USA > Maine > York County > Berwick > Annual report of the municipal officers of the town of Berwick, Maine, 1894 > Part 2
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13 00
16 11-
33- Lot 1 pa 1 0x
70 %
91.3
21-21
110 4 he.
- Hor
300 400
12
13
14
32
3 00
12
41
80 lbs. superphosphate and 2 screen doors, 3 00
12 window screens,
4 00
60 lbs. gluton meal,
65
1 bushel oats, 1 1-2 bushel meal,
1 95
2 1-2 bu. corn,
1 25
110 lbs. rice corn,
4 24
4 bu. barley,
1
4 00
60 lbs. ham,
7 20
70 lbs. beef,
4 44
2 1-2 bu. beans,
5 00
Horse hay fork,
3 00
3 3-4 M. shingles,
6 75 -
Lot of lumber,
14 00
1 pair block wheels,
15 00
1 ox wagon,
5 00
Horse rake,
10 00
82 bushels potatoes, 75c,
61 50
16 bu. small potatoes,
4 80
1 1-2 bbl. apples,
2 00
300 lbs. pork,
18 00
400 lbs. cabbage,
. 4 00
8 bushels turnips,
2 00
12 cider casks,
4 80
90 gals. cider,
8 00
40 gals. vinegar,
6 00
13 1-2 lbs. butter,
3 37
7 gals. pickles,
1 75
14 1-2 qts. mince meat,
1 50
32 lbs. lard,
2 50
42
6 lbs. tripe,
8 quarts peaches,
1 60
2 quarts jelly,
80
6 quarts cranberry preserve,
72
17 quarts blueberries,
2 55
5 quarts canned apples,
50
16 quarts tomatoes,
1 12
7 quarts canned pears,
84
2 quarts spiced currants,
81
6 quarts spiced apples,
20
3 quarts ketchup,
75
2 quarts flax seed meal,
25
1 box medicine,
1 70
1 bu. salted cucumbers,
2 00
2-3 bbl. flour,
3 00
Tea, coffee, spices and sugar,
2 00
1 gal. molasses,
60
Soap, candles, matches and tobacco,
1 50
Oat meal, starch, raisins and currants,
1 00
Salæratus, cream tartar and cocoa,
45
Powder and fuse,
65
3 lbs. nails and sprinkler,
87
3 scythes, snaths and 4 rakes,
2 00
1 cross-cut saw,
1 00
Scalding tub,
50
10 1-2 cords wood,
42 00
4 cords, 4 feet long,
12 00
4 cords, not prepared,
8 00
1 baby carriage, 4 00
D:
La R P
3
?
Mi' Har
40
43
Lamps and lanterns,
1 50
$1040 65 D. W. SPENCER, GEO. H. FILES, 1
Appraisers.
RANSOM D. ROBERTS, In account with TOWN FARM.
From Feb. 22, 1893 to Feb. 26, 1894.
CASH RECEIVED.
Milk,
$159 81
Hay and bedding,
50 00
Vegetables,
19 39
Cabbage,
49 43
Butter,
24 06
Eggs,
43 09
1 pair of oxen,
145 00
2 cows,
67 50
3 veal calves,
6 00
Labor,
9 75
Received of W. Goldthwaite,
2 10
Pork and beef,
21 99
Drag plank,
1 50
$599 62
5
00 45
09
1 70
1.12
61
44
CASH PAID OUT.
$161 90
Grain,
Meat and fish,
23 99
Groceries,
57 01
Hardware,
9 35
Blacksmith work,
10 55
Clothing,
17 35
Boots and shoes,
15 90
Sundries,
17 01
Butter,
8 25
Phosphate,
130 00
1 pair oxen,
60 00
2 cows,
25 00
2 heifers,
8 00
2 shoats,
5 00
1 wagon,
5 38
12 window screens,
4 20
Things for house,
17 42
Medicine,
11 86
Labor,
53 57
Hay,
9 00
$672 01
INMATES AT TOWN FARM.
Washington Goldthwait,
91 years. 24 weeks board.
Abiel Ricker, 78 52
-
2 ladders,
21 27
years
Geo. Sarah Katie Alice Role P. B Emm Josef
Dae App Stat Fro
45
Geo. Chadbourne,
44 years.
52 weeks board
Sarah Gorham,
83
52
Katie M. Hannan,
20 “ 48
Alice E. Hannan,
20 months 48 66
Robert E. Hannan,
8 “
38
P. Bush,
66 years, 33
66
Emma King,
18 “ 1
Joseph King,
4 months, 1
Washington Goldthwait died Aug. 13, 1893, aged 90 years, 2 months.
