USA > Michigan > St Clair County > St. Clair County, Michigan, its history and its people; a narrative account of its historical progress and its principal interests, Vol. I > Part 1
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NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 08192251 4
IV
St. Clai
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Microsoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/stclaircountymic00jenk
Donated to The Citizens Historical Association
in memory of my father Archibald MyHair Who perished in ship wreck with all of board of the Steamer "Nashua" on October 42 1892
1
ST. CLAIR COUNTY
MICHIGAN
ITS HISTORY AND ITS PEOPLE
A Narrative Account of its Historical Progress and its Principal Interests
BY
WILLIAM LEE JENKS 1
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
PUBLISHERS : THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 1912 MRS
THIS IS THE PROPERTY OF Citizens Historical Association CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BLDG.
PUBLIC LIBRARY
596033B ١٠
LL
PREFACE
The preparation of this work has proved a pleasant and interesting task, but more difficult in some respects than was anticipated. I realized the among the most valuable qualities of such a work, were accuracy and reliability, and have spared no pains to obtain them, by going to original sources in every case where that was possible, and consulting all official records and papers accessable. Unfortunately, such records in this county are lamentably deficient in the earlier and even later days. County, city, village and township records are often entirely lacking for periods of years. Public authorities have generally failed to realize the importance of preserving evidence of official action, and it is only in recent years, when interest has come with relation to the pioneer times and early settlement, that the importance of these early records has been appreciated. As illustrations, the proceedings of the Board of Educa- tion of Port Huron, prior to 1875 cannot be found, and a few years ago a thrifty county clerk sold for waste paper a considerable amount of the oldest files and records of the county. Fortunately before they were destroyed, most of them were recovered, but large gaps must now exist forever covering that period.
In addition to the official records, the papers and documents of the St. Clair County Pioneer Society have been consulted, and many of the older citizens still living called upon, and endeavor has been made to cheek from official data all recollections.
I am under obligations to a large number of friends who have been helpful in suggestion and information, and I owe especial thanks to Mr. C. M. Burton of Detroit, who has generously thrown open for use his splendid library of books and manuscripts relating to early Michigan; to Senator Thomas W. Palmer of Detroit, for gifts of books and papers and access to others of his father relating to the early history of St. Clair; to Miss Anna Brakeman, who has a remarkably well stored and retentive memory regarding many of the old families of the county ; to Mr. W. R. Chadwick of Port Huron, for most valuable aid in relation to marine matters; to Mrs. Lucy Vance of St. Clair for her recollections of early days in that locality.
