USA > Michigan > Montcalm County > Montcalm County, Michigan, rural directory, 1917 > Part 35
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FOUNDERING. - Generally caused by overeating; for instance, securing access to grain bin accidentally, or being kept from feed twenty-four hours or longer, and then allowed to eat as much as they please. As soon as found, give one-half teacupful of castor oil and keep well exercised. If bloating sets in, re- lieve by ordinary methods. Founder- ing is very dangerous, and death often results, in spite of any remedy.
CONSTIPATION-In lambs, often occurs when one to seven years old. Relieve by an injection, with a small syringe, of lukewarm soapsuds into the rectum. Another good injection is glycerine, one ounce to warm water one pint. In older sheep, sometimes due to heavy feeding,
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MONTCALM COUNTY
especially of corn and dry feed without any laxative foods; also due to lack of exercise. Two to four tablespoonfuls of castor oil will relieve; if no passage of bowels in twenty-four hours, repeat and increase the dose by one-half.
SCOURING. - Induced by a sudden change from dry to green feed; by over- eating of green feed, such as rape, clover, alfalfa, and the like; also of grain. In mild cases, a change to dry feed will cause scouring to stop in a day or so, without the use of any drug. In very severe cases, where the sheep refuses to eat, and passage of dung is slimy and attended with straining, give two tablespoonfuls of castor oil to carry off the cause of the irritation; if this does not check the passage give a table- spoonful of castor oil with thirty drops of laudanum, twice daily, in a little gruel. When checked, continue to give flaxseed gruel, until the sheep returns to its regular ration.
SNUFFLES .- Similar to a cold in per- sons; catarrh; discharge at the nose. Put fresh pine tar in the mouth and on the nose. In severe cases steam the sheep with tar, by putting some live coals in a pan, pouring tar on them, and holding his head over the pan, placing a blanket over his head to keep the fumes from escaping, and forcing the sheep to inhale them.
URINARY TROUBLES .- Rams are some- times troubled to make water ; generally due to heavy feeding and close confine- ment; it is also claimed that heavy feed- ing of roots will cause this trouble. Rams stand apart from the flock, do not eat, draw up their hind parts, and strain in an attempt to make water. To relieve, give one-half teaspoonful sweet spirits of nite. in a little water, every two hours until relieved.
WORMS .- The deadly stomach worm (strongylus contortus) is the worst foe of the eastern sheep grower. It is a small worm about three-quarters of an inch long, found in the fourth stomach. They are taken in by lambs running on old pasture, especially blue-grass, and are induced by wet weather and wet soil; are generally noticeable during July and August. Symptoms : lambs lag behind when driving the flock, look thin and poor, act weak, skin is very pale and bloodless; eyes pale, sunken and
lifeless; sometimes scouring occurs a day or two before death; death usually in four to ten days. Preventive: keep the lambs from old pastures; a fresh cut or newly seeded clover meadow makes the best pasture; rape is also good. Feed them some grain and dry feed, and keep some of the following mixture in the salt box all the time, viz .: one bushel salt, one pound gen- tian, one pound powdered copperas, one pint turpentine, mixed thoroughly. Some of the prepared medicated salts are just as cheap and effective as this mixture. Tobacco dust and tobacco leaves fed with the salt are also much used in some sections and prove very effective as a preventive. Cure: if not too bad when noticed, they can often be cured, but they are seldom as growthy as if not affected. Shut. the lambs from all feed for twelve to eighteen hours; catch the lamb, set him on his rump, holding so that he can not struggle and give a drench of gasoline, one tablespoonful, in four ounces (one-third to one-half teacupful) of milk; repeat the two suc- ceeding mornings, and if no improve- ment, repeat the series in seven to ten days. Follow directions carefully.
DISEASES EXTERNAL.