GEORGE S. GOODWIN, Overseers CHARLES S. HUSSEY, of
WILLIAM F. LORD, the Poor.
APPROPRIATIONS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Due the several School Districts from 1892, $1286 48
Appropriated by town, 3000 00
State fund and mill tax,
1454 48
From the State for free High School,
228 50
Total,
$5969 46
Total expenditure,
5766 28
Balance,
$203 18
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46
EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
SULLIVAN DIVISION.
Bills paid for 1892,
316 60
Bills paid for 1893.
Bessie B. Grant, teaching Summer term 10 wks.,
70 00
Mattie E. Hurd,
80 00
Nora E. Beane,
66
70 00
Bertha B. Grant,
66
75 00
Hattie E. Clark,
Belle L. Libbey,
66
70 00
John O. Roberts,
180 00
J. H. Maxwell,
225 00
Bessie Belle Grant,
Fall
70 CO
Nora E. Beane,
70 00
Bertha B. Grant,
75 00
Belle L. Libbey,
70 00
Hattie E. Clark,
66
70 00
Eulalie M. Abbott,
80 00
John O. Roberts,
180 00
J. H. Maxwell,
225 00
Bessie B. Grant,
Winter
70 00
Nora E. Beane,
70 00
Belle L. Libby,
70 00
Hattie E. Clark,
70 00
Bertha B. Grant,
66
75 00
Eulalie M. Abbott,
80 00
John O. Roberts,
180 00
J. H. Maxwell,
225 00
66
70 00
66
Olive Jobu Mort Arth Henr Wal: Art HarTy Ever Ernes J.0. Jobn D. H. C. F. D. H. Wn. . J. C .. S. P. I J.C .. C. IF. W'm G
F. L.
E. H. J. D. J S. A. S George
A. B. J. R. E Rufus I .
47
Olive Hill, teaching music, 25 00
John H. Wilkinson, janitor,
15 15
Morton G. Hopkins, “ 1 75
Arthur Frost,
3 00
Henry Wallingford,
1 50
Walter W. Ricker,
1 50
Arthur C. Clark,
30 00
Harry Hilliard,
1 50
Everett Tebbetts,
4 00
Ernest A. Hooper,
2 00
J. O. Roberts, care of boiler High School building, 72 25 John E. Leach, repairing clock, 60
D. H. Butler, 8 97
C. F. Mitchell,
1 06
D. H. Horn, 2 07
Wm. A. Hill,
1 50
J. C. Nutter, 2 55
S. P. Horne, 1 25
J. C. Nutter, 2 55
C. W. Bamfell, cleaning vaults, 6 00
Wm. Gowen, cash paid for cleaning school houses, 9 65
F. L. Shapleigh, printing cards, 1 50
E. H. Hayes, insurance on school house,
8 00
J. D. Montgomery, diplomas,
12 00
S. A. Seavey, supplies,
5 98
George Moore, supplies,
6 64
A. B. Spencer, supplies,
17 40
J. R. Horne, lumber, 9 60
Rufus Libby, Jr., fitting wood,
1 00
D
0
48
Joel Maddox, fitting wood,
3 05
Harry Hilliard, fitting wood, 3 00 G. A. Frost, coal, 52 80
wood,
11 50
C. E. Clark, wood,
1 75
C. S. Hussey, wood,
3 00
John Gowell, wood,
5 50
Mathews Bros., wood,
111 00
$3281 62
DIVISION NO. 1.
Bills paid for 1892,
148 80
Bills paid for 1893.
E. M. Abbott, teaching, summer term 8 wks.,
56 00
fall term 10 « 70 00
Lucy E. Chamberlain, 66 winter term 10 80 00
J. W. Chamberlain, janitor, 2 00
E. Littlefield, janitor, 1 00
L. Littlefield, cleaning school house, 3 00
Crawford, Tolles & Co., insurance on school house, 6 00 G. W. Chamberlain, wood, 11 28
$378 08
DIVISION NO. 3.
Bills paid for 1892,
136 25
Bills paid for 1893.
·
C. F.V
I. I. F
Mrs. M. Harrie
B Blanch
Bill· pa
Juba 0
W. T.
M. E. F
49
1
M. E. Harrington, teaching summer term 10 wks., 80 00
fall term, 10 « 80 00
winter term, 10 « 90 00
W. T. White, janitor, 3 00
Leighton Pierce, fitting wood, 2 50
John Gowell, wood, 5 50
C. W. Fall & Co., wood,
18 00
C. F. Mitchell, building out house, 26 00
$441 25
DIVISION NO. 4.
Bills paid for 1892, 39 00
Bills paid for 1893.
