USA > Maine > Lincoln County > Bristol > History of York, Maine, successively known as Bristol (1632), Agamenticus (1641), Gorgeana (1642), and York (1652) Vol. II > Part 31
USA > Maine > York County > York > History of York, Maine, successively known as Bristol (1632), Agamenticus (1641), Gorgeana (1642), and York (1652) Vol. II > Part 31
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TOWN CONSTABLES
1648 Arthur Bragdon 1668 Thomas Bragdon
1654 Sampson Angier
1670 Henry Simpson
1655 Sampson Angier
1672 Abraham Preble
1657 Arthur Bragdon 1674 John Card,
1659 George Parker (N. H. Deeds v, 4)
1661 Thomas Moulton 1675 Arthur Came
1663 Philip Hatch 1676 James Sharpe
1664 Henry Sayward
1677 Jeremiah Moulton
1665 Henry Sayward
1678 Jasper Pullman
1667 Nathaniel Masterson 1679 John Parker, Jr.
TOWN CLERKS
Next in order of importance in the business of the town is the office of Town Clerk and the following is a list of all those known to have served as such from its first settlement to 1900. Those holding this position before the Massacre of 1692 are gathered from various con- temporary sources:
Roger Garde, 1640 (Agamenticus)
Henry Norton, 1648 (Gorgeana)
Peter Weare, (York) 1659-1660 (S. J. C. Mss. 382) 1663, 1667, 1668, 1671, 1673
Abraham2 Preble, 1674, 1685-1695
James Plaisted, 1696-1698
Abraham3 Preble, 1699-1723
Joseph Moody, 1724-1733
Jeremiah Moulton, 1734-1744
Abraham Nowell, 1745
Daniel Moulton, 1746-1781 and 1783
Joseph Simpson, 1782 and 1784-1794
Joseph Tucker, 1795-180I
Moses Lyman, 1802-1808
Alexander McIntire, 1809-1815; 1818-1821; 1827- 1837; 1839-1852
Jeremiah Bradbury, 1816-1817
Charles O. Emerson, 1822-1826
Nathaniel G. Marshall, 1838
Edgar McIntire, 1852-1856
Washington Junkins, 1857-1863
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Charles I. Hutchins, 1864-1865
Samuel P. Young, 1866-1872
Charles O. Clark, 1873-1874
Nathaniel G. Marshall, 1875-1879 Joseph Bragdon, 1880-1892 Bradford S. Woodward, 1893 Allen C. Moulton, 1894-1898
Albert M. Bragdon, 1899 George F. Plaisted, 1900
The record of several of the above clerks covers many years of service. Peter Weare (of whom no continuous record is available) probably served longer than the years indicate, but no evidence now remains to show the char- acter of his work. It is not until we come to the long services of Abraham Preble, Jr., and his nephew Abraham, covering almost a continuous period of thirty-four years, that the town can give credit to important and excellent service. The former restored as far as possible after the Massacre the lost town records, and the latter for a quarter of a century continued the work of his uncle. The longest service is to be credited to Daniel Moulton who served thirty-seven years. Notwithstanding the current belief that some of our records have been removed or are missing it can be stated on the authority of the present Town Clerk, Judge Lester M. Bragdon, that the old town books upon which these ancient worthies labored year after year to record the doings of the town are intact and continuous from 1692 to the present time.
OVERSEERS OF THE POOR
One of the functions of the Selectmen of every town is their official responsibility for the care of the poor, of which they are Overseers. Lack of records prevents a statement of the early policy and actions of the town with respect to its poor. The first reference is in 1697 when Thomas Trafton was granted fifty acres for main- taining a town charge "with vittles washing and lodging Suttable for him" for one year (T. R. i, 101). This was a special case, involving an unfortunate man of good family, and is exceptional. The town has had its share of indigent persons from the first, according to the Biblical prescription that they are with us always. Almost from the first they were farmed out at a per diem rate, but they
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HISTORY OF YORK
became so numerous in the course of time that the town made numerous attempts for over a hundred years to provide special accommodations for them. In 1738 the town voted :
That the Selectmen Erect or Build a fit and convenient House in this Town; That so all Idle and Disorderly Persons, and such as are Poor, that are able of Body, that Live Idly or Disorderly mispend Their Time, or that Go about Begging or Receiving Alms from the Town may be kept to Work therein, under the Cair of a Master who shall be a Pointed to take Cair of said House. (T. R. ii, 76.)
