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MH 0751 1895 S814
ARTES
SCIENTIA
LIBRARY VERITAS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
TUEBOR
THE GIFT OF Prof. F. Leverett
WITHDRAWN
NEW
freetory
RAND
TRAVERSE
e
6
County
MICHIGAN.
DRAWINGS, DESCRIPTIVE TEXT &c. BY HON. GEORGE E. STEELE, ASSISTED BY MR. CHAS. M. BEERS.
ENGRAVING, PRINTING, COLORING & BINDING BY E.P.NOLL & Co. Philadelphia. SPECIAL MAPS BY RAND, MCNALLY & Co. Chicago.
1895
SEYMOUR E. POND & CO. PUBLISHERS, TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN.
Prof. F. Leverett 8/8-1940
PREFACE.
T HE work of compiling the New Atlas of Grand Traverse County was commenced early in June, 1894. At the outset, the publishers determined to make as good an Atlas as could be made for the price charged, and, accordingly, entered into an arrangement with the Hon. George E. Steele, whereby that gentleman undertook to furnish drawings of the several township and village plats, together with certain historical and descriptive matter; while to Mr. Charles M. Beers was assigned the building of directory and advertising pages. Later, contracts were made with Messrs. E. P. Noll & Co., Philadelphia, for materials, engraving, printing and binding, and with Messrs. Rand, McNally & Co., Chicago, for special maps. How well each has succeeded is now a matter of record, and the work as a whole is issued to its subscribers without apology.
In conclusion, we wish to express our thanks to Hon. Perry Hannah, Mr. Thos. T. Bates, and the members of the 1894-95 Board of Supervisors, for advice and assistance, without which this work could not have been as successfully carried through, as satisfactory to the public, or
TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.,
THE PUBLISHERS.
May 1, 1895.
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT.
PAGE
Title page, .
Preface, 3
Table of Contents,
4
Population of Grand Traverse County, 5
Distance Table,
6
Map of Grand Traverse County,
8-9
Historical and Descriptive Notes,
II-16
Directory of Resident Property Owners, 17-24
Business Cards, 25-32
Government Surveys,
34-35
Township and Village Plats,
36-85
viz .: Whitewater, 36-37
Williamsburg Village,
39
Acme,
42-43
East Bay,
46-47
Peninsula,
50-51
lacking Traverse and Traverse City,
54-55
Garfield,
58-59
Long Lake,
61
Green Lake,
63
Grawn (Blackwood),
67
Paradise,
70-71
Kingsley Village,
74-75
Union,
77
Fife Lake
79
Fife Lake Village, .
80-8 1
Mayfield,
83
Grant, 85
Special Maps, Notes, Statistics, etc., 87-91
viz .: Michigan (Upper Peninsula), 88
(Lower Peninsula), 89
United States, Canada and Mexico, 90
The World, 91
Addenda,
93-IIO
Blair, 65
I
4
POPULATION OF GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY BY TOWNSHIPS.
1894
1890
1880
Acme,
726
East Bay,
485
1,018
672
Blair, .
888
676
544
Fife Lake,
1,066
810
962
Garfield,
974
843
Grant,
539
498
525
Green Lake,
492
371
Long Lake,
644
492
455
Mayfield,
666
560
453
Paradise,
1,469
1,357
556
Peninsula,
1,148
957
849
Traverse,
7,378
4,833
2,663
Union,
193
148
Whitewater,
969
792
735
Totals,
17,637
13,355
8,414
5
DISTANCES FROM
TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN
MILES
MILES
To Acme, 7
To Leeland,
20
Bartletts P. O., I6
Long Lake (Neal P.O.), 8
Bates,
IO
Mapleton, . I 2
Beitners Station,
6
Monroe Center,
I 2
Bingham,
9
Ne-ah-ta-wan-ta, 14
Bowers Harbor, .
I 2
Northport, 30
East Bay (Mitchells), 3
Old Mission, 18
Edgewood, . 3
Omena, .
