USA > Michigan > Ionia County > History of Ionia County, Michigan : her people, industries and institutions, Volume I > Part 1
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1
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سياج
محمد من٥٦
צ׳
4-
HISTORY
OF
IONIA COUNTY
MICHIGAN
HER PEOPLE, INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS
REV. E. E. BRANCH Editor-in-Chief
With Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
1916 B. F. BOWEN & COMPANY, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC L'PPARY
641048 A ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS R 1953 L
21 Jan 1933 1.11 1-2
DEDICATION
To the dear, departed ones, whose busy hands changed the giant for- ests into fertile fields; whose love of home established the hearthstones, the tender ties of which yet bind together the heartstrings of the native born; whose patriotism gave the best of their lives and substance for the defense of their country; whose graves make sacred the soil their feet so often trod.
PREFACE
All life and achievement is evolution : present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exer- tion and sacrifice. The deeds and motives of the men who have gone before have been instrumental in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privi- lege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the pres- ent conditions of the people of Jonia county, Michigan, with what they were four score years ago. From a trackless wilderness and virgin land, it has come to be a center of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth. systems of railways, grand educational institutions, splendid indus- tries and immense agricultural and dairy productions. Can any think- ing person be insensible to the fascination of the study which discloses the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the founda- tion upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, political and industrial progress of the community from its first inception. is the function of the local historian. A sincere purpose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetnation, and which unite the present to the past. is the motive for the present publication. AA specially valuable and interesting department is that one devoted to the sketches of representative citizens of these counties whose records deserve preservation because of their worth, effort and accomplishment. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to the gentlemen who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of lonia county for the uni- form kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking, and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information.
In placing the "History of Ionia County, Michigan," before the citizens, the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and therefore any error of fact. if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared. Confident that our effort to please will fully meet the appro- bation of the public, we are.
Respectfully.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS
VOLUME I
CHAPTER I-GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS_ 33 Location-Boundaries-Mineral Deposits-Wells-Rock Formations-Glacial Drift-Moraines-Natural Drainage-Climate-Climatic Influence of the Great Lakes-Cyclonic Storms-Temperature-Precipitation-Winds-Soils -Farm Lands-Streams-Lakes-Water Power.
CHAPTER II-ORGANIZATION OF IONLA COUNTY 48 Legislative Acts Creating County-lonia Township-First Elections-Estab lishment of the County Seat-The Toledo War-County-seat Contests- Official Roster-Judges of Probate-Sheriffs-County Clerks-County Treas- urers-Registers of Deeds-Prosecuting Attorneys-Circuit Court-Com- missioners-County Surveyors-Coroners-The Public Square-County Office Building-Court House-County Jails-Poor Farm and Buildings.
CHAPTER III-BERLIN TOWNSHIP 70
Organization-Description-Changes in Boundaries-First Officials-Settle- nient and Land Entries-Alonzo Sessions-Some Pioneer Experiences-Tax- payers in 1844-Voters in 1846 and 1849-Supervisors.
CHAPTER IV-BOSTON TOWNSHIP 81
Organization- Name-First Officials-First Permanent Settlers-Early Events-Grand River Turnpike-Settlers in the Vicinity of Waterville-Tax- payers in 1844-Supervisors-Saranac in 1849, a Reminiscence by J. P. Proc- tor.
CHAPTER V-CAMPBELL TOWNSHIP 91
Legislative Act Creating the Township-Name-First Township Meeting - Location and Boundaries-Natural Features-Pioneers of the Township- Growth and Development-Resident Taxpayers in 1849 -Voters in 1849, 1850 and 1854-Supervisors-Clarksville.
CHAPTER VI-DANBY TOWNSHIP 98
Organization-Name-First Officials-Description of-Natural Features First and Subsequent Settler -- Mill-First Events Missionary Efforts Among the Indians-Resident Taxpayers in 1845- Corren Village Super- visors.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII-EASTON TOWNSHIP 103 Creation and Organization of-First Election and Officials Chosen-Settle- ment-Avon Postoffice-Supervisors.
