USA > Maryland > Anne Arundel County > The founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. A genealogical and biographical review from wills, deeds and church records > Part 35
USA > Maryland > Howard County > The founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. A genealogical and biographical review from wills, deeds and church records > Part 35
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"To carry out this motion it was necessary for the States claim- ing this Western territory to surrender their claims into the hands of the United States, and thus create a domain which should be owned by the Confederation in common.
BOLD STEP, BUT SUCCESSFUL.
"This was a bold step taken by Maryland, and was considered to smack somewhat of centralization of power. Maryland was the only State that voted for it. She stood firm, pursued her purpose resolutely, and was rewarded with complete success.
"New York, Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts finally ceded their title to these lands, and Maryland ratified the Confedera-
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tion, having first secured as the common property of the United States all of the immense territory which has since been parceled out and established by Congress into the free and fertile States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin.
"Thus, the Confederation was perfected, the Union preserved, and this great territory was saved for the benefit of the whole united people.
LAID CORNER-STONE OF UNION.
"Maryland, by taking the stand she did and leading the way in this fight, laid the corner-stone of our Federal Union.
" The rising tide of immigration poured into this Western country, creating a sturdy and determined citizenship there, so that, when Spain claimed the exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River and decided to abrogate the privilege that had been enjoyed by these settlers to deposit their products at the mouth of the Mississippi River for exportation, the cry of hot protest came from these fearless pioneers of the West notifying the politicians of the New World that these freemen of the frontiers of the nation would not tolerate the abridgment of their rights and would insist upon the free navigation of the Mississippi River and their right to send their products through it to the ocean.
WORK OF JEFFERSON AND MONROE.
" It was this vigorous protest of these new sons of the West, demanding prompt action by the Administration at Washington, that aroused President Jefferson and caused him to take steps looking to the acquisition of New Orleans and securing from France the right of deposit and free, uninterrupted navigation of the Mississippi River.
"He at once sent James Monroe to Paris to negotiate-not the purchase of the entire Louisiana Territory, but simply to acquire New Orleans and the Floridas east of the Mississippi River-and, failing in that, then to secure the right to our citizens to own property in New Orleans and to deposit their products for export.
" When Mr. Monroe reached Paris he found that our resident Minister, Mr. Livingston, had been in negotiation with the French Government for the purchase of New Orleans and the Floridas. He also found that Napoleon, then the First Consul, had declared his purpose of selling the whole of Louisiana to the United States, because of the fear that England would seize that territory as her first act of war. In an interview with Marbois, one of his Ministers, upon the subject, Napoleon said:
"' Irresolution and deliberation are no longer in season. I renounce Louisiana. It is not only New Orleans that I cede-it is the whole colony, without reserve. I know the price of what I abandon. I have proved the importance I attach to this province, since my first diplomatic act with Spain had the object of recovering it. I renounce it with the greatest regret; to attempt obstinately
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to retain it would be folly. I direct you to negotiate the affair, and have an interview this very day with Mr. Livingston.'
" I will not weary you with the details of the negotiations result- ing in the purchase of the whole of Louisiana. The price paid was $15,000,000, and France ceded this immense territory to the United States on April 30, 1803.
STATES CARVED OUT OF WILDERNESS.
"What a progressive, prosperous group of States and Terri- tories has been carved out of this land-Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, parts of Kansas, Colorado, Mon- tana, Minnesota, Wyoming and Louisiana, all of the Indian Territory and part of Oklahoma! Its area is more than seven times that of Great Britain and Ireland. It is larger than Great Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal and Italy combined, and is only one-fourth less than the area of the thirteen original States.
"Two of these States, Colorado and Montana, produced in one year $89,938,708.95 in gold, silver, copper and lead-over five times the purchase price paid by the United States.
"The annual agricultural products reach a total of billions in this territory, and its present population is over 13,500,000.
THE STORY OF MARYLAND.
"We Marylanders are proud of the history of our State, and venerate the deeds of our forefathers. Therefore, I ask your indul- gence whilst I briefly tell you the story of Maryland. She stands as the seventh in the original galaxy of thirteen States, because she was the seventh to adopt the Constitution forming the permanent Union. The very foundation of the colony of Maryland was of national importance, because the principal of religious toleration was introduced by the founder. From the time of the landing at St. Mary's until to-day, liberty of conscience has been the funda- mental right of every person in Maryland.
