USA > Michigan > Saginaw County > History of Saginaw County, Michigan; historical, commercial, biographical, Volume II > Part 1
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"OUR INLAND SEAS" Their Shipping and Commerce for Three Centuries
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"SEARCHLIGHTS ON SOME AMERICAN INDUSTRIES"
.A book full of the romance of our leading industries. set satisfying, too, the sober requirements of accuracy. It traces the growth and development of each industry from the earliest times to the highly specialized systems of today. Crown, & co., 300 pages, AS all. $1.50 Net. A. C. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago, Publishers.
'OLIVER HAZARD PERRY AND THE BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE"
A true and faithful biography of the hero of Brie. related in a highly interesting style, unbiased and free from undile praise. It is a history of the naval operations on Lake Erie in 1513, and of the subsequent military campaign in Canada, which resulted in the recovery of the Northwest Territory to the United States.
Crown, & co., 278 pages, 12 ill. $1.50 Net. JOHN PHELPS, Detroit, Publisher.
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
-
.
SAGINAW COUNTY COURT HOUSE, ERECTED 1884-5
HISTORY of SAGINAW COUNTY MICHIGAN
Historical Commercial Biographical
Profusely Illustrated with Portraits of Early Pioneers, Rare Pictures and Scenes of Olden Times, and Portraits of Representative Citizens of Today
1
By JAMES COOKE MILLS Author of "Our Inland Seas" "Searchlights on American Industries" "Oliver Hazard Perry and the Battle of Lake Erie"
Saginaw, Michigan Seemann & Peters, Publishers Printers, Binders, Stationers 1918
3-
. .. / YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 882000. R. LENOYA AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS R 1919 L
Copyright, 1918 Seemann & Peters, Saginaw
All rights reserved
PRESS OF SEEMANN & PETERS SAGINAW, MICHIGAN U. S. . 1.
PREFACE
S INTY years ago, when the whole region of Saginaw Valley was little more than a wilderness, a printer by the name of Fox gave the scant population a "History of Saginaw County." It was a small pamphlet of about sixty pages, paper bound, set up and printed entirely by hand, but it contained valuable information for posterity. Unfortunately this book has become very scarce, and only a few copies are known to exist. In 1868 Mr. Fox published a new and revised edition of his history, containing eighty- six pages, also hand made, which now is also rare. The first directory of Saginaw, published in 1800, contained a comprehensive and interesting history of early Saginaw, by Thomas Galatin : and eight years later W. R. Bates presented his "History of the Saginaws."
From these early histories, valuable in their accounts of pioneer days, of persons and events; from the files of early newspapers; from scrap books and albums of settlers who preserved records of primitive times; and from interviews with many old residents whose recollections were still keen, the historian has gathered materials for this history. It is the first work of the kind, to be dignified by the title of "History," published in thirty-seven years; and in its broad scope and purpose represents many months of research and study.
The fund of information, containing stories of border life, narratives of personal adventures and public events, is almost inexhaustible. One might go on and on for years gathering true and faithful accounts, often musty and dim with age, but with plenty of color and atmosphere to lend interest, and filling volumes of interesting history. The human element never is want- ing in Saginaw's history. Few sections of the country, at least in the Middle West, can produce such material, thrilling and often startling, and replete with heart interest. The difficulty experienced by the historian has been in the selection and elimination of his materials, for he has ever had in mind the use of that which casts a searchlight on human events, and lends the most absorbing interest. Romance is not lacking in the stories gathered, and pos- sibly some of it may be reflected in the historical narratives.
The purpose and aim of this llistory of Saginaw County, published in nineteen hundred and eighteen, is to give the people of Michigan a reliable, comprehensive and interesting story of our past and present life; to show the development of this industrial and agricultural center of the State from the once primeval forest ; and to hand down to generations to come the facts of early history from which may be formed a proper conception of what pioneer settlers and others suffered in laying the firm foundation upon which our
prosperity stands. This work will be a practical basis for the study of local history in the public schools, both in city and townships, and will be a refer- ence book in public libraries here and elsewhere. This has been constantly in mind so that a proper balance between personal and material things might be maintained.
