USA > Michigan > Monroe County > History of Monroe County, Michigan : a narrative account of its historical progress, its people, and its principal interests Volume II > Part 53
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On May 6, 1868, in St. Mary's church of Monroe, Mr. Navarre married Maretta A. Peltier, daughter of Ezekiel Peltier and Mary . (Laduc) Peltier. Mrs. Navarre was educated in the Boyd Seminary and Convent at Monroe. Their children are as follows: Joseph A. Navarre, born October 22, 1872, now in the electric business at Toledo; George W. C. Navarre, born June 15, 1876, a traveling salesman, whose headquarters and residence are at Detroit; Mary V. Navarre, born February 25, 1882, now the wife of Ben J. Dansard, a banker of Mon- roe; Edith M. Navarre, born August 18, 1883, who resides at home; and Leo J. Navarre, born March 31, 1885, a banker in Essexville, Michigan.
GEORGE W. STONER. The history of a nation is nothing more than a history of the individuals comprising it, and as they are characterized by loftier or lower ideals, actuated by the spirit of ambition or indiffer- ence, so it is with a state, county, or town. Success along any line of endeavor would never be properly appreciated if it came with a single effort and unaccompanied by some hardships, for it is the knocks and bruises in life that make success taste so sweet. The failures accentuate the successes, thus making recollections of the former as dear as those of the latter for having been stepping-stones to achievement. The career of George W. Stoner but accentuates the fact that success is bound to come to those who join brains with ambition and are willing to work. For a number of years past Mr. Stoner has been associated with John Kelting, of Toledo, in the fishing business. He resides at Monroe, in Monroe county, Michigan, and his big catches are made in Lake Erie, the Detroit river and in some of the smaller Canada lakes.
George W. Stoner was born in the city of Monroe, Michigan, Novem- ber 4, 1855, and he is a son of Capt. John Stoner, who was for many years engaged in the passenger and freight business on the Great Lakes. IIe was captain of many prominent passenger and freight boats, as well as of merchant vessels, during his entire active career. He died in 1903. The maiden name of Captain Stoner's wife was Eliza Devil- biss. She was a native of Reading, Pennsylvania, whence she accom- panied her parents to Monroe, Michigan, while still a child. She is still living and is eighty-two years of age. There are three sons, namely : William C., register of deeds of Monroe county ; John, of Monroe; and George W., the immediate subject of this review.
To the public schools and the high school of Monroe, Mr. Stoner, of this review, is indebted for his early educational training. At the age of fifteen years he joined his father in the lake service and for a number of years thereafter held various positions on boats of which his father was captain. In 1884 he decided to engage in the fishing business and in that enterprise soon became associated with John Kelting of Toledo,
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the Keltings being great wholesale fishing merchants at Toledo. Mr. Stoner in his catch uses the most improved nets of lake make and he utilizes about three launches in the transportation of his fish to market at Toledo, after shipping from five to seven tons of fish of all kinds, including lake sturgeon, white fish, bass, sheephead, bull- heads, and perch. Most of his fish are caught in Lake Erie, the Detroit river and some of the small Canada lakes. He has won decided success in the fishing business and is well versed in fishing lore.
In politics Mr. Stoner is a stalwart Republican and while he has never held any public office he is ever on the alert to do all in his power to advance the welfare of his home community. In a fraternal way he is affiliated with Monroe Lodge No. 19, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and with the Knights of the Maccabees. In addition to a fine brick residence at 302 First street, he is the owner of several other houses in Monroe, all of which are in good repair and which rent out at good figure. He is regarded as one of the loyal and enterprising citizens of Monroe and as such is accorded the unalloyed confidence and esteem of all with whom he has come in contact.
In 1882 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Stoner to Miss Eliza B. Baker, a native of Vermilion, Ohio, and a daughter of James Baker. Mr. and Mrs. Stoner have seven children, whose names are here recorded in respective order of birth,-Frank, Minnie, George, Maude, John, Margaret and Florence. Frank Stoner is superintendent of the Wilder- Strong Implement Company. In their religious faith the Stoner family are devout members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the different departments of which they are most zealous workers.
JOHN MAURER. For nearly forty years one of the leading con- tractors and builders in Monroe city and county has been JJohn Maurer, to whose skill and constructive ability a large share of the building business in this locality has been directed. Many of the homes, busi- ness blocks, churches and schools in Monroe stand as monuments to his work. St. Mary's College is one of the structures erected by him, and during 1911 and 1912 he built the $100,000 high school. His work also includes the erection of the city power plant, the Monroe water and gas plant, and many other well known places.
