USA > Maine > Lincoln County > Chronicles of Lincoln County > Part 8
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAINE INDIANS
Information about the Maine Indians may be found in the following books:
Williamson's History of Maine; much authentic information about history, dress, habits and political customs.
Sylvester's Indian Wars of New England. Three volumes.
Varney's Brief History of Maine; good account of customs, dress, etc., of aborigines.
John Josselyn, Two Voyages of New England, and New England's Rarities Discovered; contemporary writer, gives con- siderable information about Indians of southwestern Maine.
Leland's Algonquin Legends of New England; gives much Passamaquoddy, Micmac and a little Penobscot Indian folk-lore.
Miss Abby Alger's "In Indian Tents"; continues Leland's work, principally Penobscot.
Necolar's The Red Man (printed not published, Bangor, 1893), an Indian's own account of his traditions and beliefs.
Hubbard's Woods and Lakes of Maine; appendix, gives many place names with meanings.
William F. Ganong, the greatest authority on Indian place names, has published many pamphlets in Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada; Maine place names are included among others.
Reports of Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Journal of American Folk Lore.
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THE MAINE INDIANS
Publications of Maine Historical Society.
Chamberlain's Maliseet Vocabulary and Joseph Laurent's New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues, with Rale's Indian Dictionary.
Rale's Indian Dictionary.
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ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
STATE MUSEUM
The Museum connected with the Fish and Game Department has mounted specimens of practically all wild birds and animals found in the state. Specimens of the leading varieties of inland fish are also on exhibition.
Among the interesting exhibits is a large moose group, enclosed in glass,-the background, painted by the Curator, depicting a winter scene which is very realistic; another case shows the loon family, and another geese and ducks, both with appropriate back- grounds, also painted by the Curator, all of which attract much attention. Another case contains various species of our shore birds, mounted and grouped to display their natural character- istics and habitats. The background of this case is a finely exe- cuted marine view, also the work of the Curator; upon either side cliffs rise from a sandy beach, their bases covered with sea- weed, and on these cliffs are shown the nests and eggs of gulls and also young tern. Another case has ruffed grouse and wood- cock groups.
There is also on exhibition a valuable loan collection of birds' skins, nests and eggs.
An aquarium of eight tanks, installed in 1916, contains sev- eral varieties of fresh-water fish, and has proved to be one of the most interesting features of the Museum. Jars have been installed in connection with it in which are shown the process of hatching trout and salmon, and by means of which the devel- opment of these fish from the egg to the age of three years is shown by living specimens.
The educational value of the Museum is now recognized by a host of intelligent visitors from all sections of the country.
GAME ANIMALS
Deer are abundant in all northern counties and quite plenty in some of the southern counties. Moose are also found in all northern counties. Caribou were formerly numerous in Maine . but have been exceedingly scarce in recent years though occa- sionally seen along the Canadian boundary.
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ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
FUR-BEARING ANIMALS
Bear, Beaver, Bob Cat, Fisher, Marten or Black Cat, Fox, Lynx, Mink, Muskrat, Otter, Rabbit, Raccoon, Skunk, Sable, Squirrel, Red, Gray, Weasel or Ermine, Woodchuck.
GAME FISH
Landlocked Salmon, Trout, Togue (Lake Trout), Black Bass, White Perch.
NON-GAME FISH
Pickerel, Yellow Perch, Whitefish, Cusk, Chub, Sucker, sev- eral varieties of Smelt, numerous small fish, commonly called bait fish, (Minnows, Shiners, etc.)
FUR INDUSTRY
In view of the fact that trappers of fur-bearing animals in organized townships are not required to take out a license, there are no means of ascertaining the annual catch of these animals in organized places; furthermore, as there is nothing in the law to prohibit the transportation out of the state of the skins of fur-bearing animals legally taken, without doubt at least thirty per cent of the annual catch in Maine is sold in other states, consequently the skins purchased by licensed fur buyers represent only about seventy per cent of the furs secured each season.
VALUE OF FUR
Basing an estimate upon the average value of the best quality skins, the furs reported handled by licensed fur dealers in this state last season represented a value of approximately $500,000.