I. I. Hubbard, teaching summer term 10 weeks,
70 00
fall term 10 weeks, 70 00
60 winter term 10 weeks, 70 00
Mrs. M. F. Webster, wood, 2 00
Harrison Webster, wood and setting glass, 5 25
$256 25
DIVISION NO. 6.
Bills paid 1893.
Blanch Adams, teaching summer term 10 weeks, 65 00
fall term 10 weeks,
70 00
winter term 10 weeks, 70 00
75
90
, 50
J. W. Quint, janitor, 2 25
fitting wood,
2 00
James Staples,
1 00
E. M. Ham,
2 25
O. C. Grant,
7 50
$220 00
DIVISION NO. 7.
Bills paid 1893.
Minnie C. Clark, teaching summer term 10 weeks, 65 00 fall term 10 weeks, 70 00
winter term 10 weeks, 70 00
E. B. Farwell, janitor, 1 50
J. W. Shaw, lock and setting glass, 75
R. F. Brackett, wood, 9 97
$217 22
DIVISION NO. 8.
Bills paid 1893.
Jessie S. Spencer, teaching summer term 10 weeks, 70 00
fall term 10 weeks, 70 00
winter term 10 weeks, 70 00
George M. MeLaughlin, janitor, 1 75
W. H. Tasker, curtains and cord, 3 74
A. J. Butler, setting glass, 50
A.
Da S. G. C.
Fr Jo Fr
Pa
J.
51
J. O. Gowell, wood,
8 62
$224 61
DIVISION NO. 9.
Bills paid 1893.
Ula B. Bryant, teaching summer term 10 weeks, 60 00
fall term 10 weeks, 60 00
Frank Mclaughlin, wood,
2 00
John Durgin, wood,
2 50
Frank W. Mclaughlin, transportation,
15 00
$139 50
DIVISION NO. 10.
Paid bills for 1892,
66 00
Paid bills for 1893.
A. G. Hussey, teaching summer term 10 weeks, 65 00
fall term 10 weeks, 65 00
winter term 10 weeks, 70 00
Daniel Hodsdon, stove pipe, 1 00
S. P. Horne, door,
1 25
G. W. Gerrish,
1
2 25
C. S. Hussey, wood and fitting,
13 00
$283 50
DIVISION NO. 11.
Bills paid, 1893.
52
Belle E. Chick, teaching school summer term, 10 weeks, 65 00
Belle E. Chick, teaching school fall term, 12 weeks, 78 00
Belle E. Chick, teaching school winter term, 8 weeks, 56 00
F. H. Gowen, wood,
8 25
$207 25
DIVISION NO. 12.
Bills paid for 1893.
Mary E. Butler, teaching summer term, 3 weeks, 21 00 Bertha L. Clark, teaching summer term, 7 weeks, 49 00
H. H. Hobbs, transporting pupils to No. 6, fall ; term, 10 00
J. E. Hobbs, transporting pupils to No. 6, fall term, 10 00
J. E. Hobbs, transporting pupils to No. 6, winter term, 12 50
H. H. Hobbs, transporting pupils to No. 6, winter term, 12 50
$115 00
Suppe
Bille p Higher Sulliva Sullin Wid
Roal Electr Triamc Little Test-le POOT ES Poor.
Elect Trie TexT-In Links Rand Sulliva Sulliv Wide Overta
53
RECAPITULATION.
Support of poor and incidentals,
$2500 00
Highways and bridges,
3000 00
Electric lights,
960 00
Triumph Engine Co.,
600 00
Text-books for schools,
300 00
Littlefield Post, No. 8, G. A. R.,
40 00
Road machine,
250 00
Sullivan Square,
1000 00
Sullivan street side walk,
100 00
Widening Berwick street,
100 00
Overlay,
166 80
$9016 80
DISBURSEMENTS.
Bills prior to March 1, 1893,
$1970 77
Highways and Bridges,
3053 71
Sullivan Square,
1172 89
Sullivan street sidewalk,
83 50
Widening Berwick street,
164 46
Road machine,
250 00
Electric Lights,
900 00
Triumph Engine Co.,
600 00
Littlefield Post, No. 8, G. A. R.,
40 00
Text-books for schools,
275 23
Poor at farm,
327 42
Poor away from farm,
356 47
0
54
1494 81
Incidentals,
225 90
Abatements,
$10915 16
The foregoing is a correct statement of the business transactions of the town of Berwick for the year 1893.
GEORGE S. GOODWIN, ) Selectmen CHARLES S. HUSSEY, of From
WILLIAM F. LORD. Berwick.
I have examined the foregoing accounts, and find them correctly cast, and properly vouched.
