USA > Maine > Kennebec County > Waterville > The history of Colby College > Part 76
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The Commission's most significant recommendation was for the employment of a college chaplain, to make the Lorimer Chapel a true center of religious activities on the Colby campus. Herbert Newman already had more than he could do, and he was not a well man. Directing the Christian Association, meet- ing constantly with groups, giving untold hours to advising individual students, and teaching his heavily enrolled classes, made it out of the question that Newman should take on the added duties of the chapel. The first incumbent of the new post of College Chaplain was therefore Rev. Walter Wagoner, with a B.A. from Yale in 1941 and B.D. in 1945. He had served as Chaplain in the U. S. Marine Corps during the war, with duty in Japan, had been Associate Chaplain of the Church of Christ in Yale University, and just before coming to Colby had served as minister to Congregationalist students at Yale. His wife was a niece of Rev. Arthur Phelps, formerly pastor of the Waterville Baptist Church. Wagoner began his duties at Colby in 1947.
Weekday chapel service on Mayflower Hill presented a problem. A tight schedule, necessitated by holding of classes on two campuses, and with parts of the student body housed two miles from the Lorimer Chapel, left no time that could be set aside exclusively for a daily chapel. It was therefore decided to conduct voluntary services four days a week in competition with the class schedule, in the somewhat forlorn hope that most students who wished to attend could be free for at least one of those chapel hours. To the end of his administration President Bixler regretted that arrangement and insisted that weekly chapel would never be meaningful at Colby until some hour could be set aside exclusively for it. In 1960 a voluntary weekly service was still being attempted but attendance was very small.
The Sunday service in Lorimer Chapel had quite the opposite experience. It was successful from the start. When Wagoner left in 1950, he was replaced by Central Maine's outstanding preacher, Rev. Clifford Osborne of the Water- ville Methodist Church. Student attendance at the Sunday service was augmented by many faculty families and by persons from the town. In addition to one of Dr. Osborne's eloquent sermons, the congregation could be sure of excellent music from a well trained choir, and of a worshipful atmosphere instilled by the tones of the great Mellon organ.
Clifford Osborne, a graduate of the University of London, had held several pastorates in New York and Maine when he came to Waterville as the Methodist minister in 1941. He had therefore been in Waterville nine years and had an enthusiastic following of Colby students and faculty when he was chosen for the college chaplaincy in 1950. He was an outstanding teacher as well as preacher, and his classes in religion enjoyed large enrollment. Appointed originally as Chaplain and Associate Professor of Philosophy and Religion, Osborne was pro- moted to a full professorship in 1958.
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RELIGION AT COLBY
In 1947 there was formed the Inter-Faith Association to coordinate the activities of the religious groups outside Protestant circles. It took charge of Campus Chest, the annual campaign for charity funds, and it conducted the an- nual Religious Emphasis Week, outgrowth of Newman's original Fraternity Em- bassy, and an occasion to be known by 1958 as Religious Convocation. Normal Protestant interests were still handled by the Student Christian Association, but as the years went by, loss of vitality in the Student Christian Movement in New England caused the SCA at Colby to become less influential and its constituents more divided denominationally. While SCA still existed in 1960, the Colby Gray Book listed it as only one of seven organizations cooperating on an equal basis with the Roger Williams Fellowship (Baptist), the Canterbury Club (Episcopal), the Channing-Murray Society (Universalist-Unitarian), the Christian Science Or- ganization, the Newman Club (Catholic), and the Hillel Society (Jewish).
Although religious life on the campus had undergone further alteration since the day when President Johnson had noted the startling changes obvious in 1932, Colby had by no means become a pagan or even a completely secular college. Besides the students who loyally attended the Lorimer Sunday service, large numbers were regular attendants at Waterville churches. Some of the groups were especially active under the leadership of local clergy. Visiting speakers found students eager to discuss religious problems, and in the 1950's there were still members of the graduating class who embarked upon careers in religious work. The stern Calvinism of Jeremiah Chaplin no longer dominated classroom and dormitory. No group of students any longer agonized over the salvation of their sinful classmates. No one was aware of any superior piety in the members of the "Y". The student religious leaders danced and played cards like almost everyone else. But despite those changes, despite what old folks deplore as the increased worldliness in our colleges, the young men and women who attended Colby in the middle of the twentieth century were well aware that man does not live by bread alone. Deep in their hearts they could still say with the founders of Waterville College, "In the beginning God."