Each subject has been treated as a separate and distinct monograph, with events and things arranged in chronological order. For the most part all matter pertaining to one general subject will be found together in its proper place, although in some instances, such as the romance of lumbering, interest- ing accounts will be found in the chapters on early pioneer life. This is because logging and lumbering operations were inseparably linked with the daily experiences of the pioneers, two generations literally growing up in the atmosphere of the pine forests, in the hum of saw mills, and the wild and reckless life of the frontier.
The logical arrangement, therefore, necessitated a division of the whole work into four separate books, incorporated and bound into two volumes. The first book, Historical - comprises fifteen chapters (from I to XV, in- clusive), and deals with our local history from the earliest times to the present, including many illustrations of town and river scenes, and portraits of carly pioneers. The second book, Industrial History - (chapters XVI to XXV), is devoted to our manufacturers, mercantile and banking interests, in which pictures of factories (both outside and inside ), wholesale houses, prom- inent buildings and street scenes, are interesting features. These two books are bound complete in Volume I, with convenient indexes of pioneer biog- raphies and subject titles. The third book - Biographies of Representative Citizens - gives the life histories of the men whose collective efforts have made Saginaw the prosperous city it is today. The fourth book - Town- ships and Towns - comprises the local history of each township and biog- raphies of leading pioneers, merchants, professional men, and progressive farmers who have developed agriculture in this county. Books three and four are bound complete in Volume II, with proper indexes.
History and Biography are terms identical in meaning and purpose. They are words expressing practically the same thing, although in somewhat different form. History is a record of human events, political, economic or industrial. Biography is a record of purely individual endeavor, as expressed in the form of a life history, and treats of the more intimate affairs of a man's life. Both History and Biography, therefore, are essential to a complete and perfect record of any community or commonwealth. As treated in this History of Saginaw County, one is as necessary and important as the other. The closer and more intimate relations of our leading manufacturers, jobbing houses and banking institutions, as found in their individual histories appear- ing at intervals in Volume 1, pages 461 to 774, are essential to a proper under- standing of our commercial advancement. No history would approach com- pleteness without them. A perusal of these accounts will be found interest-
ing and instructive, and to many will prove a surprise in the revelation of growth and importance of the industrial and commercial prosperity of this city. A summary of industries, in which Saginaw leads the State and in some instances the Nation, appears in Volume I, page 679.
Likewise, the personal element interwoven in the biographies of our lead- ing citizens, contains features of the highest interest. Their achievements in business and professional life are related in a modest and unostentatious style. befitting the character and lives of the subjects, yet are intimately and purely personal in treatment. Much of the most vital and important history of Sagi- naw County is told in these biographies. For instance, some of the most interesting history of lumbering in Michigan is incorporated in the sketches of Ammi W. Wright, Charles H. Davis and others of that enterprising group of men, whose names are indelibly stamped on the history of the Northwest. The same is true of the simple yet dignified biographies of other business and professional men, a reading of which will reveal interesting sidelights on history.
While this history has had the endorsement and encouragement of our leading and representative citizens and townsmen, a few have assumed a different attitude toward it. These men undoubtedly regard themselves as deserving a place among progressive men, but from extreme modesty or other reasons have refused to recognize the work by giving any information con- cerning their personal affairs. Generally such cases are forgotten. In some, however, because of pioneer antecedents or circumstances of importance, the historian has felt bound, in justice to those who have identified themselves with the work, to present an unbiased account of a man's life. But without information derived first-hand, it has been necessary to resort to such data as could be obtained from outside sources and which seemed true and reliable, but the veracity of which could not be substantiated. It is hoped that noth- ing has been published distasteful to the persons whose affairs are thus related. History in its highest form, it should be borne in mind, is selective and critical.
For personal interest and aid in his researches and study, in the loan of old histories, scrap books, newspaper clippings, pioneer portraits and views, the historian is greatly indebted to Fred Dustin, Mrs. Aaron T. Bliss, Mrs. S. C. J. Ostrom, Fred J. Buckhout, Mrs. Ferdinand Brucker, William B. Mershon, Fred L. Eaton, Jr., John A. Coombs, William P. Powell, John F. ()'Keefe, Benton Hanchett. Ezra Rust. Mrs. James B. Peter, Langley S. Foote, George L. Burrows, Jr., Miss Nellie Brown, William S. Linton. John Moore, George W. Wallis, late chief of the fire department, Patrick Kain, chief of the police department, the commissioner of parks and cemeteries, W. W. Warner, superintendent of schools; and to Miss Harriet H. Ames, and her associate, Miss Blanche Topping, of Hoyt Library ; Miss Dow of the Public Library : Miss Benjamin of the Butman-Fish Memorial Library; and the Detroit Public Library: and the Michigan Historical Commission. To all these, and many others who have rendered incidental aid, the historian extends his grateful acknowledgements.
