USA > Michigan > Calhoun County > History of Calhoun county, Michigan : a narrative account of its historical progress, its people, and its principal interests, Volume I > Part 50
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Henry M. Dearing, long the trusted cashier and honored citizen, but by self-confession the .betrayer of the people's confidence, the mal- manipulator of their funds, and the violator of the Nation's laws, not only brought himself, but with him his own son, to serve a federal sen- tence behind prison bars.
Great as was the shock to the general public and severe as was the strain upon the finances of the people, it is due all to say that the other banks of the city felt the adverse wave of influence but a brief time. business revived with the coming of spring and the summer found the manufacturers, the merchants, the builders and the people generally busy and trying to forget the shadow that had so recently enveloped the fair name of our city. It still remains, however, that many indi- viduals will never be able to recover from their losses.
Albion's increase in population has been constant and healthy. The moral, religions, educational and business interests, upon which its
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present and future depend, have kept pace with its growth in popula- tion. In its material aspects, it is gratifying to note the many and in- creasing evidences of thrift and enterprise as seen in the growing number of new and beautiful homes, the well kept lawns with shrubbery and shade, its system of water works and sewage, its electric and gas lights, its increasing number of paved streets and extension of sidewalks.
In the seventy-six years since the first plot of Albion was made and recorded, many men and women have wrought faithfully and well for its upbuilding. The names of a few and the things they did or at- tempted to do have been noted elsewhere, but for this reason to infer there were not many others worthy of special mention would do great injustice. Augustus P. Gardiner, George N. Cady, Phineas Graves, Don C. Scranton, A. M. Fitch, Charles Dalrymple, Martin Haven, Samuel Irwin, John Fanning, Lewis R. Fisk, John Brown, Henry Crittenden and George Maher are a few among many who have helped to make Albion what it is and are gratefully remembered by the later genera- tion.
CHAPTER XXIV
CITY OF ALBION
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS (BY ADRIAN F. COOPER)-CITY OFFICIALS (1885- 1912)-ALBION PUBLIC SCHOOLS (BY W. J. McKONE)-THE PRESS OF ALBION (BY WILLIAM B. GILDART ) -ALBION POST OFFICE (BY A. D. BAUGHAM )-ALBION ATTORNEYS-CITY HOSPITAL (BY MRS. A. J. BROSSEAU)-BANKS AND BANKERS OF ALBION (BY ARTIIUR C. HUD- NUTT)-THE GALE MANUFACTURING COMPANY (BY L. E. WHITE)- ALBION MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY (BY RAYMOND H. GARDNER) -THE UNION STEEL SCREEN COMPANY (BY GEORGE E. DEAN )-THE COOK MANUFACTURING COMPANY (BY L. J. WOLCOTT )-NATIONAL SPRING AND WIRE COMPANY.
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS OF ALBION
By Adrian F. Cooper
The first public improvement of any magnitude undertaken by the city of Albion was the installation of a waterworks system. This improve- ment was begun in the year 1885, just as the village had risen to the dignity of a city. The original cost was $50,000, which sum was raised by bonding the city. This was afterwards found to be insufficient to com- plete the system, and an additional $5,000 was borrowed for that purpose. Since that time water mains have been added to the system until at the present time there is about twenty-three miles of water main, which has cost the city all told approximately $100,000. The pumping station is located on Cass street about one block east of Superior street, and pumps the water into a 132-foot standpipe, located in Washington park. The water supply of the city at present comes from three eight-inch artesian wells over a hundred feet deep, which flow into a 250,000-gallon rein- forced concrete reservoir which was constructed in the year 1909, to replace the old reservoir which was built of brick and had a capacity of about one-third of the present reservoir. The water supply of the city originally came from two six-inch wells, the casings of which became so decayed that at the time of the building of the new reservoir it was found necessary to plug them. The plant was originally operated by two steam pumps which were replaced in 1906 by a single-stage electric driven centrifugal pump operated by electric power furnished by the
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Commonwealth Power Company. In 1909 a two-stage electrie driven centrifugal pump was installed. The cost of pumping by electricity was found to be more economical than by steam, the present rate for current being one and a half cents per thousand gallons. The amount of water pumped varies according to the season ; the amounts for the first half of the year 1912 being as follows: January, 17,550,000 gallons ; February, 17,340,000 gallons ; March, 16,290,000 gallons; April, 13,850,000 gallons; May, 13,120,000 gallons; June, 18,300,000 gallons; July, 18,830,000 gal- lons ; August 19,930,000 gallons. The greatest number of gallons pumped in any one day was 1,020,000 on July 5, 1912.