The records do not show that any Work House was built under this order and it is apparent that it was allowed to lapse for ten years, as the following vote on this subject was passed March 8, 1747-8:
Voted that the School House standing near the Meeting House in the First Parish in this Town shall (for the Present) be assigned to & for the Use of a Work House, to set the Poor of the said Town on Work: and that Samuel Sewall junr be nominated & appointed as a Master or Warden of the same: and that Suitable Provision of Materi- als to set them on Work be accordingly made and provided. (T. R. ii, 119.)
The town voted to raise one hundred pounds for this purpose. But still the process of nullification went on. At the next annual meeting in 1749, this vote was rescinded, and the building was ordered "now improved as a School House" (Ibid. ii, 125). Apparently the old and easy way of boarding out. the paupers was continued till 1762 when a committee was appointed "to project some Method for building a Work House," and they reported against the plan. In 1763 the Overseers of the Poor were "empow- ered to hire a convenient house for a Work House," and eight years later another committee was chosen to con- sider the question of building, and on their report the Selectmen were ordered in 1772 to erect one and "take what Subscriptions they can towards building it." (Ibid. ii, 152, 153, 165.) At this time the political excitement of the times just preceding the Revolution probably over- came their slowly growing plan to erect a house, as it was postponed indefinitely. In 1804 the town decided it was "best to support the Poor in the way they are supported at Present," but the next year they took action looking towards procuring a work-house, with the usual feeble result. In 1817 a committee was appointed to find "a cheaper mode than the present for maintaining the poor,"
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TOWN GOVERNMENT AND OFFICIALS
and in 1821 they flirted with "letting out paupers" to lowest bidders. The old and heartless plan of farming out the poor continued until 1838, when an Alms House was finally built and the town wards were installed in it with John Banks as Superintendent. The gradual softening of the title Work House through Poor House to Alms House reflects the mental attitude of the people in the intervening years. In 1891 a new set of buildings was completed and the old institution razed. Modern ideas of this era are further developed in the provisions for the unfortunate poor in their new home, as well as in its management. In 1850 Joseph Plaisted, Jr., was keeper and had eighteen "guests" under his charge, and in 1880 William P. Tit- comb occupied that position, having fourteen inmates under his charge, seven males and seven females. Half of them were aged persons, ranging from sixty to eighty- eight years of age. There are two persons now supported by the town.
TOWN GOVERNMENT
The business of the town is now like the affairs of a large modern corporation. Its activities reach into the many avenues of approach which affect the life, health and happiness of its citizens in ever increasing ways. The ancient office of Selectman has become a "manager's" job. It requires the entire time and thought of the Chairman of the Board, as the innumerable details of the town's legal responsibilities and reciprocal obligations cannot with safety be intrusted to a changing personnel elected from year to year, as in the olden days. Somebody must be familiar with the continuity of policies as new and untried problems arise. In 1800 the sum of two thousand dollars was raised for the support of the town, while today this is multiplied about a hundred times to carry on the vari- ous old and new functions. Three centuries ago Arthur Bragdon was appointed by Sir Ferdinando Gorges an Alderman of his newly-created city government, and as the fourth century of its existence opens, Joseph P. Bragdon, a lineal descendant of the first Alderman, has worthily and acceptably filled a like office for the town, as a member of the Board of Selectmen, for the past thirty years. It is doubtful if any town in New England can show such a unique record of continuous family service, as his grandfather Elihu Bragdon served for a like period.
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CHAPTER XXIII
PROVINCIAL, STATE AND FEDERAL SERVICES
Citizens of this town have served the Colony, the Province, the State and the later Federal Government from the beginning. While a recital of these services does not lend itself to narrative form, yet these lists of officials, compiled from authoritative records, will place before the present generation the names of their ancestors, even in dull catalogue form, and furnish evidence of the parts they took in the upbuilding of the Colony, the Province, the State and the Nation.
