USA > Maine > York County > History of York County, Maine, with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 78
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Among those recorded as receiving grants of land for " home-lots" within the ancient town from the select- or townsmen, previous to 1650, are recorded the names of Thomas and Richard Spencer, Goodman Green, Richard King, William Chadbourne, John White, Henry Pouning, John Andrews, and Thomas Witley. Previous to 1652 were Brazil Parker, Moses Lysonce, John Somcoll, John Lambert, James Emerson, Hugh Gunnison, on Goose Creek ; Dennis Downing, near Downing's Point; John Emeroll, Thomas Crockett, John Simons, George Rogers, Daniel Paul ; William Palmer, at Great Cove. Between then and 1659, John Lambert, Nicholas Hodgdon, Andrew
* Belk. N. H., pp. 48, 50 ; 3 Col. Mass. Hist. Soc., p. 7. + Williamson, i. 244.
# At the siege of Louisbourg, 1745, an officer from this section, by the name of Cutts, met a kinsmau from the mother-country who spelt his name with an & as final letter, after which the same mode of spell- ing was adopted by part of the family in this country.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY, MAINE.
Maxwell, William Ellingham, William Low, Joseph All- cock, Thomas Lane, Tristram Hardison, Richard Tozer, " joining William Piles, above Salmon Falls ;" Timothy Prout, Thomas Etherton, Reynold Jenkins, Robert Men- dams. In 1662, Peter Grant, and in 1670, Christian Remick, William Gowen, William Furbish, Robert Knight, John Bray, Gabriel Selkerly, and Alexander Cooper.
Christopher Adams purchased land of Nathaniel Fryer in 1668. It descended to John Adams, and then to his son John, who was the father of Mark Adams. This property has been in the Adams family two hundred and twelve years. The land laid out in 1651 to Jeremiah Shercs was laid out to Christopher Adams, May 28, 1674.
Maj. Nicholas Shapleigh had a land grant of 500 acres, including Kittery Point, but a person by the name of Billings had a grant earlier than that. of Shapleigh. In 1654 the town, through their selectmen, granted Shapleigh 30 acres additional of meadow-land, or what would make it, provided good meadow-land could not be found un- granted.
When Edward Godfrey became Governor, Nicholas Shapleigh and Thomas Withers were made members of his council, and as a mark of honor to them the prefix of Mr., when spoken to or of, was mentioned in connection with their names.
In 1652, Thomas Withes was granted the island near Mr. Crockett's land, " laying over against the Indian graves that are on the north side of Crooked Lane." Deeds made in that year refer to the " old corn-ground" on Thompson's Point.
It was voted in this year that all the marsh known by the name of the Fowling Marsh, lying above Birchen Point, shall be and remain commons to this town forever. This act was soon after so modified as to except two miles along Salmon Falls River to the head of the town, and half a mile of timbered lands on both sides of Great Works River.
A court record of 1653 states that, " Whereas Jon. Towle, by a former testimony of about Oct. 14, 1651, did blemish Geo. Nolan's name, and Say he Stole oil," etc., he now acknowledges the injustice of the same before Ed. Rushworth,* J. P., Jan. 18, 1652.
The first tax levied under the provincial government was £4 11s. Of this Piscataqua paid £2 10s. ; Gorgeana, £1 ; Saco, 11s .; Casco, 10s.
Portsmouth, with Kittery, Dover, and Exeter, for pur- poses of protection and government, formed a combination or independent republic in 1641, but soon after Portsmouth and Dover placed themselves under the protection of Massa- chusetts.
When Massachusetts asserted her claim to jurisdiction, commissioners were sent into the plantation, and the in- habitants were summoned to assemble at the house of William Everett, in Kittery, Nov. 15, 1652, and submit themselves to the government of that colony. After a parley of four days 41 of the principal inhabitants sub- scribed to articles of submission, and a government was duly organized like that in force in Massachusetts. Among
those who signed the submission were Humphrey Chad- bourne, the two Frosts (Nicholas and Charles), Heard, Jenkins, Jones, Lord, Mason, Paul, Shapleigh, Spinney, and Gowen Wilson. Descendants of nearly all of these men of early times are still residents within the old plantation limits.