JAMES D. MONTGOMERY, Auditor.
March 7, 1894.
A. B. SPENCER, TREASURER,
In account with WM. GOWEN, Col. March 1, 1893.
Due from Wm. Gowen, Col. 1892,
1199 60
Tax committed of 1893,
15572 25
$16,771 85
Received of Wm. Gowen, Col., 1892 tax,
1199 60
1893 tax,
12401 96
$13,601 56
Balance due the town,
$3170 29
.
I h correc treasu
Ba
Amo Outst Beque Due o
Cash Non-
STA
55
STATEMENT OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE TOWN.
--
RESOURCES.
Cash on hand,
$317 79
Non-resident taxes due,
415 51
William Gowen, Collector,
3170 29 i
From State account of dog licenses,
233 42
$4137 01
LIABILITIES.
Amount due schools,
203 18
Outstanding orders,
3826 80
Bequest of Azuba Knox,
50 00
Due on County tax,
680 00
$4759 98
Balance against town,
622 97
I have examined the foregoing accounts and find them correctly cast and properly vouched, and cash in the treasury, as above.
JAMES D. MONTGOMERY.
56
TREASURER'S REPORT.
A. B. SPENCER, Treasurer, in account
DR. March 1, 1894. Trial balance.
To cash in treasury, March 1, 1893, 1825 33
Non-resident taxes due,
877 90
Rec'd of Wm. Gowen, Col. bal. of '92 tax,
1199 60
School fund and Mill tax,
1454 48
Circus and show license,
10 00
Wm. Gowen, Col. 1893,
12401 96
Railroad and telegraph tax,
10 22
F. Grovenor, books sold,
3 50
State Treasurer, for damage of dogs, 138 00
State Treasurer, for Free High School, 228 50
$18,149,49
B
57
TREASURER'S REPORT. with the TOWN OF BERWICK.
Trial balance, March 1, 1894.
CR.
By paid State tax,
2574 55
Balance County tax of 1892,
510 85
on County tax of 1893,
.
300 00
on Town Orders,
13628 65
Bills paid after books closed,
311 40
Non-resident taxes,
415 51
Cash in treasury,
317 79
Treasurer's com. on 18,149 49,
90 74
$18,149 49
STATE OF MAINE.
To William Gowen,a constable of Berwick, in the County of York, Greeting :
In the name of the State of Maine, you are hereby re- quired to notify and warn the inhabitants of said town of Berwick, qualified to vote in town affairs, to meet at the town house, in said town, on the thirteenth day of March, A. D. 1894, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, to act on the following articles, to wit :
Article 1. To choose a Moderator to preside at said meeting.
Art. 2. To choose a Clerk for the year ensuing.
Art. 3. To choose three or more Selectmen and As- sessors for the year ensuing.
Art. 4. To choose a Treasurer for the year ensuing.
Art. 5. To choose a Superintending School Commit- tee for the year ensuing.
Art. 6. To choose all other necessary officers for the year ensuing.
Art. 7. To see what sum of money the town will vote to raise for the support of the Poor and Incidentals.
Art. 8. To see what sum of money the town will vote to raise for the support of Public Schools.
59
Art. 9. To see what sum of money the town will vote to raise for the support of Highways and Bridges.
Art. 10. To see what sum of money the town will vote to raise to pay Triumph Engine Company.
Art. 11. To see if the town will vote to raise the sum of forty dollars to assist Littlefield Post, No. 8, G. A. R. ,in defraying the expenses of Memorial Day.
Art. 12. To see if the town will vote to raise the sum of nine hundred dollars to pay for Electric Lights.
Art. 13. To see if the town will vote to ratify a con- tract entered into between the Selectmen and the Consol- idated Light and Power Company for lighting the streets for five years, from March, 1894, at seventy-five dollars per light.
Art. 14. To see if the town will vote to maintain a Free High School for the year ensuing, and to raise and appropriate a sum of money sufficient for the same.
Art. 15. To see what sum of money the town will vote to raise to purchase Text-Books for schools.
Art. 16. To see what sum of money the town will vote to raise for repairs of School Houses.
Art. 17. To see if the town will vote to finish building, and accept a piece of road or street now laid out in said town, leading from the County road by residence of Hen- ry Dawson, Allen Joy, Francis Ham and A. B. Potter to South Berwick line, and appropriate a sum of money for the same.
Art. 18. To see if the town will vote to build a side-
60
walk from the corner of First and Maple streets to Berry street, and from the corner of First and Berry streets to the house of Mrs. Butler, and raise a sufficient sum of money to build the same.
Art. 19. To transact any other business that may come before said meeting.