25
Elk Rapids, 18
Slights, 8
Empire,
25
Summit City, . 19
Fife Lake, 2I
Suttons Bay, 20
Fouch's (Carp Lake), 6
Traverse Beach, 4
Glen Haven, . 28
Walton, 25
Grawn,
9
Wexford,
20
Keystone,
5
Williamsburgh I2
Kingsley, 16
Lake Ann, 16
Yuba,
II
6
9
OUTLINE MAP
GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY
MICHIGAN. Scale 2 Miles to 1- Inch.
T30 N
26 1
CO
129
BAY
RAPIDS
LEELANAW
EAST
7
Ingell
BRANC
P
Yuba
/T. 28-N.
RAPIDS
26
25
5
4
Cedar Run
2
RSE
Mitchell's
Station
17
14
13
R
(19
23
20
02
24
18
22
28
26
25
30
29
28
27
26
25
32
35
33
37
32
36
32
33
36
3
5
6
1
Beitner's
B
10
11
7
10
91
leiphts
AFIELD
48
16
18
17
16
13
E EIN
E
23
19
,27
19
20
22
25
24
20
22
24
30
25
30
2
25
30
29
25
30
29
28
26
25
31
95.
Monroe Center 31 92
34
35
36
31
34
37
33
36
BENZIE
1
9
12
7
9
10
12
18
16
15
*
13
18 Bartlett 17
16
15
18
16
15°
14
13
18
17
16
15
G
R 21
AN
T
M
"25
24
19
20
21
22
L D /23
21 Summit City 20
* 19
21
30
29
28
27
26
25
30
27
26
30
29
28
27
26
25
30
28
26
.25
3
32
33
34
35
36
31
32
84
35
31.
32
33
35
36
31
3
43
36
R. 12 W.
R.11 W.
R.10 W.
EXPLANATION
COUNTY
Highways Railroads-
WEXFORD
KALKASKA
20
22
20
F
IF
F
L 22
A
KE
T.25 N.
24
Walton
33
Wexford
FR.9 W.
COUNT
Williamsous
2
Neal
13
18
152
COUNTY
terlachen
14
18
B
T. 26 N.
19
20
24
6
5.
#Hannah
6
3
4
S
2
King spay
Hodges
1
8
9
Fife Lake
E
S
BAY
34
31
35
4
Keystone
3
36
Y
RACme P
P.0
tesi
B
BOWENS HABROR
VANTRIM CO.
LAKE
Greilicks
26
25
T.27 N
28
30
Mayfield
26
27
a
35
8
TY &ARADI 1.00
Twin Mountain
AYF
I E
Crawn
24
4
OF
8
34
GRAND TRAVERSE REGION
HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE
BY GEORGE E. STEELE
The designation of the northwestern part of the lower peninsula of Michigan by the term "Grand Traverse Region " is necessarily somewhat indefinite ; but if one is at all conversant with Grand Traverse and Little Traverse Bays, the name is sug- gestive at once. It will apply very well to all the region opposite and bordering on Lake Michigan, as in Benzie County, in which the peculiar climatic conditions of the whole region predominate. It is partly for the purpose of referring to these conditions that this chapter appears, as well as to introduce some of the earliest history of the region.
By referring to the atlas it will be seen that this part of the State has many large bays, lakes, harbors and water-courses, which, with the great body of water adjacent in Lake Michigan, operate upon the air currents, diverting and warming them, thus producing altogether different conditions from those far inland, even in the same latitude.
Lake Michigan flows northward with a strong current at times, and in a calm with enough current between the Manitou Islands and the main shore to move a vessel.
NOTE .- Lake Michigan is the third in size of the five great fresh-water lakes of North America, and the only one lying wholly in the United States, having Michigan on the north and east, and Wisconsin on the west. It is about 335 miles long, and from 50 to 88 broad, the mean depth is 325 feet, the maxi- mum 870, and the elevation 582 feet above the sea-level.
Grand Traverse Bay is also very deep in some places be- tween Elk Rapids and Old Mission, reaching 618 feet. There is also a very strong current in this bay, at times sufficient to carry large logs and other floatage to windward.
These deep waters becoming once warmed, part with their heat slowly, thus warming the air long after the interior or southern counties have been frosted. The results prove most favorable in the production of fine fruits and other crops.
