USA > Michigan > Monroe County > History of Monroe County, Michigan : a narrative account of its historical progress, its people, and its principal interests Volume I > Part 3
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Private schools, 421.
Proctor, Colonel, 58, 80; report of, 61; opposed by Tecumseh, 103. Proposed settlement, 143.
Protestant churches of Monroe county, 434. Public libraries, 475.
Public Square, The, 473.
Quarries, 268, 283. Quell, Louis J., 942. Question of water supply, 470.
Railroad Levels, 292. Railroad strikes, 229. Railroads traversing the county, 365. Raisin Valley Historical Society, 140. Raisinville Congregational church dis- banded, 438. Raisinville quarries, 274.
Raisinville township, 250, 487; farm statistics, 327; organized, 481; first supervisor, 487; supervisor (1912), 494.
Rankin, Charles H., 747. Rapid circulation of specie, 346. Rapp, Christopher, 680. Ready, J. Edward, 947. Red Fox, 304. Red Light Tavern, 164. Red man's fairies and brownies, 27. Regulation of the coureur, 47. Rehberg, Fred D., 694.
Reisig, Herman J., 913. Relief expedition, Indians capture, 20 .. Religious history, 425. "Remember the Raisin," 105. Reorganization of London township, 490. Report by General Harrison to Governor Shelby, 66.
Representative government voted down, 120.
Reproduction of Greeley's letter, 130.
Response of Michigan and Monroe county, 171.
Result of battle and Tecumseh's death, 108.
Revivals of 1824 and 1827, 362.
Reynolds, James H., 566. Rhoades, Michael, 871.
Richard, Gabriel, priest and congress- man, 427.
Richards, Lewis, 905.
Ried, Wesley, 586. River Raisin and Grand River Railroad, 376.
River Raisin at Monroe, 295.
River Raisin Country, 8, 54.
River Raisin looking westward from Macomb street bridge (view), 294.
River Raisin massacre, 98.
River Raisin Paper Company, 401.
Rivers of county, 293.
Roach, Frank T., 633.
Roads and road metal, 268.
Rock Opening, Big Sink, leading to un- derground currents (view), 298.
Roeder, Herman C., 948.
Rogers, Major, 11. Roll call of veterans, 131.
Root, Jesse H., 920.
Root, Philander S., 1020.
Rose cottage home school, 423.
Roundhead, Chief, 58, 70.
Rout of the Americans, 59.
Royal Arch Masons, 455.
Rupture over Texas, 170.
St. Charles Parish, 658.
St. John's Catholic church (view), 424. St. John's church, 431.
St. Joseph's church, Erie, 433.
St. Mary's church (view), 424.
St. Mary's church dedicated, 1834, 427; history of, 428.
St. Mary's college and academy, 704.
St. Mary's college, Monroe (view), 430. St. Michael's Catholic church (view), 424. St. Michael's church, 431.
St. Michael's Commandery, Knights of St. John, 432.
St. Patrick's church of Exeter township, 433. St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church, 438. St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church (view), 424.
Salt licks, 266. Sancraint, John B., 512.
Santa Anna, General, 174. Sawyer, Alfred I., 414. Schafer, F. William, 934. Schaub Brothers, 1004.
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xxvi
INDEX
Schaub, Joseph, 999. Schaub, Peter A., 1003. Schaub, Phillip, 1007.
Scheurer, Adam H., 897. Schmidt, William F., 809. Scholl, Daniel C., 989. Schoolcraft and his Indian wife, 26. Schoolcraft, Henry R., 26, 122.
Schools, 416. Schrauder, John, 1014. Schuler, Frederick, 752.
Scientific study of limestones, 266.
Seal of the territory, 125.
Serious shortage of provisions, 74.
Seventeenth (Stonewall) Regiment, 225. Seventlı Michigan Infantry, 221.
Seventy common birds, 305.
Shaler, Charles, 155.
Shaler succeeds Mason, 155.
Shawnee Spring, 326.
Shelby, Gov. Isaac, 66. Sheriff's residence (view), 252. Shin plasters, 249. Ship Canal, The. 379.
Shipwreck and legend of the "Favorite," 547.
