USA > Michigan > Mason County > History of Mason County, Michigan > Part 25
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1875.
In January H. H. Hand appears for Grant, and H. C. Hawley for Newfield. O. K. White, of Grant, had been elected sheriff, and J. R. Butler, treasurer, and the latter filed a bond for $40,000. The senator at this time was Hon. E. L. Gray, and the representative was Hon. A. R. Wheeler, who were asked by the board to press for a law taxing non-resident lands. A vote of thanks is recorded to the chairman of the board, D. Johnson. The clerk at this time was Mr. Gurney.
On April 26 the following new supervisors appear: A. S. Anderson for Claybanks, Fayette Walker for Colfax, George Wyckoff for Golden, Enoch T. Mugford for Hart, and G. W. Imus for Pent- water. G. W. Woodward was elected chairman.
A resolution was offered to give $300 reward for the arrest of Josephus S. Peach, an absconding treasurer of Hart Township, sup- posed to have defaulted with $3,700; but an amendment prevailed to have the matter referred to a committee. It appears that Peach
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RES. OF E. G. MAXWELL, PENTWATER, Mich.
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HISTORY OF OCEANA COUNTY.
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was never discovered, and as he held some funds he should have paid over to the county, a law suit was resorted to to recover the amount from Hart, which finally, in 1882, was decided in favor of the county, and the town of Hart was required to levy a tax to pay the amount, about $1,330 with about $400 costs.
Peach was indebted to Hart $2,435.51, and to Oceana $1,330, and the former offered $200 reward for his arrest, and the latter $300. In October the treasurer's receipts were reported at $22,839.45; disbursements at $20,101,87, leaving a balance of $2,231.58.
The estimated value of the county farm was $9,478. Caleb Davis was elected superintendent of poor.
A discussion arose over the payment of a reward of about $100, offered by Sheriff O. K. White for the apprehension of two men, Tag- gart and Pegg. The prosecuting attorney gave his opinion that the county was not primarily liable, but could pay reward if they chose, and recommended that they do so, in accordance with practice in other counties. But the county refused to pay it.
The report of the committee on equalization was adopted, and showed that the county was valued at $1,795,802.62.
The motion to raise one-tenth of a mill as tax for Agricultural Society was lost.
The state tax on Oceana this year was $2,606.16; the county tax $12,860.52.
The salaries were fixed at: Treasurer, $900; clerk, $270; pro- bate judge and prosecuting attorney, each, $500; sheriff, $300.
A reward of $225 was paid for the capture of Uber and Lans- downey, two prisoners who had broken jail, when about six pris- oners escaped by cutting a hole in the floor of the jail and burrowing in the earth a tunnel of about fifteen feet long. Several prisoners returned voluntarily, among them an Indian.
1876.
Martin Baker appears as supervisor for Claybanks, F. Walker for Colfax, and D. Landon for Ferry. At the first meeting in June J. H. Cogswell was elected chairman. The aggregate valuation of the county this year was lowered to $1,586,848. H. Hoffman was elected representative at state board of equalization. At this session the reward of $125 for the apprehension of Taggart and Pegg was paid to O. K. White, sheriff.
The poor farm this year was valued at $10,850. The salaries were fixed at: Treasurer, $800; prosecuting attorney, $400; judge of probate, $500; clerk, 150.
The state tax was $2,860.90; county tax, $12,315.06.
1877.
In January the board met, and E. T. Mugford was made chair- man in place of H. Hoffman, resigned. The committee on the purchase of an addition to poor farm reported that Nelson Glover would sell forty acres at $40 an acre, or the whole 145 acres at $4,000. The treasurer's bond was fixed at $40,000.
The Hesperian and the Leader are awarded a share of county printing, along with Pentwater News and Hart Journal.
The number of cases commenced in court for the past four years is found to be 398, which, $2 each, amounted to $796.
In the matter of the indebtedness of Hart through the ab- sconding of Josephus S. Peach, the committee reported the state and county tax apportioned to Hart that year was $2,532.02 and that Peach, as the treasurer of Hart, absconded between December 25, 1874, and June 1, 1875, taking with him what money he had col- lected, leaving a balance of uncollected tax roll more than sufficient to pay said state and county tax; and that F. J. Russell, appointed as next treasurer, paid $1,182,02 into the county treasury, leaving a balance of $1,312.71 due the county, and recommend that that balance be demanded of Hart, which report was accepted.