MAGGOTS .- Caused by green flies, in- duced by hot, damp weather, and dirty wool; found on the hind part of sheep, and on rams around the horns, where wool is damp and dirty. Also around castration and docking wounds, which require watching for this trouble. Trim off the wool on place affected, and throw off the maggots ; put on gasoline to kill the maggots. Air-slacked lime will dry up the wet wool, and drive the maggots and flies away. Turpentine and kero- sene are also used, but both take off the wool, if used in considerable amounts. Apply the above remedies for maggots with brush or small oil can.(
FOULS, OR SORE FEET .- Sheep are often lame, especially when the ground is wet; earth or manure lodges between the toes, continual rubbing induces soreness, the foot begins to suppurate, and your sheep is lame; the foot looks sore be- tween the toes and is warm. Pare away all shell of hoof around the sore part, being sure to expose to the air all af- fected parts: after thoroughly paring. put on with a small swab a solution of
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
blue vitriol and strong vinegar, mixed to the consistency of a thin paste. Keep sheep with fouls away from wet pastures or stagnant water, and keep feet dry and clean as possible.
If lame sheep are not doctored, the fouls soon spread to all parts of the foot, and foot-rot results. This becomes contagious, and all sheep remaining where are those with foot-rot will be- come lame. There is no need of foot- rot if the shepherd takes care of his sheep. Treat this the same as the fouls, being sure to pare away all shell and ex- posing the diseased parts. For a stronger solution than blue vitriol, use blue vitriol, butyr of antimony, and mur- iatic acid, equal parts by weight. Use with care. Paring is the principal thing ; be careful not to cut the toe vein. Another excellent remedy for foul feet is one ounce chloride of zinc to one pint of water. Apply enough to wet foul parts once daily after cleaning foot with dry cloth.
TICKS .- Ticks to sheep are as lice to hens; they take the life and blood from the sheep. To kill them, dip your sheep in some proprietary dip, carbolic prefer- red, being careful to follow directions.
SCAB .- Is a strictly contagious disease of the skin, caused by a small mite which bites the skin. It generally appears on the back, rump or sides of the sheep, and is first indicated by rubbing and pulling of the wool. The disease is very contagious, common to large flocks and bands, especially on the western range. Cure : use some good proprietary dip, follow directions to the letter, dip your sheep thoroughly twice, the second dip- ping from six to ten days after the first, not sooner nor later than these limits. Disinfect all pens thoroughly and keep sheep from the old pastures at least two months. Scab is not very common to eastern sheep owners. Inspect all new animals at once for scab, as it is often introduced by purchasing stock ewes or rams.
SORE EYES .- Caused by too much wool over the eyes, and the eyelid rolling into the eye; also by getting something into the eye. Shear the wool away from the eye, and tie the cap of wool up off from the eyes, if necessary; if there is a film over the eye, better apply a few drops of a solution of ten grains of boric acid to the ounce of water, put in a pinch of powdered burnt alum.
SORE TEATS .- The teats on ewes with lambs sometimes become sore and ten- der, so that the lamb can not suck. Rub twice a day with salted butter.
CAKED UDDER .- Sometimes caused by weaning and not milking after the lamb is taken away. Generally occurs in heavy milkers; also occurs when lamb is still sucking, in one side of the bag at first. It is accompanied by stiffness in the hind quarters, the bag is hard, and in the first stages a thin, watery-like fluid can be drawn from the teat. Rub well and carefully, using camphorated sweet oil; the principal thing is the rub- bing; try to soften the bag and keep the teat open. Many times the ewe will lose the use of that side of her bag entirely. If she does, send her to mar- ket. Where gait is stiff and udder caked, give the ewe one dram salicylate of soda three times daily for three or four days.
CASTING WITHERS .- Thrusting out of the womb. It should be washed in a pint of warm water, in which has been dissolved a teaspoonful of powdered alum, and the womb replaced, and a stitch taken in the upper part of the opening of the vagina. The best way to cure such ewes is to market them or kill at once if they continue to give trouble in this respect. After replacing the womb, keep hind parts of animal quite high by standing in narrow stall made for the purpose, with floor made high behind.
GOITER .- Lumps in the throat. Com- mon to lambs when born; also in young sheep during the first winter. Some think the latter is caused by high feed- ing. Apply tincture of iodine with a swab, rubbing on enough to color well the affected portion. Two or three ap- plications, two to four days apart, should remove the worst case of goiter.