TRUE HISTORY OF ACT OF TOLERATION.
"Much has been written upon the subject of the Act of Tolera- tion of 1649. The true history may be briefly stated. Cecilius Calvert, being vested with extraordinary power over a great terri- tory, determined to found there a free English State, where all the rights and liberties of every English freeman would be protected. To do this he divested himself and his heirs of the princely preroga- tives granted to him by his charter. He caused to be drafted at home, and then adopted by the freemen of Maryland, codes of laws which transferred English institutions to Maryland. By orders, proclama- tions and conditions of plantation he strengthened and fortified these institutions thus transplanted. Believing that Magna Charta and the right of petition guaranteed every Englishman the right to
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liberty of person and security of property, he was wise enough to see and brave enough to declare that these rights were worthless without liberty of conscience.
" He, therefore, adopted and declared that to be the principle on which the foundations of Maryland should be laid. From the first, he intended to secure all those rights, privileges and franchises, not alone to Roman Catholics, nor yet alone to Englishmen, but to all Christian people of all the nations of the world.
" In doing this he was supported by the whole social influence of the Roman Catholics of England and by the power of the Society of Jesus.
SAFETY AND SHELTER FOR ALL.
"Under this institution the Puritans settled at Providence, the Quakers at West River and the Presbyterians on the Patuxent. It gave shelter to the Huguenots after the massacre of St. Bartholomew, and to Roman Catholics from the murders and burnings of San Domingo.
"Notwithstanding its repeated external overthrow by force or faction, it has always been imbedded in the life of the people. In the wars, insurrections, revolutions, rebellions and civil broils which swept the province in its earlier days, neither life, liberty nor property has ever been sacrificed in the fury of religious fanaticism. Blood has been shed in the struggles of factions, but no man has ever been put to death on account of his religion in Maryland.
STRUGGLED FOR FREEMEN'S RIGHTS.
"The growth of popular government was early manifested in Colonial Maryland. In the very first Assembly, in 1635, every freeman was entitled to a seat and voice in the proceedings. The second Assembly was held in 1637, and the freemen rejected the code of laws offered by Lord Baltimore, although liberal and just, claiming the right to originate legislation for themselves. Thus began the fight in Maryland for the rights of freemen.
"In 1739 the Assembly successfully opposed taxes being imposed without its consent, and this fight went on until 1765, when the attempt to place taxes by Parliament and the tea tax of 1767 so aroused the people that the protest was universal throughout the colony.
"Meetings were held all over the State to protest against the closing of the port of Boston, and provisions were sent to aid the almost starving people of that city, thus showing the earnest sym- pathy of the people of Maryland in their fight for the great principle of 'No taxation without representation.'
BURNING OF THE PEGGY STEWART.
"In all of the movements that led up to the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War Maryland stood in the forefront. The first overt act of her people against the authority of
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the King of England was on October 19, 1774, when her fearless patriots compelled Anthony Stewart to burn his brig, the Peggy Stewart, with her cargo of tea, in the harbor of Annapolis. This was done in broad daylight, by men undisguised, whose motto was 'Liberty, or death in the pursuit of it.'
"Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, nominated George Washington in the Continental Congress to be Commander in Chief of the American Army.
"The Maryland Riflemen, under Michael Cresap, were the first organized troops to respond to the call of liberty. They fought side by side with the Puritans of Massachusetts at Concord and Lexington.
MARYLAND'S "FOUR HUNDRED."
"It was Maryland's 'Four Hundred,' under the intrepid Gist, who, after six successive bayonet charges, saved Washington's army at Long Island, in August, 1776. The greatest crisis in that battle was the superb action of these immortal Marylanders. They held the British Army of 4,000 in check until the Americans moved across to the Jersey shore. Two hundred and sixty-seven of their number were killed or wounded.
"Their bravery and heroism caused General Washington to exclaim, 'Great God! what brave men I must this day lose. '
COVERED WASHINGTON'S RETREAT.