CHAPTER VIII-IONIA TOWNSHIP 107 Organization-Division of-First Township Meeting and Election-Early Official Record-Genereauxville-Early Settlement-Pioneer Saw-mill-Su- pervisors-Prairie Creek-Place's Mill-South lonia.
CHAPTER IX-KEENE TOWNSHIP 115 Organization of, and Subsequent Changes-Name-First Township Meeting and Officials Chosen-Location and Boundaries-Early Settlement-Dicker- town-First Events-Supervisors.
CHAPTER X-LYONS TOWNSHIP 120 Creation of the Township-Name-Changes in Boundaries-First Officials- Natural Features-Early Settlement-First Events-First Crops-Farming According to "Scientific Principles"-Supervisors-Indian Battles-Lyons- Unrealized Hopes-Village Plats-Early Growth-Navigation of the Grand River-Early Events in the Village-Incorporation-First Officers Under the Charter-Present Condition-Muir (Montrose)-Pewamo.
CHAPTER XI-NORTH PLAINS TOWNSHIP 139 Name-Organization-Changes in Area-First Township Meeting and Offi- cials Chosen-Living Pioneers-The Glass Tragedy-Early Settlers-Hub- bardston-Early Religious Services-First Fourth-of-July Celebration- Other First Events-Supervisors-Matherton-Mills.
CHAPTER XII-ODESSA TOWNSHIP 154 Creation of-Name-First Township Meeting and First Officials-Odessa Village-Pioneer Settlement-Stories of Pioneer Days-Supervisors-Lake Odessa-Bonanza.
CHAPTER XIII-ORANGE TOWNSHIP 163 Organization - Name - First Officials - Settlers - Early Conditions - First Events-Supervisors.
CHAPTER XIV-ORLEANS TOWNSHIP 168 Organization of-Name-First Township Meeting and Officials Chosen- Pre-emptions and Land Sales-Guy Webster-Other Early Settlers-Super- visors-Shiloh.
CHAPTER XV-OTISCO TOWNSHIP 175 Organization-Name-First Election-Description of the Township-Natural Features-Water Power-Cook's Corners-First Events-Early Settlers- Otisco Postoffice-Supervisors-Kiddville-Dickinson-German Settlement -Smyrna (Mount Vernan).
184
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVI-PORTLAND TOWNSHIP
Boundaries-Natural Features-Township Aid for Railroad Construction- Soil-Organization of the Township-First Officials-Settlement-Maple Postoffice-Supervisors-Early History of Portland-Experiences with the Indians-Wild Game-Naming of the Village-Portland Postmasters Early Township Records.
CHAPTER XVI-RONALD TOWNSHIP 196 Formation of the Township-First Township Meeting and Officials Chosen -Settlement-First Events-Resident Taxpayers in 1845-Supervisors-Palo -Mills.
CHAPTER XVIII-SEBEWA TOWNSHIP 203
First White Resident of the Township-Other Early Settlers-Resident Tax- payers in 1845-Voters in 1845 and 1853-Supervisors-Sebewa Postoffice (Cornell).
CHAPTER XIX-CITY OF JONIA 200
Location-Surroundings-Change in Conditions-Settlement-Selection of : County Seat-Pioneer Hardships-First Things-Railroads-Traders-Tav erns-The Land Office-An Era of Depression, Followed by Substantial .Ad- vancement-Survey of Tonia County Scat-lonia Village in 1845-1ts Incor- poration as a Village, and, Later, as a City-First City Officers - Mayors- Supervisors-Municipal Improvements-The City Hall-Soldiers and Sailors Monument-The Country Club-fonia Gas, Light and Coke Company- Fonia Water Power Electric Company Sorosis Garment Company-Citizens Tele- phone Company-Ilayes-Ionia Company-Ypsilanti Reed Furniture Com- pany-Barrett Cigar Company-F. Il. Stafford Manufacturing Company.
