USA > Maine > Cumberland County > Bustins Island > History of Bustins Island, Casco Bay, 1660-1960 > Part 1
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HISTORY of BUSTINS ISLAND
CASCO BAY 1660-1960
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٠٠٠٠
HISTORY
of
BUSTINS ISLAND
CASCO BAY
1660 - 1960
by GEORGE B. RICHARDSON Bustins Island, Maine Copyright 1960
Allen County Public Library 900 Webster Street PO Box 2270 Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270
...
--
George B. Richardson
PREFACE
Each summer since 1917 I have been coming to Bustins Island and have spent considerable time boating and exploring among the islands of Casco Bay. Bustins has always been an interesting place and its people ex- ceptionally friendly.
I often wondered who built the two old farm houses located on the island and in 1955 began to make some inquiries. It was evident that not muchi was known publicly about them and that there was also considerable interesting island history, including the nearby area, which needed to be recorded. With this in mind I began to collect data and a variety of pictures for a history of Bustins Island.
It has been my intention to portray Bustins as completely and simply as possible and wish to express my gratitude to many Freeport people and the following Bustins folks for their cooperation in making this history possible: Mrs. Wallace L. Sawyer; the Misses Molly and Georgianna Saw- yer; Mr. and Mrs. Charles Brainard; Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kitchen; Mr. Herbert B. Cole; Mrs. Frank L. Garfield; Mrs. Herbert L. Norris, and Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Brewer.
References for the History of Bustins Island were obtained from the following sources.
Portland Public Library, Portland, Maine
Historical records of Yarmouth and Freeport, Maine
Historical Societies of Boston, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine Vital records of Harpswell and Phippsburg, Maine
Cumberland County, Registry of Deeds, Portland, Maine
Library of Congress and U.S. Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. Map Division
The records of The Cottagers Association and The Bustins Island Village Corporation 1905 - 1960
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HISTORY OF BUSTINS ISLAND CASCO BAY 1660 - 1960
Early Discoveries And Indians Of Casco Bay
In 1603 Captain Martin Pring in the ship Speedwell sailing from 1603 Bristol, England, is accredited with being one of the first to discover and ex- plore among the islands of Casco Bay. The year before, Bartholomew Gos- nold, an adventurous sailor, had visited the coast of Maine, and had re- turned to England to relate his discoveries. He had brought back some sassafras, which was one of the ingredients in a tonic or medicine much in demand at the time. Captain Martin Pring followed a route similar to that of Gosnold, although he spent more time in his exploration of the coast of Maine, which included the islands of Casco Bay. Here, no doubt, as well as on other points along the coast, they encountered the Indians who were at first afraid of the white man in the giant winged canoe, but soon made friendly advances to trade fish, furs and venison for hardware and trifling trinkets. Captain Pring continued his voyage to the southern part of Mas- sachusetts, where, having loaded his ship with sassafras and furs he re- turned to England.
Samuel De Champlain in 1604 sailed along the Maine coast and in 1604 his account of Casco Bay, he speaks of it as a bay where there are a great many islands and from which large mountains are seen in the west. The following year George Weymouth, an English captain, lured five Indians on board his ship, the Archangel, and took them back to England. This betray- al was believed to have been the beginning of much of the trouble with the Indians that followed in the years to come.
There were four tribes of Indians residing in Maine called Abenaki. One of the sub-tribes which was known as the Aucocisco, lived in the Casco Bay area. The name Casco takes its name from a contraction of the Indian name Aucocisco meaning "place of the heron." Many places along the shores of the mainland and on the islands bear witness to the residence of Indian tribes. Merepoint was a favorite summer camping spot. Every June the various tribes met there to hold council and engage in hunting, fishing and sporting activity. Then as fall approached they would load their canoes with hides, fish and sun cured clams and head for their inland villages snug in the deep pine forests of the mainland.
1
There are numerous shell heaps on many of the islands of Casco Bay. These heaps are now covered with grasses and shrubs, attesting to the camping sites of many of these Indians. Lane's Island was one such place, es numerous relics in the form of arrowheads and other implements have been found there. On Harpswell Neck there is a place known as the "Old Carrying Place." This is a narrow piece of land separating the water over which the Indians hauled their canoes.