In September the following new supervisors appeared: J. H. Sammons for Benona, John Fegan for Pentwater, and Harvey Tower for Grant. T. G. Houk was elected chairman.
On a ballot to elect a treasurer in place of H. Hoffman, de- ceased, John R. Butler was elected. The total indebtedness of the late treasurer was $12,699.46, and his credits $10,934.82, leav- ing a balance of $1,764.64. A resolution of respect to the memory of Mr. Hoffman was unanimously passed.
The poor farm was valued at $11,165.70, and $2,000 was asked for outside relief, and $1,750 for poor farm. The assessed value of the county was about the same as previous year-$1,588,444.25. There is acknowledged from David Johnson, administrator of the estate of H. Hoffman, the receipt of $1,764.64.
Permission was given W. L. Hunt to build a dam across the north branch of the White River, in Otto, on Section 3, to raise the water five feet.
Salaries this year: Sheriff, $100; prosecuting attorney, $450; probate judge, $600; clerk, $250; treasurer, $900.
Caleb Davis was elected superintendent of poor.
The state tax was $4,250.08; county tax, $18,078.25.
1878.
There was no meeting in this year until October, when Milo H. Sweet appeared for Grant, T. T. Jones for Crystal, Oscar E. Fogg for Otto, A. H. Bearss for Shelby. . H. C. Hawley, of Newfield, was elected chairman. Smith, Nims & Erwin, of Muskegon, were employed by the county in suit with Hart. The average of paupers in the county farm for the past year was nearly fourteen.
Here occurred a resolution which has provoked much comment. The following was carried by nine to seven votes:
"WHEREAS, The present law authorizing a tax on dogs is be- lieved to be unconstitutional by all-and,
WHEREAS, The said tax is oppressive and burdensome on that class of our people least able to bear the same-and,
WHEREAS, There are but very few sheep in the county to be worried or killed by dogs, and,
WHEREAS, The protection of sheep seems to be the prime object of said law, now, therefore, be it
Resolved, By the board of supervisors of the County of Oceana 1
that the supervisors of the several townships of this county be instructed not to assess the Dogs in their several townships.
J. H. SAMMONS, T. G. HOUK,
[Signed.]
I. H. COGSWELL, FAYETTE WALKER.
Committee.
The committee on equalization valued the county at $1,603,- 712.80; $25 was paid for raising bridge across Pentwater River.
Charles McClave was elected superintendent of the poor. Treas- urer's receipts for the year, $26,008.52; disbursements, $21,699.29; balance on hand, $4,309.23.
The resident and non-resident fishermen of Oceana had long been at war, and a committee to whom the matter was referred, reported that they had been unable to restrain the non-residents, and had been subjected to repeated insults; that the prosecuting attorney was of opinion that any suits brought should be civil suits, brought by residents, who were unable to pay the charge of main- taining such suits; that the foreigners had encroached nearly the whole length of the lake shore in the county, and that our fishermen would be forced to seek other employment; that the committee had been twice, the last Summer, to Grand Haven, to try to enlist sympathy with the tug-boat fishermen with our resident fishermen, but to no avail; and, finally, they recommended that no suits be brought in the matter, as it would involve a great expense without any certainty of benefit therefrom.
Proceedings were ordered to be published, at one-fourth legal
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HISTORY OF OCEANA COUNTY.
rates, in the Journal and the AArgus, of Hart, the Pentwater Newrx, and the Hesperian, of Hesperia.
A vote of thanks was tendered to L. G. Rutherford, for services in looking up the indebtedness of the state to the county, and the board " unreservedly expressed their confidence in him as a man of honor and a gentleman." This was carried unanimously.
At the same appears a vote of thanks to the deputy clerk, A. S. White, and an expression of sympathy with the clerk, E. D. Rich- mond, who had been called away by the sickness of his father.
1879.
A resolution was introduced by Mr. Bearss to have the board of health remove " a certain weed, planted for ornament," in the Shelby cemetery, which resolution was adopted.
A resolution asking our state senator and representative to aid in abolishing the dog tax, was adopted.