It is too much to hope that a work of this kind ean eseape errors in names and dates, although extreme care has been used in all cases to obtain accuracy in them. Many interesting subjects relating to the early history of the county have been left untonehed, but I trust that the work in its present condition will be found a valuable addition to the history of this portion of Michigan.
W. L. JENKS.
iii
Southern Book Co- June 25
Z
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
FRENCH CONTROL OF GREAT LAKES REGION-ENGLISH-IROQUOIS ALLI- ANCE-ENGLAND SUPPLANTS FRANCE-AMERICAN GOVERNMENT ES- TABLISHED-TERRITORY OF MICHIGAN CREATED-INDIAN TITLES Ex- TINGUISHED-NATURAL RICHES FINALLY RECOGNIZED-MICHIGAN BECOMES A STATE-PROGRESS UNDER STATEHOOD. 1
CHAPTER II EARLY MAPS AND DESCRIPTIONS
THE GALLINEE MAP-LA SALLE-HENNEPIN VOYAGE AND NARRATIVE- LAHONTAN AND CADILLAC-GEOGRAPHER TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-DELISLE, POPPLE AND OTHERS-FIRST AMERICAN GEOG- RAPHY-EMIGRANT'S DIRECTORY-SCHOOLCRAFT ON THE ST. CLAIR REGION. 9
CHAPTER III BOUNDARIES AND NAME
LIMITS OF ORIGINAL COUNTY-INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY COMPLICATIONS -ST. CLAIR COUNTY REDUCED-ORIGIN OF NAME. 16
CHAPTER IV COUNTY GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
STREAMS AND DRAINAGE-GLACIAL AND GEOLOGICAL ACTION -- KNOWL- EDGE DERIVED FROM DRILLINGS-ST. CLAIR FLATS AND RIVER-IM- PROVEMENTS OF RIVER CHANNELS. 25
V
vi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER V
FLORA OF THE COUNTY
BEFORE THE PALE FACE CAME-THE AGGRESSIVE, DISTURBING WHITE MAN-PRIMITIVE LANDSCAPE VIEW-NATURAL GROWTH SWEPT AWAY-FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR PLANT LIFE-ALLEGHANIAN FAUNAL AREA-SPECIAL PLANT SPECIES-PLANTING OF NATIVE TREES -PROPOSED PUBLIC RESERVATION. 30
CHAPTER VI
OUR FIRST FAMILIES-THE INDIANS
THE ALGONQUIN FAMILY-THE IROQUOIS AND HURONS-THE "NEU- TRALS" DESTROYED-INDIANS OF THE ST. CLAIR REGION-INDIAN RESERVATIONS AND LEADERS-MOUND BUILDERS AND MOUNDS. 42
CHAPTER VII SOURCES OF LAND TITLES
THE IROQUOIS TITLE-QUEBEC-COLONIAL CLAIMS-INDIAN TREATIES AF- FECTING THE COUNTY-REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENT JOUETT AND JUDGE WOODWARD-CONGRESSIONAL REGULATION OF TITLES-LAND CLAIMS IN THE COUNTY-LANDS IN ST. CLAIR RIVER AND LAKE-SURVEY INTO TOWNSHIPS-PUBLIC AND SCHOOL LANDS-RAILROAD LANDS-INDIAN RESERVATION LANDS-SWAMP LANDS-ST. CLAIR FLATS. 59
CHAPTER VIII
ST. CLAIR COUNTY UNDER THREE FLAGS
FRENCH FORTIFIED POST UNDER DULUTH-FORT ST. JOSEPH-FORT ABANDONED BY LAHONTAN-SKETCH OF DULUTH-THE ENGLISH FORT SINCLAIR-PATRICK SINCLAIR-THE AMERICAN FORT GRATIOT -CHARLES GRATIOT-TEMPORARILY ABANDONED-SUCCESSIVE COM- MANDANTS-CHOLERA AT THE FORT-FINALLY ABANDONED (1879). 87
CHAPTER IX EARLY GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTY
FIRST COUNTY COMMISSIONERS-FIRST COMMISSIONERS' MEETING-JAIL BUILT-THREE ROAD DISTRICTS CREATED-SAMUEL WARD-JUDGE GEORGE A. O'KEEFE-JUDGE Z. W. BUNCE-EXTRAVAGANT COMMIS -.
Vii
CONTENTS
SIONERS-MISCELLANEOUS COUNTY LEGISLATION (1824-1827)-BOARD OF SUPERVISORS CREATED-SINCLAIR BECOMES ST. CLAIR-STATUS OF COUNTY BUILDINGS (1827-8)-PLAINFIELD TOWNSHIP CHANGED TO CLAY-FIRST BRIDGES BUILT-RALPH WADHAMS-SIX SUPERVISORS IN 1836-PINE RIVER BRIDGE AT ST. CLAIR-BELLE RIVER BRIDGE AT NEWPORT -- COURT HOUSE IMPROVEMENTS. 106
CHAPTER X IN THE EARLY DAYS
THE HOUSE AND HOUSE RAISING-THE SIMPLE, HOSPITABLE LIFE-ST.