REPRESENTATIVES TO GENERAL COURT
Edward Rishworth, 1653-59 Francis Littlefield, 1660 Edward Rishworth,11661-63 Peter Weare,2 1665-69 Samuel Wheelwright, 1671 Edward Rishworth, 1672, 74-76, 1679 Samuel Wheelwright, 1677 Samuel Donnell, 1690-91 Jeremiah Moulton, 1692 William Scriven, 1694 Abraham2 Preble, 1698 Samuel Donnell, 1700 James Plaisted, 170I Abraham3 Preble, Jr. 1702 Abraham Preble, 1703 Lewis Bane, 1704-05, 07- 08, 11-12, 14, 17-18 Samuel Donnell, 1706 Abraham Preble, 1709-13, 1715-19
Arthur Bragdon, 1710 Samuel Came, 1716-22 Peter Nowell, 1723-24 Samuel Clark, 1725-26 Jeremiah Moulton, 1726-28 Johnson Harmon, 1727 Richard Milberry, 1729,
31-40 Samuel Sewall, 1730 Samuel Clark, 1741-42 Jonathan Bean, 1744 Richard Milberry, 1745 Thomas Bragdon, 1746-51 Joseph Plaisted, 1752 John Bradbury, 1753-62 Thomas Bragdon, 1763 Jonathan Sayward, 1764-68 Thomas Bragdon, 1769-73 Daniel Bragdon, 1774-75 Joseph Simpson, 1776-78 Edward Grow, 1779-84
1 York was not represented at the General Court for twenty-one sessions, 1664, 1673, 1678-1691, 1693, 1695, 1696, 1697 and 1699. Possibly the representative for Wells or Kittery attended to this towns interests, but there is no record of such arrange- ment. This table amplifies and corrects the table printed in Moody's Handbook, p. 104, and is made up from the records of The General Court of Massachusetts Bay. 2 Weare represented Kittery in 1660.
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PROVINCIAL, STATE AND FEDERAL SERVICES
John Swett, 1785-86, 1788
Esaias Preble, 1787, 1789, 1796-98
David Sewall, 1790
Joseph Tucker, 1791-93
Nathaniel Barrell, 1794
Joseph Bragdon, 1795, 1799, 1800
Samuel Derby, 1801-04
PROVINCIAL COUNCILLORS
Job Alcock, 1692 Jeremiah Moulton, 1735
Samuel Donnell, 1700 John Bradbury, 1763
Samuel Came, 1733 David Sewall, 1776
Joseph Simpson, 1780
SPECIAL JUSTICES, COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Samuel Moody, 1722 Peter Nowell, 1739
Samuel Came, 1725 Daniel Moulton, 1761
Jonathan Sayward, 1772
JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT David Sewall
PROVOST MARSHALS OF THE PROVINCE
Henry Norton, 1645-1658 John Davis, 1658-1660 Nathaniel Masterson, 1660
PROVINCIAL CORONERS
Capt. Lewis Bane, 1707 Jonathan Preble, 1734
Samuel Came, 1722 Samuel Came, Jr. 1737
Joseph Banks, 1729 Daniel Moulton, 1740
Samuel Moody, 1731 Henry Simpson, Jr. 1746
Jeremiah Moulton, 1734 Henry Simpson, 1761
Edward Emerson, 1771
NAVAL OFFICERS
On November 27, 1776, Richard Trevett was chosen by the General Court of Massachusetts to be Naval Officer for York "to take bonds in adequate penalties for Observing the regulations made by the General Congress or General Assembly of this State concerning Trade and take Manifests of all Cargoes exported and imported and keep fair accounts and Entries thereof, give bills of Health when desired and sign Certificates that the requisites for qualifying Vessels to trade have been complied with."
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HISTORY OF YORK
(Acts and Resolves xix, 681.) This was the precursor of the later office of Collector of Customs.
Col. Edward Grow was chosen to succeed him on Feb- ruary 9, 1777, and on January 5, 1780, Trevett was again chosen to fill the office (Ibid. xx, 596; xxi, 336; 2 Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc. xx, 357).
COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS
In June 1789 the Congress of the United States passed an enabling act to provide for the collection of dues on imports, and the next year ports of entry and delivery were designated along the Atlantic seaboard. York was among the first so designated and in 1791 the Secretary of the Treasury (Alexander Hamilton) recommended, and President Washington nominated, Richard Trevett to be Collector of Customs at this port. He was the first to hold this office and his commission is dated March 21, 1791. The office existed here continuously from that date until March 3, 1913, when it was abolished by an Act of Congress during the administration of President Taft. At the same time a number of the smaller collection districts were discontinued owing to the excessive cost of collection in proportion to the customs revenue received. The small business of this office was transferred to Ports- mouth, N. H. The office had gradually developed into a snug harbor for local politicians and caused many rivalries for the honor (and emoluments) of appointment to this sinecure, and its subordinate staff. It was reported to have cost about fifty dollars to collect one of revenue at the time of its discontinuance. The successors in office since the first appointment have been:
Richard Trevett, 1791 Joseph Tucker, 1795 Samuel Derby, 1804 Jeremiah Clarke, 1809 Alexander McIntire, 1811 Jeremiah Bradbury, 1815 Thomas Savage, 182I Mark Dennett, 1829 Joseph P. Junkins, 1840 Jeremiah Brooks, 1841 Nathaniel G. Marshall, 1849
Luther Junkins, 1853 Washington Junkins, 1860 George Bowden, 1860 Jeremiah S. Putnam, 1861 Edward A. Bragdon, 1870 Joel Wilson, 1886 George W. Currier, 1891 Edward W. Baker, 1898 Edward H. Banks, 1902 George E. Marshall, 1905 Herbert D. Philbrick, 1908
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PROVINCIAL, STATE AND FEDERAL SERVICES
The office force consisted of a Collector, a Deputy Collector (abolished in 1865), a Deputy at Cape Neddick, a Weigher and Inspector. As far as known the office was usually at the residence of the Collector.
THE LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE
By act of Congress, March 3, 1837, $5,000 was appro- priated for a lighthouse on "York Knubble," but this fund was not used. In 1854, $1,065 out of a second appropria- tion of $5,000 was expended at this site. On July 31, 1876, $15,000 was appropriated, the greater part of which was expended. The buildings were completed in June, 1879, and on July 1, 1879, a fourth-order fixed red light was exhibited. With the exception of minor repairs, the sta- tion retains its original appearance.
At present Cape Neddick exhibits a fixed red light of 870 candlepower. The lens is of the fourth order, the illuminant incandescent oil vapor, and the light is visible fourteen miles. A stroke of the fog bell is sounded every fifteen seconds. The light in the white conical tower is eighty-eight feet above high water and forty-one feet above the ground.
LIGHTHOUSE ON THE NUBBLE
The records show that Mr. Nathaniel H. Otterson was appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury "Acting Keeper of the Light-House at York Nubble, Me. (New station)" on June 27, 1879, and that Mr. Otterson resigned at the close of September 30, 1885. A list of Mr. Otterson's successors follows; lapses between dates of termination of services of incumbents and entrance on
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HISTORY OF YORK
duty of their successors having evidently been supplied through hiring local men temporarily to attend the light:
Brackett Lewis, from October 1, 1885, to December I, 1904; William M. Brooks, from December 1, 1904, to September 30, 1912; James Burke, from October 1, 1912, to March 13, 1919; William P. Richardson, from March 14, 1919, to September 19, 1921; Fairfield H. Moore, from November 16, 1921, to October 31, 1928; Edmund A. Howe, from November 1, 1928, to February 28, 1930; Eugene L. Coleman, from March 17, 1930, to date.
BOON ISLAND
Boon Island is one of the most isolated stations off the Maine coast, located six and one-half miles from York. The lighthouse was built here in 1812, having been author- ized by President Madison. The tower is constructed of granite, of a conical design, to a height of one hundred and thirty-three feet. Boon Island has been the scene of many shipwrecks. A complete list of light keepers is not avail- able. Those serving since 1874 are as follows : J. H. Card, service ending April 10, 1874; A. J. Leavitt, April 10, 1874 to October 18, 1886; Orrin M. Lamprey, October 18, 1886 to October 25, 1888; William C. Williams, October 25, 1888 to August 31, 1911; Mitchell Blackwood, September II, 19II to August 31, 1916; Harry Smith, October 23, 1916 to April 30, 1920; Albert Staples, May 1, 1920 to October 15, 1923; Harold I. Hutchins, January 4, 1924 to October 31, 1933; Charles Edward Tracy, November I, 1933 to present time.
