USA > Maine > Waldo County > Belfast > History of the city of Belfast in the state of Maine v.I, 1770-1875 > Part 64
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694
HISTORY OF BELFAST.
Follett ; James L. Cassin's, Reuben Derby's, and Samuel Peirce's immediately below ; Francis Anderson's, still further down, on the opposite side of the street; Brown and McDonald's, in a portion of the building now known as the Telegraph Block; and John Angier's, where the store of L. A. Knowlton stands. John Milli- ken and John Merrill traded a short time in the building which Angier occupied. They were out of business in 1803.
The principal traders in 1815 were Francis Anderson, John Angier, William Avery, John H. Conner, William Cunningham, Andrew Derby, Samuel French, Benjamin Hazeltine, Ralph C. Johnson, Joseph P. Ladd, Andrew Leach, Benjamin Palmer, Thomas Pickard, John Russ, Samuel Spring, and Charles K. Tilden. Five years later, in addition to the most of these, Hugh J. Anderson, John Clark, Francis Hathaway, John S. Kimball, Philip Morrill, Peter H. Smith, and Oshea Page were in active business. The only survivors are Messrs. Anderson and Clark. White's History gives the number of merchants whom the village afforded in 1827 as forty-two.
In 1830, there were thirty-six stores for the sale of goods. Their occupants were Charles F. Angier, Ephraim Alley, John S. Ayer, William Avery, William Barnes, Edwin Beaman (Head of the Tide), Benjamin Brown, Isaac C. Brown, 2d (Upper Bridge), Hutson Bishop, Henry Cargill, Horatio G. K. Calef, Henry Col- burn (Head of the Tide), Chase and Sibley, Andrew Derby, Foss and Lothrop, Samuel French, Charles Goodwin, John Haraden, Benjamin Hazeltine, Paul R. Hazeltine, Mayo Hazeltine & Co. (Ralph C. Johnson), Joel Hills, Richard Holt, Justus Hurd, Samuel Jackson, Jr., John S. Kimball, James Langworthy, P. & E. T. Morrill, Salathiel Nickerson (Upper Bridge), Peter Osgood, Palmer and Dudley, Joshua Pickard, John Russ (Point), Samuel Spring, James P. White, Whittier and Patterson. Of these, Edwin Bea- man, P. R. Hazeltine, Reuben Sibley, and James P. White are the only ones now (1874) living. Mr. Beaman and Mr. Sibley alone remain in active business.
At first, traders did not deal in specific articles ; but their stores were of that infinite variety which is found in country towns at the present day. Dr. Charles Hall opened the earliest apothecary establishment : this was about 1810. Dr. William Poor succeeded him. An auction store is advertised in 1827 by John W. Apple- ton. In 1825, for the first time, a store was opened devoted ex- clusively to the sale of dry goods. Francis A. Bowers was the
.
695
COMMERCIAL HISTORY.
proprietor : the store was in the Telegraph Block. Samuel Sinkler and Loring Varney, from Portland, opened a furniture ware-room in the old Babel in 1821 : it was the first in the place. Although up to comparatively a recent date no stock was complete without an ample supply of every kind of spirits and wines, Reuben Kim- ball, about 1815, was the first whose sign indicated that they were a specialty in his business. The earliest restaurant, or "victualling cellar," as it was then called, John .Croxford, under the Babel, opened in 1813.