CHAPTER XX-CITY OF BELDING 227
Situation-Public Utilities-Supervisors-First Settlement-Early Mills - Broas Rapids ( Patterson's Mill)-Belding Brothers and the Rise of the Silk Industry-Richardson Silk Mills-Spencer Electric Light and Power Com- pany-Grand Rapids Paper Box Company-Belding-Hall Company - Belding Basket Company-E. Chapple & Company-Belding Land and Improvement Company-First Passenger Line into Belding.
CHAPTER XXI-TRANSPORTATION 211
The Pere Marquette System (Detroit, Grand Rapids & Western Railroad Company)-The Grand Trunk System (Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railroad Company)-First Railroad Charter in the State-Delay and Dis- couragement in the Construction of the First Railroad -- Early I quipment- Oakland & Ottawa Railroad Company-Detroit, Lansing & Lake Michigan Railroad Company.
CHAPTER XXII-MILITARY HISTORY.
218 Loyalty of the People of Ionia County During the Civil War -- Roster ot Tonia Men Who Enlisted.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIII-FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 309 Brief Ilistory of the Banks of lonia, Saranac, Portland, Clarksville, Lake Odessa, Belding-Building and Loan Associations.
CHLAPTER XXIV-SECRET, FRATERNAL AND PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES __ 317 Free and Accepted Masons-Royal Arch Masons-Royal and Select Masters -Order of the Eastern Star-Independent Order of Odd Fellows-Daugh- ters of Rebekah-Knights of Pythias-Independent Order of Foresters- Equitable Fraternal Union-Loyal Order of Moose-Ancient Order of Gleaners-Knights and Ladies of Security-Daughters of the American Rev- olution-Grand Army of the Republic-Woman's Relief Corps-Daughters of Veterans-Sons of Veterans.
CHAPTER XXV-EDUCATION. SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS 337
The Pioneer School House-Work of the Pioneers Reflected in Present Conditions-History of Early Schools in the Townships of Berlin, Boston, Campbell, Danby, Easton, Keene, Lyons, North Plains, Odessa, Orange. Orleans, Portland, Ronald, Sebewa-Public Schools of Jonia-Schools of Saranac-Schools of Lyons-Portland Public Schools-Schools of the County at the Present Time-Recent State Laws-Teaching Hints-Standard School.
CHAPTER XXVI-NEWSPAPERS OF IONIA COUNTY 372 The First Paper in the County-Subsequent Papers at Ionia, Portland, Beld- ing, Saranac, Lake Odessa, Clarksville, Muir-Defunct Papers of the County.
CHAPTER XXVII-IONIA'S POSTAL HISTORY 384 The Postoffice, the Barometer of Local Business Conditions-The First Mail Routes and Postoffice in Ionia County-The Ionia Postoffice-Active Post- offices of the County-Defunct Postoffices.
CHAPTER XXVIII-CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. 392 Methodist Episcopal Churches-Baptist Churches-Presbyterian Churches- Congregational Churches-Church of Christ-United Brethren Churches- Evangelical Church-German Evangelical Lutheran Church-Seventh-day Adventist Church-Dunkard Churches-Union Church.
CHAPTER XXIX-THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 424 First Physician in the County-Physicians at lonia-Other Early Practi- tioners in the Various Communities of the County-Registration-lonia's Pioneer Doctors-Medical Necrology.
CHAPTER XXX-BENCH AND BAR OF IONIA COUNTY 432
Sketch of the First Term of Court in lonia County-First Cases-Attorneys Prior to 1845-Those Up to May, 1880-Later Attorneys-Those Who Have Gained Unusual Distinction-Present Attorneys of the County.