"The 'Maryland line,' under command of Colonel Smallwood, composed Washington's rear guard in his masterly retreat through New Jersey.
"Maryland soldiers participated in every hard-fought battle of the Revolution, from Long Island to Yorktown, and were especially distinguished for bravery at Camden, Eutaw Springs, Guilford Courthouse, Hobkirk's Hill and Cowpens. They were the 'old guard' of the Continental forces, 'the bayonets of the Revolution.'
COLONEL TILGHMAN'S FAMOUS RIDE.
"It was a son of Maryland, Colonel Tench Tilghman, Washing- ton's aide, who rode from Yorktown to Philadelphia, carrying the news of Cornwallis' surrender to the Continental Congress. He crossed the Chesapeake Bay to the Eastern Shore of Maryland in an open boat, where, procuring a horse, he started on his way, riding in the dim watches of the night. When his horse gave out he would ride up to a house and call out, 'A horse for the Congress, Cornwallis is taken!' There was a flash of light, a patter of glad feet, a welcome and a godspeed. This was repeated time and again, until, finally, thundering into Philadelphia at midnight, Independence bell was rung, Congress convened, and the watchman on his rounds proclaimed, 'Twelve o'clock; all's well and Cornwallis is taken.'
"Maryland has taken a foremost place in our wars since the Revolution, and in every movement for the advancement of liberty, the welfare of the people, and the maintenance of the peace, prestige and dignity of the Government.
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HER CONTRIBUTION TO WAR OF 1812.
"She contributed more money and men for the War of 1812 than any other State. The annals of that war show that of the 240 naval officers who served on our ships, Maryland furnished forty-six, nearly one-fifth, and more than any other State; all of the New England States together sending only forty-two, and New York but seventeen. And in the number of privateers sent out to prey upon British commerce, Baltimore headed the list of cities.
"Her quota of volunteers for the Mexican War was promptly recruited. They were a brave band of soldiers, and won glory for their State. When General Taylor called for 'a little more grape, Captain Bragg,' it was Ringgold's Flying Artillery (from Maryland) that furnished the grape.
SENTIMENT DIVIDED IN 1861.
"In 1860 Maryland's electoral vote was cast for Bell and Everett, showing that a majority of her people were for the Constitution and the Union. Although a majority of her most substantial citizens sympathized with the cause of the South, she refused to secede from the Union. Her sons were divided in the contest. Those who wore the gray believed that the South was right, and, so believing, fought bravely, and endured suffering and privations for the faith that was in them and the cause they espoused. So with those who volunteered to sustain the Union. Maryland honors the valor of all of her sons, those who wore the gray as well as those who wore the blue.
"In evidence of this spirit she has erected a monument upon the battlefield of Antietam to commemorate their devotion to duty. On the tablets are inscribed the names of the commands, Union and Confederate, and the battles in which they participated.
"This monument was presented to the National Cemetery Commission by the State of Maryland in the presence of old soldiers of both armies, and was accepted by our martyred President, William McKinley, who did more than any other public man to obliterate the animosities of the war and reunite our people.
DID NOT HANG BACK IN 1898.
"Maryland's quota of volunteers for the Spanish War was quickly furnished. Her National Guard responded enthusiastically, each regiment clamoring to be sent to the front.
"Maryland took the initiative in many important matters of legislation. She passed the first law to naturalize a foreign-born citizen. She was the first State to recognize by law the possibility of steam navigation. She did this by granting to James Rumsey the exclusive right of steam navigation in the waters of the State. She. was the first State, after Virginia, to embody in her form of govern- ment the famous Bill of Rights formulated by George Mason.
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HISTORICAL EVENTS UPON HER SOIL.
"Many interesting historical events have taken place upon her soil. It was in the Senate Chamber, in the old Capitol now standing at Annapolis, that Washington resigned his commission as Commander in Chief of the army and returned it to Congress and retired to private life-the sublimest act of his sublime life.
"It was in that hallowed chamber that the treaty of peace with England, which ended the war, was ratified by Congress.