. CLAIR COUNTY IN 1820-ASSESSMENT ROLL FOR 1821-ST. CLAIR IN 1821-1830-EARLY PORT HURON-FROM 1830 TO 1835-EARLY MARINE CITY. 128
CHAPTER XI REMINISCENCES OF THREE PIONEERS
INDIANS APPEAR WITH SCALPS-THREATEN TO KILL FAMILY-HOW A WOMAN TRAVELED-NANCY BROWN BECOMES MRS. BRAKEMAN- CHOLERA AT FORT GRATIOT-PORT HURON IN 1836-CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS -- INDIAN MEDICINE DANCE AND FEAST-ST. CLAIR IN 1830- LUCY COX MARRIES MR. VANCE-CAPT. ANDREW WESTBROOK --- THE ST. CLAIR REGION IN 1815-THE COTTRELLS-JOHN K. SMITH-DR. HARMON CHAMBERLAIN-JUDGE BUNCE AND CAPT. AINSWORTH- JACOB PEER-JACOB KENDALL,-THE HARSENS-THE WARDS-LAW- YER O'KEEFE-THE OLD COUNTY SEAT-PIONEER STEAMBOATS- INCIDENTS OF WAR OF 1812-FIRST VISITING MINISTER-BRITON VS. YANKEE-ANOTHER INDIAN STORY-THE HARSENS AGAIN. 148
CHAPTER XII MILITARY
TERRITORIAL MILITIA-THREATENED INDIAN OUTBREAK-PORT HURON GUARDS (STATE ORGANIZATION )-MEXICAN WAR TROOPS-TIIE CIVIL WAR-PORT HURON GUARDS REVIVED-SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR- MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD-COMPANY F (OLD PORT HURON GUARDS) 179
CHAPTER XIII COURTS AND BAR
SUPREME AND COUNTY COURTS-JUSTICES AND PROBATE COURTS-JUDGE JAMES FULTON-FIRST ACTING SHERIFF-MAJOR JOIIN THORN ---
viii
CONTENTS
CIRCUIT COURTS CREATED-COUNTY COURT RE-ESTABLISHED-FIRST SESSION OF CIRCUIT COURT-COUNTY COURT ABOLISHED-FIRST CIR- CUIT COURT CASE-ADMITTED TO THE BAR-LAST TERRITORIAL COURT -FIRST STATE CIRCUIT COURT-COUNTY COURTS AGAIN ESTABLISHED AND ABOLISHED-JUDGES COPELAND AND GREEN-OTHER JUDGES- PROBATE COURTS-THE BAR OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 188
CHAPTER XIV
LOCATION AND REMOVAL OF COUNTY SEAT
JAMES FULTON GETS ST. CLAIR ACCEPTED-COUNTY OF ST. CLAIR ORGAN- IZED-PROPOSED REMOVAL FROM ST. CLAIR TOWN-FULTON DEFAULTS ON ERECTION OF COUNTY BUILDINGS-PORT HURON A COUNTY SEAT CANDIDATE-REMOVAL INDORSED BY SUPERVISORS AND PEOPLE-ST. CLAIR SUSTAINED BY SUPREME COURT-"SMITH'S CREEK" SELECTED- SUPERVISORS AND PEOPLE AGAIN DECIDE FOR PORT HURON-ST. CLAIR AGAIN APPEALS TO THE COURTS-SUPREME COURT SUSTAINS PORT HURON-OFFICIAL ACCOMMODATIONS. 209
CHAPTER XV TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION
THREE ROAD DISTRICTS ERECTED INTO TOWNSHIPS-SINCLAIR AND DES- MOND TOWNSHIPS-BERLIN TOWNSHIP-BROCKWAY-BURTCHVILLE- CASCO-CHINA- CLAY-CLYDE- COLUMBUS- COTTRELLVILLE- EAST CHINA - EMMET - FORT GRATIOT - GRANT - GREENWOOD - IRA - KENOCKEE-KIMBALL-LYNN- MUSSEY-PORT HURON- RILEY-ST. 226 CLAIR-WALES.
CHAPTER XVI CITIES AND VILLAGES
TOWN OF ST. CLAIR-MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS AND PLATS-CITY OF PORT HURON-ST. CLAIR-MARINE CITY-YALE-FORT GRATIOT- ALGONAC-CAPAC-MEMPHIS-NEW BALTIMORE. 251
CHAPTER XVII
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
PIONEERS' PASSION FOR EDUCATION-GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTY SYSTEM-EARLY TEACHERS AND SCHOOL HOUSES-PORT HURON SCHOOLS-SCHOOLS CONSOLIDATED-PUBLIC EDUCATION AT ST. CLAIR -THE THOMPSON ACADEMY-SOMERVILLE SCHOOL-LIBRARIES-PORT HURON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 269