CHAPTER XXXI-HISTORY OF THE GRAND RIVER VALLEY. 439
Mrs. 1 .. P. Brock-First White Visitor-Indian Occupancy-Early Explorers -Chief Pontiac-Saginaw Treaty of 1819-Chicago Treaty of 1821-Wash-
CONTENTS.
ington Treaty of 1830 -- Story of an Old Song "Washtenong"-Party life Along Grand River-Sophia Bailly-Manasseh Mickey-Chief Cobmoosa "Cobmoosa's Lament"-Madame La Fromboise -- Rix Robinson-Louis Cam- pau-Father Frederick Baraga-Genealogy of the Dexter Family Coming of White Settlers to Grand River Valley-Joel Guild's Song, "Michigania"- A Pioncer Guide-Location of First Houses Early Craftsmen-\ June Frost-Samuel and Anna (Fargo) Dexter-Candace ( Winsor) Dexter-Chil- dren of Samuel and Anna Dexter Oliver Arnold-Shortage of Provisions -- Erastus Yeomans-"Gratitude to God"-An Acrostic-William B. Lincoln- Work of a Pioneer Physician - Doctor Lincoln's Descendants-"Pioneers"- Jonia's Firsts-Interesting Notes- Monzo Sessions-White Pigeon-A Son of Black Bird, the Indian Chief-Anniversary Celebration-"The Beautiful River Grand"-The Historical Pageant-An Historical Relic.
CHAPTER XXXII-SIDELIGHTS ON IONIAA HISTORY 500
The First Armory-City Armory-Michigan Reformatory-lonia State Ios- pital-Rebel Prisons in Civil War Days-Dates of Incorporation of Cities and Villages of Ionia County-Population of Ionia County-Vote for Gov- ernor-Notable Citizens of lonia County-State Senators from lonia County -Representatives for Ionia County-Important Offices-Young Men's Chris- tian Association-Pioneer Days.
HISTORICAL INDEX
VOLUME I
A.
Algodon 155, 388
Ancient Order of Gleaners 327
Armory
500
Arnold, Oliver
481
Attorneys
432
Attorneys. Prosecuting
64
Avon
105, 388
B.
Bailly, Sophia 454
Banks
309
Baptist Churches 400
Baraga, Father Frederick 464
Belding City --
Banks 312
Belding Brothers 229
Building and Loan Associations __ 315
Churches
395, 403, 416
Dams . 228
Early Business Interests 229
Improvements
227
Incorporation
514
Industries
236
Land Company 239
Light and Power Plant
235
Lodges
318, 322, 332. 334
Newspapers 378
Paper Box Industry 236
Physicians 430
Population
514
Public Utilities 227
Railroads 240
Richardson Silk Mills 234
Settlement
278
Silk Industry 232
Belding City -
Situation
Supervisors 2.27
Water Power 234
Bench and Bar
432
Berlin Township -
Changes in Area 70
Description of 70
First Township Meeting 70
Lakes
4,5
Land Entries 71
Mills
Name 70 I 1
Officials, First
1
70
Organization
70
1
1
1
Schools 337 I
Settlement
1
1
1
72
Streams
45
Supervisors
80
Taxpayers in 1844 78
Voters in 1846 and 1849
79
Bonanza
155, 160, 380
Boston Township-
Cemeteries 8.4
Description of
81
First Events 4.3
First Township Meeting 81
Indians
.15
Mills
85
Vame 8]
Organization
Pioneers
SI
Schools 337
Settlement
Streams
15
Supervisors 87
Taxpayer
1 1844
81
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
Lake
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Boundaries of County 33
Bricker Park 45
C.
Campau, Louis 463
Campbell 388
Campbell Township
Boundaries 92 1 1 1
Campbell
338
1
1
Creation of
91
First Events
95
First Township Meeting 91
Indians
100
1
45
Location
92
1 Name 91 1 I
Natural Features 1
92
Officials, First 92 1 1
Schools 95 I 1 1 1
Settlement
Squatters
92
First Township Meeting 98
Mills
100
Name
98
Natural Features
98
Organizations 98
Schools
339
Settlement
98
Streams
44, 98
101
Daughters of Rebekah
324
Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion
329
Daughters of Veterans
335
Deceased Physicians 430
Dexter, Samuel
54, 213, 465, 475
Dickertown
118
Doctors
424
Drainage, Natural
37
Dunkard Churches 422
E.
