USA > Maine > Washington County > Machias > Narrative of the town of Machias, the old and the new, the early and late > Part 18
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From the incipient steps of this effort in behalf of popular Education there seemed to be no thought for location except in the town of Machias. Does not this show the strong hold the old town had on its neighbors? Also the prepon- derance of its population, location and patriotism: aside from the fact that it was not only the first town incorporated in the County but East of the Penobscot river.
Let it be remembered that Machias, West Falls, had been settled only twenty-eight years and East Machias, East Falls, but twenty-six years ; and innumerable hardships had been endured, including seven years Revolutionary war in which the town was no idle spectator.
The Act of incorporation and endowment were granted promptly : no doubt aided by Mr. Bruce, who had been and was at the time a member of the General Court from Machias.
A grant was made of township No. eleven, known since as Cutler. There were very few if any settlers in the territory, but valuable for its forests of timber, mainly spruce. In 1793 the township was sold two thirds to J. Coffin Jones, one third to John Peck, for twelve hundred pounds, or about forty cents per acre. By some peculiar, financial trans- actions the amount realized was reported in August, 1802 to be $5.613.75. This by careful husbanding seventy years later hal increased to upwards of $25,000 all carefully in- vested. This speaks well for the Trustees and a great deal for its long line of Treasurers.
For various reasons no effectual move was made to secure a building and locate the school until 1823. thirty years after the incorporation.
One provision of the act allowed the trustees to use the
232
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
income of the fund to support a school when and where they should see fit. Room was secured in a private dwelling in winter and in the old church in summer at West Falls and Daniel P. Upton was employed as teacher. This plan after two or three years was discontinued in 1810, and no further movement appears on the surface to again open the school, until 1823.
In 1811 the Trustees concluded that the people of "Wash- ington County, whatever else they wanted did not want means of an Academic Education placed within their reach," making this a public announcement.
One of the Board said, -"They seem to think that they can get on well enough in the three R's. with Master Gill- mor and Taylor, supplemented by birch and the big round rule to impress in memory."
In 1823 new life was infused in Academic interests. West Falls and East Falls, each village wanted the Academy in earnest. A contest was on, not only between the hamlets but included nearly every settlement in the county.
Pecuniary aid did not seem stinted. Several towns com- peted for the school. Gideon O'Brien of West Falls offered $2,500 if the Academy should be located in his village. Twelve of the leading citizens of East Falls volunteered to expend $1,500 in a building the plan of which to be furnish- ed by the Trustees. These men also offered to guarantee board of non-resident pupils at prices to be fixed by the Board.
Jabez Mowry of Lubec, then a prosperous resident of a prosperous town, guarantied a donation of $2,000, and board of students for four years at one dollar and fifty cents per week.
The Trustees after careful deliberation accepted the gen- erous offer of East Falls, the school building was erected as per contract, and on Sept. 8. 1823, with Rev. Solomon Adams as Preceptor. He was twenty-six years old, a graduate of Harvard and Andover Theological Seminary, recently married ; Mrs. Adams, a beautiful woman, who combined with her husband's cultured life in the school room or out,
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MUNICIPAL LIFE.
WASHINGTON ACADEMY-EAST MACHIAS.
234
MUNICIPAL LIFE.
in social and religious circles constituted and maintained a "school of good manners," as has been well said by one who remembers the first teacher, "The superior qualities of Preceptor Adams fitted him to render the greatest and most diffused service in the Academy town and adjacent villages."
His dignity of presence, commanding courtliness, grace of manner and speech lent impression to all he said. The rough boys of the two villages received lessons for reflection though at times apparently unheeded.
Notwithstanding his graces, the boys feared him, for scarcely a wrong act or nubecoming speech no matter where committed or spoken he would learn of it, then followed the searching examination and scathing rebuke
In the classes were boys fitted for College like Samuel Harris, Peter Thatcher, John O'Brien, Stephen Talbot. At first Mr. Adam's salary was $600, the latter years of his five years service he was paid $750. From East Machias he removed to Portand, next to Boston, where he died in 1870.
