USA > Michigan > St Joseph County > History of St. Joseph county, Michigan, with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, palatial residences, public buildings, fine blocks, and important manufactories > Part 42
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BUSINESS OF 1876.
General Merchandise-Eacker & Barry, Wells & Calam, F. C. Langley, John W. Simons, A. W. Luther.
Groceries, Crockery, etc .- D. E. Wilson.
Boots and Shoes-Easterbrook & Thomas.
Clothing and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods-E. Howser, - Melcher, Roberts & Davy, Nathan B. Kahn.
Lumber-Oliver Harwood.
Millinery and Ladies' Furnishing Goods-Mrs. Betsey E. Thomas, Mrs. M. J. Cox, Mrs. Bancker, R. L. Dunlap, - Karchner.
Newsdealer-J. P. Gladding.
Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, etc .- Haslett & Gladding, Young & Mor- rison, F. M. Crossette.
Hardware-Jones & Harvey, Hoselton & George.
Tinsmith-John Roy.
Agricultural Implements, etc .- Castle Brothers.
Fruit and Vegetables-Garnett & Kline.
Watches and Jewelry-William Henry, G. W. O'Harra, O. M. Bates.
Dressmaking and Family Sewing-Mrs. Huff, Mrs. Cross, Mrs. A. J.
David, Mrs. Buchanan.
Livery-John Barnard, Levi Root.
Meat Markets-J. P. Drake, Fred. Welborn, Pidgeon & Harvey.
Draymen-George Davis, H. Scribner.
Artisans.
Designers and Contractors-C. F. Greene, M. L. Ernst.
Painters-Malle Bandholtz, W. E. Bandholtz, J. Russell, D. Rider, J. Teesdale, George Driggs.
Carpenters and Joiners-Israel Diefenderfer, Henry Holmes, J. P. Hum- mer, Harry Hutchinson (miller and millwright), W. W. Clement, Nathan Cradit, John Melvin, Silas Walker, G. C. Sayles, G. H. Jacobs, W. Engel- mann, S. Whitmore, I. Curtis.
Stone and Brick Masons, &c .- Daniel Paul, Lewis Cross, J. C. Tague, D. W. Smith, E. Force, M. L. Ward, - Butler, John Cannada, Oscar Can- nada, E. Shaw, Charles Otis, - Syler.
Manufacturers.
Merchant Millers, and Produce Dealers-Edwards & Harwood, D. Frazier.
Saw-Mill and Lumber-Bonebright & French.
Foundry and Machine-Shop-George & Tweedale, William Patterson.
2.10 London and W. W. Modie.
Blacksmithing-Thomas Hawkin, George Dutch.
Pumps-Levi Machemer, A. L. Hatfield.
Furniture-Charles N. Barnum.
Harness-Clinton Doolittle, E. B. Easterbrook.
Harness-Oil and Soaps-Marden & Rossman.
Cigars-D. J. Harrison, A. M. Butler.
Cooperage-John Daniels, C. A. Borst, Russell Reddy, Alonzo Evans. Bakery-George Offinger.
Fair and competent business men estimate the amount of capital employed in business in Constantine at the present time (January, 1877), at from one- half million to six hundred thousand dollars.
The press is represented by the Mercury, Levi T. Hull, editor and propri- etor, and the Journal, the detailed history of which will be found in the general history of the press of the county.
THE SCHOOLS.
The first school taught in Constantine was kept by Thomas Charlton in the winter of 1830-31, in the basement or cellar of Niles F. Smith's store, the master interspersing his pedagogical duties with those of salesman. The seats were hewed-logs, with saplings for legs, and the desks rough-board counters nailed against the walls of the cellar. One door gave ingress and
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HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
egress for the prisoners, and one small window gave them a "pale, ineffectual light," more dim than religious. Charlton gave his pupils a Christmas din- ner of sweet-cake and "goodies," to make their confinement less irksome.