While cord-wood and lumber were abundant, the cultivation of the soil in this section of the State was neglected. But little country produce came to market; and potatoes and hay, which now constitute so important a staple, did not become general articles of export until a recent date. The first exclusive pur- chaser of the latter products was Daniel Merrill, who in 1837 erected a storehouse, which William Pitcher afterwards occupied, and advertised for "twenty or thirty tons of hay." Ice was first exported in 1828, two schooners having loaded with it for New York. It did not come into public use here until 1847, when C. U. & L. E. Burkmar commenced delivering it through the village at the rate of one cent per pound.1
The depression of trade and the stagnation of industry in the country have always produced a more unfavorable effect upon Belfast than upon other towns whose interests were more closely connected with agriculture. Steadily increasing for a quarter of a century succeeding the Revolution, was the embargo of 1807, the first dark cloud which gathered on the horizon of her prosperity. " The people of our town in that day," remarks Governor Crosby, " were eminently a commercial people. The principal business of the place was buying, selling, and shipping cord-wood to Bos- ton and other western ports, and lumber to the West Indies. It was in reality the only business that yielded money, or its equiva- lent, in return. Under the restrictive policy adopted by Con- gress, this class of business was almost paralyzed. Ship-masters and sailors, who constituted a very respectable portion of the popula- tion here and elsewhere on the coast of Maine, were thrown out of employment. This state of things continued, with the excep- tion of a brief interval, immediately following the passage of the Non-intercourse Act, until the close of the war in 1815. During
1 Ice was not generally used in the city of Portland until 1840. Previous experi- ments for selling it there proved a failure.
.
696
HISTORY OF BELFAST.
all this time, however, a new field of labor was opening in the improvement and cultivation of the lands lying in the interior. Loss of profit from commercial enterprise, although a heavy blow, did not dishearten the men of that day. They accepted it as an inevitable necessity : if they could not plough the sea, they could plough the land, and they went into the work manfully." 1
At a town meeting, held Aug. 23, 1808, the following proceed- ings concerning the embargo took place : -
" Voted, unanimously, to petition the President to suspend the law laying an embargo.
" Voted, unanimously, that the next member to Congress from this district be instructed to use the utmost of his endeavors to repeal the laws laying an embargo, in case they are not repealed before that time.
" Voted, that John Wilson, William Crosby, and Bohan P. Field be a committee to draft a petition.
" Voted, that a committee be chosen to forward the Petition to the President of the United States; also, to transmit a copy of it to the printer of the 'Gazette of Maine,' with the votes lead- ing to it, for the purpose of publication, and the Selectmen are chosen a committee for that purpose." 2
In response to a communication from the Chamber of Com- merce of Philadelphia, the merchants of Belfast held a meeting at Huse's Tavern on the 9th of September, and adopted resolu- tions against an increase of duties on imported goods.
From 1833 to 1836 occurred the eastern land speculations, when fortunes were made and lost with great rapidity. Timber lands attained a temporary value which they have never since pos- sessed ; every obscure mill-stream became the fancied motive power of thousands of cotton spindles, and town lots were bonded at almost fabulous prices. All classes, merchants and farmers, ministers and professional men, turned speculators, as in the days of John Law and the great Mississippi bubble. The Legislature was besieged by visionary corporators, and in a single year granted over two hundred private charters, comprising, among others, companies for manufacturing shoes, india-rubber hats, glass, and steel; for silk-worm culture and for establishing market
1 Crosby's Annals. The Embargo Act caused a great sensation. Bills on the Penob- scot Bank, then the only monetary institution in this vicinity, declined to twelve per cent discount. They were taken at par, however, for rum and lottery tickets.
2 The petition is not recorded, and is not found among the town papers.
-
1
697
COMMERCIAL HISTORY.
houses, stages, ferries, canals, railroads, and banks, and for mining coal, iron, soapstone, pipe-clay, and plaster. Belfast did not escape the general contagion, at least upon paper; and, in addition to the projected enterprises already enumerated, may be men- tioned the following bodies politic, for which charters were granted to her citizens during the brief period of two years, between 1834 and 1836 :-
Belfast Fishing Company. Peter H. Smith and others, corporators.
" Marine Railway Co. F. A. Lewis
"
Waldo Mill Co. H. G. K. Calef
Sullivan Granite Co. John S. Ayer
A
Waldo Coal, Iron, Marble, and Lime Min- ing and Manufacturing Co., with a cap-
ital of $200,000. Alfred Johnson, Jr.,
"
"
Belfast Paper Manufacturing Co. John Dorr
Belfast Cordage Manufacturing Co. P. Morrill
Belfast Flannel Manufacturing Co. P. Morrill
"2
Saturday Cove Granite Co. R. Moody " "
New England Manufacturing Company, which the town, in 1836, voted to exempt from taxation for five years.