Rev. Stephen D. Ward of Bloomfield N. J .. succeeded Mr. Adams in 1829 and Mr. Ward by Samuel Harris a recent graduate of the school, and one of its most distinguished students. Mr. Harris was followed by Samuel H. Shepley, "a fine scholar and successful disciplinarian." Next to Shepley came Richard T. Searle, when Samuel Harris was recalled to fill the Preceptor's chair the second time, succeed- ing Mr. Searle. Dow, Fish, Johnson, Temple, Baldwin, John C. Caldwell were preceptors, the last ranking as one of the best of the later years. Mr. Caldwell commenced at the age of twenty-two and continued nine years. His pupils liked him, and he was popular with the people. He had the faculty of arousing "intellectual awakening" and desire for better things. Other teachers have been Herbert M. Heath, Ivory H. Robinson, Henry K. White, A. Sherman Harriman.
At about the time Mr. Dow left the school the Trustees concluded to close it for an indefinite period.
The opening of Academies at Cherryfield and Calais; the High School system established in nearly all the larger
235
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
places in the county, operated to detract interest from Wash- ington Academy. When the Legislature provided that all towns in the State where Academies were located could make arrangements with the Trustees, and secure the use of the Academy. by compensation to the Academy as agreed upon, instead of maintaining a High School in the same town, gave the Academies a new lease of life which was realized by Washington and similar schools in other Counties.
In recent years Washington Academy has had fair at- tendance by non-resident students.
An Athletic field has been provided recently and will serve in a measure to give members of the school a pleasant play ground.
At the Centennial of the Academy in 1892 Hon. A. H. Gillmor of St. George, N. B., was a participant. His wife was a native of Whiting, Me., Miss Hannah D., daughter of Simeon Howe, she a graduate of the Academy. Mr. Gllmor was a grandson of the old teacher A. H. Gillmor and named for him. When a young man he married Miss Howe.
At the centennial he was called up for a speech, responding happily. One of his sentences reads, "But on the whole I am glad I got acquainted with one of the girls who was a student of this Academy, -even if she does cheer whenever the great American Eagle claps his wings." He continued, -"Both my grandfathers were natives of the Emerald Isle; both my grandmothers were natives of Machias."
Mr. Gillmor died April 13. 1903. He was a member of the Canadian Senate, and had been at his home in St. George, N. B. on a vacation, and died suddenly in the car at McAdam Junction when on return to Ottawa.
His uncle A. H. Gillmor, son of the old Machias teacher, attended the Centennial celebration of Machias, May, 1863.
Here is seen the tie that binds to the native heath.
Washington Academy students have been no light factor
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MUNICIPAL LIFE.
among leaders of thought and action in various lines of effort :- distinguished way marks for seventy-five years in- fluencing the religious, educational. mercantile, financial and political life, strength and power of the Nation.
Commencing in 1826 and continuing at intervals for twenty years, or longer, there were select schools'in Machias for girls and private schools. Some of the teachers of the girls schools were: Misses Hannah Dunning, Elizabeth Dun- lap. Lucy Rockwood, Caroline Metcalf, Emma Porter.
Miss Dunlap was daughter of Robert P. Dunlap, Governor of Maine, 1832 -- '34.
Miss Metcalf was at the head of the Wheaton Seminary several years after leaving Machias. Miss Porter was the danghter of Rufus K. Porter, Esq.
Some of the teachers of the public schools in Machias were Wm. W. Rice, Erastus Willard, L. Q. C. Bowles, Frederic A. Pike, Harry Whitcomb, Joseph D. Bughee, Joseph A. Thacher, Joseph Odell, Francis Coffin, Charles A. Merrill, Geo. C. Bent, B. J. Hinds. Charles F. Johnson, A. J. Whitney, D. L. Wormwood. Among the teachers in East Machias in the early days of the town were: John B. Hillard, Urban L. Hitchcock, Peter T. Harris, Miss Sarah Harris, Rev. S. B. Lowell.
East Machias expended for schools in 1896 $2,657.74.
Whitneyville for schools in the year 1895, $757.49.
Mi chias in 1881 expended ou schools $4,236.71. In 1901. $5,388.80.
In 1878 there were in Machias over one thousand children of school age. In 1890 there were 835. In 1902 less than 600.
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS AND OTHER THINGS.