It appears, from a resolution of the board, that the revenues of the county were falling off, to the extent of from one-quarter to one- half of what they were formerly, and as the burden fell on the pro- ducers, it was moved to reduce the salary of county officers by 25 per cent, and the per diem allowance of the supervisors from $3 to S2. A motion to table the resolution was carried by fifteen to two.
L. G. Rutherford offered, for $80, to take the judgment of Oceana rs. Pentwater, for revision.
In October, the list of supervisors was: For Pentwater, A. Brill- hart; Golden, C. B. Ganing; Benona, Joseph H. Sammons; Clay- banks, M. Baker; Grant, M. H. Sweet; Shelby, G. W. Woodward; Weare, E. T. Mugford; Crystal, N. C. Smith; Elbridge, T. G. Houk; Ferry, Daniel Landon; Otto, O. E. Fogg; Greenwood, Charles Camp; Newfield, H. C. Hawley; Leavitt, W. F. Palmiter; Colfax, Lafayette Walker. Martin Baker, chairman.
Charles Camp, the appointed supervisor of Greenwood, made a statement in regard to the death of Isaac H. Cogswell, the former supervisor of that town, elected in April, 1879, and presented an affidavit of Susan Cogswell, his wife, as to the destruction by fire of the tax roll of said township, and also presented to the board the copy of the assessment, or tax roll, as prepared by the highway com- missioners, for the several road districts. G. W. Woodward and H. C. Hawley were appointed to act as a committee, with the pros- ecuting attorney, to ascertain all the facts in the case. The com- mittee reported the roll lost.
Fifty tax payers of Otto, Ferry, Newfield and Greenwood peti- tion that Seth C. Colgson be paid $50 for arresting the cattle thieves, Barber and Fairfield; $25 was allowed on this ground.
C. Camp's affidavit appears upon the minutes, that the rolls of Greenwood had been consumed on June 29, 1879; also, the affidavit of H. C. Hawley, to the effect that he arrived at the fire of Cogswell's house before it was consumed, and that he saw the remains of a human being, supposed to be Cogswell's; that he was informed by those who had arrived earlier that nothing had been saved, except a pocketbook of Mrs. Cogswell, which Cogswell threw out of the burn- ing building."
The committee to prepare a new roll for Greenwood reported that they had finished their labors. The treasurer's statement shows $17,994.18 received, and $17,495.56 paid out; balance, $498.62. The committee on equalization reported $1,652,828 as the equalized value of the county. The amount necessary for state tax was $4,575.78; county tax, $1,800; contingencies, $6,948.35; county relief fund, $2,000. Total, $15,819,13, for which a tax of 6} mills on the dollar was necessary.
D. Johnson was then elected superintendent of the poor, for three years. The salaries were: Treasurer, $900; clerk, $250; prosecuting attorney, $400; probate judge, $600; sheriff, $150.
1880.
There was no meeting, this year, until the " regular," in October. George W. Woodward was elected chairman. Treasurer's receipts for the year, $20,445.16; disbursements, $15,213.41. The com- mittee on equalization reported the valuation of the county to be $1,685,498.
About this time there was a contest between I. M. Weston and George Green, of Whitehall, as to putting two dams on the north branch of White River. Messrs. Nelson & Rutherford were counsel for the opposition, and Delano & Gurney for the petitioners. A motion was carried that the stream was not navigable, and there- fore not under their jurisdiction.
Salaries for the ensuing year: Treasurer, $800; clerk, $250; prosecuting attorney, $500; sheriff, $200.
An investigation having been demanded by the superintendent of the poor, David Johnson, a committee was appointed which exonerated him from blame in the matter of purchasing supplies for the poor. His resignation was not accepted.
The state tax this year was $3,193.77; county tax, $8,499.89.
1881.
In January a special session was held.
The treasurer's balance on hand on January 1, 1881, was $4,393.87.
Another meeting was held in June, at which the following new supervisors appeared: D. W. Crosby for Elbridge, W. H. Barry for Shelby, B. F. Hermance for Greenwood, J. D. Linsday for Clay- banks, and G. A. Wagar for Golden. After a long series of ballots, on the sixteenth trial H. C. Hawley received nine votes to E. T. Mugford's seven, and was elected chairman. The following resolu- tion was adopted: That the prosecuting attorney, sheriff and county clerk are authorized to spend what money they deem necessary in search for the body of Alonzo Irons, who disappeared on Friday, June 3, 1881. This mystery has never been cleared up.