THE POSTAL SERVICE
The story of the "post" is intimately bound up with the development of highway communication and that subject has been considered in another chapter. The first settlers left behind them in England a fairly well estab- lished system of post roads, and it was natural that when conditions of travel from Province to Province warranted it public post routes would be inaugurated. In the beginning official and personal communications were carried by chance travelers who were always impressed into the service of letter writers. The Province of Maine was not considered in any program of carrying the mails from Boston beyond Portsmouth until about 1760,
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PROVINCIAL, STATE AND FEDERAL SERVICES
although a postal service for the British Provinces had been set in motion in New York under a Deputy Post- master-General. In 1760 this system was extended as far east as Falmouth with a weekly delivery. A post office was established at Kennebunk, as a half way station, but York was considered a branch of Portsmouth. It was the distributing centre for this town before 1750 and lists of letters awaiting call were printed in the weekly issues of the New Hampshire Gazette.1
It was deemed good political strategy and of great social benefit by the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, after seceding from Royalties, to establish and maintain lines of communication, both intra and interprovincial. For this purpose they set up a general post office in Cam- bridge in May 1775, and appointed post-men to ride upon the principal routes in the Province as far east as George- town. The charges for a letter were 514 pence for carrying it not exceeding 60 miles; from 60 to 100 miles, 8 pence; for 100 to 200 miles, 1012 pence; and for 200 to 300 miles, 13 pence. The General Congress, recognizing the benefits to be derived from a uniform mail system throughout the colonies, assumed control of it in July 1775 and established a regular line of post roads from Falmouth, Maine, to Savannah, Georgia, under the management of Benjamin Franklin. In January 1786 the mails were first carried in coaches from Portsmouth to Savannah, but another year elapsed before the schedule was extended into Maine. The mails came three times a week in Summer and twice a week in Winter. As late as 1801 the mail was two days in going to Boston, if the roads favored. In Winter they were delayed for weeks at a time.
A regular post office was not established in York until 1793 when Daniel Sewall was commissioned March 20 of that year as our first postmaster. The office was gen- erally located in the house or store of the one who held the appointment. The earliest locations can be approxi-
1 In 1756-1759 the following letters were advertised at the post office for residents of York: Nathaniel Donnell, Thomas Donnell, Edward Grow, Timothy Gerrish, Joseph Hutson, John Hays, Edward Ingraham, Samuel Sewall, Jonathan Sayward, Nicholas Tucker, Hugh Tucker, James Tompson and Stephen Teague in 1756; Abraham Adans, William Allen, Daniel Bragdon, Samuel Copp, Edward Emerson and Joseph Holt in 1757; Edward Barton, David Bean, Daniel Bragdon, John Clements, John Conway, Benjamin Holt, William More, Hepzibah Rodick, Joseph Stafford, Samuel Storer, Nathaniel Simpson and Nicholas Tucker in 1758; Manwaren Beal, Joseph Holt, Job Lyman, John Nowell, Nathaniel Preble, Francis Raynes and Josiah Sampson in 1769.