Notes
Chapter I. The Beginning
1. Donald G. Tewksbury, The Founding of American Colleges and Universities be- fore the Civil War, p. 55
2. Fourteenth Report of the Society for Promotion of Collegiate and Theological Education, p. 43
3. Tewksbury, op. cit., p. 57
4. See A. H. Newman, A History of Baptist Churches in the United States, pp. 336- 380
5. Henry S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 28
6. Ibid., p. 167
7. The Falmouth Gazette was published in what is now Portland, which in 1794 was still called by its original corporate name, Falmouth.
8. Burrage, op. cit., p. 168
9. Ibid., p. 174
10. James T. Champlin, Historical Discourse, p. 2
11. Charles P. Chipman, The Formative Period in Colby's History, p. 6
12. Ibid., p. 8
13. Colby Archives. Letters to William King Ibid.
14.
15. Massachusetts Archives: H. R. 7196
16. Massachusetts Senate Journal, 1812, p. 238
17. Chipman, op. cit., p. 15
18. Ibid., p. 16
19. Massachusetts Senate Journal, Feb. 19, 1813
20. Edward W. Hall, Higher Education in Maine, p. 99
Chapter II. Choosing a Site
1. Colby Archives. Original Records of the Trustees, Vol. 1. This and all fol- lowing quotations attributed to votes of the Trustees are from one or another of the several volumes of records kept by successive secretaries of the Board, unless an individual reference is otherwise identified.
2. Although this vote was never specifically repealed, it was abrogated by later actions and precedents. In fact, within six months of its enactment, the Trustees themselves either violated or waived it when they elected the non-Baptist, William King, to the Board.
3. King Collection, Maine Historical Society
4. Nehemiah Cleaveland, History of Bowdoin College, p. 10
5. King Collection, Maine Historical Society
6. Ibid.
7. Cleaveland, op. cit., p. 10
8. Louis C. Hatch, The History of Bowdoin College, p. 42
9. King Collection, Maine Historical Society 10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
Chapter III. Pangs of Birth
1. The term "officers" was frequently used to mean president and professors.
2. Tuition at Bowdoin in 1818 was $6.67 per term (three terms a year). The Waterville trustees later decided to charge only four dollars per term.
3. The college records give no indication why this chair was at different times desig- nated Divinity, Theology, and Sacred Theology.
4. The original deed of this lot, signed by Robert Hallowell Gardiner and his wife, was found in 1958 by this historian, and is now in the Colby Archives.
5. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 16
6. Ibid., p. 24
7. James T. Champlin, Historical Discourse, p. 17
8. Henry S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 174
9. King Collection, Maine Historical Society
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HISTORY OF COLBY COLLEGE
10. Ibid.
11. Edward W. Hall, History of Higher Education in Maine, p. 102
12. Ibid., p. 100
Chapter IV. Jeremiah the Prophet
1. Mittie M. Chaplin, Elder Asa Chaplin, p. 46
2. Ibid., p. 47
3. Ibid., p. 47
4. For this and other information about Chaplin we are indebted to the editor of Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit. In Volume VI, page 462, is published a letter written in 1853, at the editor's request, by Chaplin's son-in-law and col- league on the faculty of Waterville College, Thomas J. Conant. Also included is a letter written in 1850 by James Brooks of Washington, D. C., who was a stu- dent at the college when Chaplin was President.
5. Mittie M. Chaplin, op. cit., p. 62
6. The longboat is not to be confused with the bateau, a much smaller boat, pointed at both ends. It was bateaux, not longboats, that Col. Colburn built at Pittston for Arnold's Expedition in 1775.