In wild lands, our citizens were slow to embark their money or , their credit. Yet to some extent they shared the general enthu- siasm. After the collapse of the inflation, in 1837, it was re- marked by a wealthy and most observing citizen that, had our village people disregarded the wild phantoms of the period, and pursued their customary legitimate business, they would have been at least a quarter of a million of dollars better off. " This," said the " Journal," " is a mere drop in the bucket, compared with the speculations of many places no larger than this. Indeed, so cau- tious were our citizens of the mad schemes, that our more specu- lative neighbors, as a term of reproach, christened the place 'Sleepy Hollow.'" Nearly a generation elapsed before we escaped the influence of the opprobrious term.
CUSTOM-HOUSE.
Previous to the Revolution, Falmouth was the only collection district in Maine : it was established in 1758, and embraced our
698
HISTORY OF BELFAST.
whole territory. In 1789, Congress erected the district of Penob- scot, with Castine for the seat of customs. John Lee was the first collector, but he had no subordinate here. Through the influence of Hon. John Wilson, our member of Congress, it was enacted, under date of April 20, 1818, "That a collection district be and hereby is established in the State of Massachusetts, which shall include all the ports and harbors on the westerly shore of the Penobscot Bay and River, from the town of Camden to the town of Bangor, both inclusive; and a collector shall be appointed, to reside at Belfast, which shall be the only port of entry for said dis- trict." Colonel Daniel Lane, of Portland, having been appointed, came here to reside early in the summer of that year, and opened the custom-house in the second story of a wooden build- ing erected the previous year by George W. Webster, on the site of the North Church. The passage of the Act was celebrated by a supper at Cunningham's hotel.
In 1827, an attempt to incorporate Castine, Hampden, and Ban- gor into a new district resulted in the establishment of the office of inspector at Frankfort, now Winterport. Benjamin Shaw, Esq., clerk of the courts in Hancock County, received the position, with authority to act as deputy collector, and to enter and clear vessels. Prospect, now Searsport, was constituted a port of delivery in 1831. The district of Bangor was created in 1847. It included the counties of Penobscot and Piscataquis, and the town of Frankfort. Two years later, Islesboro', North Haven, and Vinalhaven were separated from the Castine district, and annexed to that of Belfast. A deputy collector was first appointed at Stockton, in 1866. In 1868, Vinalhaven and North Haven being made ports of delivery, to enable vessels to obtain drawback on salt used for fishing purposes, private bonded warehouses were established in both towns.
The following list comprises the names of the collectors of cus- toms, the date of their appointment, and the subordinate officers resident here : -
Daniel Lane, July 29, 1818. Nathaniel H. Bradbury, Deputy Collector and Inspector. James Douglas, Inspector.
Nathaniel M. Lowney, March 13, 1838. David W. Lothrop, Deputy.
George Thacher, March 18, 1841. Norman E. Roberts, Deputy. Alonzo Osborn, Inspector.
Benjamin Wiggin, Jan. 10, 1845. Ansel Lennan, Deputy.
699
COMMERCIAL HISTORY.
Darius D. Pinkham, Deputy and Inspector. Bradford S. Foster, Weigher and Gauger.
Nathaniel M. Lowney, April 10, 1845. Subordinates, the same as those last named.
Alfred Marshall, Aug. 10, 1846. Ansel Lennan, Deputy. Jacob S. Marshall, Inspector. Bradford S. Foster, Weigher.
Maurice C. Blake, June 1, 1849. Isaac N. Felch, Deputy. Horatio N. Palmer, Inspector.
Adams Treat, April 4, 1853. Ansel Lennan, Deputy. Henry W. Cunningham, Inspector.
Ephraim K. Smart, Aug. 27, 1853. Ansel Lennan, Henry W. Cunningham, Deputies. Levi R. Wing, M. V. Stetson, Weighers.
Jonathan G. Dickerson, Feb. 20, 1858. Joseph Wheeler, Jona- than H. Fuller, Deputies. Josiah Simpson, Abner G. Gilmore, Weighers.