The first bridges were of timber construction, but in 1900 a handsome double-areh bridge was built over the Kalamazoo river on Superior street in the block just north of Cass street, and in 1896 a triple-arch stone- faced concrete bridge was built on Cass street just east of Superior. At the time of the flood in the spring of 1907 most of the bridges in the city were swept away, and the double-arch brick and concrete Superior street bridge was destroyed. The old wooden bridges were replaced by rein- forced concrete structures with the exception of Superior street bridge just referred to which is built on heavy eonerete abutments with massive iron beams spanning the river. Owing to the great expense in building and keeping up bridges, the city has been unable to make the street improvements that otherwise would have been made.
Albion 's first pavement was laid in 1903, from the south line of Ash street along Superior street to the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, at a cost of $25,500. This pavement was made of asphalt blocks which did not prove very durable, and when the next paving was done in 1910, a Tarvia maeadam was tried on Superior street from Ash street to Irwin avenue. On either side of the macadam is a combination curb and gutter of concrete, and the street is provided with ample system of underground drainage. This was at a cost of $1.11 per square yard. In 1911 a solid conerete pavement was laid on Cass street between Superior and Eaton street, and the same year Michigan avenue was paved from Superior street to Mingo street in the same manner as was south Super- ior street, except that the work was done by contract and limestone was substituted for the harder material used on South Superior street.
The city had approximately nineteen miles of sewer, all of which have been built by special assessment, the city paying from one-third to one- sixth of the cost, and the property benefited paying the balance. No sewer bonds have ever been issued by the city. The first sewers were constructed as a combination of sanitary sewers and surface drain, but the sewers now being built are sanitary sewers strictly. The surface water being taken care of by a separate system. The sewage is all emptied into the Kalamazoo river at various points.
CITY OFFICIALS (1885-1912)
Mayors: 1885, Charles F. Austin; 1886, Robert J. Frost; 1887, L. J. Wolcott; 1888, E. F. Mills; 1889, Robert J. Frost; 1890, Eugene
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P. Robertson; 1891, Isaac N. Sibley; 1892, Henry D. Thomason; 1893, Henry D. Thomason ; 1894, William B. Knickerbocker; 1895, William B. Knickerbocker; 1896, Samuel Dickie; 1897, A. L. MeCntcheon; 1898, Almon G. Bruce; 1899, Edward R. Lond; 1900, Charles W. Dalrymple; 1901, James Shanley; 1902, JJames Shanley; 1903, Frank E. Palmer; 1904. C. Owen Brownell; 1905, C. Owen Brownell; 1906, D. M. MeAu- liffe; 1907, D. M. MeAuliffe; 1908, D. M. MeAuliffe; 1909, Adrian F. Cooper; 1910, Adrian F. Cooper; 1911, William W. Austin; 1912, George U. MeCarty.
City elerks: 1885, Chas. H. Foster; 1886, Chas. II. Foster; 1887, William W. Austin ; 1888, William W. Austin ; 1889, William W. Austin ; 1890, F. D. Roudenbush ; 1891, F. D. Roudenbush ; 1892, C. II. Knick- erbocker: 1893, Palmer M. Dearing; William II. Manning, (fill va- caney) ; 1894, Frank Laberteaux; 1895, Frank Laberteaux; 1896, Ed- ward R. Loud; 1897, Edward R. Loud; 1898, Charles II. Burnett; 1899, Charles H. Burnett ; 1900, Frank W. Culver; 1901, Frank W. Culver; 1902, Frank W. Culver; 1903, Adrian F. Cooper ; 1904, Adrian F. Cooper; 1905, L. W. Cole ; 1906, H. E. Robertson ; 1907, W. R. Noyes; 1908, W. R. Noyes; 1909, W. R. Noyes; 1910, W. R. Noyes; 1911, W. R. Noyes ; 1912, W. R. Noyes.