7. In 1754 Governor Shirley had ordered a road opened from Fort Western in Augusta to Fort Halifax in Winslow, but that road was little more than a blazed trail and could not accommodate wheeled vehicles. In 1763 it was improved to permit passage of carriages. By 1780 it had become possible for carriages to go also over a road up the west side of the river through Sidney. By 1818, when Chaplin came to Waterville, carriage travel was common over both routes; but many travelers, like the Chaplins, found it more comfortable to journey by long- boat than to endure the jolting over the primitive road.
8. Danvers Historical Collections, Vol. 13, p. 51
9. Jeremiah Chaplin, A Sermon preached at North Yarmouth, February 16, 1825, at the Ordination of Rev. George Dana Boardman as a Missionary to the Heathen, p. 10
10. R. E. Pattison, Eulogy on Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, p. 18
11. Ibid., p. 20
Chapter V. A Modest Start
1. The petition for four townships of land and $3000 a year was rejected by the Massachusetts Legislature largely because of objections raised by General Rich- ardson.
2. The three institutions (the only ones established in Massachusetts preceding the charter to M L & T I), were Harvard, Williams and Bowdoin.
3. These three local trustees had become key men in the development of the Insti- tution. It is noteworthy that all three were laymen, and only one (Redington) was a Baptist.
4. This entire letter is in the King Collection, Maine Historical Society.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Stackpole Papers, Waterville Historical Society
8. The only known copy of this document is in the Colby Archives.
9. This circular is in the Colby Archives.
10. This letter is in the Colby Archives.
Chapter VI. Waterville College
1. William D. Williamson, The History of the State of Maine, Vol. II, p. 672
2. Ibid., p. 675. Opposition collapsed when it was agreed, at the same time, to admit Missouri as a slave state.
3. Louis C. Hatch, History of Bowdoin College, pp. 43-45
4. Ibid., p. 45
5. This and immediately preceding quotations are from Chipman, The Formative Period in Colby's History.
6. Henry S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 174
7. Ibid., p. 175
8. James T. Champlin, Historical Discourse, p. 16
9. This letter is in the Colby Archives.
10. This letter is in the Colby Archives.
11. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 33
591
NOTES
Chapter VII. The First Decade
1. This chapel was soon turned into a classroom and the single college chapel con- tinued to be located in North College until the erection of Recitation Hall.
2. Letter in the Colby Archives.
3. The Maine Register, 1822, p. 72
4. Letter in the Colby Archives.
5. The Latin Grammar School in Waterville, started by Chaplin to prepare students for the college course, for which the admission standards were immediately set higher than for the theological course, later became Waterville Academy and still later Coburn Classical Institute.
6. Elijah Foster, who was a tutor in the College for one year at the same time as Boardman's classmate, Ephraim Tripp, entered the ministry in 1825 at the age of 35.
7. Joel Hayford was pastor at Johnson, Vermont, when he died in 1831, only 32 years old. Calvin Holton was Colby's first missionary to Africa. Only a few months after his arrival in Liberia in 1826, he died of tropical fever at the age of 29.
8. All four received their degrees in 1825. John Hovey had a long career as a teacher in Michigan. Alonzo King, a Massachusetts pastor who died before he was forty, was author of Memoir of George Dana Boardman. Francis Macomber, another Massachusetts minister, also died young at the age of 29. Thomas Ward Merrill, teacher and home missionary, gained fame as the founder of Kalamazoo College. Longest lived of the four, he died in Michigan at the age of 76.
9. All three of these men graduated in the Class of 1827. Harvey Dodge had suc- cessful pastorates in New York and Ohio. Enoch Freeman, when a pastor in Lowell, published a volume of hymns. Timothy Ropes had a long life as pastor in Minnesota.
10. In spite of Professor Briggs' doubts, William Rowen completed the theological course with Silas Kenney in 1824. Ezra Going finished it in 1825.
11. Letter in the Colby Archives.
12. The Maine State Capital was then in Portland, not in Augusta.
13. Letter in the Colby Archives.
15.