In the court records of York County for 1640 there was a presentment from Piscataqua against John Lander for swearing two oaths. To prevent destruction by wolves, which were quite numerous, the court ordered twelve pence to be paid by every family between Piscataqua and Kenne- bunk for each wolf killed within those limits, the hunter receiving an order from the nearest councilor on which to draw his premium.
In 1645 an action was brought by John Trelawny, of Piscataqua, against John Winter, for services in the fishery at Richmond's Island, while resident there.
Nicholas Shapleigh was appointed one of Governor God- frey's councilors in 1646, and again in 1648. He was made sergeant-major and commandant of the militia in 1656, on the organization of the militia of Maine. He was required to meet with the officers of Wells, Kittery, York, and Cape Porpoise for improvement in military tac- tics and to see that the soldiers were all well armed, equipped, and disciplined. The following sentence in 1674 shows that " discipline" was not an empty word in those days :
"Richard Gilson, for mutinous conduct toward his commander, Capt. Chas. Frost, is appointed to receive by Jno. Parker, Sargent, 25 stripes on his bare skin ; and Capt. Frost shall have warrant to call before him Richd. Gilson ye next training-day at Kitterrie, and either he is to order him to be layed, and tied neck and heels together, at ye head of his company for two hours, or to ryde on ye wooden horse at ye head of his company, for insolence of behavior."
The children were also taught in the severe school of the fathers. In 1675 the selectmen of the town were presented by the grand jury for not " taking care that the youth of the town be taught their catechism, according to law."
In 1665, Capt. Francis Champernoon and Richard Cutts were appointed justices of the peace for Kittery, and John Wincoln ( Wincoll) for Newichawannock.
At the outbreak of the Indian war in 1675 there was a force of 700 soldiers in the seven towns, comprising the Yorkshire militia. Of these 180 were men of Kittery, including those from all the Berwick settlements to Mr. Tozer's, above Quamphegan Falls. To relieve the besieged inhabitants of Saco, Capt. Wincoln proceeded with 16 of his company, in September, to the mouth of Winter Har- bor, where he arrived, after a loss of three men on the way, to be confronted by a force of 150 savages. In the skirmish which ensued he was overpowered and compelled to seek shelter with his men behind a pile of shingle-bolts, where they successfully withstood the assault. In retalia- tion for this, the assault on Tozer's and other frontier dwellings in Berwick was made, and Capt. Wincoln's build- ings, near the upper mills, were burned, together with 100 bushels of eorn. In October, Major Waldron, of Dover, N. H., and Capt. Nicholas Shapleigh were appointed a com- mittee by the General Court to treat with the Indians for peace. October 7th three persons were shot at Newicha- wannock. On the 16th, Richard Tozer was killed, and
# Edward Rishworth,
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TOWN OF KITTERY.
Lieut. Roger Plaisted, after writing a hurried appeal to Major Waldron, at Dover, for help, was killed the same day, while attempting to rescue the body of Mr. Tozer.
Before leaving, the Indians burned three houses, two barns and a mill, and a dwelling on Sturgeon Creek, where they killed two or more men, and it was only through rare presence of mind that Capt .- afterwards Maj .- Frost, saved him- self and family from destruction. The next day a woman was killed on the beach opposite Portsmouth Battery, and while plundering his house the Indians were dispersed in terror by a cannon shot. Being followed, they abandoned their plunder in a swamp, and fled. During this three months of terror, 80 persons were slain between the Pis- cataqua and Kennebec Rivers. In April, 1678, a peace was concluded, and the inhabitants were again permitted to devote their attention to their homes. All new houses were strong, defensive garrisons. The northern settlements were again plundered and destroyed after a fierce resistance, in 1690, by the French and Indians under Lieut. Hartel.