ix
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XVIII
THE PRESS OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY
FIRST TERRITORIAL PAPER-MICHIGAN'S EARLIEST NEWSPAPERS-THIE "ST. CLAIR WHIG"-"LAKE HURON (PORT HURON) OBSERVER"-"ST. CLAIR BANNER" AND ITS SUCCESSORS-"PORT HURON COMMERCIAL" -"ST. CLAIR REPUBLICAN"-"ST. CLAIR COUNTY PRESS"-"PORT HURON PRESS"-"PORT HURON TIMES"-SHORT-LIVED PORT HURON PAPERS-MARINE CITY PAPERS-CAPAC NEWSPAPERS-BROCKWAY CENTRE AND YALE-MEMPHIS JOURNALISM-ALGONAC NEWSPAPERS- "FORT GRATIOT SUN"-THE "POSTMASTER EVERYWHERE" AND ITS PUBLISHER-"SUNDAY HERALD"-GERMAN JOURNALISM IN PORT HURON-FRATERNAL SOCIETY JOURNALS-MONTHLY PUBLICATIONS- HIEL B. BUCKERIDGE'S PAPERS-"PORT HURON DAILY HERALD"- "PORT HURON TIMES-HERALD" -- PERIODICALS OF 1911. 280
CHAPTER XIX
THE COUNTY CELEBRITIES
THOMAS A. EDISON-OMAR D. CONGER, UNITED STATES SENATOR-THE WARD FAMILY-METTA VICTORIA AND FRANCES AURETTA FULLER- THOMPSON JAY HUDSON-STANLEY WATERLOO-JEREMIAH WHIPPLE JENKS-OTHER CELEBRITIES. 300
CHAPTER XX RELIGIOUS HISTORY
FIRST TWO CHURCH BUILDINGS-HOW THE M. E. CHURCH WAS BUILT -A UNION CHURCH-PORT HURON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-PRO- TESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH-FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH-METHODISTS IN THE COUNTY-BAPTIST CHURCH OF ST. CLAIR-EPISCOPAL CHURCH -ST. CLAIR M. E. CHURCH-UNIVERSALIST CHURCH-MARINE CITY CHURCHES-THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE COUNTY. 312
CHAPTER XXI
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
MICHIGAN MEDICAL SOCIETY-MEDICAL SOCIETY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY- NORTHEASTERN DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY-ST. CLAIR, SANILAC AND LAPEER MEDICAL SOCIETY-MICHIGAN STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY -PORT HURON ACADEMY OF MEDICINE-ST. CLAIR COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY-MEDICAL MEN OF THE EARLY DAYS (1820-1860)-DRS. HARMON CHAMBERLAIN, AMASA HEMENGER, JOHN S. HEATH, NOR-
x
CONTENTS
MAN NASH, JOHN B. CHAMBERLAIN, ALONZO E. NOBLE, ALFRED E. FECHET, LEONARD B. PARKER, JOHN T. TRAVERS, CHARLES M. ZEH, CYRUS M. STOCKWELL, DANIEL H. COLE, GEORGE L. CORNELL, GEORGE B. WILLSON, FREDERICK FINSTER AND OTHERS. 332
CHAPTER XXII
THE FRATERNAL SOCIETIES
EARLY HISTORY-FIRST FRATERNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES-FRATER- NAL BENEFICIARY SOCIETIES-EFFECT ON CIVIL LIFE AND ECONOMICS- DEVELOPMENT TOWARD SAFETY-FIRST ORDERS IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY -FIRST FRATERNAL BENEFICIARY SOCIETY-BIRTHPLACE OF THE MAC- CABEE ORDERS-LATER HISTORY OF FRATERNAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES. 350
CHAPTER XXIII
NATURAL RESOURCES
WHITE PINE AND EARLY FRENCH SAW MILLS-OTHER PIONEER MILLS- THE HOWARD AND SANBORN MILLS-THE BROWNING MILL-FIRST STEAM SAW MILL-WESLEY TRUESDAIL-A SECOND STEAM SAW MILL HARDWOOD TIMBER MILLS-SALT AND ITS MANUFACTURE-FISHING 362 INDUSTRIES.