City attorneys: 1885, N. B. Gardner; 1886, N. B. Gardner; 1887, Rienzi Loud; 1888, M. D. Weeks; 1889, Rienzi Loud; 1890, Rienzi Loud; 1891, M. D. Weeks; 1892, Rienzi Loud; 1893, Rienzi Loud; 1894, M. D). Weeks: 1895, M. D. Weeks; 1896, M. D. Weeks; 1897, A. M. Culver; 1898, E. R. Loud; 1899, Adelbert Culver; 1900, L. E. Stewart; 1901, H. R. H. Williams, M. D. Weeks; 1902, M. D. Weeks; 1903, M. D). Weeks; 1904, E. R. Loud; 1905, A. F. Cooper; 1906, A. F. Cooper; 1907, A. F. Cooper; 1908, A. F. Cooper; 1909, M. D. Weeks; 1910, M. D. Weeks; 1911, M. D. Weeks; 1912, A. F. Cooper.
City treasurers : 1885, Wellington B. Crane; 1886, John Fanning; 1887, John Fanning; 1888, John Fanning; 1889, John Fanning; 1890, John Fanning ; 1891, George W. Schneider; 1892, George W. Schneider; 1893, Jay D. Mapes; 1894, Charles II. Knickerbocker; 1895, Charles H. Knickerbocker; 1896, Frank L. Irwin; 1897, Robert Y. Finch ; 1898, Robert Y. Fineh ; 1899, Solomon M. Raftery ; 1900, Solomon M. Raftery ; 1901, Ilenry D. Smith ; 1902, D. M. MeAnliffe; 1903, D. M. MeAuliffe; 1904, Afton A. Dibble; 1905, Afton A. Dibble; 1906. E. C. Carrington : 1907. E. C. Carrington; 1908, E. C. Deyoe: 1909. E. C. Deyoe: 1910, W. J. Morse; 1911, W. J. Morse: 1912, Charles E. Ashdown.
Marshals: 1885, John Phipps; 1886. Nicholas Plough : 1887. John Phipps : 1888, Frank N. Austin ; 1889, Henry F. Gutches; 1890, llenry F. Gutches; 1891, Frank A. Graham; 1892, William S. Price: 1893, William S. Price; 1894, Edward C. Shaffer: 1805, George Caleb; 1896, Frank A. Graham: 1897. George R. Carver : 1898, Fred W. Clark : 1899, Fred W. Clark: 1960, Fred W. Schumacher: 1901. N. Dean Harron ; 1902, N. Dean Harroun : 1903, Erva J. Mallory; 1904. Erva J. Mallory ; 1905, Erva J. Mallory; 1906, Fred W. Clark: 1907. Fred W. Clark; 1908. Fred W. Clark: 1909, Osear Il. Cooper; 1910. Oscar II. Cooper; 1911. Ernest Winchell : 1912. Ernest Winchell.
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ALBION PUBLIC SCHOOLS
By W. J. McKone
The history of the public schools of Albion does not differ in any material aspect from that of any other town in southern Michigan whose beginnings dates back to the middle of the last century. Hand in hand the little red school house and the little white church have kept pace with the westward march of civilization. The early settlers of Albion brought with them from western New York a knowledge of and a fa- miliarity with good schools.
As was the custom in the early Michigan communities the first schools were private or "select" schools. These were held in the homes
OLD RED SCHOOLHOUSE, ALBION
of the teachers or the pupils. The number attending was very small and no revenue was received at all from the state.
The first public school building was erected a little later than 1850 near the present site of the German Lutheran church on South Superior street and was known for years as "The Little Red School House." Although long since abandoned the building still stood with its quaint little window panes and faded red sides until the spring of 1912 when it was obliged to yield to the needs of the growing city. While crude in architecture and of meager equipment it served a useful purpose until the needs of the community demanded larger and better accommoda- tions. A Mr. Dowery assisted by his wife were the first teachers.