Mr. Maurer has spent nearly all his life in this county, but was born in Livingston county, New York, February, 1851, being a son of Nicholas and Margaret Maurer. In 1854 the family came west and settled in Raisinville township, this county, where the father bought a farm of one hundred acres with good building improvements, and that was the homestead for many years. There the father passed away in 1897, and the mother in 1871. There was a large family of children, eight in number. seven sons and one daughter, named as follows: John; Henry ; George, deceased ; Jacob : Leonard ; Frank, deceased ; John ; and Barbara, who married and is now deceased.
John Maurer spent his early life on the farm, attending the village school at Raisinville and later the Monroe high school. When he was twelve years old he left school, and for six or seven years assisted his father on the farm. In his nineteenth year he married Miss Mary
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Scheck, the daughter of William Scheck, and soon after their marriage he went into the building and contracting business, which he has fol- lowed with so much success ever since. Mr. and Mrs. Maurer live in a substantial residence at 11 Adams street, and their family of eight children are named as follows: Margaret, Lizzie, Joseph, William, John, Charles, Elstha, and Raymond. Besides his home, Mr. Maurer is the owner of considerable other city property. In politics he is a Democrat, and he and his family are members of the St. Michael's Catholic church, in which he served as a member of the board of trustees for a number of years.
JOHN SCHRAUDER. The well known and substantial citizen to whom this sketch is dedicated has long been prominently and actively identified with business interests in the city of Monroe, where he is now living virtually retired, after many years of close and successful identification with the meat market and packing industry, the enterprise being still continued by members of the Schrauder family, under the firm name of Schrauder & Company, and the meat packing business of the concern being the largest and most prosperous of the kind in southern Michigan. John Schrauder has been essentially one of the world's productive workers and his integrity and honor have been on a parity with his energy and industry, so that he is held in unqualified esteem in the county which has been his home from his boyhood days.
Mr. Schrauder was born in the grand duchy of Bavaria, Germany, on the 12th of May, 1841, and there secured his rudimentary educa- tion. He is a son of Erhardt and Mary Schrauder, and in 1853, when he was a lad of twelve years, he came with his father to America, the wife and mother having died in their home in Germany. The family landed in New York City and came thence directly to Monroe. Erhardt Schrauder had learned the butcher's trade in his native land and he soon opened a meat market in Monroe. From 1862 until 1865 John worked in Chicago packing houses and upon his return he became a member of the firm of Heck & Schrauder, under which title the enter- prise was continued for a number of years. The Schrauder Brothers then purchased the interest of Mr. Heck, and after the death of the father, the interested principals in the firm of Schrauder Brothers were John, Conrad and George Schrauder. After several years of successful business the firm name was changed in 1891 to John . Schrauder & Sons, and this title was retained until 1903. In that year the firm of John Schrauder & Sons (the sons being George J. and Frank S.) and that of Erhardt and Edwin M. Schrauder were incorporated, and included Conrad, Michael and Joseph C., under the firm name of Schrauder & Company, doing a general meat and packing business. It is a known fact that John Schrauder was a dominating force in the upbuilding of the extensive business now controlled by this representa- tive firm, and in the concern at the present time the interested prin- cipals are eight members of the Schrauder family, the subject of this . review still retaining an interest in the business. The firm has three retail markets in Monroe, and the facilities and service of the same are, as may well be inferred, maintained at the highest standard. Besides
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A.D. Hoffman.
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these city markets the firm has a large and essentially modern refrig- erating and packing plant, situated about half a mile west of Monroe, and in the same a general meat packing industry is carried on, with a specialty made of curing and packing meats and fine sausage. The products of the establishment are known for their superiority and the trade of the same is widely disseminated. The industry has proved a most important and valuable contribution to the commercial activities of Monroe, and the firm buys large numbers of cattle and hogs, not only in Monroe county and other sections of Michigan, but also in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, from which states they ship in carload lots. . The packing department of the enterprise is under the management of Conrad Schrauder, with George J. Schrauder as superintendent. The firm is one that has long enjoyed the highest reputation in trade circles and the interested principals are all men of energy, progressiveness, and distinctive business ability. John Schrauder is the eldest of seven brothers, those besides himself connected with the present firm being namely, Conrad, Michael, and Erhardt; the other members are George J., Frank S. and Joseph C., the sons of John, and Edwin M., the son of Conrad. John Schrauder was president for five years, and has gradually retired from active business.