The Selectmen give notice that they will be in session for the purpose of correcting the list of voters in said town, and hearing and deciding upon the applications of persons claiming to have their names entered upon said list, at the Town House, Friday, Saturday and Monday, the ninth, tenth and twelfth days of March, A. D. 1894, from two to five o'clock in the afternoon, as under the present law no names can be added to the list of voters on the day of election.
Given under our hands this fifth day of March, A. D. 1894.
GEORGE S. GOODWIN, ) Selectmen CHARLES S. HUSSEY, of WILLIAM F. LORD, Berwick.
REPORT
1 OF THE
Supervisor of Schools.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 12, 1894.
In preparing the annual report of the Public Schools of this town, for the past year, we have found so many subjects of a general nature claiming notice, and deserv- ing the consideration of the citizens of the town, that we have refrained from making special mention of each district and school by itself, as has generally been the custom heretofore. We have, however, endeavored to treat, under its appropriate topic, of every matter which seemed of sufficient importance to justify it, whether it related to all the schools in general, or only one in par- ticular. If any disappointment is felt at missing the special mention of one's own district school, we believe the loss will be more than compensated by securing a more general and disinterested attention to the state and needs of the schools of the whole town. And we believe that this method of making a school report is coming to be generally regarded by school officers as more profitable than the old special district report, with its tameness and
2
sameness, its varnishing of facts, and its endless phrasing upon the varied characteristics and methods of the differ- ent teachers.
FREE TEXT-BOOKS.
The inauguration of the free text book system in the schools of the state, and the operation of this experiment, is naturally the first subject of comment in a report of our schools.
The appropriation of the town for this purpose for the school year, was $300. The amount expended for books, $289.27. Thus leaving an unexpended balance of $10.73 in favor of the town.
We have carefully avoided making changes in text- books not absolutely essential to the best interests of the schools, making sure, at the very start, that all books which were bought were of the best kind, and destined to last. The readers which have been in use in the town for a term of years, and had not given entire satisfaction, and had practically outlived their usefulness. The old read- ers have been exchanged for the Stickney Series of readers, and about one-half of the schools have been thus supplied.
The Eclectic Geographies, now in use, are quite thor- oughly out of date, and behind the times. But for the cost we should have made the desired change this year. With the generous appropriation to be made, and the incoming administration of school matters, we leave this responsibility.
In History, there were found to be several different
t
f
3
text-books in use in schools ; none of them entirely satis- factory. We believe in the adoption of Montgomery's . United States History, a text-book has been secured su- perior to any of them for the purposes of school-room instruction. Ellis Primary History, also in use in the schools, is intended for pupils whose opportunities will not permit the larger and more elaborate History.
Conklin's complete graded course in English Grammar and Composition has been adopted for the use of begin- ners, thus affording a more simple and easy introduction to this never very attractive study.
The following books have been retained as being for the most part, satisfactory : White's and Colburn's Arith- metic, Harvey's Grammar, Harrington's Speller, Green- leaf's Algebra, Steele's Physiology, Meservey's Book Keeping.
All the books have been purchased at the lowest prices possible ; and it seems as though there must be, on the whole, a substantial saving in expense to the people of the town. .
The purchase, care and distribution of the books have been found to involve a great deal of vexatious labor, and trouble-much more than most anticipate, or there can be realized by any one except the school officers them- selves.
It is not too much to say that by the adoption of the town system, and the establishment of the free text-book system, the work of the School Supervisors have been largely increased.
1
4
We have been gratified to note that the books have, in the main, been well taken care of, and returned in good condition.
To meet the wants of the coming year, including a complete new supply of Geographies, which we think is absolutely necessary should be procured, we estimate there will be needed about the same amount as appropri- ated last year, viz : $300.
TEACHERS.
Our schools have been favored, in most cases, the past year with capable and faithful teachers, who have striven zealously, and in the main with success to secure the best results.
Where this is the case, such tried and successful teach- ers ought to be retained in their places. If a teacher has done well one term, she will be likely to do better the next. No one will accomplish so much in a new position, unacquainted with her scholars, and her scholars unused to her, as when the methods of one and the needs of the other have been thoroughly learned, and both teacher and pupil are working in sympathy and unison.
New teachers, too, always put scholars back in order to see how thorough past work has been, and discourage- ment and indifference, as a rule, are the results.
It is never possible to tell with certainty beforehand whether a person, hitherto untried, will make a good teacher or not, and especially whether he or she is well adapted to any particular school.