Robert Rogers, a corpulent man, was captured, escaped, was recaptured, and burned with most savage tortures. At Spruce Creek they killed an old man and captured a woman, whom they took to New Hampshire. In August, 1693, a body of 250 Indians, under Modockawando, Bo- maseen, and Moxus, returning through the town from a plundering expedition to Dover, killed three more at Spruce Creek, and took a boy prisoner. Five days later they made a bold attack on Kittery, slew eight persons, scalped in a barbarous manner a little girl, and left her in a stunned and bleeding condition, from which she finally recovered. In June, 1695, Maj. Hammond was seized near Saco Fort, and taken prisoner to Canada. In the spring of 1696, Maj. Hammond and about 30 others were released, and re- turned to the province.
In 1697 a party of Indians secreted themselves, and shot Maj. Frost as he was returning from meeting. Two young men, who were sent to Wills garrison with the dire- ful news, were killed on their way.
Another victim-an old man-fell at Spruce Creek, May 9, 1698, after he had surrendered, and his two sons were taken prisoners. A few hours later his murderer shot him- self accidentally, with his own gun, while using it to pull his canoe ashore.
On the declaration of peace, in 1799, the town abounded in garrisons and strongholds. They were houses of many gables, with small doors and long narrow windows morticed between two hewn logs. Between the upper openings or windows the initials of the owner in large letters of wood, or some fanciful design, were nailed fast, and from a pole at the side a flag waved in the breeze, ready to signal to the nearest neighbor news of approaching danger.
A wooden shoe is shown, by the descendants of Mr. Gowen Wilson, which has been in the family a hundred and fifty years. The story connected with it is something like this : A mother and son, a mere boy, by name of IFutchins, were captured by the Indians. The boy was given a pair of wooden shoes to wear. One of them hurting him, without loosen- ing it, he split it from his foot with a hatchet. The coolness of the act, and the precision with which it was done, so pleased his captors that he was accorded kind treatment
and allowed to keep the mate as a trophy, and, after a cap- tivity of several months, he and his mother were permitted to return to their friends.
The selectmen in 1692 granted the application of John Woodman for a ferry between Kittery and Strawberry Bank. A ferry also was employed across the mouth of Spruce Creek to connect the two portions of the town, till the toll-bridge was built there, about 1838.
On account of its favorable location for commerce, and the large shipping and fishing interests developed here during its early history, Kittery increased more rapidly in wealth and population than any other town in Maine. Foreign merchants, finding they could supply themselves more cheaply with vessels here than elsewhere, flocked hither to make their purchases, and the shipping industry was thereby stimulated to great activity.
Rum was quite a common beverage in those times, and was considered necessary at all ship-launchings, in the fol- lowing measures : one barrel for the men, and a barrel of wine for the ladies. At loggings, huskings, raisings, and raftings its presence was thought indispensable. Into even more solemn assemblies it was admitted, and in a bill of expenses incurred at an ordination in the vicinity of Kit- tery Point is a charge for eight quarts of rum and two of brandy for the clergy and council, and at a funeral was a charge for five gallons of rum, ten pounds of sugar, and half a pound of allspice for the mourners.
In 1776, at a town-meeting, a bounty of £6 was voted to able-bodied efficient men to enlist for three months in the Continental army. The quota for the town was sixty men. A vote also passed, 1779, regulating the price of various articles, as well as of labor : " And all who bought or sold at a higher price than the fixed one were to be con- sidered enemies to the United States of America, and to be treated with that contempt their conduct deserves." Some of the articles enumerated are as follows : West India rum, per gallon, retail, £7; New England rum, £5; molasses, £4 10s. ; coffee, 18s. per lb. ; brown sugar, 15s. ; Bohea tea, £6; cotton, £2; steel wire or iron work to be reduced in proportion to the produce of the country ; In- dian corn, per bushel, £5; rye, £6; barley, £4; wheat, £9; beef, mutton, and veal, 4s. 6d. per lb. ; butter, 12s. ; best cheese, 8s. ; hay, per ton, £30.
In the struggle for independence, although some of her leading citizens were loyal to the mother-country, yet Kit- tery voted men and means as they were required of her. Portsmouth Harbor was an important station, and war ves- sels and privateers were fitted ont here. The harbor was fortified and garrisoned, both on the New Hampshire and Maine sides.