Truman Harmon, April 1, 1861. Wakefield G. Frye, Deputy. William H. Fogler, Inspector. George D. McCrillis, occasional Inspector.
William G. Crosby, Sept. 29, 1866. William H. Fogler, Deputy. George Crosby, Inspector. George D. McCrillis, occasional In- spector.
Truman Harmon, Feb. 9, 1867. Wakefield G. Frye, Special Deputy Collector. M. P. Woodcock, Deputy Collector.
Barnabas M. Roberts, Feb. 21, 1871. Timothy Thorndike, Special Deputy Collector. J. D. Tucker, Inspector. Wooster Parker, Deputy Collector. Charles H. Wording, Janitor. E. A. Perry, Storekeeper.
In November, 1821, the custom-house was removed to a room over the store of F. Tinkham & Co., in the brick block on Main Street erected by Ladd and Morrill. In April, 1822, it was moved back to the room where it was first kept, and continued there until June, 1824, when it was removed to rooms in the brick block before named, and thence, in January, 1829, to the office on High Street, previously occupied by Judge Crosby, on the site of the brick building now occupied as a store by Mr. Arnold Harris. In November; 1834, it was removed to the rooms over the store on Main Street, now occupied by Mr. H. H. Forbes, erected that year. Mr. Lowney, who was appointed collector in 1838, upon the erec- tion of the store now occupied by Thorndike & Carle, the follow- ing year removed to rooms in the second story of that building, where he remained until superseded by Colonel Thacher, in 1841.
700
HISTORY OF BELFAST.
During the term of the latter, for four years, ending in 1845, the office was kept at No. 5 Phoenix Row. On the reappointment of Mr. Lowney, in 1845, he removed it to its former place on Main Street. For a few months in 1846, during the administration of Hon. B. Wiggin, it returned to Phoenix Row. From September 5 of that year until February, 1857, the office was over Colonel Hiram Chase's store, on Main Street. It was then removed to the building erected by Government on Church Street, between Main and Franklin Streets, for which, in 1854, Congress made an appro- priation of $20,000. This structure, known as the custom-house and post-office, occupies ground purchased of James White and Samuel S. Hersey. Several other parcels of land were offered, but no other seemed so eligible to the agents appointed to make the selection. The contract for the building was awarded to Isaac Allard, for $19,900. Ground was broken June 13, 1855; and, under the superintendence of Ephraim Swett, the premises were ready for occupancy in January, 1857. The lot was graded and fenced in 1858. The building has a frontage of forty-five feet, and is thirty-two feet deep. A room for the customs' business, twenty-
CUSTOM-HOUSE. ERECTED 1855-56.
four by twenty-three feet, and the collector's private room, seven- teen by sixteen feet, occupy the second story. On the lower floor are the post-office and a room for the postmaster. There is a balcony from the second story, and the roof is surmounted by a balustrade. The structure is constructed of brick and iron, and is supposed to be fire-proof.
701
COMMERCIAL HISTORY.
THE MONUMENT.
An Act of Congress, passed in 1826, appropriated twelve hun- dred dollars for erecting a beacon or monument on Steele's Ledge. Jonathan Wilson offered to build it of split granite; but a propo- sal to construct a wooden one was accepted. It was completed the following year, being twenty-six feet in height. On the 13th of October, 1833, a violent south-east storm washed out the bal- last ; and the whole structure, the mast surmounted by a cask, came sailing up the harbor. It was subsequently sold at auction, and taken to the flats opposite the Railroad Wharf, where for many years it served as a pier. In 1846, P. R. Hazeltine and fifty-four others asked Government to purchase it of Otho Abbot, the owner; but their petition was not granted. It was carried away by a vessel, on the 4th of November, 1864. In 1835, a stone beacon supplied the place of the old one on Steele's Ledge. It was thirty feet high, and twenty-four feet square at the base, nar- rowing to half that size at the top. After remaining until Feb. 20, 1859, it was thrown down by the pressure of the ice. The present monument was built the same year, by Mr. McIntyre, of Camden.
COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS.