CHAPTER XXIV
AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK
CHANGE FROM TIMBER TO FARMING LANDS-GREAT HAY COUNTRY-BEANS, SUGAR BEETS AND ALFALFA-FARMERS' CLUBS-THE FARMERS' IN- STITUTE-PROGRESSIVE FARMERS-LIVE STOCK. 379
CHAPTER XXV TRANSPORTATION
EARLY ROAD SUPERVISORS-FIRST HIGHWAYS IN COUNTY-NEW ROAD SYSTEM (1827)-THE MILITARY ROAD-STATE ROADS-TOLL ROADS- RAILROADS-WILLIAM L. BANCROFT-ST. CLAIR TUNNEL-PERE MAR- QUETTE RAILWAY-PORT HURON SOUTHERN-RAPID RAILWAY-PAPER RAILROADS-CITY STREET CAR LINES-RIVER BOAT LINES-FERRIES. 382
xi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXVI
SHIPPING
INDIAN AND FRENCH CRAFT-ENGLISH AND AMERICAN VESSELS-SHIF BUILDING IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY-PASSENGER TRAFFIC AND FREIGHT BUSINESS-BOATS BUILT IN MARINE CITY, PORT HURON, ST. CLAIR, ALGONAC, MARYSVILLE, LAKEPORT, FAIR HAVEN, FORT GRATIOT, BURTCHVILLE, CHINA, COTTRELLVILLE, HIERSON'S ISLE AND CLAY, AND ON ST. CLAIR RIVER AND SWAN CREEK. 402
CHAPTER XXVII NATIONAL INTERESTS
PROTECTION OF LAKE COMMERCE-EARLY LIGHT HOUSE KEEPERS-NEW LIGHT HOUSE-PRESENT STRUCTURE-KEEPERS FOR SEVENTY YEARS- POST OFFICES-CUSTOM HOUSE-LIFE SAVING STATION-GOVERN- MENT CANALS-GOVERNMENT BUILDING-BUSINESS OF DISTRICT. 417
CHAPTER XXVIII BANKS AND BANKING
BANK OF ST. CLAIR, PALMER-FIRST NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK-PORT HURON SAVINGS BANK-COMMERCIAL BANK-ST. CLAIR COUNTY SAV- INGS BANK-GERMAN AMERICAN SAVINGS BANK-COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS BANK-MARINE CITY BANKS-BANKS OF YALE-CAPAO- MEMPHIS-EMMET-AVOCA-THE FIGURES FOR FORTY YEARS. 426
CHAPTER XXIX
OFFICIAL AND STATISTICAL
ROSTER OF SHERIFFS-COUNTY CLERKS-COUNTY SURVEYORS-PROSE- CUTING ATTORNEYS-REGISTERS OF DEEDS-CIRCUIT COURT COMMIS- SIONERS-CORONERS- STATE LEGISLATORS- CONGRESSMEN- POPULA- TION OF COUNTY. 435
APPENDIX A APPENDIX B 483
443
INDEX
Abbottsford, 115, 236. Abernethy, James, 804. Abraham, Christian, 542. Acheson, Edward G. Jr., 762. Adair, 231. Adams, Frederick C., 541. Addison, William D., 783. "Agnes," 399.
Agriculture and live stock-Change from timber to farming lands, 379; Great hay country, 380; beans, sugar beets and alfalfa, 380 ; farmers' clubs, 380; the Farmers' Institute, 380 ; pro- gressive farmers, 380 ; live stock, 381. Ainsworth, Henry, 165. Air Line Company of Michigan, 395. Alexander, Abigail, 275.
Alfalfa, 380. Algonac, 109, 146, 164, 234, 421. Algonac and Point du Chene Company, 265.
"Algonac Courier," 298. "Algonac Eastern Breeze," 292. "Algonac Times-Courier." 292. Algonac village, 264. Algonquian family, 42. Allen, John B., 673.
Allenton, 229. Alvord, Benjamin, 102, 104.
Amerind, 42. Ames, Calvin, 257. Anchor Bay, 28. Anchorville, 243. Ancient Order of United Workmen, 352.
Anderson, James W., 101.
Anderson, Robert P., 543. Andreae, Edward, 261, 520. Andreae, Rudolph, 768. Andreae, William V., 261, 772.
Andreae, W. V. and Company, 433. Andrews, Floyd C., 268. Animikans (Nimekance), 48. Appendix, A 443. Appendix B, 483. Ardiel, Lancelot M., 525. "Argo," 171, 398. Ash, Charles W., 791. Ashley, Alfred, 267. Ashley, A. F., 256.
Ashley, George B., 685. Ashpole, George A., 289. Atkins, Allen B., 870. Atkins, Lewis, 676. Atkinson, John, 284.
Atkinson, O'Brien J., 200, 264, 278, 538. Aulls, James T., 275. Avery, Alexander, 357.
Avery, Joseph W., 202. Avery, Lincoln, 518. Avery, Newell, 257.
Avoca, 243.
Ayrault, Nicholas, 262, 318, 400.
Baby, Duperon, 71, 95.
Baby, James, 76.
Bacon, Henry M., 273.
Badin, Rev. S. T., 154, 327, 328.
Baggerly, H. C., 273.
Baird, John D., 662. Baird, Henry R., 688.
Baird, Robert B., 261, 746.
Baird, William, 318.
Baker, Frank, 760.