BIRDS FOUND IN MAINE
Holboet's Grebe
Dovekie, Sea Dove
Horned Grebe
Pomarine Jaeger
Pied-billed Grebe
Parasitic Jaeger
Loon, Great Northern Diver
Long-tailed Jaeger (not common)
Loon, Black-throated
Kittiwake Gull
Loon, Red-throated
Glaucus Gull (rare)
Puffin, Sea Parrot (rare)
Iceland Gull
Great Black-backed Gull
Guilbernot, Black Murre (rare)
American Herring Gull
Murre, Brunnich's.
Ring-billed Gull
Razor-billed Auk (quite rare)
Laughing Gull (not common)
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ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
Bonaparte's Gull (not common)
Sabine's (rare)
Common Tern
Arctic Tern
Sora Rail
Roseate 'Tern (rare)
Yellow Rail
Least Tern (rare)
Purple Gallinule (rare)
Sooty Tern (rare)
Florida Gallinule (rare)
Black Tern (rare)
American Coot Mud-hen
Black Skimmer (quite rare)
Leach's Petrel (Mother Carey's Chicken)
Northern Phalarope (not common)
Wilson's Petrel (quite rare)
Wilson's Phalarope (rare)
Gannet (rare)
American Woodcock
Cormorant
Wilson's Snipe
Cormorant, Double-crested
Dowitcher (Red-breasted Snipe)
American White Pelican (rare)
Purple Sandpiper
American Merganser
Pectoral Sandpiper
Red-breasted Merganser
White-rumped Sandpiper
Mallard Duck
Least Sandpiper
Black Duck
Red-backed Sandpiper
Gadwall
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Widgeon, Baldpate
Green-winged Teal
Blue-winged Teal
Shoveller (rare)
Lesser Yellow-legs
Pintail
Willet (quite rare)
Wood Duck
Bartramian Sandpiper
Redhead Duck (quite rare)
Canvas-back
Spotted Sandpiper
Lesser Scaup Duck (rare)
Long-billed Curlew (rare)
Greater Scaup Duck
Hudsonian Curlew (rare)
Ring-necked Duck (rare)
Eskimo Curlew (rare)
American Golden-Eye
Black-bellied Plover
Barrow's Golden-Eye
American Golden Plover
P.uffle-head
Kildeer
Old Squaw
Ring Plover
Harlequin Duck
Piping Plover (rare)
Northern Eider (rare)
Belted Piping Plover (rare)
Turnstone
Canada Grouse (Spruce Partridge)
Ruffed Grouse (Partridge)
Mourning Dove (rare)
Turkey Vulture (occasional)
Black Vulture (occasional)
Marsh Hawk
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
American Goshawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawk
Broad-winged Hawk
American Rough-legged Hawk (not common)
Bald Eagle
Duck Hawk (rare)
Yellow-crowned Night Heron (rare)
Pigeon Hawk
Surf Scoter
Ruddy Duck
Lesser Snow Goose (rare)
Canada Goose
Hutchins Goose (rare)
Brant (not common)
Whistling Swan (rare)
American Bittern
Least Bittern (rare)
Great Blue Heron
Little Blue Heron (rare)
Green Heron Black-crowned Night Heron
Sanderling
Marbled Godwit (rare)
Greater Yellow-legs
American Eider
King Eider (rare)
American Scoter
White-winged Scoter
Buff-breasted Sandpiper (occasional)
Baird's Sandpiper (rare)
Hooded Merganser
King Rail (rare) Clapper Rail (rare) Virginia Rail (rare)
Red Phalarope (rare)
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ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
American Sparrow Hawk American Osprey American Long-eared Owl American Short-eared Owl (rare) Barred Owl Great Gray Owl (rare)
Richardson Owl Saw-whet Owl Screech Owl Great Horned Owl Snowy Owl American Hawk Owl (not common)
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Black-billed Cuckoo Belted Kingfisher
Hairy Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker
Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker
American Three-toed Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Pileated Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker (rare) Flicker
Whip-poor-will Night Hawk Chimney Swift Ruby-throated Humming-bird King bird
Crested Fly-catcher (rare) Phoebe
Clive-sided Fly-catcher Wood Pewee
Yellow-bellied Fly-catcher Alder Fly-catcher Least Fly-catcher Horned Lark
Prairie Horned Lark
Blue Jay Canada Jay Northern Raven (not common) American Crow Starling (not common) Bobolink Cowbird Red-winged Blackbird Meadow Lark Orchard Oriole Baltimore Oriole
Rusty Blackbird Bronzed Grackle (Crow Blackbird) Evening Grosbeak Pine Grosbeag Purple Finch American Crossbill White-winged Crossbill Redpoll
Greater Redpoll (rare) American Goldfinch Pine Siskin Snow Flake (Snow Bunting) Vesper Sparrow Ipswich Sparrow (quite rare)
Savanna Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow (rare)
Sharp-tailed Sparrow Seaside Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrow White-throated Sparrow Tree Sparrow Chipping Sparrow
Field Sparrow
Slate Colored Junco
Song Sparrow