This modification and softening of the air currents produces an isotherm of places much more southerly, and is a surprise to those not before acquainted with it. The opposite effect is noticed in the spring, when the large bays and lakes are covered with ice, thus cooling the air and actually retarding vegetation to its ultimate protection against untimely frosts.
The map cannot show the ups and downs of the surface configuration. Speaking generally, it is bold and high; the streams have rapid currents dropping to the lake-levels. Some terraces are found, as at Traverse City, indicating a dropping away of the lakes. Passing these the elevations reach 300 feet near Silver Lake, 500 feet in Leelanaw and Benzie, and some 700 feet in Eastern Antrim.
The views are magnificent; the bold, blue outlines of the distant highlands setting forth the crystal waters with grand effect. Prof. Winchell, thirty years ago, described one view thus : " From the bluff on which the seminary of New Mission stands, the beholder has an exquisite view of Grand Traverse Bay, with its eastern and western arms dissolving in smoke in the dim distance and the broad lake seen through the mouth of the bay, sinking beneath the northern horizon. An emerald fringe of the forest skirts the opposite shore; the softened out- lines of the peninsula emerge from the misty embrace of the two arms of the bay, and all around the frame-work of this scene loom from the background the purple hill-tops, looking perpetu- ally down upon the picture." And again, "From the foot of Pine Lake another scene of surpassing loveliness presents itself. We land at the wharf at Pine River (Charlevoix). Before us is the settlement ; beyond the forest. We follow the well-beaten road through the clearings which stretch out for two miles inland, and on emerging from a screen of forest trees find ourselves
standing upon an elevated bluff overlooking as lovely a sheet of water as the sun ever shone upon. You feel almost a trans- port of delight in emerging so suddenly from the depths of the forest into a prospect so vast, so gentle in its features, so delicate in its tints and so glowing in the sunshine of a fair October morning."
Thousands come every season to enjoy the fresh air and lovely scenes of the far-famed Grand Traverse Region.
IMPROVED CONDITIONS.
The region has many fine farms, great orchards, roads in every direction, railroads, towns, churches, schools, factories, furnaces and enterprising newspapers.
What was it before all these came in their order? Whose hands and brain guided each event to form the united whole? The limits of this chapter will not admit the names of all who have with undaunted purpose transformed the wilderness and made it fruitful; who in the far-away cabin have subsisted on rough fare while the forest was felled, the roads made, the school- house erected, the town organized. We who enjoy all these as a matter of course, as though they must have been from the beginning especially for our delectation, are apt to forget what preceded.
The oldest English settlement in America was founded at Jamestown, Va., in 1607. Quebec was founded in 1608, and from there and from Montreal were sent forth expeditions, led by the French, to trade and establish the religion of the Roman Catholic Church among the Indian tribes of the remote regions from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. Naturally enough tak- ing the channel of the " great waters," as affording the best and only means of communication, they came to what is now Detroit, Mackinac, the Sault and later reached the "great river." In 1641 Father Charles Raymbault and Isaac Jogues visited the Chippewas at the Sault and established a mission among them. Raymbault died soon after and the enterprise was abandoned. This was the first visit of white men to this region.
The first permanent settlement on the soil of Michigan was made by the illustrious Father Marquette, who arrived at the Sault in 1668. The following year he was joined by Father Dablon and a church was soon built. Marquette made a settle- ment at St. Ignace in 1670, and, on returning from his exploring tour to the Mississippi, died on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, May 18, 1675. His remains were afterwards taken to St. Ignace and buried in a little vault in the middle of the chapel which he himself had constructed. The history of the Mission of St. Ignace after Marquette's death is, briefly, that for a quarter of a century it was really the centre of everything of interest in the then great wilderness of Michigan. It contained a garrison of 200 soldiers and about 60 houses. Six or seven thousand savages dwelt near by. There was a mission and college, and a succession of Jesuit priests. The town flourished until a dispute arose between Cadillac and the commander; the former repaired to France, where he was commissioned to establish Detroit, which he did in 1701. The French were now alive to the possession of new advantages, and La Salle, Hennepin and Charlevoix were its active representatives. From Charlevoix's description, the fort would seem to have been at St. Ignace in 1721, but in 1760 it is known to have been on the south side of the straits, on the present site of Mackinaw City, where it was occupied by the English, and where in 1763 was accomplished the terrible slaughter of the English, which formed a part of "Pontiac's Conspiracy." After a treaty with the Indians, it was again occupied, and on July 15, 1780, the troops were removed to Mackinac Island and the fort there completed in 1783. The
English held possession of the island until 1795, when they were compelled to give it up.