Joseph Bonebright and his sister, now Mrs. A. B. George, were among those first pupils; they are still residents of Constantine, and look daily upon the magnificent outgrowth from such insignificent seeding, the union school of Constantine, where their children are gaining an education forty-five years afterward. Luther Lowell taught the next school in a little building on the corner opposite, eastward of the First National Bank, and was the pedagogue of Constantine for several years.
The first school-house was built in 1832, and was a small frame-building, built jointly by the towns-people and the Baptist church-society, Deacon William Churchill giving the hewed timber therefor. It was used for religious meetings by all parties until the Presbyterian session-house was built in 1839, when it became the general meeting-house until other churches were built some years later. The first school in the school-house was taught by a Mr. Laflin, in the winter of 1832-33, and after him Mr. Lowell came in again. The old school-house is now doing duty as a residence for a Mr. James, in a nursery near town.
In 1847 the second house was built on the same ground as the first, to wit, near the present Reformed church. The school-house was completed and a school taught in it the winter of 1847-48, William B. Patch being the first teacher. Governor John S. Barry was the moderator ; Hon. Joseph R. Williams, director, and Franklin Wells, assessor of the district. Mr. Patch taught three months at twenty-five dollars per month, and the rate-bill for teachers' wages was fifty-four dollars and fifty cents, the balance being paid out of the primary school-fund received from the State. Mr. Patch taught two quarters additional, and the whole income of the district for the year 1847 -48 was three hundred and sixty-six dollars and ninety-three cents, and there were one hundred and ninety-five children in the district between four and eighteen years of age. In September, 1848, the board employed two teachers, a male and female, and classified the scholars according to their scholastic attainments; Miss Elizabeth Ellsworth being the assistant and teacher of the second grade, at sixteen dollars per month, Mr. Patch receiv- ing thirty dollars for the first grade. In 1849, Miss Ellsworth and her sister Almira were engaged for five months to teach the school, at sixteen dollars per month each ; and twelve months school voted for in 1849-50.
In October, 1852, Hon. H. H. Riley, Charles G. Wait and Thomas Mitchell were appointed a building-committee, and, on their report, the annual meeting of the district in September, 1853, voted to build a brick school-house on the same site, thirty by sixty feet on the ground, of two stories. A contract was made with Almeron Bristol to build the same for three thousand dollars. The cost of bell and blinds and seating was seven hundred dollars, and the building was completed and ready for occu- pancy in 1855. Eight hundred and twenty-one dollars ninety-one cents were paid for teachers the first year of the new school-house, 1855-56.
On the 26th of September, 1859, the district voted to incorporate the same under the law of 1859, for union school purposes, and elected the following board of trustees : Levi T. Hull and George W. Waterson, one year; George M. Clark and Franklin Wells, two years; Francis J. Morse and Thomas Mitchell, three years. Twenty-five dollars raised by the people by enter- tainments, were donated to the new regime for apparatus. The first teachers in the union school were Daniel Lantz, principal; Nancy Hull, James H. Thurber, German Brown, D. H. Davis, Willard P. Straight and Sarah Straight, assistants.
The total receipts for 1859-60, the first free school taught in Constantine, were one thousand three hundred and forty-one dollars and ninety-three cents, and teachers' wages amounted to one thousand one hundred and forty- seven dollars and ninety-two cents. In 1862, two hundred and eighteen dollars and fifty-three cents were received from non-resident pupils as tuition fees. In 1866 the school was graded into four departments, primary, inter- mediate, grammer and high-school, E. G. Reynolds, principal.
In 1867 a new school-house was voted, and twenty thousand dollars appro- priated therefor-a new site was selected on block forty-two of the original village plat, and the plans of the house, drawn by Leon C. Welch, adopted. The new house was completed in 1869, at a cost, including site and furnish- ing, of thirty-two thousand five hundred and forty-five dollars and twelve cents, which was raised in instalments of three thousand dollars per annum, except the first five thousand dollars, which was provided for the first year, 1867. W. H. H. Miller was the contractor. The old school-building and lot were sold for two thousand six hundred dollars, and the additional twelve thousand dollars was voted in 1869. The last bond was provided for in the tax of 1876, and the district is now out of debt.