----.
W. J. Sprigg was elected superintendent of the poor, vice D. Johnson, resigned. N. C. Smith was elected representative at state board of equalization. It was resolved to publish the proceed- ings of the board in the Hart Argus, Oceana Journal, Pentwater News and Shelby Independent at one-fourth of legal rates. A motion to give $200 extra to the treasurer for extra labor was car- ried, as also to give $100' extra to the prosecuting attorney. The receipts of the treasurer for the past year were $19,064.80; dis- bursements $15,612.58.
The superintendents of the poor reported that on September 30, 1880, there were eleven inmates at the poor-house, and thirteen had been received during the year, and six children had been bound out and one adopted. They recommended for the farm $1,800 and $1,000 for building, and $1,500 for outside relief. Charles McClave was elected superintendent of the poor for three years.
A motion to allow N. Nelson $59.40 for the arrest of one Kelly, was lost, but another motion to allow $24.40 for the same was carried. An order on the supervisor of Hart to spread $1,301.71 upon his assessment roll was passed; $83.30 for diphtheria cases in Greenwood was granted.
The committee recommended that a tax of 5 mills on the dollar be levied to raise a state tax of $4,232.35, and a county tax of $8,877.97.
The supervisor of Hart was authorized to spread upon his roll $393.89 for an iron bridge across the stream between H. Coll's and T. S. Gurney's.
On October 18 there appears a lengthy declaration of Mr. Mugford, supervisor of Hart, upon the Peach defalcation, in which he claims that the town of Hart is prepared to act honorably in
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the matter; that the obligation, if any, is a legal one, and they have only to know that it exists. The town had been informed by its legal advisers that no liability existed. He reminds the board that in the two previous suits the advisers of the town have proved cor- rect. He asks for a new committee to consult new counsel. The request for a committee. was refused by thirteen to one. C. A. Sessions, N. C. Smith and W. H. Barry were appointed a com- mittee to attend to the suit against Hart.
1882.
The next meeting was a special one in March, and the first thing done was to appoint a committee, consisting of Messrs. Smith, Barry and Bogue, to establish and perpetuate section corners throughout the county. They report that many section corners were lost or in danger of being lost. Townships were authorized to spend not to exceed $250 in restoring corners. An addition 20x 40 in the rear of the courthouse was ordered. Messrs. Smith, of Weare, and Crosby, of Elbridge, were appointed a committee to superintend this addition.
NOMENCLATURE.
This county received its name, " Oceana," in 1831, when it was laid out by the territorial legislature. As the name signifies "lying alongside the ocean," it may have been named from its posi- tion on the great ocean of waters in Lake Michigan. Claybanks was named from the great banks of clay on its western or lake bound- ary, on which the Indians had large cultivated clearings. Stony Creek gave its name to the middle of the three towns of which the county was at first composed. Benona was the name selected by Mr. Wheeler for the new postoffice at his mills in Stony Creek. There being another postoffice in the state with the latter name, Benona was selected. Pentwater was named from the water being penned up at the mouth of the lake by there being almost no chan- nel at first. Golden was named by W. J. Haughey, one of the petitioners, from his mother's family name. Grant was named from the great general. Otto was named by Germans from their Otho. Greenwood, or Green-wood, was selected in preference to Oliver, as suggested by Oliver Swain. Newfield was selected by J. W. Sweet, and others, in preference to Greenfield, in honor of a Mr. Green. Ferry, after Senator Ferry, was not the name under which the town was organized, it being for a few months called "Reed," from an influential family of that name. Leavitt was named from Hazen Leavitt, its first settler in 1864, and Colfax from Vice-President Colfax. Crystal was named by Mrs. J. H. Gray, from
its crystal streams; Weare from Dr. D. G. Weare; Elbridge from an early settler, Elbridge Farmer, and Hart from Wellington Hart's grandfather in New York. Barnett village was named from a brakesman on the C. & W. M. Railway.
TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATIONS.
On February 13, 1857, the name of Stony Creek was changed to Benona.
Greenwood was the first township organized by the supervis- ors, February 1, 1858, and on the same day Elbridge was formed, consisting of what is now the four towns of Golden, Hart, Elbridge and Leavitt.