Shore Line Stone Company, 281.
Sibley quarry, 270.
Siege of Fort Detroit, 14.
Sieur de Vincennes, 8.
Siffer, Jules J., 924.
Sigler, John L., 668.
Sill, Fred J., 925. Simmons, Benjamin F., 964.
Sisung, Victor, 869.
Sleeping bear (view), 267.
Smith, Diantha, 731.
Smith, Fred, 589.
Smith guards of Monroe, 177, 220.
Smith, Henry, 731.
Smith, Jasper N., 816.
Smitlı, Robert, 889.
Smith, Thomas H., 572.
Smith, William A., 834.
"Smith's Tavern" (view), 332. Social and other clubs, 459.
Social and sportmen's clubs, 458. Social clubs, establishment of, 458.
Soils and subsoils, 313.
Soldiers from Monroe county in Mexican war, 171.
Solid French buildings, 40. Sortor, Dwight W., 810.
Southeastern portion of Michigan (1835), (map), 404. South wall of Woolmith quarry (view), 273.
Southworth, Benjamin H., 602.
Southworth, Charles T., 901. Southworth, Charles T., Sr., 898. Southworth, Clinton B., 648. Spanish-American war, 229. Specie, 346.
Sperry, Roy M., 634. Stable government, 114. Stage coach traveling, 328.
Stage drivers, 330. Standard Mill, 398. Start of Monroe nurseries, 383.
"Starved Rock," 30.
State curbs on speculation, 350.
State forces threaten to clash, 139.
State seals and mottoes, 125.
Sterling, Joe C., 919.
Sterling, Joseph M., 821.
Sterling, William C., 826.
Sterling, William C., Jr., 829.
Sterns, Harry H., 851.
Stickney, Major, 154.
Stickney's arrest, 154.
Stone and stone crushing, 269.
Stone business of Monroe, 280.
Stone, George A., 852.
Stone quarries, 40. Stoner, George W., 1012.
Streets, parks and bridges, 471. Strimbell, Jacob .J., 919.
Strong, Captain George W., 527.
Strong, John, 1021.
Stuart, Henry, 718.
Stumpmeir, Conrad, 605.
Sturgeon, 396.
Sturn, Bernard, 968.
Sturn, Frank S., 652. Sturn, William E., 651.
Sugar making by Indians and pioneers. 495.
Summerfield township, 250, 483; first ar- rivals, 484; farm statistics, 327; first township meeting, 484; supervisor (1912), 494. Superstitions of early settlers, 28.
Support of the Union, 175.
Surface drainage, 293. Surrender of Detroit, 87, 96.
Surrender, The, 81.
Sykes, John E., 837.
Target shooting and shooters, 546. Taverns, 329.
Taylor, Gen. Zachary, 167, 171. Teall, Chas. W., 735.
Tecumseh, the Great Shawnee, 30, 69, 88, 104, 506; death, 106; (portrait), 68.
Territorial and state seals and mottoes, 125.
Territorial period and beyond, 255. Third Michigan Cavalry Brigade, 239. Thurber, Jefferson G., 261. Tiffany, Arthur L., 925.
Timber growth and conservation, 320.
Timothy Mallary, narrative of, 83. Tin lamps evolved, 498. Toasts and responses, 132. Todd, Alexander, 606. Todd, Frank S., 945.
INDEX
xxvii
Todd, James H., 1010. Toledo and Detroit turnpike, 330. Toledo war, 137. Toll, Charles, 854.
Toll, Philip R., 854.
To restrain wild banking, 351.
Total enlistment in county, 219.
Township histories, 481.
Township supervisors (1912), 494. Townships of Monroe county, 250, 481. Trabbic, Flagget, 872.
Trabbic, John B., 864.
Trabbic, Victor M., 865.
Tradition of the sacred fire, 29.
Transportation business for 1912, 380.
Transportation, means of improved, 117. Trees planted soon after war of 1812. 384.
Trinity Episcopal church, 440.
Trinity Episcopal church (view), 424.
Trinity Lutheran church, 442.
Trinity Lutheran church (view), 424.
Triquet, August, 995.
Trophies and prisoners, 108.
Troublous days of travel, 333.