The house is situated on the crown of the rising ground in the southwest- ern part of the village, and overlooks the country for miles around. It is in the form of a Greek cross, and has an area equal to eighty by eighty feet. It has three stories and a basement, with Mansard roof. The material is white brick, with a most solidly constructed foundation and basement of bowlder-stone. It is heated with furnaces, most thoroughly ventilated, and cared for with scrupulous neatness by the janitor, who has his residence in the basement.
The house furnishes six hundred and fifty sittings, aside from the hall. There are ten school-rooms, ten ante-rooms, one library-room, one laboratory, one cabinet and one janitor's-room, above the basement. The hall on the upper floor contains four hundred sittings, and is fitted-up with a very taste- ful and roomy stage and scenery,-the donation of the pupils. Beautiful pictures adorn the walls,-the gifts of friends or the purchases of the scholars. One charming landscape (an oil-painting) of a scene on the Cats- kill, is the gift of Mrs. Judge Keightley. The school is equipped with philo- sophical and chemical apparatus valued at twenty-five hundred dollars, the scholars, by their exhibitions and entertainments, purchasing one thou- sand dollars worth. One student's microscope, of four hundred diameters in power, with full attachments; three object and eye-pieces, and one hundred mounted objects ; one thousand specimens in the mineralogical and geologi- cal cabinet ; Holt's electrical machine, of Boston manufacture ; a Rumpkauff coil for galvanic experiments; Geisler-tubes in profusion for electrical effects, to demonstrate the generation of light by friction, are among the most costly and important apparatus possessed by this school, which is sup- ported by the public purse drawn from the property of the people, to edu- cate the masses, rich and poor.
No other public-school in the State is so well provided for the instruction of children in the higher branches of education. The library contains six hundred volumes of standard works on history, travels, cyclopedias, essays, fiction, etc., and a full supply of geological maps of the State survey of Michigan, and charts of its fauna and flora.
Lieutenant Frank D. Baldwin, a Constantine boy, now in the regular army, has sent several valuable mineralogical and Indian relics to his alma mater, which are displayed in the cabinet. House-plants in generous pro- fusion adorn and cheer the school-rooms and hall,-the gifts of teachers and scholars,-charming the eye with their beauty and gratifying the sense of smell with their delicate fragrance.
The income and expenditures for teachers' wages since the school was graded, in 1866, are as follows: 1866-67, income, two thousand and seventy- five dollars and twenty-four cents ; wages, one thousand six hundred and forty dollars. 1867-68, income, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine dollars and eighty-one cents ; wages, one thousand seven hundred and fifty- two dollars and fifty cents. 1868-69, income, two thousand one hundred and sixty-one dollars and eighty-nine cents; wages, one thousand seven hun- dred and eighty-nine dollars and fifty cents. 1869-70, income, three thou- sand seven hundred and eighty-four dollars and seventy-one cents; wages, two thousand five hundred and forty-nine dollars and fifty-six cents. 1870- 71, income, nine thousand four hundred and sixteen dollars and thirty-five cents ; wages, two thousand seven hundred and sixty-three dollars. 1871-72, income, eight thousand eight hundred and sixteen dollars and fifty-four cents; wages, three thousand two hundred dollars. 1872-73, income, ten thousand and seventy-three dollars and fifty-eight cents ; wages, three thousand three hundred and sixty-five dollars. 1873-74, income, eight thousand two hun- dred and eighty-seven dollars and forty-five cents; wages, three thousand three hundred and forty-seven dollars and fifty cents. 1874-75, income, eight thousand six hundred and seventy-seven dollars and fifty-two cents; wages, three thousand four hundred and sixty dollars. 1875-76, income, nine thousand five hundred and ninety-nine dollars and seventy-seven cents (including three hundred and eighty-three dollars and fifty cents tuition- fees) ; wages, three thousand four hundred and ninety dollars.