Baker, H. H., 755.
Baker, Joseph, 735.
Baker, Julius, 857.
Baker, Rowland G., 755.
Baker, S., & Son, 749.
Baldoon, 109. Baldwin, Martin L., 698.
Ballentine, Mrs. Caroline L., 276. Ballentine, Fred C., 659. Ballentine, Silas L., 588.
Bancroft, William L., 257, 283, 284. Bancroft, W. L., 428. Banks and banking-Bank of St. Clair, Palmer, 426; First National Ex- change Bank. 428; Johnson & Com- pany, 429; Port Huron Savings bank, 429; Commercial bank, 429; St. Clair County Savings bank. 430: German American Savings bank. 430 ; Commer- cial and Savings Bank, St. Clair, 431; Marine City banks, 431; Banks of Yale, 432 ; Capac, 433 ; Memphis, 433; Emmet, 433; Avoca, 433; the figures for forty years, 433; Bank of St. Clair, 426.
xiii
xiv
INDEX
Baraga, Frederick, 328.
Barber, Levi, 13S.
Bar of St. Clair County, 202.
Barnum, Hartson G., 824. Baron de Lahontan, 11.
Barron, Sarah. 274.
Barron, William B., 259.
Bartlett, Eugene 1., 267, 618.
Bassett, John F., 138.
Batchelor, Jacob F., 366, 369.
Bates, Frederick, 5.
Bay City, Caro & Port Huron Railroad Company, 396.
Bay City & Port Huron Railroad Com- pany, 396. Beans, 380.
Beard, Ai, 365.
Beard, David, 874.
Beard, Frank E., 534.
Beard, Fred A., 893.
Beardsley, Everett, 120, 13S.
Beaubien, Jean Marie, 70, 74, 75, 180.
Beauvin, Alexander, 76.
Beaver trade, ST.
Beavis, James E., 261.
Beazell, James H., 274.
Beebe, John L., 366.
"Bee Hive," 294, 29S.
Belknap, Julius, 259.
Bell, John J., 257. 816.
Bell, Theodore F. L., SS1. Bell, William, 343.
Belle Chasse, 14.
Belle river. 13, 25. 229, 233. 247, 422. Bellows, C. F., 273.
Bennett. Albert D .. 492.
Bennett, Lewis T .. 765. Berlin Township, 228.
Berville, 229. Berry, David C., 264.
"Big Swamp," 238.
Bigsby, Bernard, 273.
Bissell, Benjamin B., 286.
Bissell, B. B., 283.
Black, Clair R., 865.
Black, Edmund S., 733.
Black. John L., 202, 602.
Blackhawk War, 100. Blackney, Elmer T., 567.
Black river, 25, 47.
Black River Steam Mill. 143. Black River Steam Mill Company, 255. 368.
Blagborn, Fletcher, 261. Blodgett, Lavallette, 275. Blood, Fred. H., 259. Board of Commissioners, 70.
Boardman, George. 276.
Bonhomme, Francois, 97, 180.
Bonhomme. Pierre, 77, 96, 140. Bonner. Hugh, 805. Bottomley, Thomas H., 266. Boughton, Peter, 318. Boulvin, or Boilvin, Nicholas, 94. Boundaries, 16.
Bower, Andrew, 261. Bower, Emma E., 669. Bower, William A. J., 902.
Bowes. William R., 82. Boyce. J. J. & Co., 430.
Boyce, Samuel L., 257.
Boynton, Charles L., GOS.
Boynton, Nathan S., 257, 260, 287.
Boynton, N. S., 357, 359.
Brady, Hngh. 156. Brady Guards, 427.
Brakeman, Mr., 151, 156.
Brakeman, Nancy, 148.
Brakeman, Peter F., 271.
Brandimore, Pierre, 76.
Brenner. Henry, 707.
Bricker, Wesley C., 513.
Brindamour, Pierre, 130, 140.
British vessels, 403.
Brockway, 230. Brockway Center, 423.
Brockway township, 230.
Brokaw, E. V. W., 275.
Brooks. George, 369.
Brooks, and St. Clair, 373.
Brown. Captain, 153.
Brown, Alden, 860.
Brown, Elmer G., 572.
Brown, James, 261.
Brown. Jefferson G., 545.
Brown, S. B., 184.
Brown. William. 97, 148, 173. 180.
Brown's Hotel, or City Hotel, St. Clair, ( view ), 258.