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HISTORY OF YORK
mately determined from a knowledge of the residences of the first few holders of the place. Solomon Brooks (1829- 1841) kept it in his store, where the residence of George N. Baker now stands. Charles O. Clark (1841-1845) lived on Clarks Lane. Joseph P. Junkins (1854-1859) kept it in his store in the building now Baker's Market. Francis Plaisted (1859-1861) took it to York Corner where he kept a store. Edward A. Bragdon (1861-1866) succeeded him in a new location, adjoining Joseph P. Junkins. Rufus Varrell (1866-1867) moved it across the street to the site of the present bank building. Later locations are within the knowledge of the present genera- tion. The following is a list of the postmasters from the establishment of this office as taken from the records of ยท the Post Office Department:
Daniel Sewall, March 20, 1793 Nathaniel Sargent, March 30, 1808 David Wilcox, January 21, 1821 Solomon Brooks, October 26, 1829 Charles O. Clark, May 29, 1841 Edward G. Brooks, May 24, 1845 Solomon Brooks, July 2, 1845 Joseph P. Junkins, February 28, 1854 Francis Plaisted, September 12, 1859 Edward A. Bragdon, June 19, 1861 Rufus Varrill, August 24, 1866 Charles W. Walker, April 24, 1867 Fremont Varrell, September 23, 1885 Daniel A. Stevens, April 10, 1889 Fremont Varrell, April 1, 1893 William Sewall Putnam, December 10, 1896
The name of the original office was changed to York Harbor October 6, 1908, after which the following appoint- ments were made:
Edward H. S. Baker, October 17, 1914
William F. Putnam, November 15, 192I
Offices are also now located at York Village, York Beach and Cape Neddick. Offices formerly were located at York Corner and Brixham. Rural free delivery is now maintained from York Village and Cape Neddick to out- lying sections.
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PROVINCIAL, STATE AND FEDERAL SERVICES
STATE SENATORS
Alexander McIntire, 1835-36
Solomon Brooks, 1843-44
William McIntire, 1853-54 Alexander Dennett, 1855
Nathaniel G. Marshall, 1861-62
John C. Stewart, 1891
Joseph W. Simpson, 1905- 07
STATE REPRESENTATIVES
Alexander McIntire, 1823-24 Elihu Bragdon, 1825-26
Charles O. Emerson, 1827- 29
Cotton Chase, 1830
Alexander McIntire, 1831
Nathaniel Webber, 1832-33 Alexander McIntire, 1834 Solomon Brooks, 1835 Josiah Chase, 1836
Solomon Brooks, 1837-38
William McIntire, 1839-40 Solomon Brooks, 1841 Theodore Wilson, 1842-43 Josiah Chase, 1844
Nathaniel Webber, 1845 Samuel Webber, 1846-47 George W. Freeman, 1848-49
Alexander Dennett, 1850- 52
George Bowden, 1853-54
Josiah Chase, 1855
Charles Came, 1856-57
William H. Sweat, 1858-59
Samuel E. Payne, 1860-61 Asa McIntire, 1863 Henry K. Bradbury, 1864 Josiah Bragdon, 1865 Charles C. Barrell, 1867 Charles Junkins, 1869 Joseph Bragdon, 1871 George W. S. Putnam, 1873 George M. Payne, 1875
Josiah D. Bragdon, 1877 James A. Bragdon, 1879
365
CHAPTER XXIV ANCIENT LANDMARKS
In the course of three centuries the superficial area of York has been pretty well plastered with place names, many of which have been forgotten or fallen into disuse, while others have survived the wear of years and con- tinued to maintain their hold on the local nomenclature of the town. The survival of place names is somewhat of a curiosity. In some instances the name of a transient settler has become fastened on a locality, despite its own- ership by others for two or more centuries, and the dis- appearance of his descendants from the town. Godfrey's Cove and Pond are examples.
Few place names in the Indian language have come down to us, probably due to the fact that there were no permanent Indian villages here, and no remains of their occupation such as shell heaps and burial mounds have ever been located. Fortunately, from the standpoint of aboriginal association, the Indian name of this town has been preserved unchanged from our first records of it and as it comes first in the alphabet it will be examined first in the literal order in which these ancient landmarks of York are here discussed.
AGAMENTICUS
Of the few survivals of Algonquian place names in Old York the one most familiar to us is Agamenticus, a title which has not only been given to the distinguished landmark, now known as Mount Agamenticus, but as earlier applied to the river and then to the entire region by the first Englishmen who made it their home. That it is of aboriginal derivation admits of no serious doubt, but the significance of the word has baffled all who have attempted its interpretation into our own terms of verbal expression. While the writer can make but little preten- sion to a grammatical knowledge of the Algonquian lan- guage, yet some considerable study of the basic principles of Indian place names in other parts of New England affords an excuse for this present examination of this distinctive word identified with York.
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ANCIENT LANDMARKS
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