T. C. M.
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER I PAGE
Pre-Historic Races CHAPTER HI The Indians of Saginaw Valley. .. 21
1
CHAPTER IN
The Advent of White Men
34
CHAPTER IN
The Treaty of Saginaw. . 51 .
CHAPTER \
The Coming of De Tocqueville, or "A Fortnight in the Wilderness"
CHAPTER VI
Pioneer Days
CHAPTER VHI
97
CHAPTER VIH
The Rise and Progress of Saginaw City. 117
CHAPTER IN
Founding of East Saginaw. .
137
CHAPTER X
Reminiscences of Pioneer Citizens.
160
CHAPTER XI
An Era of Prosperity 185
CHAPTER XH
Some Municipal Organizations 207
CHAPTER NIH
The Consolidated Saginaws.
237
CHAPTER NI
Our Educational Development
27-
CHAPTER NV
Religious and Social Life
313
70
Organization of the County
THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF SAGINAW
CHAPTER XVI PAGE
The Lumber Industry . . . 393
CHAPTER XVII
The Salt Industry 426
CHAPTER XVIII
The Coal Industry.
447
CHAPTER XIX
The Beet-Sugar Industry
. . . 466
CHAPTER XX
Diversified Industries
489
CHAPTER XXI
Varied Commercial Interests
. 603
CHAPTER XXII
Development of Agriculture ..
68I
CHAPTER XXIII
Transportation
703
CHAPTER XXIV
Banks and Banking
739
CHAPTER XXV 4
The Bench and Bar 775
INDEX OF PIONEERS AND INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL HISTORY
INDEX OF SUBJECT TITLES (Sub Ileadings)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VOLUME II
Biographies of Representative Citizens Townships and Towns Index of Biographies General Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
Frontispiece PAGE
Heavy Aboriginal Implements.
3
Fragments of Ancient Pottery. 4
Flint Implements Used by Mound-Builders 6
Primitive Arrow-Points 9
Leaf-Shaped Blades
11
Arrow and Spear Points
Green Point Mounds.
11 14 15
The Andross Urn
Pipe Made of Sandstone.
Fragmentary Specimens of Pipes. .
Primitive Ornaments and Charms.
Semi-Civilized Indians of Saginaw in the '60's. .
Shop-en-a-gons
"Le Griffon"
Pere Marquette at St. Ignace in 1671, about to start on his journey of discovery of the Mississippi.
41
A Map of the Region of the Great Lakes, 1747
Lewis Cass
Old Fort Saginaw, in 1822
Morass in the Wilderness.
The Trail to Saginaw.
View on Saginaw River. 1880
Au-saw-wa-mic
Eleazer Jewett
Gardner D. Williams {
90
Ephraim S. Williams ยง
On the Cass River, near its Mouth
96
Captain Joseph W. Malden S
Albert Miller 101
Mrs. James Fraser }
102
James Fraser
Map of the City of Saginaw, 1837. 104-5
The First Court House of Saginaw County, built in 1838-9 112
James McCormick
William R. McCormick 119
Phineas D. Braley 1
124
Iliram L. Miller
Charles H. Richman
120
Mrs. Charles 11. Richman )
Norman Little 133
A Camp in Winter 136
18 19 20 26 33 37
11 50 61 65
73 78 83 85
Judge Elijah N. Davenport / 99
PAGE
Site of Present City Hall, 1849
141
Curtis Emerson
Moses B. Hess 146
Jesse Hoyt 151
Colonel W. L. P. Little ?