True medicine men, 499.
Tuttle, Orlie A., 821. Two famous sportmen's clubs, 459.
Underground drainage, 297.
Under three powers, 1.
Unique batteau, 51. United States claims unsettled, 170.
United States Hotel, 164, 334.
United States survey levels, 292.
University branches, 417.
University of Michigan, 416.
Upper Canada troubles, 163. Ups and downs (1839-56), 363.
Van Akin, Simeon, 843. Van Houten, Charles L., 603. Van Riper, Jacob M., 630.
Venia, Harvey R., 811. Verdon, Thomas E., 849.
Veterans of the War of 1812, 126, 128. Veterans present at reunion, 127.
Veterans' reunion, 128.
Veteran surveyors, 482.
View from the other side, 109.
View of government canal of today, 380. Views, an old French homestead, 34; one of the earlier French houses of the old regime, 40; ancient French pear trees, 41; Coureur de Bois, 44; Pierre Jean Baptiste Cadotte De La Repentigny, 50; Jean Boucher, 50; British plan of battle of River Raisin, January 22, 1813, 56; Winchester car- toon, 60; Tecumseh, 68; Colonel Navarre's home, 82; monument mark- ing the battle ground, 85; Guyor, Joseph, 129; Combs, General Leslie,
133; Kentucky soldiers' monument in Monroe, 176; armory and opera house, 229; Custer, General George A., 232; Custer, Elizabeth B., 232; Custer me- morial, Monroe, 240; courthouse, Mon- roe, 244; Monroe county courthouse, 250; on the county farm, 252; sheriff's residence, 252; county infirmary, 252; Monroe county buildings, 252; Mam- moth boulder, Monroe county, 267; south wall of Woolmith quarry, 273; bed of Ottawa Sink, 276; quarry floor (west wall) Monroe Stone Company, 283; Lake Erie sand ridge, 290; River Raisin looking westward, 294; flood on River Raisin (February 8, 1887), 295; rock opening, big sink, 298; an old-time mail coach, 329; "Smith's Tavern," 332; bank of River Raisin, Monroe (1836), 348; govern- ment canal of today, 380; Monroe churches, 424; first union school in Monroe, 418; Monroe's present high school, 420; First Presbyterian church, Monroe, 435; Monroe churches, 424; Zion Lutheran church, 424; Trinity Episcopal church, 424; Trinity Lu- theran church, 424; St. Paul's Method- ist Episcopal church, 424; First Pres- byterian church, 424; St. John's Catholic church, 424; St. Mary's church, 424; St. Michael's Catholic church, 424; Evangelical church, 424; Baptist church, 424; St. Mary's col- lege, Monroe, 430; First Presbyterian church, Monroe, 435; first officers of Golo club, 461; new postoffice, 479; Navarre, Peter, 506; Disbrow, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, 518; Jolmson, Colonel Oliver, 520; Bulkley, Major Gershom T., 523.
Visit to Chief Chenagar, 30.
Vivian, John, 915.
Vivian, Richard, 573.
Vivian, Robert G., 917.
Voyageur, 49.
Wabash R. R., 365. Wagner, Fred C., 732. Waldorf Mill, 398. Waldorf Paper Mills, 399.
Wallace, Samuel L., 794.
War declared, 171.
War of 1812, 87, 111.
Warner, Eugene, 930. Washington again upholds Michigan, 150. Washington street, Monroe (view), 472. Waterloo mills, 397, 989.
Water supply, question of, 470.
Weber, Frank D., 877.
Weier, Anton, 756.
Weier, August J., 757.
Weilnau, David, 786.
xxviii
INDEX
Weis Manufacturing Company, 399. Western pioneers of New France, 33. Whipping post used in Monroe, 545. Whipple, Edward M., 612. White, James A., 892.
White, Levi E., 675.
Whiteford quarries, 286.
Whiteford township, 250, 491; farm statistics, 327; organized, 491; first settler, 491; Candee family, 491; supervisor (1912), 494. Wildcat banking and banks, 343.
Wildcat schemes and panic of 1837, 363. Wild turkey and its ways, 309.
Williams, Maj .- Gen. John R., 168.