In 1862, an ordinance establishing regulations for the hari or was passed. It provided for the appointment of a harbor-master, who should have the care and regulation of the harbor and of all water-craft therein, with authority to remove vessels when anchored to the danger or inconvenience of parties interested. The Legis- lature of 1869 passed an act prohibiting the anchorage of vessels longer than twelve hours, at certain times of year, between Mc- Gilvery's ship-yard, at the foot of Allyn Street, and Lewis's Wharf. The office of port-warden was established in 1873, and Captain Horace W. Brackett appointed to the position.
WHARVES.
The first wharf was built by James Nesmith, in 1799. It was just southerly from Lewis's Wharf, at the foot of Main Street. In 1805, besides Nesmith's Wharf, was Russ's, built by John Russ, north-westerly from it, and Mansur's, built by James Mansur, at the foot of Market Street. Major William Cunningham had a wharf near the westerly end of the upper bridge.
702
HISTORY OF BELFAST.
SCREW DOCK.
In 1834, James S. Burgin and John Worthing invented a screw dock, upon a new principle, for taking up vessels to repair or paint. The Belfast Screw Dock Company, composed of Ephraim T. Morrill, Samuel French, Samuel Jackson, Jr., John Haraden, and Abraham Libby, having been chartered that year, a dock was con- structed at Holt's Wharf, near the westerly end of the east bridge. It went into operation May 1, and was used until about 1841.
MARINE RAILWAY.
F. A. Lewis and others were incorporated, under the name of the Belfast Marine Railway Company, in 1834; but nothing re- sulted from the movement. In 1849, a railway adapted for ves- sels of three hundred tons was built where the present one stands ; and the next year James P. White and others were chartered under the same name as the former company, with a capital of $12,000. Messrs. D. W. Dyer & Co. afterwards became the proprietors.
BANKS.
The first one incorporated was the Belfast, in 1825, with a capital of $50,000. It was not organized.
The Waldo Bank, chartered in 1832, went into existence March 24, by the choice of Ralph C. Johnson, Joseph Williamson, Rufus B. Allyn, Thomas Marshall, and Hugh J. Anderson, directors. Ralph C. Johnson was the first president, and H. O. Alden cashier. The banking room was in the casterly half of the store now occu- pied by George R. Sleeper, in the Fire-proof Block : it was removed to No. 6 Phoenix Row, Jan. 23, 1833, when James White suc- ceeded Mr. Alden as cashier. In 1837, an Act authorizing the surrender of the charter was accepted ; and on March 28, fifty per cent of the capital, which never exceeded $50,000, was divided among the stockholders, and the affairs brought to a close.
In 1836, John S. Kimball, H. G. K. Calef, James P. White, John Dorr, P. R. Hazeltine, Samuel A. Moulton, Prescott Hazel- tine, H. H. Johnson, Joseph Williamson, William Quimby, N. H. Bradbury, Samuel Jackson, Jr., H. N. Lancaster, John Haraden, Samuel Locke, Frye Hall, Daniel Lane, S. Nickerson, Jr., W. T. Colburn, Edwin Beaman, Thomas Bartlett, Josiah Farrow, Ben- jamin Hazeltine, Thomas Pickard, Solyman Heath, and R. Sibley were incorporated as the Belfast Bank, with a capital of $50,000.
703
COMMERCIAL HISTORY.
It was organized June 3, Joseph Williamson, Daniel Lane, P. R. Hazeltine, Thomas Pickard, James P. White, S. Nickerson, and John Haraden comprising the original Board of Directors. Mr. Williamson was the first president, being succeeded in 1837 by John S. Kimball, in 1839 by James White, in 1847 by Thomas Marshall, and in 1867 by James P. White. The succession of cashiers have been Albert Bingham, from 1836 to 1840; N. H. Bradbury, from 1840 to 1859; and Albion H. Bradbury, the present incumbent, from 1859. The capital stock was increased to $75,000 in 1851, and to $125,000 in 1854. The national system was adopted in January, 1864, with a capital of $150,000. The bank- ing room was first in the Fire-proof Block, on High Street : it was removed to its present location, in the Johnson Block, in 1857.