The expense of opening roads through forests, bridgeing brooks and rivers, cost the early settlers hard labor. Not much was done in this way in the first ten years of Plan- tation life. Roads were made on which to draw logs and fire wood and for many years these were utilized by the
237
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
settlers in crossing lots between neighbors and between different districts of the township.
The first account of taxes to be used in road building was in 1780. The Plantation assessors committed a bill to George Sevey, his district being from Bonny Brook to Samuel Scott's,
Samuel Scott was the largest payer, £4. 13. 2.
Japhet Hill.
3. 1. 2.
1. 5. 2. Samuel Hill,
There were several other small payers ..
Until 1820 travel was mostly by water. Boats of small tonnage were in use. Machias being located midway be- tween the Narraguagus region, and the Quoddy district, gave it opportunity for trade and business quite superior.
The original Town Landing, over which the sail loft now stands, and landing place of the first sixteen, was kept open and kept in condition for use by the town 'till 1840. Wharves and buildings soon after covered the spot. Several years later the town opened a landing for public use a few rods below the Phenix mill. This was maintained 'til along in the sixties when Mr. Wm. H. Hemenway built the long wharf from his mill down to Middle Rock. Since that the town has had no public Landing.
Ox teams supplanted boating; horses took the place of oxen, so that oxen and boats have disappeared as means of conveyance.
To Mr. James Brown :
Sir, -Please to call upon the within named inhabitants, to work or pay their tax as may be laid upon them by the Assessors, for the benefit of the Highways. Your District is from Benjamin Foster, Jr.'s, at Quaker's Eddy, up to Eastern River and from thence up to Gardner's Mills, as the road shall be laid out.
The sum total was 25 pounds, David Gardner, Jr., being the highest in the list of sixteen names, £3. 16. 4.
R. H. BOWLES, Town Clerk. April 19, 1786.
MUNICIPAL LIFE.
The same authorities issued their Warrant the same season to Daniel Meserve, whose Distriet was "From the Falls to opposite the Rim, as the roadls shall be laid out." Twenty names appeared in this Warrant-Morris ()'Brien, his sons Jere, Johr, Gideon, William and Jo, -Job Burn- ham heading the list with a tax of £5. 8. 11. Richard Gooding appeared in this list.
Mr. Wm. Emerson, same month and year was authorized to collect Road tax .- his District from Mr. Sanborn's to the Falls (don't say Western or Eastern Falls. in either of the Warrants. ) as the roads shall be laid out. Nathaniel Phinney led the list. £3. 1. 6.
In April. 1786, James Beane, a Road Surveyor's District was "From Benjamin Foster, Jr's., at Quaker Eddy to Eastern River and from thence up to Gardner's Mills, as the road shall be laid out for this year." There were six- teen persons assessed in his list, David Gardner, Jr., being the highest, £3. 16. 4. New names appeared : James Brown, Joseph Hill. Samuel Putney, Gamaliel Damon.
Mr. Geo. Sevey's District from Bonney's Brook to Samuel Scott's.
Asbell Barnes,
£0. 18. 0.
Ebenezer Gardner,
1. 18. 1.
Robert Monson,
0. 18. 0).
Geo. Sevey.
2. 3. 2. 4.
Joseph Munson, 1.
12
Henry Griffiths,
2. 4.
Joseph Munson, Jr.,
1. 8.
Daniel Hoyt,
1. 9. 4.
Mark Scott.
1.
Japheth Hill.
3. 1.
Jesse Scott. 1.
6.
Samuel Hill,
1.
5.
Samuel Scott,
4.
13.
8.
Aaron Hanscom.
4.
3.
10.
11. 0.
8. 8. 8. 8. 8.
Sir :- It is the Selectmens desire that you call on the above mentioned persons to work on highways and roads within your distriet, to work out the amount of the sums set against their names respectively, allowing each person nine shillings per day, and six shillings per day for each
239
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
yoke of oxen, that you direct to be employed, and you will make return of this Warrant, and your doings thereon, unto the Selectmen as soon as you have completed said Business, with the names you have of each person and the sum which may be deficient.
JAMES AVERY, Town Clerk.
The following additional credits are noted: Jesse Scott, -1 day £0. 13. 6. ; Japhet Hill-six days, £2. 18. 6.