Willing, Christian, 661.
Willing, Christiana C., 661. Wilson, Alfred, 748.
Winchester, General, 57, 75, 80.
Winchester's report, 63.
Wing, Charles R., 753.
Wing, Talcott E., 263.
Wing, Hon. Warner, 258.
Winter sports on the ice, 391.
Wives making their own candles, 498. Woman's relief corps, 226.
"Wood rangers," 36. Wool and homespun cloth, 500. Wool and wheat markets, 351. Wool, General, 163. Woolmith quarries, 272.
Work of bank examiners, 347.
Work of state survey, 268.
Work of the police department, 469.
Wyandottes, 1, 4, 5.
Wyandottes neutral nation. 4.
Young People's Alliance Memorial Evan- gelical church of Monroe, 447.
Zabel, John G., 1019. Zink, Henry A., 673. Zink, John W., 583. Zink, Peter J., 672. Zion Lutheran church (view), 424.
1
History of Monroe County
CHAPTER I
UNDER THREE POWERS
CARTIER AND CHAMPLAIN-MARTYRDOM OF THE JESUIT FATHERS-THE WYANDOTTES (NEUTRAL NATION ) -JOLIET, MARQUETTE AND LASALLE -- DETROIT, THE KEY TO SUPREMACY-OUTAGAMIES THREATEN FRENCH COLONY-DETROIT FALLS TO THE BRITISH-PONTIAC'S CONSPIRACY- SIEGE OF FORT DETROIT.
The early European adventurers found these regions in the possession of numerous tribes of savages, divided into seperate communities and speaking various languages, but having a general resemblance in their manners and customs, their religion, government and institutions. Much labor and research have been devoted to the study of their origin and migrations. That they are branches of the great Tartar stock is gen- erally believed at the present day. Many points of resemblance, both physical and moral, leave little doubt upon the subject. But why, or when, or where the separation occurred, or by what route, or in what manner they were conducted from the plains of Asia to those of America, . it were vain to inquire, and impossible to tell.
CARTIER AND CHAMPLAIN
Three centuries have elapsed, since Jacques Cartier, the first Euro- pean adventurer who ascended the St. Lawrence, that great artery of these regions, landed upon the Island of Montreal, then called Hochelaga. He found it in the possession of a branch of the Wyandotte * stock of Indians, who had not long before subdued the more ancient inhabitants, and established themselves in their place. The slight record which the historians of this expedition has left, of the appearance and situation of the primitive people who occupied this continent before us, and whose descendants still occupy it with us, leave little room to doubt, that in all the essential features of character and condition, this branch of the human family has been as stationary as any whose records are known to us. That the coming of the white man among them has on the whole been injurious, there is too much reason to believe. But those day dreams of Arcadian innocence and peace, which assigned to the Indian every moral and physical blessing till he was stripped of them by the Christian spoiler, exist only where sentimental heads and warm hearts contemplate the picture formed by their own imaginations. It is only necessary in
* Early writers spell this word Wyandot; the present form is preferred.
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HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY
confirmation of the general position, to state that the various tribes were continually in a state of relentless warfare which could have no other termination than the destruction of one of the parties engaged in it.
Cartier was the pioneer, but Champlain was the founder of the French power upon this continent as Maissoneuve was the founder of Montreal (1641). For twenty years succeeding the commencement of the seventeenth century, he was zealously employed in planting and rearing upon the banks of the St. Lawrence that infant colony, which was destined to extend its branches to these shores, and finally to contest with its great rival Great Britain, the sovereignty of North America. Champlain displayed, in his adventurous life, traits of heroism, self- devotion, and perseverance which, under more favorable circumstances, would have placed him in the ranks of those whose deeds are the land- marks of history.