"It was in that same historic chamber that the initial conven- tion was held to promote the organization of a more permanent Government. It suggested the calling of a convention to formulate a Constitution and found the Union.
CRADLE OF PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA.
"Maryland was the cradle of the Presbyterian Church in America. The first regularly constituted church of that denomina- tion in the United States was erected at Rehoboth, Somerset County, now Wicomico County, with Rev. Francis Makemie as its first minister. Maryland was the only colony where the Presbyterians could get toleration.
"It was in Maryland that the first bishop of the Episcopal Church consecrated in America, resided-Right Reverend Thomas John Claggett, Bishop of the Diocese of Maryland, who performed an important part in laying the foundations of this great and historic Church.
"It was in Maryland that the Methodist Episcopal Church of America was established, and the first house of worship built by that now powerful Christian denomination that has done so much for the upbuilding of both civilization and religion in this as well as in other countries.
OLDEST ROMAN CATHOLIC DIOCESE.
"In Maryland is the oldest Roman Catholic diocese in the United States-the Archdiocese of Baltimore.
"The first Archbishop of that Church in this country was a Marylander, and it is fitting that the name of Archbishop Carroll should be linked in State pride with that of his kinsman, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, the signer of the Declaration of Independence.
" Maryland to-day is the head of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. Representing that Church we have in Baltimore its only Cardinal in the United States-Cardinal Gibbons, that man of simple and pure life, true Americanism and high patriotism.
" Thus, it will be seen that upon Maryland's soil was first estab- lished in the United States these four great Christian Churches, that have been such potential forces in shaping the destiny and greatness of our nation.
"Not only has Maryland been the scene of historical events, but many of the important industrial, inventive and scientific conceptions have been born within her borders.
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FIRST STEAMBOAT FLOATED IN HER WATERS.
"It was in Maryland waters that the first steamboat was floated. It was invented by a Marylander, James Rumsey, twenty-five years before Fulton launched the Claremont. General Washington, who witnessed the trial on the Potomac, gave a certificate of the success of the experiment.
FIRST RAILROAD IN AMERICA.
"It was in Maryland that the first steam railroad in America was built and the first electric railway in the world was operated. It was in Maryland that the first iron plates for ship-building were made. It was in Maryland that the first telegraph line in the world was constructed, and the first water company and the first gas com- pany were organized. It was a Marylander, Obed Hussey, who in- invented the first sickle-knife for reapers, and the first perfect and successful self-raking reaper was invented by Owen Dorsey, of Howard County, Maryland.
"The heraldic device of the Great Seal of Maryland discloses the fact that the supporters of the shield are a farmer and a fisher- man. In the days of the Province these two avocations were the only ones, and to-day they form the most important factors in the prosperity of the State.
AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.
"The agricultural products of the State amount to $43,823,419 annually. No more favored land for agricultural purposes can be found in the United States. While corn, wheat and tobacco are the staples, yet every product of the temperate zone can be produced within her borders in the greatest abundance.
"Frederick County, the home of General Baughman, ranks as the third agricultural county in productiveness in the United States. "Of Maryland's total area of 12,210 square miles, 2,350 are covered by the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, which teem with terrapin, oysters, crabs and fish in almost endless variety, while to the swamps and the marshes annually come thous- ands of ducks, geese and other wild fowl. The value of the annual yield from the products of these waters is over $10,000,000.
NOT BACKWARD IN MANUFACTURES.
" Maryland is also taking her place in the front rank of manu- facturing States. Her output of manufactured goods last year amounted to $242,752,990. By reason of her proximity to the stores of raw material, to the great coal fields and her splendid water power, with unequaled water courses and great railroad connections, there is every inducement for the establishment of manufactories.
"The mineral resources of Maryland are extensive, and but partly developed. Iron ore is abundant and of good quality. Lime- stone and marble of good quality, and granite unequaled, are pro-
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fusely distributed throughout the State. Her coal mines are practi- cally inexhaustible, and yield more than $5,000,000 annually. Her deposits of clay and kaolin furnish material for brick and pottery.
HEALTHY CLIMATE, HOSPITABLE PEOPLE.