Early Craftsmen
473
Early Life
451
Eastern Star, Order of
318,
320
Easton
389
Congregational Churches 410
Contests for County Seat 55
Cook's Corner 176, 177, 179
Cornell
101, 208
Coroners
65
County Clerks
63
1
1
County House 68 J 1 1 1 County Jails 67 1 County Office Building 1 1 66
1 County Officials 62 1
County Seat Established 52
County Surveyors 65
1 1 County Treasurers 63 1 1 I
Court Commissioners
1
64
1
I
1
1
1
Court House
60
Creation of County 1
I
I
48
Cyclonic Storms
39
D.
Dams
46
Danby
100, 389
Danby Township-
Boundaries 98
First Events
100
Supervisors
97
Taxpayers in 1845
10I
Taxpayers in 1849
Voters, Early
Cass 1
I
1
388
1 C'ass Township 70
Catholic Church
I46
Chadwick 389 1 1 1 1 1
Chandler 389 1
Chicago Treaty of 1821 1
448
1 Chief Cobmoosa 457
Chief Pontiac
444
Church of Christ 413
Churches 39.2
Circuit Court Commissioners 64
Clarksville 97, 311, 319, 324, 382, 387, 412
Clayey Soil 44
Clerks, County 63
38
Coal Measures
33
Cobmoosa, Chief
457
Collins 389
Commissioners, Circuit Court
64
Commonwealth Dam 47
I 1
1
I 1
J 1
1
1
I
1 1
1
1
I
96
Lakes
I
1
I
I
1 1 1
1
Climate
I
92
96
Supervisors
Easton Township-
First Township Meeting
103
Mills
104
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Easton Township-
Officials, First 103
Organization 1 1
103
Reformatory 507 t 1 I
Schools
340
1
Settlement 103 I 1 1
Streams
45
I
Supervisors
105
Education
337
Election, First in County 49
Enlistments from Jonia County 248
Equitable Fraternal Union 325
Evangelical Church 419
F.
Farm Lands
44
Financial Institutions 309
First Armory
506
First County Election 49
Foresters, Independent Order of.
325
Fraternities
317
Free and Accepted Masons 317
Frost, A June
474
G.
Genereauxville
109
Geology 33
German Evan. Luth. Church 419
Glacial Drift 36
Glass Tragedy
144
Gleaners, Ancient Order of 3.27
Grand Army of the Republic 331
Grand River, First Mention 452
Grand River Valley
439
Grand Trunk Railway
241
Great Lakes, Influence of
38
H.
Hickey, Manasseh 457
Hospital, State 509
Hubbardston-
Beginning of
146. 148
Churches 397
Dams 150
Incorporation 515
Lumber Interests 149
Mills 148, 149
Hubbardston-
l'opulation 515
Stores, Early 149
I.
Incorporation of Cities and Villages 515 Independent Order of Foresters 325 Independent Order of Odd Fellows 320 Indian Treaties 4-15
Indian Villages 453
Indians, 89, 100, 127, 144, 158, 445, 453, 471
lonia City-
Armory
500
Banks
309, 493
Building and Loan Associations __ 315
Churches_
-392. 00. 408, 413, 419, 494
City Hall
221
Country Club
County Seat 52, 210
Early Description 216
Electric Company › ›3
First City Election 220
First Things 212, 493
Gias Plant
223
Ilistorical Pageant
503
Improvements
221
In 1845 216
Incorporation as City 219, 515
Incorporation
as
Village
218
Industries
223
Land Office 214
Location 2(0)
Lodges
317, 320. 324
Mayors
Newspapers 372, 493
Pioneer Hardships .211
Population 51-1
Postoffice 384, 493
Public Improvements 221
Railroads
212. 241
Schools 221, 350
Selection as County Seat 52, 210
Settlement 210
Soldiers' Monument
Supervisors 220
Taverns
212
Telephones
22.1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
lonia City-
Traders, Early 212
Physicians 424, 430
Water System 221
"lonia County Seat"
53, 215
Jonia Township-
Changes in Area 107
Creation of
48
Description
107
Election, First
49
First Township Meeting 107
Mills 109, 110, 112
Officials, First 49, 108
Organization
104
Settlement
109, 113
Supervisors
111
Ionia's Firsts
493
J.