14. This letter, in the Colby Archives, does not give the name of the addressee. Letter in the Colby Archives.
16. Letter in the Colby Archives.
17. Foster's entire letter, from which these extracts have been taken, is in the Colby Archives.
18. Letter in the Colby Archives.
19. E. C. Whittemore, Centennial History of Waterville, pp. 140-142.
Chapter VIII. The End of a Reign
1. Henry S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 207
2. E. W. Hall, History of Higher Education in Maine, p. 106.
3. This report is in the Colby Archives.
4. Until 1958 it was thought that no original records of the workshop remained. Then there suddenly turned up a badly disintegrated account book, with only a few of its pages still legible. It appears to be an account of each student's time and earnings in the shop at some period in the 1830's. It contains two references to Benjamin F. Butler.
5. James T. Champlin, Historical Discourse, p. 10
6. Ibid., p. 11
7. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 49
8. Ibid., p. 50
9. This complete text is taken from the records of the faculty.
10. The United Brethren was one of several societies founded during the early years of the College. The first was a religious organization in 1820, called the Phila- thean Society. Its name was later changed to United Brethren, and still later to the Boardman Missionary Society. The first organized group which was not definitely religious in character was the Literary Fraternity, founded in 1824.
11. E. C. Whittemore, op. cit., p. 53
Chapter IX. Dynamo from Salem
1. E. W. Hall, History of Higher Education in Maine, p. 110
2. From an article in the Colby Alumnus, reprinted from the Colby Chronicle and Zeta Psi Annual, June, 1869. Colby Alumnus, third quarter, 1923-24, p. 148
592
HISTORY OF COLBY COLLEGE
3. Graduates of the early 1900's know that the bell was then in a tower of South College, with the rope descending into a room in the A.T.O. House. They will naturally ask for an explanation of this passage. It lies in the fact that the weight of the tower of Recitation Hall endangered the walls, so that the bell was removed to South College.
4. E. W. Hall, op. cit., p. 111
5. J. T. Champlin, Historical Discourse, p. 12
6. Report of the Committee on Literature and Literary Institutions, submitted to the Maine Legislature, February 23, 1832.
7. E. W. Hall, op. cit., p. 111
8. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 59
Chapter X. A Professor to the Rescue
1. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 63
2. H. S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 249
3. Whittemore, op. cit., p. 62
4. Letter of G. W. Keely to Loring W. Bailey, July 15, 1861. Copy made for this historian by Dr. A. G. Bailey, Dean of Arts, University of New Brunswick, Frederickton, N. B.
5. By philosophy, Eaton means the science we today call physics.
6. A folder republished from The Watchman, July 4, 1878.
Chapter XI. Years of Struggle
1. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 65
2. E. W. Hall, History of Higher Education in Maine, p. 113
3. H. S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 215
4. Minnie S. Philbrick, Centennial History of the First Baptist Church of Waterville, p. 141
Chapter XII. College Life in the Early Days
1. Colby Alumnus, 1930-31, p. 30
2. Timothy Paine, Class of 1847, became a Swedenborgian and professor of theology in that denomination's seminary in Boston.
Chapter XIII. The Martyr and the General
1. John Gill, Tide Without Turning, p. 30
2. King Papers, Maine Historical Society
3. The voluminous King correspondence at the Maine Historical Society consists entirely of letters written to King, none written by him.
4. From a letter by Jeremiah Chaplin, quoted in Memoir of Elijah Parish Lovejoy, p. 297
5. Gill, op. cit., p. 18
6. Ibid., p. 25
7. Memoir, p. 117
8. John Gill, Elijah Lovejoy's Pledge of Silence, pamphlet reprinted from Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society, January, 1958.
9. Robert S. Holzman, Stormy Ben Butler, p. 7
10. Ibid., p. 205
11. Ibid., p. 206
12. Ibid., p. 241-247
13. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 66
14. B. F. Butler, Butler's Book, p. 62
15. Vineyard Gazette, May 10, 1957
Chapter XIV. The College Lands
1. Report of the Prudential Committee to the Trustees, June 27, 1899. Colby Archives.
Chapter XV. Calm Before the Storm
1. James Tift Champlin, A Memorial, p. 4
2. Ibid., p. 7
3. Champlin, Inaugural Address
593
NOTES
4. By circular King meant what we today call general education, or a comprehensive view of life through the liberal arts and sciences.