Fort McClary, situated on the western side of a promon- tory formed by Spruce Creek and the river, was garrisoned in 1812, and also during the Rebellion.
June 9, 1713, Berwick was incorporated from its northern portion, and March 1, 1810, Eliot was taken off, reducing it to its present limits.
THE ISLES OF SHOALS.
The Isles of Shoals, eight in number, are about nine miles from the Point. The harbor is on Haley's Island,
280
HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY, MAINE.
which opens to the southwest. The line between Maine and New Hampshire passes through them, leaving the larger portion on the Maine side. Hog, the largest, contains an area of 350 acres, and its greatest elevation above high-water mark is 57 feet. Smutty Nose has an area of about 250 acres; greatest elevation, 45 feet. Star Island contains 180 acres, and its height 55 feet. The surface is mostly rocks, with thin soil in places. They were discovered in 1614 by Capt. John Smith, and by him named Smith's Isles. They were first visited by fishermen, and a large business was carried on with the neighboring towns in fish procured from the adjacent waters and dried here. The deed given to John Wheelright and others, in 1629, by the Indian sagamores, ineludes these isles.
Wm. Pepperell, father of Sir William, and a Mr. Gib- bons, from Topsham, England, were among the earliest settlers, and successfully prosecuted the fishing business here. Smutty Nose and Malaga are connected by a sea- wall 14 rods long, 13 feet high, and 20 or 30 feet in width, built by Mr. Ilaley, " King of the Shoals," to protect Ilaley's inlet and wharf from easterly storms. The gov- ernment, some years ago, built the sea-wall connecting Star and Smutty Nose Islands, for the purpose of forming a safe anchorage on the northwest side for fishing vessels. The islands are composed of ledges of gneiss, bearing un- mistakable marks of igneous origin, being traversed by veins of quartz, trap, and ironstone. Chasms in the rocks upon all of them appear to have been caused by earthquakes. The earthquake of 1633 is known to have produced some changes on the northern islands of the group. The most remarkable chasm is on Star Island, N. H., in which one Betty Moody secreted herself from the Indians, who visited the island and took away many female captives. The visi- tor is still pointed to it as Betty Moody's Hole.
On the Maine side of the line are Duck, Hog, Smutty Nose or Haley's, and Cedar Islands.
Duck Island. which is two miles to the north of the group, is ill-shaped, low, and rocky, and the most dangerous to ap- proach. A rocky ledge extends half a mile northwest from its shores. It is seven-eighths of a mile in length.
It was on these islands that the " dun fish" were cured in so celebrated a manner as to become known in the ports of Spain and the Mediterranean Sea. In 1745 a quintal of these celebrated fish sold for a guinea, when all other articles of food were low. They are caught in the summer, and dried slowly upon the rocks, with but little salt. Their curing was a trade-sceret for many years among the inhab- itants of these isles. Several thousand quintals of fish were annually caught and eured here, which gave employment to a number of schooners, besides numerous smaller boats.
In 1661 these islands contained about 40 families, and were, in May, incorporated by the General Court, under the name of Appledore, and invested with privileges as other towns. They were then so much frequented as to make it necessary that they should have municipal authority for their own protection. The settlers were an industrious people, distinguished for their intelligence and morality. Their population was nearly 600 previous to the Revo- lution.
Two representatives were sent to General Court when a
like number were sent from Kittery, York, and Wells. There was a court-house on Haley's Island, and at one time a session of the General Court convened here. The name was subsequently changed to Gosport. A meeting-house was first built on Hog, and afterwards on Star, Island, and at one period an able ministry sustained.
About 1642 the Rev. Richard Gibson, a minister of the Church of England, visited the islands, and performed the ceremonies of marriage and baptism, for which he was com- plained of to the General Court.
Rev. Mr. Gibson was a good scholar, a popular speaker, and highly esteemed as a minister of the gospel, especially by the fishermen at Richmond's Island and the Isles of Shoals. Ile returned to England in 1643.
In 1647, John Renalds was complained of for taking his wife, hogs, and goats upon the islands, contrary to the order of court " that no women, hogs, or goats sball live there." In the issue the wife was allowed to remain, but the hogs and goats were ejected.