This can only be determined by actual trial ; and when
5
the trial has once been made and proved successful, there should be an end of experimenting. Young and inexpe- rienced teachers should, as a rule, be employed only in the smaller and easier schools, both for their own good, and the good of the scholars. We think there is no good ground for the notion that while a female teacher may be employed for the summer terms, a male teacher is neces- sary for the winter term, thus compelling a change in the middle of the year. A good female teacher can handle any school we have in town, summer or winter. But few changes have been made in teachers the past year. Miss Hurd resigned her position as assistant in the High School at the close of the spring term, and Miss Eulalie M. Abbott, a resident of the town, and a graduate of Gorham Normal School, was secured to fill the place thus made vacant. Miss Hattie E. Clark has had charge of the Cross Road School made vacant by the resignation of Miss Spencer, who was transferred to District No. 8.
The work of the teachers in nearly every case, has been especially satisfactory in their respective schools.
UNITING OF SCHOOLS.
Districts No. 12 and 6 united in the Fall and Winter terms. Also, Districts No. 8 and No. 9 were united in the Winter term. The expense of transporting the schol- ars from one District to the other being but small com- pared with that of running a separate school. This matter should not be overlooked in the year to come.
SCHOOL HOUSES.
A good school house is an ornament to the town, and a
6
credit to the District where it is located ; a blessing to the children and a source of gratification to all interested in the success of the schools.
New front steps and other repairs are needed on the High School House ; also, in District Nos. 1, 4 and 10. The most of the school buildings are decidedly barren of those aids and appliances of teaching which no good school room ought to be without. There are but a few maps, charts or globes in our schools ; and in the primary de- partments where most needed, everything is left to the ingenuity of the teacher.
The town should complete the good work begun by supplying these and other requisite appliances.
These things are an aid in teaching that ought not to be neglected.
INTEREST OF PARENTS.
There is no way in which parental interest can be made more effectual , both upon scholars and teachers, than by frequent visits to the schools. And there is no other way in which correct ideas and information in regard to the schools can be obtained. By such visits those petty mis- understandings which frequently occur between parents and teachers would be generally avoided. And while we would have parents come into closer contact with the schools, we must none the less condemn all interference with the discipline of the schools, and upholding children in their difficulties with the teacher. Let the teachers cultivate closer acquaintance with parents, calling upon them, and inviting visits to the schools in return.
7
ATTENDANCE.
Parents are largely responsible for the irregular attend- ance of their children, not only by failing to look after and correct truancy, but oftentimes by wilfully keeping them out of school to work. No child between six and sixteen years can be so well and profitably employed any- where else as in the school-room. The law in reference to compulsory attendance should be more thoroughly en- forced in this town than it is.
Money : Paid Treasurer of town for books sold, $3.50.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
In closing this school report we will summarize the recommendations we have previously made :
1. An appropriation of $300 for text-books, &c.
2. The securing of the services of tried and experi- enced teachers as far as possible.
3. The consolidation of the schools in Districts No. 6, 7 and 12 ; also of Districts No. 8 and 9.
4. An appropriation sufficient to give at least 36 weeks of school in the year.
5. An appropriation for the support of a town High School.
With this report we append an abstract of teachers reg- isters for the several school terms of the year.
FRANCIS GROVENOR, Supervisor of Schools. Berwick, Me., March 12, 1894. ,
An Abstract of Teacher's Register for the Spring Terms of 1893.
1 LOCATION.
TEACHER.
At. Excl'g board,
Sullivan, High School,
Mattie E. Hurd, Asst.
8.00 per week
Grammar School,
J. O. Roberts, Principal,
10 73 61
18.00
7.50
Rochester St. Int. .. Prim.
Belle L. Libby,
10 51 44
7.00
Berwick Road,
Nora E. Bean,
10 45 35
7.00
Cross Road,
Hattie E. Clark,
10,20 17
7.00
No. 1.
Goodwin's,
Eulalie M. Abbott,
10 13 11
7.00
No. 3.
Pine Hill,
M. E. Harrington,
10,30 23
8.00
66
No. 4.
Rochester Road,
Ida 1. Hubbard,
10 13 10
7.00
No. 6,
Clark.
Blanch Adams,
10
6
5
6.50
No. 3,
Blackberry Hill,
Minnie C. Clark,
10
7 5 1-2,6.50
No. 5,
C. Meadow,
Jessie L. Spencer,
10
6
5
8
6 6.00
No. 10,
Tare Shirt,
E. G. Hussey,
10 17 15
6.50
No. Il.
Beaver Dam,
Belle E. Chick,
10
8
1-10
6.50
No. 12,
Stacey's,
May E. Butler,
10
6
5
7.00
Bertha L. Clark,
FALL TERMS OF 1893.