From the massacre of Mackinaw in 1763 to the War of 1812, the Traverse Region was not the theatre of any important events. The mission had been removed from St. Ignace to L'Arbre Croche (The Crooked Tree), or Middle Village, in Emmet County.
The Territory of Michigan was in a defenseless condition when the War of 1812 broke out. During the winter of 1814-15 peace was concluded, and in the spring the fort was evacuated by the English (who had joined with the Indians and recaptured it), and a company of American troops, under Col. Chambers, took peaceable possession. After Father Sonois left the mission at L'Arbre Croche, the Indians must have been left to themselves for a long time, but in 1825 the Catholics sent a missionary to reoccupy the field ; a church was built at Seven-Mile Point, and this, in 1827, was moved to Little Traverse (now Harbor Springs). About the same time a similar church was built at Cross Village, which, after long and faithful work, was abandoned in 1894, the Little Traverse church and school still continuing in great pros- perity. From 1805 to 1823 the Territorial government of Michigan was administered by the Governor and three Judges. In 1835 a Constitution was adopted, which was accepted by Congress June 15, 1836, and Michigan was admitted into the Union on certain con- ditions; these conditions were accepted December 15, 1836, and Michigan was formerly declared a State by Act of Congress, July 26, 1837. This gave a great impetus to the State, and the Region of Grand Traverse Bays had its full share. From 1838 to 1841 the United States surveyors were at work in every direc- tion, and these surveys and re-surveys following, continued up to 1856, giving opportunity for purchase and settlement.
The county of Mackinaw was organized by proclamation of Governor Cass, October 26, 1818, and included all the lower peninsula territory north of a line across the State, from what is now the south line of Manistee County.
The Legislature of 1840 divided this up into counties, giving them mostly Indian names, and attaching them to Mackinaw for judicial purposes.
GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY.
At first this county was called Omena, and was a part of Mackinaw, but was organized by act approved April 7, 1851, as Grand Traverse County. In the winter of 1853 a supplementary act provided for elections and organized the townships of Trav- erse, Peninsula, Antrim and Leelanaw (the latter including all of Leelanaw and Benzie).
The counties of Antrim, Kalkaska, Missaukee, Wexford, Manistee and Leelanaw were attached to Grand Traverse for judicial purposes. Kalkaska and Missaukee were attached to Antrim for township purposes, and Wexford County to Traverse Township. Thus Grand Traverse County became the centre and Traverse City the most convenient point to transact the county business.
But Traverse City was not first settled. In May, 1839, Rev. John Flemming and Rev. Peter Dougherty, missionaries of the Presbyterian Board, came from Mackinac, where they had spent the previous winter, to the Indian camp in the harbor now called "Old Mission." They found only one Indian in the village-the others being across the bay at Elk River, where the missionaries were persuaded to go and start a school. After the rough build- ing was up, the wife of Mr. Flemming died at Mackinac, where the bereaved husband went, but did not return. Mr. Dougherty was left the only white settler in the region. Soon after Mr.
=
Flemming's departure, Mr. Dougherty crossed the bay to Old | in the Grand Traverse Region until June, 1857. Rev. D. P. Mission, opening the school there.
In the fall of 1841, besides Indian wigwams, there were five buildings at the mission-the school-house and four dwellings. It was at this time that Joseph Dame and Lewis Miller arrived. Mrs. Dougherty had previously arrived. The names of Joseph Dame and Lewis Miller were henceforth inseparable from this region. Mr. Dame had the appointment of Indian farmer. With him were Mrs. Dame, their eldest son, Eusebius F., and two daughters, Mary and Almira; another daughter, Olive M., came the following year.