Lincoln's Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow Fox Sparrow
Towhee Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Indigo Bunting
Scarlet Tanager
Purple Martin
Cliff Swallow
Barn Swallow
Bank Swallow Tree Swallow
Bohemian Waxwing (rare)
Cedar Waxwing
Northern Shrike
Red-eyed Vireo
Philadelphia Vireo (rare)
Warbling Vireo Yellow-throated Vireo (rare)
Blue-headed Vireo
Black and White Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Parula Warbler Yellow Warbler
Cape May Warbler (rare)
Black-throated Blue Warbler Myrtle Warbler
Magnolia Warbler Chestnut-sided Warbler
Bay-breasted Warbler Black Poll Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Pine Warbler Yellow Palm Warbler
Oven-bird Water Thrush Connecticut Warbler
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ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
Mourning Warbler
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Maryland Yellow-throat
Chickadee
Wilson's Warbler
Hudsonian Chickadee (not common)
Canadian Warbler
Golden-crowned Kinglet
American Redstart
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Mocking-bird (rare)
Wood Thrush (rare)
Catbird
Wilson's Thrush
Brown Thrasher
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Carolina Wren (rare)
Olive-backed Thrush
Winter Wren
Hermit Thrush
House Wren
American Robin
Short-billed Marsh Wren (rare)
Bluebird
Brown Creeper
English Sparrow (introduced)
White-breasted Nuthatch
Ring-necked Pheasant (introduced)
123
CONSTITUTION OF MAINE
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF MAINE
FORMED IN
CONVENTION AT PORTLAND, OCTOBER 29, AND ADOPTED BY THE PEOPLE IN TOWN MEETINGS, DECEMBER 6, A. D. 1819, AND OF THE INDEPENDENCE
OF THE UNITED STATES THE FORTY-FOURTH, TOGETHER WITH THE
XXI AMENDMENTS SUBSEQUENTLY MADE THERETO, ARRANGED, AS AMENDED, IN PURSUANCE OF A LEGISLATIVE RESOLVE OF FEBRUARY 24, 1875, BY THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT, THE HONORABLE JOHN APPLETON, WHOSE DRAFT AND ARRANGEMENT WAS, BY A RESOLVE OF FEBRUARY 23, 1876, APPROVED BY THE LEGISLATURE, AND ORDERED TO BE ENROLLED ON PARCHMENT AND TO BE DEPOSITED IN THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE AS
" THE SUPREME LAW OF THE STATE; "
AND
XXIII OTHER AMENDMENTS SUBSEQUENTLY ADOPTED.
PREAMBLE
We, the people of Maine, in order to establish justice, insure tranquility, provide for our mutual defence, promote our common welfare, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of liberty, acknowledging with grateful hearts the goodness of the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe in affording us an opportunity, so favorable to the design; and, imploring His aid and direction in its accomplish- ment, do agree to form ourselves into a free and independent State, by the style and title of the STATE OF MAINE, and do ordain and establish the following Constitution for the government of the same.
ARTICLE I
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
Section 1. All men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent and unalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and of pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.
Sec. 2. All power is inherent in the people; all free governments are founded in their authority and instituted for their benefit; they have therefore an un- alienable and indefeasible right to institute government, and to alter, reform, or totally change the same, when their safety and happiness require it.
Sec. 3. All men have a natural and unalienable right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and no one shall be hurt, molested or restrained in his person, liberty or estate for worshiping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience, nor for his religious professions or sentiments, provided he does not disturb the public peace, nor obstruct others in their religious worship ;- and all persons demeaning themselves peaceably, as good members of the State, shall be equally under the protection of the laws, and no subordination nor preference of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law, nor shall any religious test be required as a qualification for any office or trust, under this State; and all religious societies in this State, whether incorporate or unincorpo- rate, shall at all times have the exclusive right of electing their public teachers, and contracting with them for their support and maintenance.