The old Presbyterian church on the corner of Clinton and Erie
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streets was utilized for the growing school until it was burned when the Salem Lutheran on Pine street was pressed into service. The old part of the building facing on Washington park was where some of Albion's older residents "got their start." Still more room was needed and the school was removed to the engine house on Superior street just north of the stone mill. Ilon. J. A. Parkinson, judge of the Jackson circuit court and Mrs. Phehe Anthony were the first faculty in the engine house.
The first step leading to the present organization was the consolida- tion of three rural school districts into a "Union" school district. The districts uniting were Albion number one, Albion and Sheridan number one, fractional, Sheridan and Albion number three, fractional. This was consummated September 17, 1867. Mrs Phineas T. Graves being the leading spirit in a warm fight for the new movement. The three primary buildings, the north, south and east were erected in 1869, at a cost of about $12,000.00. There were at first one teacher in the east, two in the "Little Red School House" two at the north and one in the Presbyterian church. Women teachers received $28 per month, a man at the east sehool $50, and the "high" $60. The present central building with grounds occupies lots two to eleven on Michigan avenue. The lot cost $2,500.00. The original building was erceted in 1870 by G. W. Maher at a total cost of 16,826.00. A dedicatory committee consisting of Messrs. Rev. R. M. Fiteh, Phineas Graves and W. D. Fox for the board and Messrs. Stoddard, Haven and Bidwell for the citizens was appointed. Professor Doty of Ann Arbor delivered the dedicatory address.
Mr. J. B. MeClellan was elected the first superintendent in 1870 and served until the end of the school year in 1877. The last of the "Ward" buildings, the west, was located in November, 1871. At this time the sehool attendance was 464 and the school eensus 584.
The second superintendent, Mr. E. C. Thompson, was elected June 5, 1877, and served ten years. The schools were graded under superin- tendent MeClellan but the first graduating elass was in 1878 consisting of seven members, Marion Crosby, Kirtland Davis, Mary R. Fanning, George Graves, Emma T. Lewis, Lulu Torrey, Maggie Woolsey.
The school has up to date graduated 333 boys and 587 girls or a total of 920.
November 5, 1879, the central building suffered a loss by fire of $1,200 and again January 12, 1887, a very slight loss. March 12, 1885, a contract was let to Geo. W. Maher for $9,900 for wings on the east and west of the central. In 1892 the capacity of the wings was doubled by additions on the north ends. A central steam heating plant was erected in 1893 at a cost of $5,000.
Superintendent E. C. Thompson resigned August 8, 1887, and Mr. Warren C. Hull was elected superintendent. Mr. Hull remained eleven years being succeeded by W. J. MeKone who is still superintendent, having served fifteen years.
In 1906 the central building used as the high school had become en- tirely inadequate and was torn down to give place to a $30,000 high sehool building which promises to be ample for some time to come. The Vol. 1-28
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latest additions to the material facilities in the way of buildings was the erection of the Charles F. Austin school on the site of the "North Ward" torn down. The new school is a strictly modern building and the best appointed in the city. It contains eight rooms.
Much of the success of the schools is due to the careful planning and the wisdom of the men who have been honored in serving as members of the board of education. This is a comparatively short list, many of the men having served for a long term of years, but is a distinguished one. The list is as follows: Augustus Gale, Phineas Graves, Samuel V. Irwin, Charles W. Dalrymple, Rev. A. M. Fitch, Wellington Bid- well, James W. Sheldon, W. D. Fox, John Fanning, Theron Soule, L. Silliman, Dr. John P. Stoddard, E. W. Hollingsworth, H. M. Dearing, E. P. Robertson, Charles F. Austin, William Howard, E. F. Mills, John G. Brown, Delos Fall, Elizabeth F. Palmer, Earle Knight, Samuel M. Reed, George W. Schneider, William T. Jaquess, E. R. Lond, G. S.