Indian Arrowheads and other stone implements like these found on the islands in Casco Bay
In 1607 Captain George Popham, accompanied by Captain Raleigh 1607 Gilbert, a nephew of Sir Walter Raleigh, attempted to settle a colony at the entrance of the Kennebec River, but the lateness of their arrival in August scarcely allowed them time to erect shelter before the approach of winter. More than half of them returned to England with sickness in December. Captain Popham died during the winter and the remainder returned in the following spring. No further attempts to colonize were made for many Tears.
In 1614 there arrived that picturesque adventurer and excellent 1014 gentleman, Captain John Smith, who had been prominent in the settlement of Jamestown. He went from point to point, harbor to harbor, gathering data for a description and map of this region. On his chart we may plainly see the islands and coves of Casco Bay which he indicated under the Indian name of Amoorisco. Captain Smith related. "Westward of Kennebeke is the country of the Aucocisco in the bottom of a large bay, full of many great isles, which divide it into many great harbors."
2
II King James Grant And First Settlers
1620
In 1620 King James the First of England granted land in the western hemisphere, between forty and forty-eight degrees of north latitude, to a council of forty in the town of Plymouth, England. This grant is the basis for ownership in the present town of Freeport. In 1622 the Council granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason, two members of this council, all lands between the river Merrimac and Sagadohoc, extending back to the Great Lakes and river of Canada. A division was made twelve years later in which Mason took the land on the western side of the Piscata- qua - now New Hampshire - and Gorges the eastern territory - all of the present Maine. Sir Ferdinando Gorges was a prominent man in Plym- outh, England, a member of the Council, and had been active in attempt- ing to establish a colony in Saco, Maine. In 1622 he authorized his agent, a Richard Vines, to act as deputy to care for his interests in Maine, then called New Somersetshire.
1623
About this time there were several pioneers who came into promi- nence of whom we might mention a few. Sir Christopher Leavitt in 1623 settled on an island at the entrance of Portland Harbor. In 1632 George Cleeve and Richard Tucker were two of the first settlers of Casco Neck, now Portland. Four years later, a William Royall occupied a point of land call- ed Foggs Point, in Westcustogo, now Yarmouth. The river today still bears his name.
Jewell Island takes its name from George Jewell, who in 1636 1636 bought the island from the Indians, in exchange for some gunpowder, rum and half a dozen fish hooks. In the following year he sold the island to Henry Donnell who carried on a large fishing business there.
John Cousins is mentioned by an order of the Gorges Court as an in- 1637 habitant of Casco Bay in 1637, where he owned some three hundred acres on the mainland near the Cousins River. In 1645 he purchased from Rich- ard Vines the two islands, one of which he named Cousins and the other Littlejohns.
Hugh Moshier came from London to Boston in 1632. He later moved 1658 to Saco and then East Deering. In 1658 he settled in Westcustogo near the entrance of the Royall River in Yarmouth, and purchased the two islands which have since borne his name.
Lane Island received its name from James Lane who acquired title to the Island about this time along with other property on the mainland.
Thomas Sheppard and Ann, his wife, had their home on the point of land to the east of the Harraseeket River in 1666, which was later named Wolf Neck after a Henry Wolf who had married Sheppard's daughter.
3
Captain John Jocelyn, who had visited the Province of Maine, pub- lished in London an interesting record of his voyage. In it he writes, "The people of the Province of Maine may be divided into magistrates, husband- men or planters and fishermen. Of the magistrates, some be royalists, the rest perverse spirits. The like are the planters and fishermen. They have a custom of taking tobacco, sleeping at noon, sitting long at meals, sometimes four times a day and now and then drinking a dram. The fishermen take yearly upon the coast many hundred quintals of Cod, Hake, Haddock and Pollock."
1660
Among the meager records in early York Deeds, we have mention of a John Bustion, as having owned "Bustion's Island" about 1660. On what date he purchased the island and from whom, there seem to be no records. John Bustion may have been an Indian trader engaged in the fur trade and purchased the island from the Indians, or he may have received title to it through Ferdinando Gorges or George Cleeve, who in 1634 received a com- mission as deputy governor under a Colonel Alexander Rigby. Colonel Rigby had bought certain patents which included this area in Casco Bay. One fact is clear, in that John Bustion occupied the Island long enough for it to become known in those days as "Bustion's Island." We do know that about 1667, John Bustion sold the island to a William Haines of Pine Point -now called Flying Point.