CASTRATING. - Hold as for docking. Cut off a good sized portion of the end of the sac with a sharp knife, push back the sack from the testicles, grasp the latter singly, with right hand, and grasp narrow or upper portion of sac firmly with left hand, and draw out until the cord breaks. Do not cut the cord, but break it. When docking and castrating at the same time, castrate first, then dock, and release the lamb. The whole operation should not take over one to two minutes.
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MONTCALM COUNTY
Flashlight Photography
Home Portraits
Baby Photos a Specialty
"LUMAN" Photographer 325 So. Lafayette St., Greenville, Michigan Stevenson Block, Stanton, Mich. View Work Enlargements, Etc. CITZ. PHONE 84
Amateur Finishing
Done Promptly
STANTON CLIPPER-HERALD THE COUNTY SEAT PAPER NEWHOUSE & CAROTHERS, Publishers It has a general circulation and is one of the County's best advertising mediums. JOB PRINTING OF ALL KINDS STANTON - - MICHIGAN
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
Lime on the Farm
The use of lime on the farm is growing every year. The farmer who uses it finds it pays and uses more; then his neighbor tries it with the same experience. Agri- cultural Experiment Stations have proven its value in records of results over periods of years. All reports agree that the necessity of its presence in the soil is second only to drainage.
Where lime is lacking in the soil, it is a waste to supply other ferti- lizers or even manure, because the full benefit of their application is only attained when the soil is sweet-has a plentiful lime supply. The more green or stable manure put on, the more fertilizer applied, the greater the need of lime, for the decay of any of these in their change to plant food forms acid and tends to soil acidity.
All legumes thrive in soils well supplied with lime. Legumes such as alfalfa, red clover, soy beans, etc., are plants having power to take nitrogen from the air; and since the bacteria necessary to their growth will not thrive where lime is lacking, lime becomes the indirect means of supplying nitrogen neces- sary to all plants.
Not only legume crops are bene- fited by the application of lime, but corn, oats, wheat, fruit trees, etc. Experiments at Wooster show a net increase for lime of more than $20 per acre in a five-year rotation.
Old pastures should be top- dressed with carbonate of lime, two
to four tons per acre will not hurt. Lime not only adds to the abundance and quality of the grass, but also is of value from a sanitary point, helping destroy germs of infectious diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, hog cholera, etc.
Lime may be had in Ohio in several forms: Lump caustic, ground caustic, hydrated, and ground raw limestone. Lump caus- tic should be air-slaked before applying to the soil. Hydrated lime is the caustic lime sufficiently slaked with water to take away much of the undesirable qualities in handling, and in the process it is reduced to a fineness which makes it quickly available to do its work in the soil.
Ground limestone, or carbonate of lime, is the raw rock ground or pulverized. In it, fineness is especi- ally desirable.
Limestone quarried or mined in some sections differs in analysis from that of other sections, but the basis of all is calcium carbonate.
All cultivated soil sooner or later needs an application of lime in one or the other of its forms, and the farmer who recognizes this fact and supplies the need will find it profitable. But it is important to remember that lime should never be applied so that it will come into direct contact with manure or nitrogenous fertilizers. Use it at a different time, or in such a way that the two will not mix.
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MONTCALM COUNTY
FARMERS' BULLETINS Sent Free to Residents of the United States, by Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C., on Application.
NOTE .- Some numbers omitted are no longer published. Bulletins in this list will be sent free, so long as the supply lasts, to any resident of the United States, on application to his Senator, Representa- tive, or Delegate in Congress, or to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Because of the limited supply, applicants are urged to select only a few numbers, choosing those which are of special interest to them. Residents of foreign countries should apply to the Superintendent of Documents, Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., who has these bulletins for sale. Price, 5 cents each to Canada, Cuba, and Mexico: 6 cents to other foreign countries.
22. The Feeding of Farm Animals. 27. Flax for Seed and Fiber.
28. Weeds: And How to Kill Them.
30. Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast.