HIGH SCHOOL, ALBION
Kimball, George T. Bullen, Homer C. Blair, Henry Wochholz, Walter M. Watson, D. A. Garfield, George P. Griffin, George C. Hafford, Dr. B. J. Howlett, Walter S. Kennedy.
There are now employed in the system thirty-seven teachers, including special teachers of drawing, music, manual training and domestic science and art.
CORPS OF 1912-1913
W. J. McKone, superintendent; L. A. MeDiarmid, principal of high school ; F. M. Langworthy, science; M. Belle Pratt, Latin; Fanny May Green, history ; Alice P. Steere, German; Blanche E. Martin, English ; Leona Bean, assistant; Edith G. Bolster, assistant ; Rena T. Root, assist- ant; commercial.
Central-M. Myrtle Moulton, eighth and seventh grades; Flora A. King, seventh grade; Mabelle C. Seelye, seventh grade; Julia G. Murden, sixth grade; Mary R. Rood, sixth grade; Ellen Pilcher, fifth grade; Cora
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R. Manon, fifth grade; Grace E. Hubert, fourth grade; Mabel Burns, fourth grade; Grace B. Wells, third and second grades; Mab. E. Elms, first grade.
Charles F. Austin School-Dora M. Ottgen, sixth and fifth grades; Bessie B. Waite, fourth grade ; Emily C. Meinke, third and second grades ; Nora MI. Gutehess, first grade; Marie G. Douglas, kindergarten.
South School-Hattie E. Hungerford, third and second grades; Ada Beard, first grade.
East School-Grace E. Griffin, third and second grades;
West School-Elsa W. Scheid, third and second grades; Meryl B. Sewell, first grade.
Special Teachers-Sybil G. Robinson, drawing; Jennie A. Worthing- ton, music ; Effie E. Thrasher, domestic science and art ; Charles D. Ray- nor, manual training.
THE PRESS OF ALBION By William B. Gildart
In December, 1849, James Hugh Perry opened a printing office in Albion, which was the first effort in that direction for the village. The plant which was but a small affair, was located on the west side of Superior street, between West Porter and Center streets. He issued a weekly newspaper from that place, which he called The Albion Press. According to recollection of old residents, the paper met with poor sup- port and lasted but a short time. The writer has been unable to obtain a copy of this first newspaper effort and no one appears to remember if it had any political party affiliation. Its editor was an Englishman and the paper was probably neutral or independent.
The second effort was far more successful. On October 11, 1855, Lawrence W. Cole started the publication of The Albion Mirror. The editor of the Mirror was a printer of experience, and probably familiar with the conditions necessary for success in the field; knew of the fail- ure of others who had sought to mold public opinion, or to direct thought into new channels. The editor chose neutral ground and prom- ised to maintain a neutral policy as is evident by following statement of the initial number: "In party politics," said Mr. Cole, "such as Demo- crat, Loco Foco, Hard Shell, Soft Shell, Hunker, Free Soil, Republican, Know Nothing and Know Something, we shall be a looker-on, and shall steer clear of everything which, in our judgement, will have a tendency to make the friends of either party unfriendly toward us."
The first ten years of the paper's life were stirring and eventful ones; the war coming on, people were compelled to take sides. We do not know how long Editor Cole was able to maintain the neutral policy, which his initial number promised, but we are informed by one of his aged contemporaries that when the Civil war came on, Mr. Cole's paper was opposed to it, and that many of his editorials were regarded as disloyal. His paper then was Democratie in politics, and ever remained so. It is said that feeling against the paper became very bitter, and so pronounced
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that it was believed that a conspiracy was formed in all adjoining coun- ties to come over to Albion and wreck the office. It was, however, headed off by the counsels of some loyal Albion Republicans.
The Mirror during its first years was more of a literary publication than a news sheet. Mr. Cole was an able writer, but his editorials were more like essays than editorials. That, at least, was the ease with the first year's effort on the paper, the whole fifty-two numbers of which we have been privileged to examine.