One road Surveyor seemed to have a different class to collect from this year, 1786; His Warrant reads: "When there is a sale of property for taxes, "If any there be, be- sides the sum assessed and necessary charges for taking and keeping the distress, you are immediately to restore to the owner, and for want of Goods and Chattels on which to make distress (besides tools or implements necessary for his use and occupation ; beasts of the plough necessary for the cultivation of his improved lands and utensils for house- keeping necessary for upholding life; bedding and apparel necessary for himself and family) for the space of twelve days, you are to take the body of such person, so refusing and neglecting, and him commit to the County Goal, there to remain until he pay the same or such part thereof, as shall not be abated by the Assessors, for the time being or the Court of the General Sessions of the Peace for said County. Given under our hands and seals, by virtue of a vote of said town aforesaid," this 21st day of April, 1788. JAMES AVERY, JEREMIAH O'BRIEN, Assessors.
Notwithstanding the hard times 1776 to 1786 and later the tax payers made fairly good record in raising money for the Minister, for Schools and repairing meeting houses at West Falls and East Falls. In 1784 the town voted 86 pounds for the Minister, 60 pounds for schools. In 1786 same amount was provided for the Minister and 80 pounds for schools being an increase of about $100.
240
MUNICIPAL LIFE.
It appears that in town meeting, or in Settlers Meetings to transact what passed for Municipal business from earliest settlement to 1800 or later, the territory of the town having been divided, by vote of the settlers or by act of the Assessors, into four districts, when monies were to be collected a Collector was appointed for each District, instead of one Collector for the entire town.
During years 1775, 1788, a period of "distressing times," it appears by record that only one assessment was made on polls and estates. Nathan Longfellow. JJr., was Collector for West District, and a settlement for the four years was made by the Selectmen late in 1788, as the follow- ing shows.
NATHAN LONGFELLOW, JR. Dr. £86. 3. 2.
1785. School and Minister,
1786, Amount of Bills.
237. 7. 2.
141. 9. 11. 1788. Am't of Bills,
465. 0. 3.
Cr.
Paid to Treasurer £326. 12. 11.
Com's. allowed on collections, 16. 16. 0.
Additional commissions allowed, 11. 7. 7.
Paid to Treasurer, 23. 0. 7.
Abated,
- 377. 1. 1. 3. 4. 10.
381. 1. 1.
Uncollected, £83. 19. 2.
EPHRAIM CHASE. (East District) Dr. £62. 4. 0.
1785. School and Minister tax,
1786. Amount of Bills, 172. 4. 16.
234. 8. 11.
Cr.
.1785 -- '88. Paid Treasurer, £159. 3. 7.
Commissions allowed, 11. 14. 5.
170. 18. 0.
Uncollected,
£63. 10. 11.
241
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
JOHN FOSTER, Dr.
1788. Amount of Bills, Cr. Paid Treasurer,
£83. 6. 1.
£34. 15. 7.
Commissions 4. 3. 4.
38. 18. 11.
44. 7. 2.
Uncollected,
WOODIN FOSTER, Dr.
1784. Minister's Money,
£30. 16. 9.
Cr. Paid the Treasurer, £26. 13. 7.
Commissions Allowed, 1. 10. 10.
28. 14. 5.
Uncollected,
2. 2. 4.
In 1786 a school tax was assessed on polls and estates for benefit of schools. The custom seemed to obtain of raising money for schools separate from other municipal appropri- ations. Peter Talbot, Jon'n Pineo, Amos Boynton were Assessors and the amount raised in all was £34. 13. 8. In this list appear Col. Benj. Foster, Peter Talbot, Wm. Tupper, Ephraim Chase, Samuel Rich, in all sixty-four persons, all men, Col. Foster the highest at £1. 8. 4; of this only about fifty per cent could be collected as the list of abatements show made in 1790.