Sec. 4. Every citizen may freely speak, write and publish his sentiments on
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CONSTITUTION OF MAINE
any subject, being responsible for the abuse of this liberty; no laws shall be passed regulating or restraining the freedom of the press; and in prosecutions for any publication respecting the official conduct of men in public capacity, or the qualifications of those who are candidates for the suffrages of the people, or where the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence, and in all indictments for libels, the Jury, after having received the direction of the Court, shall have a right to determine, at their discretion, the law and the fact.
Sec. 5. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and pos- sessions from all unreasonable searches and seizures; and no warrant to search any place, or seize any person or thing, shall issue without a special designation of the place to be searched, and the person or thing to be seized, nor without probable cause-supported by oath or affirmation.
Sec. 6. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have a right to be heard by himself and his counsel, or either, at his election;
To demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and have a copy thereof;
To be confronted by the witnesses against him;
To have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor;
To have a speedy, public and impartial trial, and, except in trials by martial law or impeachment, by a jury of the vicinity. He shall not be compelled to furnish or give evidence against himself, nor be deprived of his life, liberty, property or privileges, but by judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.
Sec. 7. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases of im- peachment, or in such cases of offences as are usually cognizable by a justice of the peace, or in cases arising in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger. The Legislature shall provide by law a suitable and impartial mode of selecting juries and their usual number and unanimity, in indictments and convictions, shall be held indispensable.
Sec. 8. No person, for the same offense, shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.
Sec. 9. Sanguinary laws shall not be passed; all penalties and punishments shall be proportioned to the offence; excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel nor unusual punishments inflicted.
Sec. 10. No person before conviction shall be bailable for any of the crimes, which now are, or have been denominated capital offenses since the adoption of the Constitution, where the proof is evident or the presumption great, whatever the punishment of the crimes may be. And the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
Sec. 11. The Legislature shall pass no bill of attainder, ex post facto law, nor law impairing the obligation of contracts, and no attainder shall work cor- ruption of blood nor forfeiture of estate.
Sec. 12. Treason against this State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court.
Sec. 13. The laws shall not be suspended but by the Legislature or its au- thority.
Sec. 14. No person shall be subject to corporal punishment under military law, except such as are employed in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger.
Sec. 15. The people have a right at all times in an orderly and peaceable manner to assemble to consult upon the common good, to give instructions to their representatives, and to request, of either department of the government by petition or remonstrance, redress of their wrongs and grievances.
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CONSTITUTION OF MAINE
Sec. 16. Every citizen has a right to keep and bear arms for the common defence; and this right shall never be questioned.
Sec. 17. No standing army shall be kept up in time of peace without the consent of the Legislature, and the military shall, in all cases, and at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power.
Sec. 18. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner or occupant, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Sec. 19. Every person, for an injury done him in his person, reputation, property or immunities, shall have remedy by due course of law; and right and justice shall be administered freely and without sale, completely and without denial, promptly and without delay.
Sec. 20. In all civil suits, and in all controversies concerning property, the parties shall have a right to a trial by jury, except in cases where it has here- tofore been otherwise practiced; the party claiming the right may be heard by himself and his counsel, or either, at his election.
Sec. 21. Private property shall not be taken for public uses without just com- pensation; nor unless the public exigencies require it.
Sec. 22. No tax or duty shall be imposed without the consent of the people or of their representatives in the Legislature.
Sec. 23. No title of nobility or hereditary distinction, privilege, honor or emolument, shall ever be granted or confirmed, nor shall any office be created, the appointment to which shall be for a longer time than during good behavior.
Sec. 24. The enumeration of certain rights shall not impair nor deny others retained by the people.
ARTICLE II
ELECTORS
Sec. 1. Every male citizen of the United States of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed, having his residence established in this State for the term of three months next preceding any election, shall be an elector for Governor, Senators and Rep- resentatives, in the town or plantation where his residence is so established; and the elections shall be by written ballot. But persons in the military, naval or marine service of the United States, or this State, shall not be considered as having obtained such established residence by being stationed in any garrison, barrack, or military place, in any town or plantation; nor shall the residence of a student at any seminary of learning entitle him to the right of suffrage in the town or plantation where such seminary is established. No person, however, shall be deemed to have lost his residence by reason of his absence from the State in the military service of the United States, or of this State.