The pious ministry of Rev. John Brock among these islanders, from 1650 to 1662, is worthy of particular notice. Ile came to New England when a youth, and graduated at Harvard College in 1647. From early life he was dis- tinguished for his quiet and remarkably trustful piety.
It is said of him that a fisherman of generous disposition, whose boat had been of great use in helping the people to and from the house of worship on the Sabbath, had the misfortune to lose it in a storm. When regretting his loss, Rev. Mr. Brock said to him, " Go home contented, good sir, I'll mention the matter to the Lord,-to-morrow you may expect to find your boat !" It was made the subject of prayer by the worthy pastor, and, strangely enough, it was brought up the next day by the flukes of an anchor, and restored to the owner.
In 1795 a woman by the name of Pulsey died in Gos- port, aged ninety. In her earlier days she kept two cows, cutting the hay upon which they were fed in winter from among the rocks with a knife by hand, and yet it was said they were always in good condition. In 1775 the British took them from her, and they were killed, to the no small grief of the good old lady.
Scarcely a trace of the former business and population of the Isles of Shoals now exists. Latterly they have be- come famous as a place of summer resort, and some large hotels have been erected, and are yearly filled with those seeking health and pleasure. During the summer season a steamer plies between the Isles and Portsmouth.
VILLAGES AND HAMLETS.
There are three post-offices within the town : one at Kit- tery, one at Kittery Point, and one at Kittery Depot.
KITTERY.
The main business centres at Kittery village, which is separated from the United States Navy-Yard by a narrow channel a mile southeast of the depot. The village is finely laid out, and commands a flourishing trade with the surrounding part of the town, and the many government operatives employed here. The business consists of
Dry-goods and groceries : A. A. Hayes ; Lewis & Brooks,
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TOWN OF KITTERY.
established 1865 ; John R. Wentworth, established 1877 ; Sweat & Seaward, established 1879 (formerly D. A. Hill). Drugs : James O. Trefethen, established in 1863.
Groceries : E. C. Nealley & Co., established in 1876.
Boots, shoes, and clothing : H. W. Trefethen, established in 1874.
Stoves and tinware: Henry F. Fuller, established 1874. Fruits, confectionery, and news : Frank M. Osborn, es- tablished in 1878.
Meats and provisions : J. E. Chase, established in 1870 ; William A. Williams, established in 1878.
Auctioneers : George O. Chapman, A. A. Hayes.
Marine railway and ship-yard: Neal & Co., established in 1872.
Shoemakers: I. G. Jones, Benjamin Bunker.
Painter : W. Ball.
Livery-stables : Charles W. Cottle & Son, Frank P. Shan- non & Co.
Hotel : James E. Chase.
Wreck commissioner : Luther P. Call.
Physicians : M. F. Wentworth, A. W. Johnson. Lawyer : M. A. Safford.
Postmaster: James O. Trefethen ; mails daily.
Cornet band : F. Cate, leader.
KITTERY DEPOT.
A post-office has been opened here to accommodate the business built up with the opening of the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad at this point, which crosses the river from Portsmouth, N. H., and, passing northward two miles through the town, enters Eliot on its way to Port- land. The buildings occupy three streets, extending half a mile, nearly continuous with the lower village. There are some 40 dwellings and the following business interests :
Stores : H. B. Parker (established by W. G. Parker in 1858); W. H. Adams.
Carriage manufacturers: S. Frye, G. C. Spinney.
Carriage painter : E. A. Abrams. Smith : W. H. Brown.
Carpenter : Washington Williams.
Postmaster : Horace B. Parker.
KITTERY POINT.
Kittery Point, three miles from the depot, at the south part of the town, occupies a peninsula a mile and a quar- ter in length, extending directly westward, and forming the eastern shore at the outlet of Spruce Creek, which is here spanned by a substantial bridge. The point is from a quar- ter to half a mile wide. For a distance of more than two miles eastward to Cutts Island a thickly-settled road-way continues. Branching off half-way, and continuing north around the east side of Spruce Creek, the settlement con- tinues close for nearly a mile. Most of these dwellings are the homes of workingmen and managers in government employ. The business of the place consists of-
Groceries : J. E. Frisbie, John C. Call. Provisions : E. Hoyt.