Browning, Francis P., 271.
Bruin, Jolin, 604.
Brule. 2.
Brush, Brock E., 610.
Buckeridge, Hile B., 295.
Buel, Grover N., 184.
Buffington, Henry C., 287.
Bunce, 165.
Bunce, Joseph, P., 193.
Bunce, Zephaniah W. (portrait), 114.
Bunce, Z. W., 113, 150, 182, 188, 189, 201, 212. 372, 422.
Burbank. Sullivan, 99.
Burbank, William, 212.
Burch, Henry W., S68.
Burch, Ulysses G., 677.
Burk, Hiram, 267.
Burnham, Jock, 157.
Burnham, Jonathan, 139. Burns, Frances E., 669. Burt, Frank, 514. Burtch, Jonathan, 142, 230, 231, 255, 373.
Burtchville township, 230. Burtless, William E., 740. Burtis, John, 39S. Bush, H. T., 273. Butler, Charles, 255, 262.
Butler, William H .. 266. Butterfield, Durrell J., 745. Buyse. Theopholis, 329.
XV
INDEX
Cadillac, 11, 46. Cady, Burt D., 531. Cady, Daniel B., 197, 203. Cady, Loring E., 705. Cady, Mehitable E., 532. Cameron, Malcom, 401. Campbell, Elton J., SS6. Campbell, Reuben S., 270.
Campbell, William, 274. Campbell, W. J., 318.
Campfield, J. W., 143.
Canada, Michigan & Chicago Railway Company, 395.
Canan, John, 138, 259. Canfield, Arthur L., 200.
Cantine, Peter, 267.
Capac, 245, 423. "Capac Argus," 291. "Capac Journal," 291. Capac & Northern Railway Company, 396.
Capac Savings Bank, 433. Capac Village. 265.
Carleton. Chester, 274.
Carleton. Edmond, 124.
Carleton, Ezra C .. 257.
Carleton. George W., 259.
Carleton, Palmer S., 593.
Carleton, Roscoe C., 711.
Carlson, John, 268.
Carman, George W., 776.
Carpenter, Newton S., 184.
Cartier, 1. Casco township, 231. Casey, Silas, 104.
Cass, Gov., 99, 151.
Cass Guards, 184.
Cass, Lewis, 15, 16, 22.
Caswell, Henry A., 184.
Catholic Point, 145.
Catlin, W. C., 273. 275.
Cavanagh, William A., 566.
Chalmers, Thos., 318. Chamberlain, Dr., 138.
Chamberlain, H., 333.
Chamberlain, Hurmon, 118. 151, 165. 215, 259, 337. Chamberlain, John B., 339. Champlain, 1, 2, 3. Chapman, Albert J., 275. Chase, Orville A., 644.
Chase, Ralph P., 526. Chester, J. L., 570. Cholera at Fort Gratiot, 152. Cholera Epidemic, 100.
Chicago Detroit & Canada Grand Trunk Junction Railway Company, 392. Chicago & Lake Huron Railway Co., 395. Chicago & North-Eastern Railway Com- pany, 391.
Chicago, Saginaw & Canada Railroad Company, 392, 395. China township, 232. Chipman, Henry, 202.
Chippewas, 46. 47. Christie, Miles, 266. Church, Frank, 267. Churches (see religious history.) Chute, Wallace, 788.
Circuit courts. 193. 194, 195.
Cities and villages-Town of St. Clair, 251; municipal corporations and plats, 253; city of Port Huron, 253; St. Clair, 257: Marine City, 259; Yale, 261; Fort Gratiot, 262 ; Algonac, 264; Capae, 265; Emmet, 266; Mem- phis, 266; New Baltimore, 267. City Electric Railway, 395.
City Electric Railway Company, 398.
City hall and court house, Port Huron, (view), 252. City hall, Marine City. (view), 260. City Railway Company, 397.
Civil War, 185.
Civil War Soldiers, 443.
Clancy, C. C., 278, 336.
Clancy, Charles C., 624.
Clark, Elihu W., 557.
Clark, Elisha B., 3GS.
Clark. G. C., 256.
Clark. John, 171, 399.
Clarke, John, 231. 232. 793.
Clarke, John C., 270.
Clarke, Thomas B., 265.
Clay township. 121, 233.
Cleary, Mary E., 791.
Clongh, Ansel B., 261.
Clyde Mills, 235, 244.
Clyde Plank and Macadamized Road Company, 386.