Lewis Miller, then seventeen years old, and the Dames were the first pupils of any school in this region, except the Catholic mission school at Little Traverse. Mr. Miller afterward did a good deal of trading, but one of his best bargains was to bring Miss Catharine Kiley from Mackinac as the first bride into the region, with the new name of Mrs. Lewis Miller. Their son, Henry L., was the first white child born in the Grand Traverse Region.
The school at Old Mission was broken up and the one at Mission Point, or New Mission, established about 1852. The first marriage between the whites of the region was Mr. Ansel Salisbury, of Wisconsin, to Miss Olive M. Dame, in the autumn of 1842. The same year the Indians on the peninsula, at the suggestion of Deacon Dame, sent to Green Bay for seed wheat, which was sown that season, being the first in the region. In 1847, the first operations were begun at the site of Traverse City. Mr. Horace Boardman built a saw-mill and block-house in June of that year; the mill was located on Mill Creek, west of the village, the block-house near the corner of what is now Board- man avenue and Eighth street. In May, 1850, the firm of Hannah, Lay & Co. was organized, and in 1851 they bought out Mr. Boardman, soon after building a steam-mill. Improvements began in earnest from that time. In 1852 the original plat of Traverse City was laid out by Thomas Whelpley, who was in the vicinity surveying for the Government.
NOTE .- Traverse City was incorporated as a village by Act of the Legislature in 1881, and on April 30, 1895, was incorporated as a city under a special charter.
The first white child born at Traverse City was Josephine, daughter of Michael Gay; the date being May 15, 1849. Mr. Gay came in charge of a vessel for Mr. Boardman in the mill enterprise. In mentioning the earliest settlers, we should say that in the winter of 1851, besides Gay's family, there were the families of John Lake, Henry Rutherford, Benjamin Austin, T. D. Hillery, Wm. Voice, Seth Norris, Robert Potts, - Barnes and - Lowery. The unmarried persons were: Henrietta Baxter (afterward Mrs. J. K. Gunton), Catherine Carmichael (afterward Mrs. H. D. Campbell), Dominic Dunn, Wm. Rennie, Cuyler Germaine, D. Carmichael, James K. Gunton, Richard Meagher, Francis Hannah, who was in charge for Hannah, Lay & Co., D. C. Curtis, Thomas Cutler and John B. Spencer. In 1852 there arrived John Garland, Henry D. Camp- bell, Thos. A. Hitchcock, R. McLellen, Hugh McGinnis (after- wards of Manistee), Dr. Chas, Holten, and in 1853, Dr. D. C. Goodale.
Only one public road, that from the head of the bay to Old Mission, had been opened. The inhabitants of each settlement, by voluntary contributions of labor, built the half of the road nearest to them. Up to 1853 the post-office at Old Mission was the only one in a vast region of country. In the winter of 1852-53, Mr. Lay, while in Washington, succeeded in getting one established at the new settlement. The name of the office at Old Mission was " Grand Traverse," and the new town had been called "Grand Traverse City," but to make the names more distinct the word " Grand " was dropped from the latter, and so came in use the name "Traverse City."
The mail was carried once a week, coming from Muskegon via Manistee; much of the way on the beach of Lake Michigan, following also the old trail from Herring Lake and Turtle Lake. This trail was cut out by Hugh McGinnis, who was carrier. Dr. Goodale was postmaster, and H. D. Campbell, assistant. In the Herald of January 4, 1867, we find " Gunton's stages left for Muskegon last Monday with seventeen passengers. * * * We received the Detroit Post by Gunton's Muskegon Express in four days from Detroit; this is unparalleled."
Rev. H. C. Scofield, a young Baptist minister, was the first minister to hold stated religious services at Traverse City. He preached a few times in 1853, and after that there were no stated religious meetings except at the Mission stations at any point | and fostering farming interests and the cultivation of fruit.
Latham began to preach regularly at Old Mission on June 21, 1857. The first class meeting was held on the 19th of July, and the first class organized on the following Sabbath. This was the first church organization for white people on Grand Traverse Bay. The first Sunday-school was organized the same day with Jerome M. Pratt, superintendent. The first Sunday- school in Traverse City was begun in June, 1853. It was under the supervision of Mr. Scofield, assisted by Mrs. Goodale.