In addition to the enterprise which perpetuates his name, Mr. Schrauder is also a substantial stockholder in the B. Dansard & Sons State Bank, one of the oldest and most substantial financial institutions of Monroe.
The family home is a spacious and goodly residence at the corner of Front and Smith streets, and there a generous hospitality is extended to a wide circle of friends. While never desirous of entering the tur- bulence of practical politics, Mr. Schrauder gives a stanch allegiance to the Democratic party and as a citizen he has been progressive and public spirited, appreciative of the advantages which have enabled him to gain substantial success and prosperity in the county that has long been his home. He and his family are zealous communicants of the Catholic church, in which they are identified with the parish of St. Michael's church.
On the 14th of November, 1867, Mr. Schrauder was united in mar- riage with Miss Elizabeth Kirschner, who was born and reared in Monroe, where her father, the late Andrew Kirschner, was an early settler and a highly esteemed citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Schrauder had three sons, all of whom are included in the firm of Schrauder & Com- pany, and a daughter who died in infancy. The wife and mother died on December 19, 1895.
HENRY D. HOFFMAN. A native son of Monroe who has here attained marked success and prestige as one of the representative business men of the beautiful "Floral City" of Michigan, is Henry D. Hoffman, who is a member of one of the sterling German pioneer families of Monroe county and who has been engaged in the millinery and ladies' furnish- ing business in Monroe for more than a quarter of a century. He has an establishment which is metropolitan in stock and appointment and which caters to a large and representative trade,-the same indicating
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alike the high quality of service accorded and also the personal popu- larity of the enterprising proprietor. Mr. Hoffman has been most progressive in his business activities and his success has been the direct result of his own efforts and ability, the while his course has been ordered upon a high plane of integrity and honor, so that he has secured place in the confidence and esteem of the community which has represented his home from the time of his birth to the present. On other pages of this publication is entered a memoir to his honored father, the late Leopold Hoffman, and thus further review of the family history is not required in the present article.
Henry Daniel Hoffman was born in the city of Monroe, Michigan, on the 20th day of May, 1867, and he gained his early educational train- ing in the parochial schools of his native city. Later he continued his studies in an academic institution, viz., St. Mary's College, in the city of Dayton, Ohio, and he finally entered Assumption College, at Sand- wich, in the province of Ontario, Canada, where he was a student for one year. After leaving college he held for a time the position of clerk in a mercantile establishment in Monroe, but his ambition and self- reliance soon prompted him to initiate an independent business career. In 1886, when but nineteen years of age, he founded his present flour- ishing business enterprise. He began operations on a modest scale, but by energy, progressive policies and careful attention to the demands of an appreciative patronage he has built up a substantial business, while he has made his establishment one of the most attractive and metropoli- tan of the mercantile concerns of his native city. His store, favorably situated on Front street, is twenty by one hundred feet in dimensions, is modern in all its appointments and accessories, and in the same are carried complete and select lines of the most approved products in fashionable millinery, fancy dry goods and ladies' furnishing goods. In addition to controlling this prosperous business, Mr. Hoffman is vice president of the United States Silver Mines Company, Ltd., of Elk Lake, Ontario, incorporated under the laws of the province of Ontario, Canada, and this property, now under effective development, is proving rich in its silver and cobalt output. Mr. Hoffman is also a stockholder in the First National Bank of Monroe; a director of the Elkhart Manufacturing Company, makers of high and low tension mag- netos, and has other interests which extend beyond the confines of his regular business.
The social and fraternal relations of Mr. Hoffman include member- ship in the St. Helen's Shooting Club, of St. Helen, Michigan; the O. L. Club and the Yacht Club, both of Monroe, and the Cleveland Athletic Club, of Cleveland, Ohio.
Mr. Hoffman is known as a loyal and progressive citizen and as one ever ready to lend his cooperation in the furtherance of enterprises advanced for the general good of his native city or county. Though he has had no predilection for political office, he accords a staunch alle- giance to the Democratic party, and he and his family are earnest communicants of the Catholic church, in which they are valued mem- bers of the important and historic old parish of St. Mary's church.