34. Meats: Composition and Cooking. 35. Potato Culture.
36. Cotton Seed and Its Products.
44. Commercial Fertilizers.
48. The Manuring of Cotton.
51. Standard Varieties of Chickens. 52. The Sugar Beet.
54. Some Common Birds.
55. The Dairy Herd.
61. Asparagus Culture.
62. Marketing Farm Produce.
64. Ducks and Geese.
77. The Liming of Soils.
81. Corn Culture in the South.
85. Fish as Food.
86. Thirty Poisonous Plants.
88. Alkali Lands.
91. Potato Diseases and Treatment.
99. Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. 101. Millets.
104. Notes on Frost. 106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle.
113. The Apple and How to Grow It.
118. Grape Growing in the South.
121. Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes Food.
126. Suggestions for Farm Buildings. 127. Important Insecticides.
128. Eggs and Their Uses as Food.
131. Tests for Detection of Oleomargarine. 134 Tree Planting in Rural School Grounds. 137. The Angora Goat. 138. Irrigation in Field and Garden.
139. Emmer: a Grain for the Semi-arid Re- gions.
140. Pineapple Growing.
150. Clearing New Land.
152. Scabies in Cattle.
154. The Home Fruit Garden
156. The Home Vineyard.
157. The Propagation of Plants.
158. How to Build Irrigation Ditches. 164. Rape as a Forage Crop
166. Cheese Making on the Farm. 167. Cassava.
170. Principles of Horse Feeding.
172. Scale Insects and Mites Trees.
173. Primer of Forestry.
174. Broom Corn.
175. Home Manufacture of Grape Juice. 176. Cranberry Culture.
177. Squab Raising.
178. Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture. 179. Horseshoeing.
181. Pruning.
182. Poultry as Food.
183. Meat on the Farm. 185. Beautifying the Home Grounds.
187. Drainage of Farm Lands. 188. Weeds Used in Medicine.
192. Barnyard Manure.
194. Alfalfa Seed.
195. Annual Flowering Plants.
198. Strawberries. 200. Turkeys.
201. The Cream Separator on Western
Farms.
203. Canned Fruits, Preserves and Jellies. 204. The Cultivation of Mushrooms. 205. Pig Management.
206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment.
213. Raspberries
218. The School Garden.
220. Tomatoes.
221. Fungous Diseases of the Cranberry.
224. Canadian Field Peas.
228. Forest Planting and Farm Manage- ment.
229. Production of Good Seed Corn.
231. Cucumber and Melon Diseases.
232. Okra: Its Culture and Uses.
234. The Guinea Fowl.
236. Incubation and Incubators.
238. Citrus Fruit Growing in the Gulf States.
239. The Corrosion of Fence Wire.
241. Butter Making on the Farm.
242. An Example of Model Farming.
243. Fungicides and Their Use.
245. Renovation of Worn-out Soils.
246. Saccharine Sorghums.
as 248. The Lawn.
249. Cereal Breakfast Foods.
250. Wheat Smut and Loose Smut of Oats.
252. Maple Sugar and Syrup.
253. The Germination of Seed Corn.
254. Cucumbers.
255. The Home Vegetable Garden. 2'56. Preparation of Vegetables for the
Table.
257. Soil Fertility.
260. Seed of Red Clover and Its Impurities. 263. Information for Beginners in Irrigation. 264. The Brown-Tail Moth.
266. Management of Soils to Conserve Mois- ture.
269. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. 270. Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home. 271. Forage Crop Practices in the North- west.
272. A Successful Hog and Seed-Corn Farm. 274. Flax Culture.
on Citrus 275. The Gypsy Moth.
277. Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines. 278. Leguminous Crops for Green Manuring. 279. A Method of Eradicating Johnson Grass. 280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. 282. Celery.