The Mirror continued as a weekly publication down to some time in the summer of 1909. It passed, upon the death of its founder, to his son, the late Frank F. Cole, and upon his death, it went to the founder's grandson, Lawrence W. Cole, Jr. For more than half a century the Mirror was published by the Cole family.
Soon after the grandson came into control of the paper, a stock com- pany was formed, called The Mirror Printing Company, and that con- cern took over the publication. In the summer of 1909. the Weekly Mirror, which had reflected the life of Albion for more than fifty-three years, was suspended, and the company started the publication of a daily, which they styled the Mirror Gazette. The daily published its last num- ber January 22, 1910, when its publication was also discontinued, and the Mirror has ceased to be a paper of Albion.
A paper known as The Herald was the next newspaper effort, but we have not been able to give the date of its founding, or who was its editor. The office was destroyed by fire in 1867, and to take the place of the Herald, the Recorder was started.
The Albion Recorder was established in May, 1868, by Bissell & Burgess, as a Republican sheet. The late B. B. Bissell was its first editor. A year later, Mr. Bissell formed a co-partnership with William G. Reed and the firm became known as Reed & Bissell. Later, it came under the management of Bissell & Warren.
About 1886, Vernor J. Teft, who had been publisher of the Ingham county News, became the owner of the paper. After publishing the paper a few years, Mr. Teft died, and Mrs. Teft became owner of the office. Later, Newman Miller, of Springport, bought an interest in the Recorder. In 1903, a stoek company was formed and the Recorder Press Company was incorporated; Walter S. and Rex B. Kennedy became the managers of the company. In 1904, the Daily Recorder was launched and has been a success. In 1911, Rex B. Kennedy sold his stock to Arthur Hudnutt, and the managers of the company now are W. S. Kennedy and Arthur Hndnutt. The Recorder enjoys a liberal patronage. It circulated in con- nection with the Kalamazoo Telegraph.
Several other newspaper efforts were started, about a dozen years ago. A man named Green started a paper called the News, later he started a daily which he called the Daily Leader. Along about that time B. B. Bissell became publisher of a paper known as The Transcript. The Transcript died; the Daily Leader succumbed, and Green continued the publication for a while as the Albion News-Leader. In 1903 he sold out to C. D. Potter, who for some time had been publishing a paper in Parma. Mr. Potter soon sold to a man named Brooks. He published the News-
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Leader about a year, and Mr. Potter took the paper back. On May 1, 1905, William B. Gildart purchased The Albion News-Leader and became its editor. In a few months, the hyphenated name was changed to Albion Leader, and the paper has been edited by Mr. Gildart ever since. It is a six-column quarto, published every Friday and as the second paper in the city, it enjoys a liberal patronage.
ALBION POST OFFICE
By Arthur D. Baugham
Albion's first post office established in 1838, was located in a small wooden building where the Warner block is now, corner of Erie and Superior streets. After remaining there for a few years it was changed to the following locations in the order named: Wright block on Superior street; Howard block on Superior street; Dalrymple block on Superior street; Wright block on Porter street; Commercial hotel building on Porter street; back of Brown & Moore's drug store on Porter street; Brockway block on Superior street; Eslow block, corner of Porter and Clinton streets; Kesler & Parker block, corner of Superior and Cass streets, its present location.
During the session of Congress, 1910, Hon. Washington Gardner, congressman from this district (the third congressional) secured an ap- propriation of $70,000 for the erection of a post office building in his home city. The site for its location was chosen in 1911 which is situated at the northwest corner of Superior street and Michigan avenue and com- prises the whole block.
Jesse Crowell was the first postmaster, serving from 1838 to 1849. After Mr. Crowell's term expired the following were appointed and served during the periods stated: 1849-1853, Dr. Frederick Wheelock; 1853-1857, Don C. Scranton; 1857-1861, A. J. Thompson; 1861-1866, Chas. W. Dalrymple; 1866-1867, E. W. Hollingsworth ; 1867-1875, Phin- eas Graves; 1875-1887, Martin Haven: 1887-1891, Frank Cole; 1891- 1898, John Fanning; 1898-1910, Frank L. Irwin ; 1910, Arthur D. Bang- ham.
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