Jails
Judges of Probate
63
Lodges
317
Loyal Order of Moose
326
Lyons-
Beginning of
129
Bridges
131
Churches 399. 404
Dam 46
134
Dickertown
118
First Events
119
115
Location 115
Officials, First 115
Name
115
Organization 115 1 1
Schools 341 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1
116
Squatters I I L
116
Streams
45
Supervisors
119
Tavern 117
Kiddville 176, 179, 389
Knights and Ladies of Security
328
Knights of Pythias 324
Kossuth 389
L.
La Fromboise, Madame
461
Lake City
155
Lake Land
44
Lake Odessa-
Banks
312
Beginning of 159
Churches
407, 417
161
Incorporation 515
Lodges 319, 322, 324
Newspapers 381
I'latted 160
515
Postoffice 387
Public Utilities 162
Railroad Influence 1
160
Summer Resort 161 I 1 1
Lakes 1 45
Lakes, Influence of I
38
Lakeview Park
45
Lawyers
432
Lincoln, William B.
489
Location of County
33
Improvements, Early
130
Incorporation
Indian Trading
128
Lodges
331, 335
Newspapers
425, 431
Platted
Population
387
Postoffice
1
1
359
Schools
I
128
Settlement 1
1
I
128
State Routes 132 1
Lyons Dam
Lyons Township-
Boundaries
121
Cemetery, First
124
Changes in Area 120
Dams 46
Drainage, Natural 1
121
First Events
122
1
1
K.
Keene 389
Keene Township-
Boundaries 115
Canadian Settlement 117
Election, First
133, 515
382
Physicians
1
129
515
Settlement
1
Situation
!
I
1
F
1
46
First Township Meeting
67
Population
First Buildings
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Lyons Township-
First Township Meeting 120
Indian Battles 127
Name
120
1
Officials, First
121
Organization
120
River Navigation
1
131
Schools 342 1 1
1 Scientific Farming 126 I
Stage Routes
132
1 1 Settlements 121 1 1 1
Streams
121
Supervisors
127
M.
Maple 187, 389
Maple Township 120
Marl Deposits 33
Masonic Order 317
Matherton-
Beginning of 151
Churches
418
Fires
1
152
1
1 1 Lumber Interests 151
Mills 151
Physicians 425,
430
Plat
151
Postoffice
151, 387
Water Power 153
Medical Profession 424
Methodist Episcopal Churches
392
Military History
248
Mills 76, 85, 100, 104, 109, 110, 112,
132, 135, 156, 166, 182, 190, 202
134, 387
Montrose
325
Moraines
36
Morse, Allen B.
519
Mt. Vernon 183 L
Muir-
Additions
136
Beginning of
132
Churches
417
Incorporations 515 1 1 J I 1 1 1
Mills
1 132, 135
Name
I
Newspapers
382
Physicians
426, 431
Plats
136
Muir-
Population
515
Postmasters 136
N.
Natural Drainage 37
New Berlin
78, 390
Newspapers
372
North Plains
389
North Plains Township-
Change in Area 1.39
Churches 140
First Events 147
First Township Meeting 139
Glass Tragedy
144
Irish Settlers 146
Living Pioneers 140
Name
1 139
Officials, First 139 1 1 1
Organization
1
1.39
Religious Services
146
Schools
343
Settlement
140. 145
Streams
45
Notable Citizens
515
Notes, Interesting
494
O.
Odd Fellows 320
Odessa Township-
Creation of 154
First Events 156
First Township Meeting 154
Indians
158
Lakes 45
Location
155
Mills
156
Name 154
Officials, First
154
Pioneer Stories
158
Physicians
425, 130
Schools
345
Settlement
155
Supervisors 159
Voters, First 154
Office Buildings, County.