284. Enemies of the Grape East of the Rockies.
286. Cotton Seed and Cotton-Seed Meal.
287. Poultry Management.
288. Non-saccharine Sorghums.
289. Beans.
291. Evaporation of Apples.
292. Cost of Filling Silos.
293. Use of Fruit as Food.
295. Potatoes and Other Root Crops as Food. 298. Food Value of Corn and Corn Prod. ucts.
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
299. Diversified Farming.
301. Home-Grown Tea. 302. Sea Island Cotton.
303. Corn Harvesting Machinery.
304. Growing and Curing Hops.
306. Dodder in Relation to Farm Seeds.
307. Roselle: Its Culture and Uses.
310. A Successful Alabama Diversification Farm.
311. Sand-Clay and Burnt-Clay Roads. 312. A Successful Southern Hay Farm. 313. Harvesting and Storing Corn. 318. Cowpeas.
321. The Use of the Split-Log Drag Roads
322. Milo as a Dry-Land Grain Crop. 324. Sweet Potatoes.
325. Small Farms in the Corn Belt.
326. Building up a Cotton Plantation.
328. Silver Fox Farming.
330. Deer Farming in the United States. 331. Forage Crops for Hogs in Kansas 332. Nuts and Their Uses as Food. 333. Cotton Wilt. 337. New England Dairy Farms.
338. Macadam Roads.
339. Alfalfa.
341. The Basket Willow.
344. The Boll Weevil Problem.
345. Some Common Disinfectants.
346. The Computation of Rations.
347. The Repair of Farm Equipment. 348. Bacteria in Milk.
349. The Dairy Industry in the South.
350. The Dehorning of Cattle.
351. The Tuberculin Test of Cattle. 354. Onion Culture.
355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm.
357. Methods of Poultry Management.
358. Primer of Forestry. Part II.
359. Canning Vegetables in the Home.
361. Meadow Fescue: Its Culture and Uses.
362. Conditions Affecting the Value Hay.
of
363. The Use of Milk as Food.
364. A Profitable Cotton Farm.
365. Northern Potato-Growing Sections.
367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors.
368. Bindweed, or Wild Morning-giory.
369. How to Destroy Rats.
370. Replanning a Farm for Profit.
371. Drainage of Irrigated Lands. 372. Soy Beans.
373. Irrigation of Alfalfa.
375. Care of Food in the Home.
377. Harmfulness of Headache Mixtures.
378. Methods of Exterminating Texas-fever Tick.
474. Paint on the Farm.
475. Ice Houses.
476. Dying Pine in Southern States. 477. Sorghum Sirup Manufacture.
478. Typhoid Fever.
480. Disinfecting Stables.
481. Concrete on the Live-Stock Farm.
482. How to Grow Pears.
483. Thornless Prickly Pears.
484. Spotted Fever.
485. Sweet Clover. 487. Cheese in the Diet.
488. Diseases of Cabbage, etc.
489. Two Imported Plant Diseases.
490. Bacteria in Milk.
492. Fungous Enemies of the Apple.
493. English Sparrow Pest.
398. Use of Commercial Fertilizers in the South.
399. Irrigation of Grain. 400. Profitahle Corn-planting Method.
401. Protection of Orchards from Frosts. 402. Canada Bluegrass; Its Culture and Uses.
408. Construction of Concrete Fence Posts.
404. Irrigation of Orchards.
406. Soil Conservation.
407. The Potato as a Truck Crop.
408. School Exercises in Plant Production.
409. School Lessons on Corn.
410. Potato Culls as a Source of Alcohol.
411. Feeding Hogs in the South.
413. The Care of Milk and Its Use. 414. Corn Cultivation.
415. Seed Corn.
417. Rice Culture.
420. Oats: Distribution and Uses.
421. Control of Blowing Soils.
Work on Southern
422. Demonstration Farms.
423. Forest Nurseries for Schools.
424. Oats: Growing the Crop.
426. Canning Peaches on the Farm.
427. Barley Culture in the Southern States. 428. Testing Farm Seeds.
429. Industrial Alcohol: Manufacture.
431. The Peanut.
432. How a City Family Managed a Farm. 433. Cahhage.
434. Production of Onion Seed and Sets. 436. Winter Oats for the South.
437. A System of Tenant Farming.
438. Hog Houses.
439. Anthrax.
440. Spraying Peaches.
441. Lespedeza, or Japan Clover
442. The Treatment of Bee Diseases.
443. Barley: Growing the Crop.
444. Remedies Against Mosquitoes.
445. Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery.