The following gentlemen have held the position of principal since the school was graded: E. G. Reynolds, 1866-67 ; J. M. P. Bacheldor, 1867-68; Edgar H. Tallman, 1868-69; J. N. Jones, 1869; Professor S. B. Kings- bury, 1869-77.
The graduates of the high-school department (three years' course) are as follows : The class of 1872, David K. Broucher, M. D., Frederick W. Knowlen (law student). Class of 1874, Misses Cora F. Titus, Flora C. Titus, and Elma R. Sixby ; teachers, Misses Ella M. Jackson and Clara Roys (the two latter now married), Monroe Stebbins (fariner), and Albert C. Titus (law student). Class of 1875, Misses Ella Barnard, Loea Calhoon, Adaline Easterbrook (teacher), Nellie M. Harwood, Lucy Hagerman, Francis Horner (teacher), Mary Ridelle (teacher), and Mary J. Titus
COMMERCIAL MILLS, D. FRAZIER, PROPRIETOR, AND DEALER IN GRAIN, FLOUR AND FEED, CONSTANTINE, MICHIGAN.
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HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
(teacher); Charles F. Bates, Arthur Bliss, John M. Calam, and John W: Gentzler. The roll of honor of 1875-76 has the names inscribed thereon of three pupils in the high-school who were neither tardy nor absent during the entire school-year of ten months, and they were Ida V. Benham, Metta Cothermon, and Joseph Horner.
The corps of teachers for 1876-77 are Professor S. B. Kingsbury, A.M. (superintendent and principal of the high-school), Mrs. L. P. Bryson (pre- ceptress), Theodore Rumbaugh and Frederick W. Knowlen (grammar- school), Miss Frances Horner (second intermediate department), Mrs. Electa Harwood (first intermediate department), Miss Hettie Joss (second primary), Miss Louie S. Wells (first primary).
The school-board for 1876-77 are as follows: Hon. Henry H. Riley (moderator), L. T. Hull (director), George J. Crossette (assessor), A. Tweedale, T. C. Langley, and J. W. Jackson ; Aaron B. Avery (janitor).
THE CHURCH SOCIETIES
of Constantine are the Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Reformed, Lutheran and Presbyterian, the first one and last three named having houses of wor- ship. An Episcopal society formerly existed in the village, but has not been in existence for some years.
The first religious services were held by the Methodist missionary Felton in 1830, and by his colleague, Lyman B. Gurley, in 1831, who formed the first class of that denomination. The class numbered but twenty members in 1840, and Seeley Goodrich was the first, or at least the earliest known leader of the same. The class met in the school-house until the Presbyterian session-house was built in 1839, when it met therein until 1848, at which time the present church-edifice was erected and dedicated. Franklin Gage was the pastor, who began the building in 1847, and completed it under great embarassment and discouragement-Richard Pengilly-the succeeding pastor, in 1848, dedicating the building. In 1848 the society bought a lot on the Three Rivers road, and built a parsonage in 1849-50, which was occu- pied as such until 1855, when it was sold, and the nucleus of the present building bought on Pigeon street for five hundred and twenty-five dollars. It has been enlarged and greatly improved, and is now valued at twelve thousand dollars.
In the summer of 1856 a great revival occurred under the ministration of S. C. Adams, local evangelist, and the pastor, Horace Hall. The pastors who have had charge of this church are as follows : Erastus Felton, Lyman B. Gurley, Benjamin Cooper, William Sprague, R. S. Robinson, George M. Beswick, Newell E. Smith, Erastus Kellogg, Richard C. Meek, William Todd, John Ercanbrack, E. Arnold, J. V. Watson, W. H. Sampson, Henry Hudson, Peter Sabin, W. H. Collins, R. Parker, A. J. Eldred, Franklin Gauge, Richard Pengilly, S. A. Osborne, Peter Sharp and Elijah Crane, all of whom served but one year from 1830 to 1852 in the order they are named, except R. S. Robinson, who served in 1832-3, and 1835-6. Since 1851 the following have been settled over the church from one to four years each : Frank May, Horace Hall, four years-1854-6 and 1875-6; Thomas B. Granger, S. W. Earle, B. F. Doughty, three years ; N. L. Brockway, Stephen C. Woodward, D. R. Latham, W. B. Cambrun, David Thomas, A. A. Knap- pan, H. H. Parker, James N. Dayton, A. A. Dunton, L. M. Edmunds, and George D. Lee, the present pastor.