Sec. 2. Electors shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest on the days of election, during their attendance at, going to, and returning therefrom.
Sec. 3. No elector shall be obliged to do duty in the militia on any day of election, except in time of war or public danger.
Sec. 4. The election of Governor, Senators and Representatives shall be on the second Monday of September annually forever. But citizens of the State absent therefrom in the military service of the United States or of this State, and not in the regular army of the United States, being otherwise qualified electors, shall be allowed to vote on Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, for governor and senators, and their votes shall be counted and allowed in the same manner, and with the same effect, as if given on the second Monday of September in that year. And they shall be allowed to vote for governor, sena-
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CONSTITUTION OF MAINE
tors and representatives on the second Monday of September annually thereafter forever, in the manner herein provided. On the day of election a poll shall be opened at every place without this State where a regiment, battalion, battery, company, or detachment of not less than twenty soldiers from the State of Maine, may be found or stationed, and every citizen of said State of the age of twenty-one years, in such military service, shall be entitled to vote as aforesaid; and he shall be considered as voting in the city, town, plantation and county in this State where he resided when he entered the service. The vote shall be taken by regiments when it can conveniently be done; when not so convenient, any detachment or part of a regiment not less than twenty in number, and any battery or part thereof numbering twenty or more, shall be entitled to vote wherever they may be. The three ranking officers of such regiment, battalion, battery, company, or part of either, as the case may be, acting as such on the day of election, shall be supervisors of elections. If no officers, then three non- commissioned officers according to their seniority shall be such supervisors. If any officer or non-commissioned officer shall neglect or refuse to act, the next in rank shall take his place. In case there are no officers or non-commissioned officers present, or if they or either of them refuse to act, the electors present, not less than twenty, may choose, by written ballot enough of their own number, not exceeding three, to fill the vacancies, and the persons so chosen shall be supervisors of elections. All supervisors shall be first sworn to support the con- stitution of the United States and of this State, and faithfully and impartially to perform the duties of supervisors of elections. Each is authorized to admin- ister the necessary oath to the others; and certificates thereof shall be annexed to the lists of votes by them to be made and returned into the office of the sec- retary of State of this State as hereinafter provided. The polls shall be opened and closed at such hours as the supervisors, or a majority of them, shall direct ; provided, however, that due notice and sufficient time shall be given for all voters in the regiment, battalion, battery, detachment, company, or part of either, as the case may be, to vote. Regimental and field officers shall be entitled to vote with their respective commands. When not in actual command, such officers, and also all general and staff officers, and all surgeons, assistant surgeons, and chap- lains, shall be entitled to vote at any place where polls are opened. The super- visors of elections shall prepare a ballot box or other suitable receptacle for the ballots. Upon one side of every ballot shall be printed or written the name of the county, and also of the city, town or plantation of this State, in which is the residence of the person proposing to vote. Upon the other side shall be the name or names of the persons to be voted for, and the office or offices which he or they are intended to fill. And before receiving any vote, the supervisors, or a majority of them, must be satisfied of the age and citizenship of the person claiming to vote, and that he has in fact a residence in the county, city, town or plantation which is printed or written on the vote offered by him. If his right to vote is challenged, they may require him to make true answers, upon oath, to all interrogatories touching his age, citizenship, residence, and right to vote, and shall hear any other evidence offered by him, or by those who challenge his right. They shall keep correct poll-lists of the names of all persons allowed to vote, and of their respective places of residence in this State, and also the number of the regiment and company or battery to which they belong; which lists shall be certified by them, or by a majority of them, to be correct, and that such residence is in accordance with the indorsement of the residence of each voter on his vote. They shall check the name of every person before he is allowed to vote, and the check-mark shall be plainly made against his name on the poll-lists. They shall sort, count and publicly declare the votes at the head of their respective commands on the day of election, unless prevented by the public enemy, and in that case as soon thereafter as may be; and on the same day of said declaration they shall form a list of the persons voted for, with the
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