On August 16, 1886, Mr. Hoffman married Miss Mary L. Knauf, of
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Monroe, born there on August 2, 1861. Three daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hoffman, as follows: Eva Mary, born September 8, 1889; Loretta Isabella, born June 15, 1891; and Abigail Adeline, born November 26, 1893. The eldest is a graduate of St. Mary's College, in 1910; the second born, Loretta, was graduated from the College of St. Theresa, at Winona, Minnesota, in 1912, and the third daughter will graduate from St. Mary's College in 1913. The family is one which merits and enjoys the highest esteem in Monroe, and their beautiful home on North Macomb street has long been the center of generous hospitality.
JOHN G. ZABEL. A citizen of prominence and influence at Monroe. Michigan, is John Golden Zabel, who has here held the position of circuit court reporter since January, 1907. He manifests a deep and sincere interest in community affairs and is ever on the alert to do all in his power to forward such measures and enterprises as are projected for . the good of the general welfare.
A native of Monroe county, Michigan, John Golden Zabel was born in the village of Petersburg, January 8, 1882, and he is a son of John O. Zabel, who was born in New York, whence he came to Monroe county as a youth with his parents, whose names were John and Sophia Zabel. He had received his preliminary educational training in, and was grad- uated from, the Petersburg high school. He then began the study of law and was matriculated as a student in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in the law department of which excellent institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1879, duly receiving his degree of Bachelor of Laws. He initiated the active practice of his profession at Petersburg, and for a time was associated in a business way with Judge Golden; later, in 1894, he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he now controls a large and lucrative practice.
The first in order of birth in a family of two children, John Golden Zabel received his rudimentary educational discipline in the public schools of Petersburg, in the high school of which place he was grad- uated in 1899. He then taught for three years in the rural schools of this county, following which he pursued a commercial course in Cleary Business College, at Ypsilanti, from which institution he graduated in 1903, after which he turned his attention to teaching school, being employed during the ensuing three and one-half years as principal of the commercial department in the Mt. Clemens high school. In Janu- ary, 1907, he resigned his position at Mt. Clemens and was immediately appointed, by Governor Warner, as circuit court reporter of the Thirty- eighth judicial circuit of Michigan, a position he has since continued to hold.
In his political convictions Mr. Zabel is an uncompromising Repub- lican and for the past two years he has served as chairman of the Republican City committee. He is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member and officer of Monroe Lodge, No. 27, Free and Accepted Masons; and of River Raisin Chapter, No. 22, Royal Arch Masons. In their religious faith he and his wife are devout members of the Meth-
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odist Episcopal church, in the different departments of whose work they are most zealous factors.
On the 26th of June, 1907, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Zabel to Miss Nellie Cady, of Mt. Clemens, a daughter of Louis T. Cady, an old and highly respected citizen of Mt. Clemens. Mr. and Mrs. Zabel have one child-Mary Elizabeth, whose birth occurred on the 12th of September, 1908. The Zabel home is at No. 262 North Macomb street and the same is often the scene of attractive social gatherings.
PHILANDER SHELDON ROOT, M. D. The subject of this sketch, the youngest of the six children of Erastus Clark and Jane French Root, was born in Vernon, New York, April 26, 1856, on the farm of his father, where he led the life of a farmer's boy in his early youth; but the yearnings for an education and the broader life which that brings, took him away from the parental acres and led him through the country schools, into the Vernon Academy, from which he graduated in 1872, at the age of sixteen. Teaching seemed to be the logical pursuit of a scholar, and as a pedagogue he began the battle of life and followed that occupation for the matter of six years, principally in places not far distant from his boyhood home.
Finally he went to Springfield, Ohio, where he still followed the occupation of "teaching the young idea" for some time, and where the desire for some more congenial profession manifested itself, and, having determined upon a change, he was soon on the road to joining the med- ical profession, possibly at the suggestion of an old home friend and practitioner. He returned to Vernon and entered the office, as a student, of Dr. A. F. Gary, and while pursuing his studies there continued teach- ing until 1879. Wishing for a medical college course, Detroit College of Medicine was recommended by Dr. Gary, of which he himself was a graduate. Entering this institution in 1879, he graduated in 1881 with the reputation of being one of the most conscientious and hard working students of his class. After his graduation, and while casting about for a location in which to exhibit a very new and highly gilded "shingle," the newly made disciple of Esculapius accidentally met a physician from Monroe, Dr. William C. West, who later became Dr. Root's father-in-law. Dr. West was at this time about removing from Monroe to a city farther west, and offered Dr. Root the opportunity to purchase his office and practice in the charming little city which was to become his home; this location was soon settled upon, and in September, 1881, the young doctor was firmly established in the practice of his predecessor, and fell into the ways and lives of the good people of the Floral City as naturally as "to the manner born." As a general practitioner he has met with great success, while as a specialist in those ailments of the lungs and air pas- sages which are largely prevalent in this county, he has made a note- worthy record and has a record in the profession which stands among the highest.