The Bank of Commerce, with a capital of $75,000, incorporated in 1854, commenced business July 1 of that year, over Furber & Bean's store, west of the American House. Hiram O. Alden, Alfred W. Johnson, James P. Furber, John W. White, Asa Faunce, Columbia P. Carter, and W. H. Hunt were the first direc- tors. Mr. Alden was chosen president, and Charles Palmer cashier. The latter resigned Nov. 1, 1864, being succeeded by John H. Quimby. Alfred W. Johnson succeeded Mr. Alden as president, in 1866; and Asa Faunce was chosen in the place of Mr. Johnson, who resigned Oct. 12, 1857. In October, 1868, after the national system superseded State institutions, the affairs of this bank were brought to a close ; and the Belfast Savings Bank took its place, under the charge of Asa Faunce, John G. Brooks, William O. Poor, Charles B. Hazeltine, and Nathan F. Houston, trustees. Asa Faunce has been president, and John H. Quimby treasurer, since the organization. The first banking room was that of the Bank of Commerce, which was exchanged for the present com- modious quarters at the corner of Main and Church Streets, June, 1874. From the annual report of the bank examiner, 1874, it appears that the amount of deposits was $990,133; number of depositors, 2,844.
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
The only institution of this nature ever organized here was the Waldo Mutual, in 1847, with a capital of $76,500, composed of advance premium notes, with sureties. The business did not prove profitable, and was discontinued in 1858. James P. White,
704
HISTORY OF BELFAST.
Josiah Farrow, Nathan Pendleton, Paul R. Hazeltine, H. J. Ander- son, Daniel Haraden, Rowland Carlton, John W. White, Oakes Angier, William H. Burrill, Salathiel Nickerson, William T. Col- burn, Robert White, William G. Crosby, Benjamin Hazeltine, and Prescott Hazeltine, of Belfast, and Phineas Pendleton and David Nickels, of Searsport, were the first trustees; Josiah Farrow being president, and N. H. Bradbury secretary. James P. White was president from 1850 to 1858. The office was in the room of the Belfast Bank.
The first policy issued by the company was on the brig " An- toinette," Dec. 2, 1847 : the last was on the ship "C. W. White," Dec. 8, 1858.
In 1859, James P. White and others received a charter for the Belfast Mutual Fire Insurance Company. No organization was made.
The Belfast Marine Insurance Company, with an authorized capital not exceeding $300,000, was incorporated in 1874. It has never gone into operation.
From the account-book kept at Fort Pownall, which has been before referred to, it appears that the first vessel ever built upon the Penobscot was launched there in 1774. No further information concerning her exists, except that she was a schooner, and that Thomas Goldthwait and others were her owners. After the Revo- lution, when cord-wood became a profitable article of export, the building of coasters began to receive attention. The earliest experi- ment of the kind here was that of the schooner "Jenny Miller," built by Robert and James Miller, at Sandy Beach, and launched Oct. 26, 1793. She measured one hundred and twenty tons. The assessor's books for 1797 show the valuation of six vessels : viz., William Griffin's, 800; James Patterson's schooner, $1,000; Solon and Zenas Stephenson's schooner, $1,000; Miller's, $800 ; Ephraim McFarland's, $1,500; N. Patterson's sloop, $400. It is not known how many of these were built here. The records of the Penobscot Customs District, which included Belfast until 1818, give the following list of vessels built here up to that year : -
Tonnage.
1796. Schr. Two Brothers . 92.72 E. McFarland & B. Young, owners.
1798. Sloop Ranger .
104.57 E. McFarland, W. Patterson, T. Cun- ningham, owners.
1798. Hero
90.26 Samuel & Robert Houston, owners.
1801. Schr. Industry
101.66 Benj. Young, Robt. Patterson, owners.
1805. Venus 127.54 E. McFarland, Jas. Nesmith,
705
COMMERCIAL HISTORY.
1806. Schr. Rosannah .
106.86 Joshua Elwell, W. Grinnell, owners.
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