Chapter XVI. Champlin and the Civil War
1. Colby Alumnus, 1922-23, p. 15
2. E. W. Hall, 1862, later Professor of Modern Languages and Librarian.
3. Letter in the Colby Archives
4. Ibid.
5. There was no rationing of food in the North during the Civil War.
6. Colby Alumnus, 1925-26, p. 153
7. Colby Alumnus, 1929-30, p. 237
Chapter XVII. A New Name
1. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 92
2. H. S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 218
3. H. F. Colby, Sketch of the Life and Character of Gardner Colby, in A Tribute to the Memory of Gardner Colby, p. 40
4. H. S Burrage, op. cit., p. 218
5. H. F. Colby, op. cit., p. 26
Chapter XVIII. Champlin's Years of Fulfillment
1. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 97
2. H. S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 370
3. Services at the Laying of the Cornerstone of Memorial Hall and at the Dedication of the Same, p. 5
4. Ibid., pp. 6-7
5. J. T. Champlin, Historical Discourse, p. 6
6. Ibid., p. 11
7. Ibid., p. 24
8. Burrage, op. cit., p. 371
Chapter XIX. Redoutable Quintet
1. The General Catalogue should not be confused with the Annual Catalogue. The former contained information about all persons, living and deceased, who had ever attended the college, whether graduates or not. Originally it was published every three years and was called the Triennial Catalogue. It appeared as General Catalogue in 1887, again in 1909, and finally in 1920. With no new edition for forty years, there existed in 1960 a strongly felt need for a new edition.
2. F. W. Bakeman, Commemorative Discourse on the Life and Character of Profes- sor Charles Edward Hamlin, p. 15
Chapter XX. Standards, Academic and Religious
1. H. S. Burrage, History of the Baptists in Maine, p. 372
2. E. C. Whittemore, History of Colby College, p. 112
Chapter XXI. College Life in Robins' Time
1. Clarence E. Meleney, "Education Then and Now," Colby Alumnus, 1925-26, pp. 153-158
2. In Dr. Meleney's time the libraries of the Erosophian Adelphi and of the Literary Fraternity were superior to the College Library.
3. Albion W. Small, "The Class of 1876," Colby Alumnus, 1925-26, pp. 42-44
4. Harrington Putnam, "The Earlier and Later Methods of Study," Colby Alumnus, 1925-26, p. 97
5. Colby Oracle, 1878, p. 26
6. Albion W. Small, "The Presidency of Dr. Robins," Colby Alumnus, 1919-20, p. 146 7. Henry E. Robins, The Christian as Distinguished from the Secular Idea of Educa- tion.
8. Colby Alumnus, 1919-20, p. 154
9. Colby Alumnus, 1931-32, p. 143
10. He traveled via Belfast and Moosehead Railroad from Belfast to Burnham Junc- tion, then via Maine Central to Waterville.
11. It is interesting to note that "cuts" was a term used for absences as early as 1878.
594
HISTORY OF COLBY COLLEGE
12. "Bangor" was the nickname of Hugh Chaplin, 1880, who came from that city. "Phil" was Warren Philbrook, later a justice of the Maine Supreme Court.
Chapter XXII. Pepper and Salt
1. F. M. Padelford, George Dana Boardman Pepper, p. 19
2. George D. B. Pepper, Inaugural Address as President of Colby University, p. 2
3. Ibid., p. 8
4. Ibid., p. 15
5. Padelford, op. cit., p. 48
Chapter XXIII. Janitor Sam
1. Colby Echo, May 17, 1890
2. Padelford, Samuel Osborne, Janitor, p. 31
3. Ibid., p. 5
4. Ibid., p. 32
Chapter XXIV. The Great Coordinator
1. A. W. Small, Inaugural Address, p. 3
2. Ibid., p. 10
3. Colby Echo, June 14, 1889
4. Letter from William Rogers to President A. W. Small, Colby Archives
5. A. W. Small, op. cit., p. 8
6. Colby Echo, May 9, 1891, p. 168
7. Colby Echo, September 27, 1889, p. 64
Chapter XXV. The Youngest President
1. Laws of Colby University, 1894, p. 5
2. The ten buildings owned by the College in 1895 were Memorial Hall, South College, Champlin (Recitation) Hall, North College, Coburn Hall, Gymnasium, Shannon Hall, Commons House (on College Avenue side of the athletic field), President's House, and Ladies' Hall (later the PDT House).