Believing that continued study is essential to progress in his pro- fession, and aiming to keep always in the front rank, Dr. Root is an earnest and practical student. Early in his professional career he established the habit of keeping systematic data and notes of interest-
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ing and intricate cases. The results of his observations have in many instances been published as monographs in various medical publications, among others, the Medical Age, Medical Record, Therapeutic Gazette, American Lancet, etc., whose editors welcome with enthusiasm the doc- tor's contributions.
Dr. Root is president of the Monroe County Medical Society, director in B. Dansard & Sons State Bank, and president of the Bank of New- port. For some years Dr. Root was a member of the board of education and in his official capacity always manifested the most active interest in all that pertained to the improvement of the public schools.
Two children were born to Dr. Root and his wife, Anna West Root: Erastus Clark Root, who died while a student at Orchard Lake Military Academy, and Mary B., who married Irving A. Newcomer of Monroe, and resides on Elm avenue, Monroe.
HONORABLE JOHN STRONG, of South Rockwood, the subject of this sketch, was born in Greenfield township, Wayne county, Michigan, April 7, 1830. His father came from England to Canada, thence removing to Michigan and settling upon a tract of five hundred acres in 1827, near Detroit, which was the homestead for many years. Mr. Strong removed to South Rockwood in 1863, and might truthfully be said to have been the founder of the town, inasmuch as it has been through his untiring in- dustry, devotion to the interests of the community and large investments there that the town has become one of the largest and most flourishing in the county. Mr. Strong's early education was obtained in the common schools of his native county, and when still a very young man he entered upon the pursuit of farming in the township in which he was born. He removed not long thereafter to South Rockwood and began an active career as a merchant and manufacturer, which eventually comprised, also, farming, stock-raising, milling and other allied industries. In stock hie specialized in short-horned cattle, very much to the improvement of the breeds already on the farms in his township. Mr. Strong's business in the manufacture of staves and heading, and in the manufacture of flour reached large proportions, and in 1868 he built a schooner at the mouth of Huron river for transportation of his products to Detroit and other nearby ports.
In politics Mr. Strong was a pronounced Democrat of the Jefferson and Jackson type, and has served his county and the state in offices of trust and honor. He was elected to the house of representatives in 1861, from Wayne county, and again in 1869 after he had taken residence in the county of Monroe. In 1880, Mr. Strong was elected to the state senate and reelected to this office in 1882, where he served with ability and the approval of his constituents.
In 1891 Mr. Strong was nominated by his party for lieutenant gov- ernor, and was elected.
"When the legislature met," said Mr. Strong in an interview with a newspaper correspondent, not long ago, ."there were strenuous times in the senate. As I recall it, there were sixteen Democratic and fifteen Republican members, with one seat contested. During the intense feel- ing prevailing, a Republican convention was held in Jackson, and all of Vol. II-27
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the Republican senators took it into their heads that they would attend, and did so without the formality of asking the customary leave. This enabled the Democratic minority to improve the opportunity of 'doing things' that were most congenial to them, without any hindrance, being unanimously Democratic. One of the natural things that was done was to settle the contested seat by giving it to the Democrat, and afterwards unseating one of the absent Republicans and to put in another Democrat. This change, of course, reversed the vote in the senate, the Democrats having eighteen and the Republicans fourteen. The frame of mind of the Republicans upon their return, and the discovery of what had been done was one that can easily be imagined. They were furious; and en- deavored to undo what the Democrats had done, but the case was hope- less, which their opponents realized, and which would have been their own tactics had the case been reversed."
Mr. Strong derives more satisfaction and declares he has done more good in one of the humbler township offices which he fills, than in any other, that of school director, which he has held for fifty years or more, consecutively. He takes justified pride in the public schools in his town which he claims are second to none in the county. He has been liberal in his dealings and in his treatment of the community's interests; he has built a substantial and tasteful church (Evangelical), which is used by all Protestant denominations. He also has been generous to all move- ments, looking to the betterment of his little community.