1667
A few cases appear in the records of the court held in Casco (Port- land) in 1667. Sabbath breaking in various forms seem the most serious charge. William Haines was complained of by John Cousins as a common liar. Haines retaliated by charging Cousins with playing cards on the Lord's Day, but both failed to prove the truth of their allegations to the satisfaction of the court. For traveling on the Sabbath, John, the son of Hugh Moshier, was indicted, but pleaded not guilty on the grounds that he did so in order to save his neighbor, Mr. Lane, from drowning. The court, however, seems to have some doubt as to the truth of this and he was fined five shillings and costs with the promise that if he would prove the truth of what he said, the money would be returned.
4
1675
In 1675 King Philip's Indian War broke out in Massachusetts and soon spread to Maine. A reign of terror now began. A number of houses were burned and families lived in constant fear of the scalping knife and tomahawk. In August, 1676, some of the inhabitants around Casco Bay es- caped to Jewell Island. The remoteness of its situation and its nearness to the usual course of vessels passing the coast made it seem to them a safe place of retreat. However, on the second of September, a band of Indians approached Jewell Island in canoes. They landed quietly and rushed un- observed toward the one house on the island, cutting off the retreat of the women and children who were nearby at the shore. There was, however, a boy in the house who succeeded in firing two shots, giving the alarm to the men who were out fishing. On the shore the Indians seized Mrs. Richard Potts and some of her children. Rowing to shore with all speed, the men rushed at the Indians and succeeded in gaining their way to the house. The enemy was finally driven off, although two settlers were killed and five were captured. A passing boat later removed the families to a place of safety. Also at this time a number of small settlements were completely burned on the mainland around Portland, and the Massachusetts government sent aid to the stricken families in this area.
1678
In 1678 Massachusetts obtained possession of the province of Maine by purchasing it through an intermediary from the Gorges' heirs. Thomas Danforth, the Deputy Governor of Massachusetts, was elected Provincial President.
In 1688 a second disastrous war with the Indians erupted, and again in 1703. It is said that no town east of Wells survived. It was not until about 1715 that some of the old settlers began to return. The records of the form- er proprietors of many towns had been lost, title deeds destroyed and a quarter century of desolation had made many landmarks difficult to find.
1700
In 1700 a committee was appointed by the General Court of Massa- chusetts to examine the claims of persons to lands in the district. They held sessions for many years and the record of their findings is found in "the Book of Eastern Claims." An entry appears in this book in which Francis Haines, son of the late William Haines, made a claim for the lands owned by his father at Pine Point and Bustions Island. This claim stated that his father had improved these lands and "had several children born in ye said place, North Yarmouth, the said claimer being one of them."
5
In 1713, Francis Haines, John Redding and John Lane all from 1713 Gloucester, testified to a claim in a Massachusetts Court, to which we have the following record: "John Redding of Gloucester, aged 60, claimed that he was at one time neighbor to one William Haines who had lived at Pine Point and who also did improve an island called by ye name of Bustions." He further stated, "That a John Bustion had lived with his father a while after he deeded the island to Mr. Willaim Haines in 1667, that he, John Red- ding, did help bury John Bustion, who had died forty years ago (1673) that he did hear Bustion say in his life time, that he had sold his island to Mr. William Haines and received goods for it." Francis Haines died about 1715 and the courts did not recognize the claims of the Haines family.
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6
III
"The Powells"
1722
In 1722 a petition, signed by representatives of both resident and non-resident proprietors of the area of North Yarmouth, was presented to the General Court of Massachusetts requesting certain privileges, namely that a committee of five be appointed, whose homes were around Boston, to control the re-settlement and manage the business affairs of the town. Furthermore, they asked that a copy of the early records of the town in the hands of the secretary of the committee on Eastern Claims, be delivered to this new board of trustees. On June 28th the order granting this petition passed both houses, was signed by the Governor and a committee appointed. They were: William Tailer, Elisha Cook, William Dudley, John Smith and John Powell, all distinguished men in the colony of Massachusetts.
John Powell was the most prominent member of this committee. He moved from Boston to North Yarmouth, which was a settlement near the Royall River. He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He later be- came private secretary to Lieutenant Governor William Dummer of Massa- chusetts and married Anne Dummer, the governor's sister. Richard Dum- mer, her grandfather, was one of the first settlers of Newbury, Massachu- setts, where he owned a large estate. He had been interested in an area on Flying Point as early as 1666 and had been instrumental in trying to settle some colonists who had received a patent to this territory. It appears that this group failed to locate there, for in 1683 Richard Dummer was granted title to 900 acres on Flying Point.