Sullivan, High School,
J. H. Maxwell, Prin., Eulalie M. Abbott, Ass., J. O. Roberts, Prin.,
10.76 63
18.00
1
7.50
Rochester St. Int.
Bessie B. Grant,
10 27 24
7.00
.. Prim.
Belle L. Libby,
10 5S 49
7.00
Berwick Road,
Nora E. Bean,
10.32 25
7.00
Cross Road,
Hattie E. Clark,
10 17 16
7.00
No. 1,
Goodwin,
Lucy E. Chamberlain,
10 16 13
7.00
No. 3.
Pine Hill,
M. E. Harrington,
10 27 23
8.00
No. . ,
Rochester Road,
Ida I. Hubbard,
10,15 11
7.00
No. 6,
Clark,
Blanch Adams,
10, 8 5
7.00
No. ..
Blackberry Hill,
Minnie C. Clark,
10, 7 5
7.00
No. 5,
C. Meadow,
Jessie L. Spencer,
10.13 10
7.00
No. !.
Messenger's bridge,
Ula B. Bryant,
10 8 6
6.00
No. 10.
Tare Shirt,
E. Gertrude Hussey,
10 13 12
6.50
No. 11,
Beaver Dam,
Belle E. Chick,
12 8
7
7.00
No. 12,
Stacy's,
No Fall Term.
WINTER TERMS OF 1894.
Sullivan, High School,
10,40|34
(90.00 per mo.
8.00 per week
Grammar School,
10,71 60
18.00
7.50
7.00 ,.
Rochester St. Prim.
Bell L. Libby,
10 48 40
7.00
7.00 ..
Cross Road,
Hattie E. Clark,
10 16 13
7.00
No. I.
Goodwin's,
Lucy E. Chamberlain,
10 13 12
8.00
.o. S.
Pine Ilill,
10 23 18
9.00
No. 6.
Clark's,
Blanch Adams,
10 9 8
7.00
No. i.
Blackberry Hill,
Minnie C. Clark,
10 6
4
7.00
No. 5.
C. Meadow.
Jessie 1 .. Spencer,
10 18 12
7.00
No. D.
Messenger's bridge,
No_10.
Tare Shirt,
No Winter Term, E. G. Hussey,
Belle E. Click,
10 11 8 7 6 7.00
..
No. I.
Beaver Dam,
Stacey's,
J. H. Maxwell, Prin., Eulalie M. Abbott, Ass., J. O. Roberts, Prin., Bertha B. Grant, Ass., Bessie B. Grant,
Rochester St. Int.
10 24 20
Berwick Road,
Nora E. Bean,
10 19 14
10 8 6
7.00
Kochester Road,
M. E. Harrington, Ida 1. Hubbard,
10 40, 35
190.00 per mo. 8.00 per week
Grammar School,
Bertha B. Grant, Ass.,
7.00
Messenger's bridge,
Ula B. Bryant,
10
JAv.
Wages
J. H. Maxwell, Principal, 10,30 25
90.00 per mo.
Bertha B. Grant, Asst.
Bessie B. Grant,
10 25 24
7.00 6.
9 7.00
REPORT
OF THE
Local Board of Health.
During the past year complaint has been received of ten nuisances, all of which have heen investigated and re- moved. By request of the Supervisor of Schools, we have thoroughly disinfected one school house on account of diphtheria.
Three cases of diphtheria have occurred, with but one recovery ; and one case of scarlet fever, which proved fatal. There have also been three cases of typhoid fever, all of which terminated in recovery.
Each outbreak of contagious disease has been confined to the first house. Premises have been visited and in- spected .. Entrances have been placarded, and the families supplied with circulars from the State Board of Health, and disinfection has followed each recovery or death.
We have held four regular meetings, and many special. consultations. Some undecided questions concering con- tageous diseases and small pox have multiplied the de- mand for communications between the Local and State Boards of Health. On account of some stir which has been made concerning small pox, and various communi-
2
cations received from the State Board of Health on the subject, we conclude that it would be for the general ben- fit of the inhabitants of the town of Berwick that the fol- lowing be inserted within our report, and printed in the annual report of the Selectmen.
Extract from the Health Laws of the State of Maine, Chapter 172 of 1893 :
"The Board of Health of each city, village, town and plantation shall annually, on the first day of March, or oftener if they deem it prudent, provide for the free vac- cination with the cow pox, of all the inhabitants over two years of age, within their respective localities, to be done under the care of skilled, practicing physicians, and under such circumstances and restrictions as said authorities adopt therefor."
DOES VACCINATION PROTECT ?