The first "Town Pound," for impounding cattle "taken up" as trespassers was built in 1786, and on the fifth day of April the following contract was signed by Stephen Smith and Stephen Jones, two of the Selectmen of the town of Machias, for and in behalf of said town on the one part and Joseph Getchell, Jr., John Berry and Jonathan Pineo, all of said Machias, of the other part, witnesseth; that the said Getchell, Berry and Pineo agree to build a Pound, with round timber; forty feet square, the timber to be all pealed, well locked together at the corners, and the upper or top
1
212
MUNICIPAL LIFF.
pieces treenailed with a two inch treenail: also, to make a four foot door, and the timber well secured each side the door; the whole to be done in a workmanlike manner, and the said Stephen Smith and Stephen Jones do promise to pay the said Getchell, Berry and Pineo, the sum of ten (10 pounds, ) by an order upon the town treasurer as soon as said work is completed.
STEPHEN SMITH, STEPHEN JONES, JOSEPH GETCHELL, JR., JOHN BERRY, JONATHAN PINEO.
Silvanus Sevey in May, 1787, was assigned a district and appointed road Surveyor with directions to collect 25. 2. 9.
His list contained forty-eight names, among them Nathan Andrews, James Brown, Moses Elsmore, John Davis, Col. Benj. Foster, Wallis Fenlason, "Estate of Shannon," Joseph Sevey, Joseph Hill, Eleazer Hatheway, George Thompson, Capt. John Underwood, Jonathan Woodruff. The Selectmen by James Avery, Town Clerk, instructed Mr. Sevey to call forthwith upon all the names mentioned in his District, but the limits of the District were not defined, but evidently included some part of Eastern River.
Machias, Dec. 4, 1788. Highway work done from Falls to Foster's.
Dec. 4.
Esq. Jones, 3 men 1 day
Capt. Smith, 1 man 1 "
Job Burnham, 2 men 1 " .. Stephen Smith, Jr., 1
Joseph Getchell, 1
Jona'n Pineo, 2
Joseph Foss, 1
John Berry. 1
243
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
Nathan Longfellow, Jr.,
1 day
Benjamin Foss, 1
Dec. 5.
Enoch Waterhouse,
1
Joseph Getchell, 2
Nathan Longfellow,
1
N. Longfellow, Jr ..
1 ..
Capt. Smith,
1
Stephen Smith, Jr.,
1
Esq. Jones, Six oxen,
3
6 6
John Berry,
1
Jona'n Pineo,
2
Benjamin Harmon -Wescoat,
1
Dec. 6.
Esq, Jones,
3
Capt Smith,
1
Job Burnham,
1 . .
Oxen,
1
Daniel Stone,
2
Oxen.
1
Fillip Clark,
1
Marshall Thaxter,
1
Thomas Thorpe,
1
Dec. 8.
John Crocker, V
1
Widow Hill, oxen.
1
S. Jones & day of self looking out Road. Rum equal to 2 days work -- 14 shillings.
In 1877, Dec. 5th, James Avery, Town Clerk, by order of the Selectmen furnished Deacon Joseph Libbee with a tax Warrant of £15 17. 7. to be expended on the highway; District from "Your mill to Samuel Cates and from your mill to Mr. Sanborn's.
1
244
MUNICIPAL LIFE.
The scarcity of writing paper, as well as many kinds of goods caused them to be expensive from 1776 to 1790, more especially during the War: illustrated by this Warrant, with the list of names assessed, the instructions to the Surveyor : also return made in due form on the back: the piece of paper used is eight by three and a half inches.
Stephen Jones, Esq., JJuly 28, 1788, addressed the Selectmen, viz: Stephen Smith and Stephen Jones being two of the Board as follows:
Gentlemen: Mr. Joseph Getchell, Jr., did keep a poor child for the term of one month in the most difficult season of the year, being the month of March, which child was afterwards put to Mr. John Crocker's at one dollar per week. Capt. Smith and myself thought it was reasonable, Mr. Getchell should be allowed a reasonable price for the support of said child while with him; and if he had brought his acompt in to the Selectmen for the year past he would undoubtedly been allowed therefor.
I am your Humble Servant,
STEPHEN JONES.
To Mr. Job Burnham of Machias, County of Lincoln :
You are appointed by the town of Machias one of the Surveyors of highways for the present year. We do assign you as your District, the several Roads about the Western Falls, on the Northern side of the river and part of the bridge aross the river, and you are to call upon and warn the persons in the annexed list, to work out the sums set against their names, respectively allowing each person six shillings per day, and same for each yoke of oxen that may be employed by your directions.