The first week-day school in Traverse City was organized in 1853, and taught by Miss Helen Goodale, now Mrs. T. A. Hitchcock; in fact, this was the first school north of Manistee in the lower peninsula, except those connected with the Indian missions and one kept by Mr. S. E. Wait, on board the schooner Madeline. The Circuit Court of the new organization held its first session July 27, 1853, at the house of Thomas Cutler, now standing at the corner of Front and Union streets. The judge was Hon. Geo. Martin. The temporary seal used was the eagle side of the American half-dollar. The pine-tree seal was adopted later. The first session of the Board of Supervisors was a special one at the store of Cowles & Campbell, in Peninsula, on the 27th of July, 1853. There were present Robt. Campbell, of Peninsula; John S. Barker, of Antrim; and Wm. M. McKillip, of Traverse. After organizing, by electing Mr. McKillip chairman, and Mr. Campbell clerk, they adjourned to meet at the store of Hannah, Lay & Co., at Traverse City, the next day. On the second day Samuel G. Rice, of Leelanaw, was present. Manistee not repre- sented.
NEWSPAPERS.
To locate a newspaper at or near Traverse City about 1858, when no means existed of getting the news except by the water- route, or a slow-mail service, would seem to be a poor business venture. The first number of the Grand Traverse Herald made its appearance November 3, 1858, with Morgan Bates, editor and proprietor. Mr. Bates was a man of strong convictions, an earnest advocate of the rights of the oppressed, a man of expe- rience and travel, energetic and undaunted. He knew the region would support at least one good paper, and he made the Herald from the first, clean, bright and progressive. The whole region was greatly benefited and extensively advertised in this manner, and Mr. Bates lived to enjoy the fruit of his labor, both in the good things about him and in the esteem of his fellow-citizens. His death occurred March 2, 1874. The paper was sold to D. C. Leach, December, 1867, and published by him until May, 1876, when it passed into the hands of the present owner, Thomas T. Bates. The Herald was the first newspaper in Northwestern Michigan.
The Traverse Bay Eagle was the second newspaper pub- lished in the lower peninsula north of Big Rapids and Manistee. The present editor and proprietor, E. L. Sprague, started it at Elk Rapids in March, 1864, under the name of the Elk Rapids Eagle. Mr. James Spencer was at one time part owner, as was also Lyman G. Wilcox. The paper was removed to Traverse City in the fall of 1869, and is still in successful operation. Its files show much of advancement, both for the owner and the region about. Two papers of more recent date, are: The Traverse City Transcript, published by The Transcript Publishing Co., A. P. Hough, editor ; and The Fife Lake Monitor, published at Fife Lake by J. M. Terwilliger, editor and proprietor.
ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIPS.
Traverse
1853 by Legislature.
Peninsula
1853
Legislature.
Whitewater
October, 1859,
Supervisors.
Grant
October, 1866,
Supervisors.
Mayfield.
November, 1867,
Supervisors.
East Bay
. January, 1867, Supervisors.
Long Lake.
. January, 1867,
Supervisors.
Blair
April, 1867,
Supervisors.
Paradise.
April, 1870,
Supervisors.
Fife Lake
.April, 1873,
Supervisors.
Union
October, 1884,
Supervisors.
Garfield ..
.January, 1882, Supervisors.
Green Lake
.January, 1883,
Supervisors.
Acme ..
.January, 1891,
Supervisors.
The Grand Traverse Agricultural Society was organized in 1878, following the old Union Society, which had been in exist- ence some ten years, and forty acres of land purchased. The influence of this Fair has been decidedly beneficial in stimulating
RAILROADS.
The first railroad to reach Traverse City was the branch of the G. R. & I., organized as the " Traverse City Railroad," run- ning southeast 26 miles to Walton Junction. This line was completed November 15, 1872, and at 10 o'clock that evening the first train arrived.
The next railroad to reach Traverse City was the Chicago and West Michigan, which was extended from Baldwin, a distance of 75 miles, in 1890. This road was further extended in 1892 to Bay View, 78 miles, and Elk Rapids (from Williamsburg), 9 miles. In 1891 the Manistee and Northeastern was com- pleted from Manistee, a distance of 70 miles.
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