Charles D. Little 154
Saginaw River Front, North of Johnson Street, in the Early Days. 157
Charles W. Grant. 158
W. L. P. Little Family
159
Norman 1. Miller
162
Charles T. Brenner
Obadiah Crane
165
William A. Crane
167
Mrs. William A. Crane
Adelaide Delisle Cushway
Mary Hubbard Ide
George Washington Davis
Thadeas De Lamorandiere
George Streeb 173
John W. Richardson
Saginaw City in 1850. 175
John Moore 176
Joseph A. Whittier (
James F. Brown 180
Emil A. L. Moores f
Lumbering on the Saginaw in the Fifties 184
James S. Webber
John F. Driggs 187
Union Hall 191
Laying Nicholson Pavement in Genesee Street, 1868. 193
The Bancroft House in 1865
The Crouse Block on Site of Eddy Building 196
Water Street at Foot of Tuscola
East Side of Water Street at Tuscola, 1860 1
William J. Bartow 1
199
Solomon Bond Bliss
William H. Sweet
Myron Butman 1
202
Newell Barnard Daniel L. C. Eaton
Hamilton Street, Looking South from Cleveland Street, about 1875 1 200 View on Saginaw River, Looking North from Mackinaw Street, 1875 }
Genesee Street, Looking East from Water Street
Genesee Street, Looking West from Washington, about 1868
Ruins of Jackson Hall, Burned May 26, 1873 209
Genesee Street, Looking East from Washington, about 1872
The Great Flood of 1873, Looking Across Genesee Street Bridge Water Street, Looking North from German Street, Flood of 1873 Genesee Avenue between Baum and Jefferson, about 1860. 212
"Valley City" Boys, 1864. 214
170
PAGE
Valley City No. 3 Fire Station 217
Valley City Boys, 1915. 219
Active Hose. Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 .. 221 lose House No. 13, Harrison and Van Buren Streets
Old Style Hose Reel and Fire Company, about 1881 224
The Cities of Saginaw at Height of the Lumber Industry
Loading at Holland's Dock, 1879
Saginaw River, Looking North from Michigan Central Bridge 1
T. Dailey Mower. 231
Zack Baskins, James P. Walsh, Patrick Kain. Elmer E. Bishop, T. McCoy 232
Hamilton Street North from Court 235 Second Precinct Police Station, Adams Street. 236
From the Roof of the Academy, Looking East, 1886 1
239
From the Roof of the Academy, Looking Southwest, 1886 1
The City Hall 242
Court Street Bridge 244
Genesee Avenue Bridge 245
Genesee Avenue During Saengerfest, in 1873 247
Group of Old-Time Mayors of the Saginaws Herbert H. Hoyt, John G. Owen, John Welch, A. F. R. Braley, Lyman W Uliss, Frank Lawrence, John S. Estabrook, Henry M. Youmans
Views in Hoyt Park. 253
Scenes in Bliss Park. 254
Map of Ezra Rust Park 257
Mershon-Whittier Natatorium
259
Views in Oakwood Cemetery.
261
Views in Forest Lawn Cemetery 262
The Auditorium 205
Street Scenes During the Great Flood of March, 1904. 267
Last Council of the City of Saginaw under Allermanic System, 1913. 269
The First Council under the Commission Government, January 1. 1914. 271
Hilem F. Paddock, Mayor of Saginaw. 1915-19. 273
Group of West Side Schools 270
The John Moore School. 270
The Arthur Hill Trade School. . 280
Some Shops in the Hill Trade School 283 Arthur Jlill 1
284
Wellington R. Burt |
The Old "Academy" 287
The Old Central School, Erected in 1866 2 0
Group of East Side School.
The Burt Manual Training School 203
Interior of Burt Manual Training School. 205
The New Germania School, Completed in 1914. 290
Fac-Simile of Letter Written by Norman Little in 1837 298 and 299
The Butman-Fish Memorial Library 301
Interior of Public Library. East Side. 303
The Hoyt Public Library 306
PAGE
Members of the Tuesday Club at Mrs. Buckhout's Home, 1885. 309
The Presbyterian Church at Saginaw City. 314
First Presbyterian Church. 317
Insert Reverend Harry Rogers Stark
Old St. John's Church, Erected in 1853. 318
St. John's Episcopal Church .319
Reverend Emil Montanus. 320
Jefferson Avenue, North from Hayden Street, 1886 !
323
Weadock Avenue, North from Thompson Street
Father Vanderhayden 325
Old Methodist Church, German Street and Washington Avenue 328
Jeffers Fountain 320
Portrait Gallery of Residents of Saginaw City, 1860-1875 330 and 331
Old St. Paul's Church, Erected in 1864 33-4
Interior of St. Paul's Church. 335
The First Congregational Church, Erected in 18. 0.