"Her climate is salubrious and healthy. Her hills and dales are pleasing and attractive to the eye. Her people are hospitable and cultured. Her public schools rank with those of any State in the Union. Her taxation-for State, county and municipal purposes- is moderate. Her churches are numerous, and her people are moral and law-abiding.
"In fact, Maryland can boast of a citizenship, of a culture, of everything that promotes happiness and contentment. In the words of her distinguished poet, Randall, the author of 'Maryland, My Maryland,' 'There is faith in her stream; there is strength in her hills; there is life in the old land yet.'
BALTIMORE A CITY OF FAIR WOMEN.
"I cannot close without referring to our metropolis, Baltimore, our beautiful city, famed for her fair daughters, her monuments, her beautiful parks, her churches, her colleges of medicine and law; her great Johns Hopkins University, which has in a quarter of a century won a position in the front rank of the universities of the world; of her hospitals-unsurpassed in their equipment for ministering to suffering humanity; of her libraries; her old Historical Society, filled with the data that tells the brilliant story of our Commonwealth, and, above all, of her progressive, wide-awake and up-to-date merchants.
"Our city ranks next to St. Louis in population, but she stands upon an equal footing with her in all of the characteristics that go to make up an enterprising community. Baltimore sends greetings to St. Louis and hopes that this Exposition will prove advantageous to her, and be an inspiration that will yield fruit in the future.
PLUCK AND ENERGY AFTER THE FIRE.
" A great fire swept away the very heart of our city on the 7th of February, 1904, destroying property valued at $75,000,000. Our people, with a courage and grit unsurpassed, turned at once to the task of restoration and worked with a vim, so that to-day the work of reconstruction is so well under way that within a year a new, substantial and beautiful city will have been built upon her ruins, thus demonstrating that our people are of that type that knows no failure or discouragement, and who can meet with stout hearts any emergency.
'Without aid, but with warm sympathy from every quarter, our merchants have rehabilitated themselves, taken care of their cus- tomers, and pushed forward Baltimore's fame.
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PRIDE OF MARYLANDERS IN MARYLAND.
"These facts about Maryland justify the love that every Mary- lander bears for his native State. He can point with pride to her record of patriotism, to her contribution to the progressive work of the world, to her statesmen, her soldiers, her sailors. Her sons and their descendants have furnished much of the brain and brawn which have contributed to 'The Winning of the West.'
"Missouri is a large debtor to Maryland. Many of her sturdy, enterprising, wide-awake business men are of Maryland stock or natives of our State. We are proud of such sons. They reflect credit upon their Maryland ancestry."
Personally, Governor Warfield is a man of great magnetism and strength of character.
Feeling that the people were the source of all political power and advancement, he went to them, and it was only after the people had indicated their choice that the organization leaders yielded and followed after.
Perhaps the most popular speech ever made by the Governor was that spoken in Middletown Valley, before an immense concourse of admiring farmers, their wives and their children. In that happy line of thought which comes from the heart, the Governor spoke of true home life. He spoke knowingly, for it is his greatest delight to be at home directing and admiring and resting when official cares are removed and all nature offers him a home of rest.
Concerning that Middletown speech, the Baltimore "Sun," in an editorial, thus endorsed the Governor:
" In his own well-regulated and happy home life, based on order, peace, contentment, the Governor of Maryland is deservedly entitled to be rated as the first citizen of the State. As the Governor, he, in fact, occupies such relation. As the head of a family governed by such principles as he has enunciated, he is worthy of follow- ing, for he is a man of plain, orderly living, active and industrious in his personal business, solicitous for the welfare of his fellow-citizens in the education of their children and in the regulation of their home life, and is inspired by high ideals for others, as well as himself. He cannot fail to hold a firm place in the hearts and homes of his. countrymen."
In 1886 Mr. Warfield married Emma, daughter of the late J. Courtney Nicodemus, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, originally of the Cumberland Valley family, who were descendants of noted Indian fighters, and who were revolutionary soldiers and patriots.
Governor and Mrs. Warfield have four children. Their only son, Edwin Warfield, Jr., is a student of St. John's College. Their daughters, Carrie and Louise, are still at school upon the Hudson. Miss Emma, the youngest, is at home and governs the Governor.
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