The children who were born to John Strong and his wife, Emily Buhl, were Alice (Mrs. J. W. Haven), George, Henry, and Ida, wife of Frank L. Edwards of South Rockwood; Frank, and Cora who is the wife of Hon. H. C. Bulkley, of Detroit; all of these are living except Anna, who died in infancy.
Mrs. Strong died April 3, 1912, at the age of seventy-nine years, be- loved by the entire community for her excellent qualities of mind and heart.
JOHN MCCLELLAND BULKLEY was born in Monroe, June 25, 1840. His father, Gershom Taintor Bulkley, was one of the pioneer New Eng- land settlers in this city in 1833 .* His mother was Julia A. Kellogg Bulkley, a member of one of the oldest families of Massachusetts. He was the youngest of a family of ten children; of his five brothers and four sisters, none are now living. His father and mother died at their home in Monroe at an advanced age, respectively, eighty-four and ninety- three years.
Mr. Bulkley received his early education in the public and private schools of Monroe. In 1852, the Monroe Young Men's and Boys' Acad- emy was established by the prominent men of the city as a preparatory school for collegiate education. In this school Mr. Bulkley had for classmates Maj .- Gen. George A. Custer, Judge Conway W. Noble, Dr. Henry B. Landon, Hon. Harry A. Conant and other Monroe men who in later years became distinguished in their professions or in public life.
At an early age he entered into the employment of James Armitage, with whom he remained for about ten years. In 1865 he married Mary Disbrow Cole, the youngest daughter of Hon. Thomas G. Cole and
* See biographical sketch on page 522.
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a granddaughter of Henry Disbrow, the civil engineer who laid out and platted the village of Monroe, upon its organization in 1817. Mr. Bulkley afterwards became connected with the wholesale firm of Root & Barbour of Detroit; and later engaged with his brother Charles in the retail dry-goods business in Monroe. After his brother's retire- ment from the firm in 1874, Mr. Bulkley continued in the dry-goods business until the early '80s, at which time he sold his stock to parties in Manistee, Michigan, when he retired from active connection with the business. He afterwards became connected with the Fairbanks company, scale and valve manufacturers of New York, which connection continued for a long period of years, during which he represented that company in their western business.
Mr. Bulkley has for many years devoted a large part of his time to literary pursuits and has been an almost constant contributor to quar- terlies, the magazines and press. His literary work has been largely devoted to travel and to the history of Michigan and to the particular locality in which he lives. This recently led to his selection by the Lewis Publishing Company, as editor of this history of Monroe county.
Mr. Bulkley is the father of three children : Mary L., who on Decem- ber 3, 1902, married Arthur Charles Tagge, a mechanical-electrical engi- neer, of Chicago, a graduate of the University of Michigan, and now general superintendent of the Canada Cement Company, Limited, with headquarters at Montreal, where they now reside; Grace Chetwood, who died September 16, 1886, at Monroe, at the age of eleven years; and Harry Conant Bulkley, born March 7, 1870, a member of the law firm of Campbell, Bulkley & Ledyard, of Detroit, who married on August 23, 1899, Cora Strong Flint. Their children are John McClelland, 2nd, Mary Disbrow, and Helen Chauncey. They reside at 165 Seminole avenue, Detroit.
The subject of this sketch is a member of the National Geographic Society, State Pioneer and Historical Society, Monroe Yacht Club and the First Presbyterian church of Monroe. ,
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Conservator's Report Bentley Historical Library
Title: Bulkley. History of Monroe County (2 vols. )
Received: Book bound with tunnel-back-style binding. Cover was full leather. Leather was friable and abraded. Joints were broken. Headbands were loose. Book was sewn all along over recessed cords. Sewing was sound. Paper was in good condition. Boards were of solid binder's board.
Treatment: Disbound book. Paste washed spine. Deacidified. Lined the spine. Added new machine-woven headbands. Rebound in new cover of 1/4 leather with cloth sides in case-style binding.
Materials: Talas wheat paste. Ehlermann's LAL 215 PVA adhesive. Barbours linen thread. PROMATCO heavy-duty endsheet paper. Machine-woven headbands. Backing flannel. Davey "Red Label" binder's board. Oasis Morocco leather. 23K gold.
Date work completed: August 1993
Signed:
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