The progress of these settlements, their alternations of prosperity and adversity are peculiarly interesting to us, only as they exhibit the grad- ual and successive steps, by which a knowledge of these inland seas, and of the countries around them, was acquired, and the settlements estab- lished and extended. As the tide of French power flows toward this peninsula we become more anxious to trace its purposes and progress, and to inquire into the motives and means of the hardy adventurers, who were every year ascending, still farther and farther, the boundless waters before them. It was early discovered, that a profitable traffic in furs could be carried on with the Indians, and the excitement of gain prompted those engaged in it, to explore every avenue, by which the camps and hunting grounds of the Indians could be approached. A better and nobler feeling, too, brought to this work a body of learned and pious men, who left behind them their own world, with all its pleasures and attachments, and sought, in the depths of remote and unknown regions, objects for the exercises of their zeal and piety. The whole history of human character furnishes no more illustrious examples of self-devotion, than are to be found in the records of the establishments of the Roman Catholic missionaries, whose faith and fervor enabled them to combat the difficulties around them in life, or to triumph over them in death.
MARTYRDOM OF THE JESUIT FATHERS
The ordinary sufferings and hardships endured by the devoted Jesuit Fathers were small compared to the horrible tortures and unbelievable torments suffered at the hands of the bloodthirsty and inhuman Iroquois in the seventeenth century in the wilderness of Michigan. There is one statement by a coadjutor brother in the archives of Canada at Ottawa, written in French, a translation of which I have been permitted to copy. Neither the truth nor the authenticity of this "veritable account" can be doubted, and probably scores of other instances could be gathered confirming the impression and belief that the Iroquois tribe of Indians were fiends in human form, who killed for the pleasure of killing and derived pleasure from witnessing the sufferings of victims. This is a horrible and repulsive chronicle, that defies all efforts to reconcile it with the traditions of the Indian race as anything but noble. This is the only tribe which appears to have possessed the ferocity of malignant hatred toward the white race.
"Veritable Account of the martyrdom and most happy death of Father Jean de Brebœuf and Father Gabriel L'Allemant in New France, in the country of the Hurons, by the Iroquois enemies of the Faith."
"Father Jean de Brebœuf and Father Gabriel L'Allemant had set out from our cabin to go to a small bourg called St. Ignace, distant from
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HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY
our cabin about a short quarter of a league, to instruct the savages and the new Christians in that bourg.
"It was on the 16th day of March, in the morning, that we perceived a great fire at the place to which these two good fathers had gone. The fire made us very uneasy. We did not know whether it was enemies, or if the fire had taken in some of the huts of the village. The Rev. Father Paul Ragenau, our superior, immediately resolved to send some one to learn what might be the cause. But no sooner had we formed the design of going there to see, than we perceived several savages on the road coming straight towards us. We all thought it was the Iroquois who were coming to attack us, but having considered them more closely, we perceived that it was Hurons, who were flying from the fight and who had escaped from the combat. These poor savages caused great pity in us. They were all covered with wounds; one had his head fractured; another had his hand cut off by a blow from an axe. In fine, the day was passed receiving into our huts all these poor wounded people and in looking with compassion towards the fire, and the place where these two good fathers were. We saw the fire and the barbarians, but we could see nothing of our two fathers.
"Here is what these savages told us of the taking of the bourg St. Ignace, and of the Fathers Jean de Brebœuf and Gabriel L'Allemant :- "The Iroquois came to the number of twelve hundred men or more; took our village; took Father Brebœuf and his companion; set fire to the huts. Then they proceeded to discharge their rage on these two fathers, for they took them both and stripped them entirely naked, and fastened each to a post. They tied both of their hands together. They then tore the nails from their fingers. They beat them with a shower of blows from cudgels, on the shoulders, the loins, the belly, the legs, and the face, there being no part of their body that did not endure this tor- ment.