You will give six days notice to each of said persons named in your list, of the time and place where such persons are to work. also inform him the amount of what he is assessed in your said list, which you are to do in writing if the person demands it ; and you are to make return of this
245
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
Warrant and your doings thereon on or before the first day of October next, with the return of the name of any person that refuseth and neglects to work as aforesaid.
Given under our hands this 26th day of May, 1789. STEPHEN SMITH JAMES AVERY PETER TALBOT.
Selectmen.
The list of payers numbered sixteen; among them a few new ones, Patrick Connors, James Dilloway, Geo. Conner- ly, Thomas Doyle.
Mr. Burnham made due return of the Warrant.
May 18, 1789, Amos Boynton made return of road work done for the previous years, as being "unsatisfied;" Peter Talbot, Gideon O'Brien, David Longfellow were Assessors.
The pole tax this year was one shilling five pence, and the tax assessed covered the years 1886, '87, '88 and '89, amount- ing to £180. 1. 6. The list contained eighty-three names. There must have been considerable accession to the population since the close of the Revolution, as many names in Mr. Boynton's book appear as not having been before assessed. Elijah Bowle, John Betile, Stephen Johnson, Est. of John White appear, while John' and James Crocker Joseph Getchell, Sr., and Joseph Getchell, Jr., Daniel and Solomon Stone, make three separate property partnerships and appear so assessed.
In May, 1789, the Selectmen, Stephen Smith, Chairman of the Board, assigned to Geo. Sevey, one of the road Survey- ors a district as follows: "From Japhet Hill's to Samuel Scott's and from thence to James Avery's at the Rim. Several new names appeared in the list for this year, viz: James Hickey, Mathew Small, William Davis, Barnabas Crosby, Wm. Tegue.
·
216
MUNICIPAL LIFE
Machias, October 12, 1789.
An accompt of taxes collected and whom paid to, by ortler of the Town Treasurer for the years 1785 and 1786. viz:
Paid to the Rev. James Lyon. C41. 9. 11.
.. " Samnel Rich. 60. 3. 2.
" Capt. Benj. Crocker, 16. 13. 6.
" Peter Talbot, 8. 10. 0.
.. " Aaron Hanscom. 1. 7.
6.
. . " Eben Gardner,
0. 12. 0).
" Samuel Holmes, 1. 14.
" the Treasurer himself. 2. 12. 10.
136. 3. 43.
To the Gentlemen, Selectmen of Machias.
JOHN FOSTER, Collector.
On the 25th of May. 1789, Wm. Emerson was furnished a road tax list ; his district as assigned from "Samuel Holmes to Benj. Foster. 9r's. Mr. Emerson's return to the Select- men was. - Machias, Jan. 10, 1794, "Returned to the Town Clerk."
John Foster as Collector of taxes made the following re- turn of his doings to the Selectmen :
Machias, Oct. 12, 1789.
Collected of the Town tax, 44. 12. 11. Paid to Col. Stillman (Treasurer ) and Mr. Lyon, 40. 15. 2.
Machias, October 20. 1789.
This may certify that on a settlement of the account between the town of Machias and Mr. Stephen Parker, there is due to said Parker, the sum of seven pounds. three shillings, and interest from the last day of last February.
STEPHEN JONES, JAMES AVERY,
Committee for settling the town's accounts.
1
247
HISTORY OF MACHIAS.
Machias, April 19, 1796.
Received on account of the within an order from the Selectmen on the town treasurer for five pounds, one shill- ings, lawful money.
STEPHEN PARKER.
Also, eight shillings and nine pence afterwards added. STEPHEN PARKER.
May, 1789, Joseph Getchell, Jr., was appointed road surveyor ; his District was from Japhet Hill's to the Middle River bridge, and from thence to Doctor Chaloner's. (Dr. Chaloner's house was on the Corner of Broadway and Court streets, where J. A. Coffin's now (1903) is. Twenty-nine residents were called on by this list to work on the roads; a few new ones, London Atus (blackman. ) Wm. Webber, Michael Dowdell, John White's Est., Noah Mitchell, except the White Est., these men were assessed for only a poll tax.
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