Confectionery : Safford & Clarkson, S. Frisbee, I. D. Phillips, John Safford, S. B. Grace, W. H. Riley, John H. Blake.
Millinery and ladies' goods : Mrs. Emma Keene, Mrs. Jane Hoyt, J. C. Safford, E. Bedell.
Carver : John Bellemy.
Carpenter : J. E. Patch.
Carriagesmith : W. Brown.
Physician : E. Q. Adams.
Hotel : Edward F. Safford, who is also postmaster. Mails daily.
INCORPORATION.
The town of Kittery was incorporated Oct. 20, 1647, and was the first town in Maine. The first selectmen were Nicholas Shapleigh, John Heard, and Nicholas Frost.
At a town-mecting held at Kittery, July 16, 1648, it was "ordered and agreed that Mr. Nicholas Shapleigh, John Hord, and Nicholas Frost* be townsmen, and rate the mar- ket this year, and that the townsmen shall receive all fines made within the township by any defaults, and the towns- men for to dispose of it for any public charge." Any one who failed to improve his " Lott" within one year was de- clared to have forfeited his title.
The first full election recorded was in 1692, when Wil- liam Scrivner was elected to act with the seven selectmen for assessment ; Maj. Joseph Hammond was elected Town Clerk; Mark Adams, Capt. John Wincoll (Wincoln), Lieut. William Fernald, James Emery, Sr., John Shap- leigh, Joshna Downing, Benoni Hodsdon, and Humphrey Chadbourne, Selectmen ; James Emery, " Deputy or Rep- resentative to serve at the Great or General Court at Bos- ton ;" Elisha Gunnison, William Serivner, Ensign Thomas Abbott, and Christian Remick were chosen to instruct " the said Deputy ;" Nathaniel Lord, Richard Briar, Constables; John Shapleigh, Humphrey Axell, Edmund Page, Nicholas Tucker, Peter Grant, James Warren, Jr., Surveyors of Highways and Fences; Daniel Stone, Sealer of Leather ; Nicholas Tucker, Culler of Staves and Packer of Meat and Mackerel; Peter Lewis, Culler of Fish ; Capt. John Win- coll, Surveyor of Lands; Richard Tozer, John Cooper, Jabez Jenkins, Joshua Downing, and William Pepperell, Grand Jurymen.
CIVIL LIST. TOWN CLERKS.
Humphrey Chadbourne, 1647-66; James Heard, 1667-69; Charles Frost, vacancy, 1669; Capt. Charles Frost, 1670; Maj. Joseph Hammond, 1692-1722; Charles Frost, 1722;f Charles Frost, 1723-31; Tobias Leighton, 1732-45; Tobias Fernald, 1746-6]; William Leighton, 1762-75; Dennis Fernald, 1776-88;} P. Fernald, 1789-90; Andrew Pepperell Fernald, 1791-1800; John Rogers, 1828; John Wentworth, 1829-32; Josiah Haley. 1833 -34; John L. Lawrence, 1835; Joseph Dame, 1836; Daniel Jones, 1837-39 ; Daniel Pierce, 1840-43; Richard Rogers, 1844 ; Daniel Pierce, 1845; John R. llaley, 1846-47; Ephraim Otis, 1848-49; Isaac D. Phillips, 1850-51 ; Benning Haley, 1852-53; Briard A. Currier, 1854-55; Isaac D. Phillips, 1856-57 ; Rev. Geo. M. Payne, John Wentworth, 1858 ; Jefferson T. Lewis, 1859 -60; John Rogers, 1861-62; Daniel P. Hutchings, 1863-64; D. M. Shapleigh, 1865-66; Benjamin G. Parker, 1867-68; Charles L. Duncan, 1869 ; Calvin L. Hayes, 1870-72; William M. San- born, 1873-75; Dennis M. Shapleigh, 1876-79.
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