337
Group of Saginaw Churches 340
Holy Rosary Church and School 343
Church of the Sacred Heart 3-44
Some of Saginaw's Benevolent Institutions 3-47
The New Y. W. C. A. Building, Erected in 1912 350
The Cafeteria of the Y. W. C. . 1. 352
A Group of Prominent Citizens and Others in Front of the Saginaw Club, 1907 353
The New Y. M. C. A. Building on the West Side 355
Swimming Pool, Y. M. C. A 356
Group of German Citizens, 1865. 357
Some Pioneer Members of the Germania Society 359
The First Germania School 360
The Germania Institute 362
Members of the Germania Building Committee 363
The First Trustees of the Schmitz Endowment 364
Franz Dreier and Some of the Turners, 1906 365
The Germania Maennerchor, 1905 368
The Germania Damenchor, 1905 369
The Teutonia Ilall 371
Colonel Thomas Saylor. 373
Enlisted Men of Company F, Thirty-Third Regiment, M. N. G., 1916 374
The Armory, Erected in 1909. 376
Saginaw Naval Reserves on Board the "Michigan." 1895 377
The East Saginaw Club. 379
Saginaw's Grand Old Men in 1907 381
Henry C. Potter, Joseph A. Whittier, Thomas Merrill and Ammi W. Wright
The Saginaw Country Club 382
Thirteenth Green 383
Saginaw Canoe Club on Osakina Island 384
The Elk's Temple 3.85
PAGE
Pioneer Residents of Saginaw City. 386 William Binder, Mrs. William A Armistrong, Harvey Joslin. Mrs. Jennie Paine, Lorenzo Burrows, Jr., Teresa Jones, George L. Burrows, Mrs. George L. Burrows, Harry Miller
Masonic Temple 388
Old-Time Portraits of Well Known Citizens 390
Charles R. Penney, John Weller, John Jeffers, Walter Gardner, Isaac Bearinger, Mrs. E. J. Ring, Isane Parsons, Mrs. C. W. Wells, Frederick H. Herbert, Gurdon Corning and Ida C., Nicholas A. Randall, Doctor H. Williams, Judge L. (. Holden
Genesee Avenue, Looking West from Jefferson, 1900 1
392
Washington Avenue, Looking North from Bancroft House, 1900 }
THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF SAGINAW'
Choppers at Work in Forest 395
Loading on Sleighs \
398
A Log Dump
Rafting Logs \ 399
Lumberjacks at Their Noon Meal in Depths of Forest. 401
"Snaking" Logs by Ox Team, 1800. . 404
Interior of Bunk House. .. 406
Tables Spread in "Chuck" Shanty. 400
Business Cards of Leading Lumbermen, about 1874. 412
Grinding Axes in Camp 415
Drawing Water at Spring
Record Load Hauled by One Two-Horse Team. 418
Loading Long Timber for Ship Spars. 421
Saw Mill and Lumber Yard in the Car Trade 422
Scaling and Sorting Lumber on the Dock. 424
The Tittabawassee at Riverside Park. 425
Salt Block and Mill Boom-Log End of Saw Mill. 428
To Whom Honor is Due for the Discovery of Salt. 431
Stephen R Kirby, Sanford Keeler and George W. Merrill
Saginaw River in the Eighteen-Nineties, at F. & P. M. R. R. Bridge. 434
Salt Block, Saw Mill and Cooper Shop of Charles Merrill & Co. 438
C. M. Ireton 439
Section of Settling Tanks, Salt Works of Saginaw Plate Glass Co. 441
One of the Ten Concrete "Grainers," Salt Works of Sag. P. G. Co. 443
Automatic Rakes Dumping Salt, at Saginaw Plate Glass Company
Hills of Salt in Huge Warehouse, Saginaw Plate Glass Company. 444
Washington Street North from Janes, 1888 )
Cass Street South from Tuscola, 1888 446
The First Coal Mine in Saginaw County, 1896 450
Loading Coal in Wagons at Caledonia Mine No. 1. 1905 453
Socialist Miners Just Up from the Mine, 1905
Miners Setting Electric Short Wall Cutter. 456
Electric Continuous Cutter on Truck, Ready for Operation 457
Close-Up View of Short Wall Cutter, 459
Showing Compactness of Construction
Electric Chain Cutter Operating in Entry