Clyde township, 235.
Cobb, Captain. 95.
Coburn, David C., 267.
Coburn, F. D., 433.
Coddington, Stephen B., 266.
Coe, Alvin, 321.
Cogley, James, 266.
Cole. D. H., 334.
Cole. Daniel II., 346.
Cole, Lester D., 882.
Collver, Avanel C., 769.
Coltman, W. G., 323.
Columbus township, 236.
"Commercial Tribune," 285.
Company F, (old Port Huron Guards), 186. Comstock. Joseph B., 144.
Conat. Charles, 267. Conger, Omar D., 302.
Connecticut claim, 65.
Conroy, John B., 655.
Cook, James 1I., 142.
Cook, William H., SS3. Cooke, Thomas, 546.
Cooper. W. S .. 36.
Copeland, James T., 259.
Copeland, Joseph T., 198. Cornell, George L., 259, 346.
xvi
INDEX
Cottrell, David, 162.
Cottrell, George, 107, 162, 180.
Cottrell, George, Sr., 10S. 180. Cottrell, Henrietta D., 738. Cottrell, Henry. 113, 162.
Cottrell, John, 113. Cottrellville, 111. Cottrellville township, 237. Couden, H. N .. 325.
County buildings, 18, 27, 28, 119.
County celebrites-Thomas A. Edison, 300; United States Senator Conger, 302; the Ward family, 303; Emily Ward, 305; Metta Victoria and Fran- ces Auretta Fuller, 306; Thompson Jay Hudson, 306; Stanley Waterloo, 307 ; other celebrities, 309. County courts. 193. 194, 198.
County government (early -First com- missioners. 106 ; first commissioners' meeting, 110; jail built, 110; three road districts created, 111; Samuel Ward, 111; George A. Keefe, 113; Z. W. Bunce, 113; extravagant commis- sioners, 116; miscellaneous county legislation (1824-1827), 116; board of supervisors created, 118; Sinclair becomes St. Clair, 119; status of county buildings in 1827-8, 119 ; Plain- field township changed to Clay, 121; first bridges built. 122; Ralph Wad- hams, 123; six supervisors in 1836. 124; Pine river bridge at St. Clair. 125; Belle river bridge at Newport, 126; court house improvements, 126; assessment roll for 1821, 131.
County land claims, (1811), 70. County of Macomb, 22.
County seat contentions-James Fulton gets St. Clair accepted, 209; county of St. Clair organized, 211; proposed removal from St. Clair town. 212; Fulton defaults on erection of coun- ty buildings, 213; Port Huron a county seat candidate, 214; removal indorsed by supervisors and people, 216; court house, St. Clair, 1856, 218; Black river, looking west from Mili- tary street bridge (1863), 219; St. Clair sustained by supreme court,
220; "Smith's Creek." selected, 220; supervisors and people again de- cide for Port Huron, 222; St. Clair again appeals to the courts, 224; su- preme court sustains Port Huron, 225 ; official accommodations, 225. Coureurs de bois, SS.
Courts and bar-Supreme and county courts, 1SS; justices and probate courts, 189; James Fulton, 190; first acting sheriff, 191; John Thorn, 191; circuit courts created, 193; county courts, 193; first session of circuit court, 194; county court abolished,
194; circuit courts, 195; admitted to the bar, 195; last territorial court, 196; first state circuit court, 196; county courts, 198; other judges, 200; probate courts, 201.
Court House, 157.
Court House, (1856), St. Clair (view).
Cowan, Frank G., 674.
Cowles. Dempster T., 599.
Cox, Benjamin C., 159. 184, 202.
Cox, Lucy, 159.
Cox. (Mrs.) Ruby, 139, 157.
Craig. Michael L., 261.
Crawford, Alex. 273.
Crittenden, John J., 103, 540.
Crowell, Reuben, 347.
Crowley, Thomas, 266.
Cullinane, E. J. 330, 759.
Cumming, David, 529.
Cummings, Alexander, 99.
Cusick, C. S., 250.
Customs district of Port Huron, 424.
Custom house and post office in Port Huron. 425.
Cyrus Miles & Company, 42S.
"Daily News", 290.
"Daily Telegraph," 290.
"Daily Times," 2SS.
Dancey, John HI., 507.
Dane. William H., 842.
Danger, Thomas M., 36.
Daniels, Dan, 373.
Danielsen, Christian, 862.
D'Anville, 14.
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