On December 3, 1858, some of the northern tier of sections of Town 13-18 were detached from Benona and given to Claybanks. Otto, as first constituted, included the present Otto and Ferry, and was organized February 7, 1860.
Weare was organized two days after Otto.
On December 20, 1860, Hart was organized.
On October 11, 1864, Golden was set off from Hart. On January 15, 1865, Crystal was set off from Weare.
Newfield was organized March 5, 1865; Leavitt, December 27, 1866; Grant, December 31, 1866; Reed (afterward Ferry), Novem- ber 24, 1868, and Colfax, March 17, 1869.
On March 11, 1869, Town 14 north, 17 west, was changed from Benona to Shelby, and Town 14 north, 18 west from Leroy to Benona.
About this time Sections 5 and 6 were transferred back to Benona, from Claybanks.
For convenience, we put the above in tabular form:
THE DATES OF TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATIONS.
Pentwater.
. February 13, 1855. ..
Benona (originally Stony Creek) .. .
Claybanks.
Greenwood.
1,1858.
Elbridge.
44
7, 1860.
Weare.
9.
"
Hart.
. December 20, . October
11, 1864.
Crystal.
.January
15, 1865.
Newfield.
. March
5,1865.
Leavitt.
December 27, 1866.
Grant
31, “
Shelby.
March 11, 1867.
Ferry (originally Reed).
November 24. 1868.
Colfax .. .
March
17, 1869.
OFFICIALS OF OCEANA COUNTY FROM 1855 TO 1882.
Date.
Sheriff.
Clerk & Register.
Treasurer.
Judge of Probate.
Circuit Court Commissioner.
Surveyor.
Pros. Attorney.
Coroners.
Superintendents of Schools.
1855
L. D. Eaton
H. Tower
A. R. Wheeler
1856 A. Rector
L. 8 Alexander
H. Tower
N. Green
O. Swain and
1859
L. D. Eaton
A. S. Anderson
Estos Rich
N. Green
J. Dexter and
[O. Swain
1860
J. J. Tapley
E. D. Richmond
A. S. And'rson J. Russell
C. W. Dean
J. Russell
C. W. Dean
A. C. Randall and
[ Swain
1862
W. Webb
E. D. Richmond
O. Swain
L. D. Grove
J. Russell
L. D. Grove
A. C. Randall and
(S. G. Rollins
1864
W. Webb
E. D. Richmond
W. H. Leach
C. Camp
L. D. Grove
O. K. White L. D. Grove
O. Ward and
1866
E. J. Reed
N. Crosby
W. H. Leach
L. D. Grove
H. C. Hawl's |L. D. Grove
J. W. Dunning and
Jeremy Boynton. from May.
1868
W. Webb
N. Crosby
J. R. Butler
A. Crosby
F. J. Russell
N. Green
J. M. Rice
O. K. White and
A. A. Darling. two years, from
1870
H. S. Sayles
D. W. Crosby
J. R. Butler
F. J. Russell
N. Green
J. M. Rice
D. M. Merrifield
J. B. McPherson, two years.
1872
H. S. Sayles
T. S. Gurney
J. R. Butler
F. J. Russell A. H. Nelson
M. J. Cross
R. Montgomery
H. C. Hawley and
[A D. Van Wiekle
[May, 1873.
1874 O. K. Whi e
T. S. Gurney
J. R. Butler
A. H. Nelson
H. C. Hawl'y R. Montgomery M. J. Perkins and
1876
O. P. Fortner E. D. Richmond
H. Hoffman
F. J. Russell |M. H. Brooks
H. C. Hawl'y A. H. Nelson
Jason Carpenter
1878
W. R. Colier
E. D. Richmond
J. R. Butler
M. H. Brooks
S. Edson
W. H. Hubbard A. D. Van Wiekle
[and T. T. Jones
1880
W. R. Colier
E. D. Richmond
J. R. Butler
D. Johnson L. M. Hartwick J. Bean, Jr. L. G. Rutherford Ambrose Mason
-
I [and W. J. Tennantl
Digitized by
(Wm. Hiles
[May, 1869.
[and L. Genereau
[from May, 1871.
Seth Edson, two years, from
[H. Hoffman
[and Seth Holt
[J. Walker
(1867. to May, 1869.
TE. J. Reed
[D. Eaton
Otto ..
Golden.
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HISTORY OF OCEANA COUNTY.