Chapter XXVI. The Man from Chicago
1. Reports of President and Faculty of Colby University, 1897-98, p. 11
2. Ibid., 1896-97, p. 18
3. Colby Echo, February 20, 1897, p. 198
Chapter XXVII. Unlucky President
1. The annual burlesque publication that had originated in "False Orders," was called War Cry in the 1890's and was issued by each sophomore class for nearly thirty years, but occasionally under a different name.
2. Letter from Karl Kennison to E. C. Marriner, August 27, 1957
3. Letter from Carl Bryant to E. C. Marriner, July 31, 1957
Chapter XXVIII. Honeymoon Years
1. All four of these men were graduates of the College. Wilfred N. Donovan, 1892, was then assistant professor of Old Testament at Newton. Woodman Bradbury, then pastor of the First Baptist Church at Cambridge, Mass., later became profes- sor of homiletics at Newton. Shailer Mathews, 1884, who until 1894 had been professor of history at Colby, was at this time professor of theology at the Uni- versity of Chicago, where he later became Dean of the Divinity School. Charles Francis Meserve, 1877, had been since 1894 president of Shaw University at Raleigh, N. C.
2. Bertha L. Soule, Colby's President Roberts, p. 55
3. Ibid., p. 53
Chapter XXIX. War Comes to the Campus
1. Colby Echo, November 14, 1917
2. Ibid., January 23, 1918
3. Ibid., March 2, 1918
595
NOTES
4. Ibid., June 15, 1918
5. Colby Alumnus, 1918-19, p. 7 6. Colby Echo, December 12, 1918 7. Ibid.
Chapter XXX. The Centennial
1. Colby Alumnus, 1919-20, p. 182 2. Ibid., p. 237 3. Ibid., p. 191 4. Ibid., p. 192
Chapter XXXI. Beginning the Second Century
1. Colby Alumnus, 1922-23, p. 111
Chapter XXXII. The Passing of Roberts
1. Colby Alumnus, 1923-24, p. 194
2. Ibid., 1925-26, p. 174 3. Ibid., 1927-28, p. 10
Chapter XXXIII. Interregnum
1. Colby Alumnus, 1928-29. p. 84
2. Ibid., p. 8 3. Ibid., 1927-28, p. 125 4. For a complete statement of comparative salaries at several periods, see Colby Alumnus, 1928-29, p. 123
Chapter XXXIV. They Also Taught
1. Colby Alumnus, 1926-27, p. 91
2. Ibid., May, 1947, p. 9 3. Ibid., July 1948, p. 14
Chapter XXXV. A Great Administrator
1. Colby Alumnus, 1928-29, p. 329
Chapter XXXVI. Mayflower Hill
1. By "the building" Johnson meant the proposed gymnasium, for which funds were then being raised. The Field House, as the first unit of the new gymnasium, was erected on the old campus, but with that one building all further construction on the old campus ceased.
2. Survey of Higher Education in Maine, p. 178
3. Colby Alumnus, 1929-30, p. 289
Chapter XXXVII. New Clothes for Alma Mater
1. Colby Alumnus, 1931-32, p. 244
2. Ibid., October, 1937, p. 8
3. Ibid., p. 6
4. Ibid., April, 1938, p. 3
5. Ibid., October, 1939, p. 5
6. The buildings were as yet mere shells of masonry. No interior construction had been completed until the Government permitted completion of certain of the women's buildings in order that a unit of the Army Air Force might occupy Foss Hall on College Avenue. All other completion had to await the end of the war. Colby Alumnus, May, 1940, p. 7
7.
8. Ibid., January, 1952, p. 8
Chapter XXXVIII. A New President and a New War
1. Colby Alumnus, July, 1942
2. Records of the Trustees of Colby College, June 13, 1941. 3. Colby Echo, December 10, 1941
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