"They told us further: Although Father Brebœuf was overwhelmed under the weight of these blows, he did not cease continually to speak of God, and to encourage all the new Christians who were captives, like himself, to suffer well, that they might die well, in order that they might go in company with him to Paradise. While the good Father was thus encouraging these good people, a wretched Huron renegade, who had remained a captive with the Iroquois and whom Father Bre- bœuf had formerly instructed and baptized, hearing him thus speak of Paradise and Holy Baptism was irritated and said to him: 'Echon,' (that is Father Brebœuf's name in Huron) 'thou sayest that the bap- tism and the sufferings of this life lead straight to Paradise, thou wilt go soon, for I am going to baptize thee and to make thee suffer well in order to go the sooner to thy Paradise.' The barbarian having said that, took a kettle of boiling water, which he poured over his body three different times, in derision of Holy Baptism. And each time that the barbarian baptized him in this manner he said to him in bitter sarcasm, 'Go to Heaven, now, for you are well baptised.' After that they made him suffer several other torments. The first was to make a collar of red hot axes, and apply them to the loins and at the arm pits. They made six of these axes red hot, taking a large withe of green wood, passed this through the large end of the axes, joined the two ends of the withe together and put it around the neck of the sufferer. I have seen no torment which moved me with more compassion than this; for you see, a man bound naked to a post who having this collar on his neck, cannot tell what posture to take. For if he lean forward, those above his shoul- ders bear the more upon him; if he lean back, those on his chest or stomach make him suffer the same torment; and if he keep erect, without
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HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY
leaning entire forward or back, the burning axes applied equally on both sides, give him a double torture. After that they put upon him a belt full of pitch and rosin and set fire to it, which roasted his whole body. During all these torments, Father Brebœuf endured like a rock insensible to fire and flames, which astonished all the bloodthirsty wretches who tormented him. His zeal was so great that he preached continually to these infidels to try to convert them. His executioners were enraged against him, for constantly speaking to them of God and conversion. To prevent him from further speaking to them of God, they cut off his upper and lower lips. After that they set themselves to strip the flesh from his legs, thighs and arms to the very bone, and put it to roast before his eyes, in order to eat it. Whilst they tormented him in this manner, these wretches derided him, saying, 'thou seest well that we treat thee as a friend, since we shall be the cause of thy eternal happiness; thank us then for these good offices we render thee for the more thou shalt suffer, the more shalt thy God reward thee.' These villains, seeing that the good father was growing weak, made him sit on the ground, took a knife and cut out his heart, which they roasted and ate. Others came and drank his blood, using their both hands. This is what we learned of the martyrdom and most happy death of Father Jean de Brebœuf, by several Christian savages worthy of belief, who had been constantly present from the time the good father was taken, until his death. Father Brebœuf was taken on the 16th of March in the morning in the year 1649. I had the happiness of carrying both Father Brebœuf and Father Gabriel L'Allemant to their graves, both having died on the same day of their torture. It is not a doctor of the Sorbonne who has written this. It is a remnant from the Iroquois, and a person who has lived more than thought.
"Your humble and obedient servant,
"CHRISTOPHE REGNAUT,
"Coadjutor Brother with the Jesuits of Caen, 1678, companion of Fathers Brebœuf and L'Allemant, above mentioned."
THE WYANDOTTES; NEUTRAL NATIONS
Through the Catholic missionaries and French fur dealers, a knowl- edge of the great features of the continent was gradually acquired, and the circle of French power and influence enlarged. As early as 1632, seven years only after the foundations of Quebec were laid, the mis- sionaries had penetrated to Lake Huron, and Father Sagard has left an interesting narrative of their toils and sufferings, upon its bleak and sterile shores. The Wyandottes had been driven into that region, from the banks of the St. Lawrence, by their inveterate enemies the Iroquois, the tales of whose conquests made up a large part of the romance of Indian history. The priests accompanied them in their expatriation, and if they could not prevent their sufferings, they shared them. No portion of these wide domains was secure from the conquering Iro- quois, and they pursued their discomfitted enemies with relentless fury. Little would be gained by an attempt to describe the events of this exterminating warfare: Villages were sacked; men, women and chil- dren murdered; and by day and by night, in winter and in summer, there was neither rest nor safety for the vanquished. The character of the missionaries did not exempt them from a full participation in the misfortunes of their converts, and many of them were murdered at the . foot of the altar, with the crucifix in their hands, and the name of God
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HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY
upon their lips. Many were burned at the stake,* with all the accom- paniments of savage ingenuity, which add intensity to the pangs of the victims, and duration of their sufferings. But nothing could shake the fortitude of these apostles of benevolence. The feeble remnant of the once powerful Wyandottes sought and found refuge among the Sioux, in the country west of Lake Superior. Here they remained, until the power of their enemies was reduced by contests with the French, when they descended the Upper Lakes, and established themselves in this locality.
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