COUNTY OFFICIALS-1880-1882.
In the Fall of 1879 the following officers were elected, their term of office commencing on the 1st of January, 1880, and closing on December 31, 1882: Judge of probate, David Johnson, sheriff, William R. Colier; county clerk, Edgar D. Richmond; register of deeds, Edgar D. Richmond; treasurer, John R. Butler; prosecuting attorney, L. G. Rutherford; circuit court commissioner, L. M. Hartwick; county surveyor, John Bean, Jr .; coroners, William J. Tennant, of Elbridge, and Ambrose Mason, of Hart.
The superintendents of the poor are Caleb Davis, of Mears, appointed in 1880; William J. Sprigg, of Hart, vice D. Johnson, resigned in 1881, and Charles McClave, of Maple Range, reappointed in 1882.
TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS OF 1882.
SUPERVISORS .- Pentwater, A. W. Bunyea; Weare, N. C. Smith; Crystal, H. Cogill; Colfax, S. A. Blanchard; Leavitt, James Bogue; Elbridge, D. W. Crosby; Hart, E. T. Mugford; Golden, George A. Wagar; Benona, C. A. Sessions; Shelby, G. W. Woodward; Ferry, Daniel Landon; Newfield, H. C. Hawley; Greenwood, B. F. Hermance; Otto, Jacob Williamson; Grant, M. H. Sweet; Clay- banks, J. D. Linsday.
CLERKS .- Pentwater, H. A. Cross; Weare, Samuel Andrus; Crystal, E. F. Avery; Colfax, C. Woodworth; Leavitt, G. G. Scott; Elbridge, Jesse Weirich; Hart, James H. Slater; Golden, E. H. Hotchkiss; Benona, E. G. Everden; Shelby, Manly C. White; Ferry, G. M. Smith; Newfield, William Fleming; Greenwood, Charles Serfling; Otto, Samuel B. Potter; Grant, A. Sainsbury; Claybanks, O. E. Huston.
TREASURERS .- Pentwater, John H. Bouton; Weare, C. M. Jensen; Crystal, D. P. Kelly; Colfax, C. A. Woodworth; Leavitt, William Vaughn in place of C. W. Sackrider (deceased); Elbridge, A. C. Shepherdson; Hart, George B. Rollins; Golden, C. B. Jenung; Benona, W. A. Olinder; Shelby, A. Z. Moore; Ferry, E. L. Benton; Newfield, P. Monroe; Greenwood, A. M. Phelps; Otto, Fred Newman; Grant, F. A. Foster; Claybanks, Seneca Fuller.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE .- The following is a correct list of all the justices of the peace in the county of Oceana, and is extracted from a statement just mailed to secretary of state for Michigan, by Mr. E. D. Richmond, county clerk. Some hold office for two, three or four years; unless otherwise mentioned, it must be understood that the justice holds four years. All justices are elected iu April of each year, and their term expires in that month. The year in con- nection with the name indicates the date of their election.
GREENWOOD .- A. M. Phelps, 1879; John Crawford, 1880; Ed- ward Davie, 1881; H. J. Mellville, 1882.
NEWFIELD .- H. C. Hawley, 1879; A. A. Rowland, 1881; A. H. Deits, 1882.
LEAVITT .- James Bogue, 1879; C. A. Dodge, 1881.
COLFAX .- Rufus Jewell, 1880; Jacob S. Cole, 1880, for three years; H. J. Draggoo, 1882.
CRYSTAL .- George Sammons, 1879; Joseph Comstock, 1880; T. T. Jones, three years, for 1882.
ELBRIDGE .- John Westbrook, 1879; W. J. Tennant, 1880; John P. King, 1881; Charles H. Parkton, 1882.
FERRY .- T. P. Landon, 1880; B. F. Archer, 1881; C. E. Con- verse, two years from 1881; Silas W. Powers, 1882.
OTTO .- Walter Duke, 1879; O. E. Fogg; 1880; Daniel Adams, 1881; Samuel B. Potter, 1882.
GRANT .- John Hesselsweet, 1879; Charles D. Arnold, 1880; James A. Keyes, 1881.
. SHELBY .- Alexander Pittinger, three years from 1880; A. M.
Spaulding, 1881; Jesse Bearss, three years from 1881; W. H. Churchill, 1882.
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