1738
In 1738, the work of this Boston committee was completed and for their efforts in helping to resettle the affairs of North Yarmouth, the towns- people voted to give the members of the committee certain lands located in the northeastern part of the town. "William Tailor and Elisha Cook were given little Chebasquadegan containing five hundred acres more or less, to be divided accordingly." "William Dudley, Esq., also received a certain is- land known by the name of Little Damaris Cove containing 150 acres more or less. William Dudley, John Smith, John Powell and Mrs. Timothy Prout were given the following islands to be equally divided among them. They were: Birch, Upper and Lower Goose and "Bustain Island." John Powell received Bustins Island and also another small island known as Basket Island.
7
John Powell died in 1742 and his son Jeremiah Dummer Powell in- herited Bustins Island. Jeremiah D. Powell became prominent in town af- fairs. In 1768 he married a Sarah Bromfield. Later, he was chosen into the the provincial council and after Massachusetts established a state consti- tution, he became a senator and served in that capacity until his death, Sep- · tember 17, 1784. It appears unlikely that the Powell family ever lived on Bustins Island although they held title to it for many years.
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8
IV
Freeport And Shipbuilding Days
1755
In 1755 the entire country was involved in what was known in his- tory as the French and Indian War. One event connected with this war was the Means Massacre which took place on Flying Point, where a band of Indians attacked the family of Thomas Means. The family consisted of Thomas Means and Mrs. Means, their young daughters Alice and Jane, and an infant son Robert. There was also present Mrs. Means' sister, Mollie Finney, a girl of about sixteen, and a young man, John Martin. They were living in a log cabin situated near the shore, just above Little Flying Point.
The outlying settlers had been warned to take refuge in their gar- rison houses, but the Means family decided to wait until the next morning. On May 10, 1756, shortly after daybreak, an attack was made. Thomas Means was killed by the first shot. At the time of the encounter Mrs. Means was holding Robert, aged eighteen months, in her arms. A second bullet passed through the infant's body, killing him, and lodged in his mother's breast. While this was taking place, Martin in the room above, was search- ing for his gun, mislaid in the dark, when he found it he fired at the Indians, wounding one of them. Alice was seized but eluded her captor, while the little girl Jane hid in the ashpit. The Indians were uncertain regarding the number of men opposing them, and one of them being wounded, they re- treated, taking with them Molly Finney. Alice and Jane reappeared after the skirmish unharmed, but Molly Finney was taken to Quebec, where she was sold to a Frenchman and forced to serve as housemaid until she was rescued and returned some years later.
1776
These were difficult times in the development of the area around Casco Bay. The French and Indian Wars and later the Revolutionary War retarded settlement in the outlying sections. A chart of Casco Bay, printed in 1776, drawn by Des Barres for the British Admiralty in London, reveals considerable detail; such as houses and farms. Bustins Island, on this English chart is clearly indicated. The detail shows a few houses and farms on Flying Point, two houses on Goose and a number on Chebeague, Cousins and Harpswell. Bustins shows no structure.
1789
In 1789 Freeport was set apart from North Yarmouth and incorpo- rated in that year as the sixty-fourth town in Maine. In the separation from North Yarmouth, Freeport received the following islands; South- worths, Crab, Bustins, Little Bustins, Sow and Pigs, French, Pettengill, Williams, Sister, and a number of small islands near shore.
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The period in history from 1790 to 1850 was one of steady growth. In the town of Freeport a number of new roads had been laid out. Fishing, lumbering, farming and shipbuilding had become important business. The section of Freeport known as Mast Landing, which is at the head of the tide on the Harraseeket River, was one of the noteworthy places at the time. The name is derived from the fact that this was one of the receiving places for the masts of the King's Navy. In colonial times, it was decreed that all white pine exceeding twenty four inches in diameter and one foot above the ground, standing on land not granted to private owners should be re- served for the King. The masts and spars delivered here were cut in the present towns of Freeport, Durham and Pownal. It has been said that the territory included in the vicinity of Mast Landing grew some of the finest pines in Maine. Considerable skill was required to cut and deliver the masts and spars in good condition. Some of the timbers were ninety to a hundred feet long and over three feet in diameter at the base.
The Dennison Mill was located here in this area in 1804. This mill received its power from a water wheel which turned a crank, which in turn imparted an up and down motion to a saw. A log was then forced through on a carriage to make boards and planks. The marks of such a saw may be seen on all rough boards in houses built during this period.
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