Rev. Mr. Thomas died in 1870, after thirty years of itineracy in the church. The record says of him: "His remains are buried in Constantine cemetery ; his record and his rest are on high."
Rev. L. M. Edmunds, by his careful and persistent research, has laid us under heavy obligations for the history of the Methodist Episcopal church in Constantine and the county at large. Dr. Thomas is the present superin- tendent of the Sunday-school. The present membership of the Church is one hundred and seventy-two, and the church property is valued at seven thou- sand five hundred dollars, including the brick chapel at North Constantine. The Sunday-school numbers one hundred and seventy-two scholars, and has four hundred and fifty books in its library.
THE BAPTIST CHURCH
of Constantine was organized at the house of William Churchill, situated just outside of the present village, September 29, 1832.
On September 15, several Baptist communicants there assembled, with Elder Clark as chairman and Deacon Churchill as clerk,-unanimously agreed to call a council to organize a church ; the council convened on the 29th at Mr. Churchill's house, being composed of Elders Clark, Alford and Miller, Deacon Grubb, and a brother Norton, Oliver Alford acting as moderator and D. A. Grubb as clerk, organized the church, and the communion was celebrated the following Sunday. Elder Alford was en-
gaged to preach on the first Sabbath in each month for one year. On the 1st of December, 1832, the covenant-meeting was held in the new school- house, and Elder Alford preached there the next day. The second commu- nion was celebrated April 2, 1833.
July 1, 1834, the society had a house, thirty by twenty-four feet, to meet in, and five ministers were present. May 30, 1835, the first messengers were appointed to the Baptist association, viz. : Deacon William Churchill, Benjamin Swany, Joseph Olds and Jacob Virgil. July 6, the rite of bap- tism was first administered, the candidate being Mrs. Brooks. August 1, the record says, "we met at our church," and the second baptism was had- Mrs. Sanford-Elder Hall being the preacher.
On May 21, 1836, Francis Bungay and wife were received, and on the 6th of July Mr. Bungay was elected deacon and clerk of the church, and re- mained as such until his death in 1838. He and his family, wife and two sons-Francis, Jr., now a citizen of Constantine, and George W. Bungay, a poet and writer in New York-came to Constantine in 1833. He was a car- penter and cabinet-maker.
On June 17, 1836, Bungay, Allen Goodridge and Woodworth were ap- pointed a committee to buy a lot and procure subscriptions to build a church, and the society was incorporated by electing trustees, viz .: Francis Bungay, William Churchill, Daniel Woodworth, William F. Arnold, Allen Good- ridge and Erastus Tracy ; but the church was never built, though a lot was partially paid for, the title remaining in the name of one of the brethren.
Owing to the number of congregations who occupied the school-house jointly, some inconvenience was experienced in point of time for using the same, one congregation frequently waiting on the steps, or in the yard, for the close of the service of another, which were protracted somewhat beyond the usual length. Therefore arrangements were made by the different con- gregations, in 1838, during the winter season, whereby the inconvenience was afterwards avoided.
In the summer of 1838 meetings were suspended by reason of the general sickness which prevailed. In October and November, 1841, a series of in- teresting meetings were held; a large number uniting with the church. The Sabbath-school was organized July 19, 1842, Daniel Woodworth superinten- dent, and Isaac Cross secretary. Previous to this time a union school had been in operation, which was first organized, in 1833, in Mr. Beaufait's cabi- net-shop, by Messrs. Dickinson and Gibler. The later meetings of the so- ciety were held in the Presbyterian session-house, but there has been no reg- ular preaching since 1860.