We find that the correct answer to this question is not so clearly in the minds of the people generally, as it should be. therefore these facts are given. Almost one hundred years ago Jenner discovered that, when a person is inoculated with cow-pox virus so as to have cow-pox, the attack of this lighter disease gives immunity from the much more dangerous disease, small pox. The announce- ment of his discovery was met with incredulity. Jenner had vaccinated a boy eight years old who had never had small-pox. He said to the incredulous medical men of the day : "If you think the boy is not protected from
3
small-pox give him the small-pox if you can." They did not shut him up with small-pox patients, but they used a surer method. They inoculated the boy with small-pox virus. It did not take. They tried it again with the same result, and repeated it many times carefully until the inoculation had been done twenty times with twenty failures. Then they had to acknowledge that the boy was protected.
The most common popular fallicy in this matter is that vaccination does not prevent one from having small-pox, but only makes the disease milder if one takes it. The truth is that, when successfully done, and not done too long ago, the protection is almost absolutely perfect.
In Brussels, out of more than 10,000 children vacci- nated in 1869-70, not one case was reported as having been attacked by the terrible epidemic of small-pox which swept over Europe soon after. Dr. Warlomont, who re- ported these facts, says that he has made a number of appeals for information as to cases of small-pox after vac- cination with animal virus, but so far without result. Others have made similar requests, and have offered large rewards for such information, but without avail.
In a severe epidemic of small-pox, which swept over the island of Hayti in 1881-82, Dr. Terres says that, al- though attending two or three hundred severe cases eve- ry day, neither he or any of his family or servants took the disease (thirteen persons in all). their only protection being successful vaccination. The scholars and teachers of three schools (five hundred in all) were successfully
4
vaccinated, and only one case occurred. Dr. Terres states that not a single death occurred among vaccinated per- sons.
Dr. Dunn, of Minnesota, contrasts the histories of two families, one vaccinated and the other not. "The families are of the same size, living two miles apart. The ages are nearly the same. On account of carelessness or par- simony, neither family had been vaccinated. Small-pox enters one ; still they take no preventive measures. The disease has the same scope as it had in the days before vaccination, and it quickly shows itself to be the same old pest that it was before the immortal Jenner robbed it of its terrors. Of the nine unprotected persons it rapidly destroys three, ruins an eye for yet another, and scars the other five, four of them girls, in a frightful way.
.. The other family of ten hear that they have been ex- posed to small-pox, not aware that the disease has already been for ten days operating in the system of one of its members. They are vaccinated with reliable bovine lymph. Two days later one of the ten comes down with small-pox, which runs a mild course. They are all daily and nightly exposed to the disease, their vaccinations work well, and not one of them is attacked."
Dr. Henry Tomkins, Medical Superintendent of the fever Hospital belonging to the Manchester Royal Infirm- ary at Monsall, in a paper read at Owens College, said :
"The most striking of all evidence is, perhaps, that de- rived from the small-pox hospitals themselves. Here the protective influence of vaccination is seen and proved
5
in a manner beyond all cavil. At Highgate, during an experience of forty years, no nurse or servant having been re-vaccinated has ever contracted disease, and evidence of the same character I can, myself bring forward ; for, during the whole time that I have had charge of the fever hospital, more than a thousand cases of small-pox have passed under my care, yet no servant, nurse, porter or other person engaged there, has, after re-vacination ever taken it, though exposed daily to infection in its most concentrated form. Again, among all the students who, during the past two years have attended the hospital for clinical instruction, not one has suffered, all having been re-vaccinated before having been permitted to enter the small-pox wards.
Dr. O. W. Wight, Health officer of Detroit, says : "During the winter of 1881-2, when small-pox was epi- demic, I allowed fourteen well persons to go to the pest house in the city of Detroit, who wished to take charge of other members of their families removed there on account of the disease. All of them were vaccinated at the time of going. Not one of them had even a slight attack of varioloid. When the anti-vaccinationists will show half, or even a quarter the number of unvaccinated persons ex- posed in the midst of the sick and the dying to concen- trated contagion without the least injury, I will then listen patiently to their arguments."
Facts and cases by the hundred throwing the weight of their testimony all in the same direction, could be culled from sanitary and medical literature, but these few prob-
6
ably sufficiently show that vaccination prevents a person from "catching" small-pox. If the vaccination is imper- fect, or done many years ago, it still may be worth much in mitigating the disease and converting it into "vario- loid."
In conclusion, we would hereby make known, that in complying with the above State Laws, we have engaged Drs. P. B. Young and H. V. Noyes to furnish free vac- cination during the months of March and April of 1894, to any of the inhabitants of the town of Berwick who may desire to avail themselves of the opportunity.
Respectfully submitted,
P. B. YOUNG, Sec'y Local of Board.
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