Tipple and Power House of 1 463
Wolverine Mine No. 2 of Consolidated Coal Company
Ilauling to Skidway J
PAGE
Tipple of Bliss Coal Mine, Swan Creek. .. 464 John T. Phillips and Clarence H. Brand at Bliss Coal Mine. 465
Six Hundred Acre Beet Field at Prairie Farm. 469 Beet Wagons Waiting to Unload at Merrill Weigh Station 472 Carrollton Plant of Michigan Sugar Company. 475
The "Scroll," or Worm Conveyor at Carrollton Sugar Factory. 479
The Carbonators, in which the Impurities in the Juice are Absorbed 482
Pressure Filters, which Remove all the Purifying Agents. 483
Vacuum Evaporators, which Reduce the Purified Juice to a Rich Syrup 485 Syrup Boilers or "Strike Pans," in which the syrup is crystalized
"Osmogenes," which purify the syrup for crystalization. 487
A Portion of the Plant of the Saginaw Plate Glass Company. 488
Wildman Brothers Boiler Works, 1885. 492
Maple Flooring Plant of S. L. Eastman Flooring Company. . 495
Mammoth Plant of the Lufkin Rule Company. 498
Fac-Simile of Signatures to Original Articles of Incorporation of the Board of Trade. 501
Prominent Promotors of and Donors to the Saginaw Board of Trade 502
What Might Have Been a Familiar Sight. 505 Trustees of Merchants and Manufacturers Association. 1909 to 1913 507
Plant of the Erd Motor Company 509
Extensive Works of the Saginaw Manufacturing Company. 511
Former Shops of the Saginaw Sheet Metal Works. 512
Efficient Plant of the Saginaw Sheet Metal Works. 513
Plant of the Saginaw Ladder Company. . 514
John G. Wolfarth, Founder of the Wolfarth Bakery 517
The Wolfarth Bakery 518
Frank J. Wolfarth. 519
Batches of Dough, Mixing Dough, Mixing and Moulding, Fresh Bread from Ovens, Wolfarth Bakery 520
In the Office, Retail Sales Department, Wolfarth Bakery. 521
Salesmen of American Cash Register Company, September, 1916. 522
Assembling "American" Cash Registers. 523
Old Employees of Wickes Brothers in Front of Shop, about 1873 525
Erecting a "Wickes" Gang Saw. 526
Punch Erection Floor 5.27
The Modern Plant of Wickes Brothers.
Group of Workmen in Wickes Brothers Iron Works, 1914. 528
Present Plant of Wickes Boiler Company !
529 The Wickes Water Tube Boiler
531
Type of Fire Tube Boiler. 532
The Pioneer Iron Works of A. F. Bartlett & Company. 533
Group of Mechanics and Moulders at the Bartlett Plant, 1879. 534
l'it Lathe in Bartlett Plant Finishing off "Deck" for Saginaw Plate Glass Company 535
The New Modern Plant of the Jackson & Church Company. . 537
Machine Shop of Jackson & Church Company. 538
Original Shops of the Jackson-Church-Wilcox Company, and New Modern Plant Completed in 1917. 539
View in Jackson-Church-Wilcox Plant 540
The "Jacox" Steering Gear. 541
Plant of Mitts & Merrill, a Business Established in 1854. 543
PAGE
Foundry and Group of Moulders at the Valley Grey Iron Foundry Company . 546
Machine Shops of the National Engineering Company. 548 Grinding Crank Shafts, National Engineering Company. 549 551
Ilermann Werner
Machine Shops of Werner & Pfleiderer. 552
The New Foundry and Pattern Shop. Werner & Pfleiderer Company 553
Interior of New Foundry of Werner & Pfleiderer Company. 554
Universal Kneading and Mixing Machines .. 555
Machinery and Ovens Used in Baking and Macaroni Industries. 556
Emil Staehle 557
New Foundry of S. Fair & Son, luc. . 559
560
Electric Furnace at S. Fair & Son, Inc. 562 and 563
The Mammoth Plant of the Saginaw Plate Glass Company ..
Original Plant of the United States Graphite Company 564
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