Officials of County 62
1
1 I
I
1
1
135
1
1
1 I
1
Moose, Loyal Order of
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Orange Township-
First Township Meeting 163
Mills
166
1 Lodges 319
Mills
138
Name 136
Physicians 426 I 1 I
I Pioneer Traders 137 1 1 1
Platted 136 1 1
Population
515
I Supervisors 167 1
Trails, Early 164
Orchards, Early 165
Order of Eastern Star 318
48
Orleans Township-
Churches 396, 398
First Township Meeting 168
Lakes
45
Name
168
1 Officials, First 168
Organization 168 1
1 Physicians 425
Pioneer Cabin 1
169
1 I 1 I Schools 347
1
Settlement
169
Supervisors
173
Otisco 390
Otisco Township-
First Events 178
First Township Meeting 175
German Settlement
180
Location 175
Officials, First
175
Organization 1
175
Settlement
177
Streams
45, 176
Supervisors
179
Water Power 176
P.
Palo 201, 318, 323, 387, 396, 404
Patriotic Societies 317
Patterson's Mill 228, 386
Pere Marquette Railway
246
Pewamo-
Beginning of 136
Churches
400,
405
Early Conditions 137
Soil
184
I
1 136 F
Physicians
424
Pioneer Days
521
Pioneer Doctors
428
Pioneer Hardships
186, 211
Plains
387
Pleasant Park
45
Pontiac, Chief 444
Poor Farm
68
Population of Cities and Villages 515
Population of County
515
Portland-
Banks 311
Churches
.392, 402. 410, 421
Early Buildings 193
Incorporation 515
Lodges 317. 322, 334
1 Name 193
Newspapers 376
Physicians
425
Population
515
1
Postoffice
193, 388
Schools
360
Portland Township-
Aid to Railways 184
Boundaries 184
Crossing Streams 191
Early llistory
189
First Events
193
First Township Meeting. 185
Fish 193
Indians
192
Mills
190
1
Officials, First
185
Organization
184
Pioneer Hardships
186
1
Roads, Early
192
Schools
348
Settlement
185, 189
1
1
1
387
Postoffice
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
165
Organization
I
1
I
I
I
163
Schools
346
1
1
I Settlement 163 I
Organization of County
Pewamo-
Incorporation 515
Name
163
Officials, First
163
Orchards, First
Survey
1
1
1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Portland Township-
S.
Streams 44, 184
Supervisors 188
Water Power 184 1
Postal History 384
Postoffices
384
Prairie Creek
111
Precipitation 40 I 1
Presbyterian Churches 1 I
408
Press, the 372
Probate Judges
63
Prosecuting Attorneys 1
64
Public Square 66
R.
Railroads 241
Rainfall 40
Rebekah, Daughters of 324
Schewa
207, 390
Sebewa Township-
First Settlers 203
First Township Meeting 207
Organization
207
Schools 249
Settlement
203
1 1 1 Representatives 517
Richardson's Corner 1
389
1 1 Rix 390 1
Voters, First
200
Secret Societies
317
Rock Formations
33
Ronald
390
I Ronald Center 390 1
Ronald Township-
Churches
423
First Events
200
First Township Meeting 196
Lakes 45
Mills 202
Officials, First 196
Smyrna-
Beginning of 177
Change in Name 183
Early Business Interests 182
Schools 348
196
Mills 182
183
Supervisors
201
Taxpayers, 1845
201
Physicians
425
Rosina
389
l'lat
183
Roster of Ionia Soldiers 248
Postoffice
183. 388
Roster of Officials 62
Settlement
181
Royal and Select Masters 318
Royal Arch Masons
318
Soils
Saginaw Treaty of 1819 445
Sandy Soil 44
Saranac ---
Banks 310
Churches 411
First Buildings 88
In 1849 87
Incorporation
515
Indians
Lodges
320, 324, 333
Newspapers 380
Physicians 431
Population
515
Schools
357
Schools
95, 221, 337
"Scientific Farming" 126
Rebel Prisons 510
Reformatory 507
Registers of Deeds
64
Registration of Physicians 426
Reimer Park 45
1 Religious Societies 392
Supervisors 20)7
Taxpayers, 1845 206
Security, Knights and Ladies of __
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