may Catholiques being members (of Assembly) consent to a lawe which for publique custom barrs the female from inheriting, or houlding of lands, unless they marry within a time limited (only leaving them a liberty to sell or dispose thereof to theyr best advantage) and is such a law against conscience?
226
APPENDIX.
XIV. Whether land granted by the Lord Proprietor to religious persons by the ordinary and common condi- tions of plantations, doth EO IPSO (because granted to reli- gious) become spiritual fee, and exempt from laica onera ?
XVº If a trespass be pretended to be committed upon the lands held by Religious persons, whether may the Religious, without trying the trespasse in some court (spiritual or temporal) proceed against the pretended tres- passer by putting in force against him the censures Bullæ Cœnæ? And whether by such declarations the party be really and to all spiritual effects involved in the censures, afore to be adjudged a tresspasser upon theyre land in some court?
A.
XVIº. When grants of lands, made by the prynce to several persons lay and Religious, are found prejudiciall to the publique, and fit to be reformed, whether may Cath'ls, being members (of Assembly) consent to a law reforming all such grants? And whether may such a general lawe include the grants made to the Religious; and whether may the prynce, by virtue of such a law, resume or reform such grants made to them afore, or with a voluntary sur- render of them by the Religious?
XVII. Whether in such a country as this may the prynce or secular Judge, being a Catholique, summon ecclesiastical persons to the_General Assembly, or draw them into secular courts where they are defendants in actions of debt, trespass, etc., and may he give sentence therein, as lawful Judge, and execute it upon theyr per- sons, lands, etc., without incurring the censures of Bullæ Cœnæ?
. XVIII. Whether may the secular Judge, being a Catholique, proceed 15 the trial of clerks being in orders,
1
* 227
APPENDIX.
for any offence against the peace etc. of the Lord Pro- prietor, or for capital cryme extending to the loss of life or members, without incurring, etc.
XIX. Whether may Catholiques, being (members of Assembly) consent to lawes imposing general contribu- tions toward public charges, for the necessary support of the prynce, or defence of the country, and whether are spiritual persons, their lands, etc., included (for want of exemption)? And whether may the secular Judge, being Catholique, proceed against such spiritual persons, etc. or religious houses, (without special and expresse license from the see Apost.)? Or may he accept such imposition from such spiritual persons voluntarily without incurring etc .?
XX. Whether the representative body mett in Gen- eral Assembly, may make lawes to dispose of the interests of particular persons, or of clergymen, not being present, nor having proxies in such Assembly (though lawfully summoned thereto), nor otherwise holding Synods pro- vinciall, wherein theyr consents to such laws might be expected, and whether are such laws against conscience?"
[Stonyhurst MSS., Anglia, Vol. IV, No. 108 k, quoted by B. T. Johnson verbatim, in The Foundation of Maryland.]
It was a contest between the older civilization and the new, between the freer constitution which was rapidly growing up in England, wherein all estates in the realm were coming to recognize and to occupy their true position under the civil government, and that former condition when every estate, and most notably the Church, was struggling for the mastery.
228 +
APPENDIX.
It was the last effort of the Church, and thus made Maryland historic soil. Other contests had to be entered into against royal despotism in England, and the attempted aristocratical sway by Parliament over America, before the victory of civilization in the dominion of the people was complete. This struggle and defeat of the ecclesiastical minority in Maryland was the beginning, of a rapidly approaching end.
MEMORIAL sent to Rome with the "Twenty Cases," by the Provincial, Father More, and laid before the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith:
"The provincial of the Society of Jesus, in England, humbly represents to your Eminence that in the month of June, 1632, the King of England granted to the noble baron of Baltimore, a Catholic, in propriety, a certain province on the sea coast of North America, inhabited by infidels, which is this day called the Land of Mary, or Maryland, after the reigning Queen of England. The said baron immediately treated with Father Richard Blount, at that time provincial, at the same time writing Father General, earnestly begging that he would select certain fathers as well for confirming the Catholics in the faith, and converting the heretics, who were designed to colonize that country, as well for propagating the faith among the infidels and savages. The affair was sur- rounded with many and heavy difficulties, for in leading "the colony to Maryland, by far the greater part were heretics, also the country itself, a meridie Virginie ab Aquilone, is esteemed to be a New England, that is, two provinces full of English Calvinists and Puritans: so that not less, nay, perhaps, greater dangers threaten our fathers
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.