The ministers who have preached to this society, more or less regularly, are as follows : Rev. Oliver Alford, Elders Hall, Taylor, G. B. Day, W. B. Brown, J. Gilbert, Barnes, M. Clark, John Wright, E. J. Corey and John Sage. Elder T. M. Shanafelt, of White Pigeon, and the pastors at Three Rivers, have supplied what preaching has been had since 18.60.
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH SOCIETY
was organized October 27, 1836, by Rev. P. W. Warriner, of White Pigeon, with nine members, six males and three females. John Howard and Franklin Cowdery were the first elders installed, and the latter was ordained soon after. In May, 1837, the church called Rev. Thomas B. Bradford, of Phil- adelphia, to be its pastor, but he declined, yet supplied the desk for a year. April, 1839, William Cathcart was chosen and ordained a ruling elder, and remained thus until his death, January 18, 1861, aged sixty-seven years. In April, 1843, Isaac Benham and John McMillen were chosen elders. In November, 1853, John Gibson and R. B. Shannon were chosen elders, and John G. Cathcart, G. Hopkins and D. A. Watt, deacons.
In 1839 the session-house was built on the site of the present church, which latter was built in 1854, for three thousand and four hundred dollars, and dedicated November 23 of that year. Rev. A. Y. Moore, of South Bend, Indiana, preaching the sermon, and installing, the next day, Samuel C. Logan as pastor of the church. Rev. Jonathan Edwards, of Fort Wayne, preached the installation sermon, and Revs. A. Y. Moore, H. L. Vannuys, of Goshen, and T. P. Cummins, of Laporte, officiated in the other cere- monies. This church was then the only one of the denomination in all of southern Michigan. It was forty by fifty-six feet on the ground, and was a great credit to its projectors and builders at the time, and was free from debt. In 1874 the house was remodeled and renovated throughout, and on Decem- ber 16, Rev. T. Parry, the present pastor, was ordained and installed- Rev. Alfred Eddy, of Niles ; Rev. Addison K. Strong, of Kalamazoo; Rev. L. M. Gilliland, of White Pigeon, and Rev. William A. Masker, of Three Rivers, officiating and assisting in the ceremonies. The remodeling of the church cost three thousand dollars.
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HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
The ministers who have supplied the desk, or acted as pastors, are as fol- lows: Revs. Thomas B. Bradford, 1837; Benjamin Ogden, 1839; Charles Nichol, 1843; James Geer, 1843-4; R. R. Wells, 1846; S. C. Logan, 1850-7; P. F. Taylor, 1857; John W. Major, 1858; - James, 1858; Daniel Lantz, 1859; I. S. Killen, 1860-5 ; T. E. Hughes, 1866-9 ; Joseph Swindt, 1870-2; VanNess, 1873; T. Parry, 1874-7, and, at present, the incumbent.
The present elders of the church are : G. W. Cook, -N. H. Townsend, E. Leimbach, T. Putman and H. Servison. The present membership of the church is ninety-four ; the sittings in the church-building, two hundred and fifty ; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and twenty ; and two hundred books are in the library.
THE REFORMED CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA,
formerly known as the Dutch Reformed church of Constantine, was organ- ized March 11, 1843, with Joseph Wells, John Sixbey, elders ; and Nicholas I. Sixbey and John Harrison, deacons,-the latter being the clerk of the con- sistory. The formal organization was effected April 23, by Reverend Asa Bennett, who ordained the above named officers.
On May 20 the following were received as members of the church: Da- rius D. Evans, Asahel Slote, Eleanor Harrison, Lucy Wells, Rachel Hag- enbuch, Elizabeth Sixbey, Catharine Sixbey, Christiana Sixbey, Frances Slote and Peter F. Putman, the latter two by confession of faith, of whom all are deceased but three.
The legal organization of the church was effected March 11,-the elders and deacons being elected trustees, and in June recertified to the county clerk.
The first children baptised were Jane, daughter of John and Margaret Pearce, and Reuben, son of Asahel and Frances Slote, September 3, 1843, and that same day the second communion was celebrated.
The first marriage, on the register of the church, was that of Franklin Wells and Helen M. Briggs, October 31, 1844, by Reverend Asa Bennett.
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