446. The Choice of Crops for Alkali Land. 447. Bees.
448. Better Grain-Sorghum Crops.
449. Rahies or Hydrophobia.
450. Some Facts About Malaria.
452. Capons and Caponizing.
453. Danger of Spread of Gypsy and Brown- Tail Moths.
454. A Successful New York Farm. 455. Red Clover.
456. Our Grosbeaks and Their Value.
458. The Best Two Sweet Sorghums.
459. House Flies.
460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing.
461. The Use of Concrete on the Farm.
462. The Utilization of Logged-Off Land.
463. The Sanitary Privy.
454. The Eradication of Quack-Grass.
466. Winter Emmer.
467. Chestnut Bark Disease.
468. Forestry in Nature Study.
470. Game Laws.
471. Grape Propagation, Pruning, Training.
472. Farming in Central New Jersey.
379. Hog Cholera. 380. The Loco-weed Disease.
382. The Adulteration of Forage-plant
Seeds.
383. How to Destroy English Sparrows. 385. Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs. 386. Potato Culture on Farms of the West. 387. Preservative Treatment of Timhers. 389. Bread and Bread Making.
390. Pheasant Raising in the United States. 391. Economical Use of Meat in the Home. 392. Irrigation of Sugar Beets. 393. Hahit-forming Agents. 394. Windmills in Irrigation.
395. Sixty-day and Kherson Oats. 396. The Muskrat.
494. Lawn Soils and Lawns.
495. Alfalfa Seed Production.
496. Raising Hares and Rahbits.
498. Texas-fever Tick.
500. Control of the Boll Weevil. 501. Cotton Improvement. 502. Timothy in the Northwest. 503. Comh Honey.
283
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PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES
.
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Have Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
Depth to Cover
---
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ASPARAGUS, Seed ASPARAGUS, Plants ..
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
3 in. transplant in 1 year 1 in. 2 ft.
Thin to 4 in.
5 or 6 in. 2 in.
BEAN, String BEAN, Lima
. Pole, 4 x 4 ft. apart
Bush, 21/2 x 11/2 ft. apart 2 x 11/2 ft. apart
BEET
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
BLACKBERRY, Plants .. 8 ft. apart
6 ft. apart
2 ft.
CABBAGE and CAULI- FLOWER, Plants ...
212 ft. apart .
2 ft. apart
16-24 in.
CARROT CELERY, Plants
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart 2-3 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in. 6 in.
4
1/2 in.
Early kinds, April; late kinds, June March-April Early crop, May; late crop, early July" First sowing, early May May 15
CORN, Sweet
4 ft. apart
Same
8-12 in.
2 in.
CUCUMBER
5 x 5 or 6x4 ft. apart
Same
Scatter 15 seeds in hill; 1/2 in. thin out later
CURRANT and
GOOSEBERRY, Plants EGGPLANT, Plants LETTUCE .
21/2 x 21/2 ft. apart .
212 ft. apart
Thin to 6-10 in.
1/2 in.
MELON, Musk
MELON, Water
6 x4 ft. apart 8x8 ft. apart
5 x4 ft. apart 2 x 2 ft. apart. 11/2-2 ft. apart Same Same
Scatter 15 seeds in hill; 1/2 in. thin out later
1/2 in.
May 15 May 15-20
MONTCALM COUNTY
284
4 ft. apart
21/2 ft. apart
3 ft. apart 2 ft. apart 4 x 3 ft. apart
Thin to 3 plants to a pole 1 in.
March-April March-April May 10-15 May 20-25
1 in.
March-April April. Or in the fall
3-4 ft. apart
5 x 5 ft. apart
April. Or in the fall June 1 March-April
PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES-Continued
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Have Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
. Depth to Cover
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ONION, Seed
212 ft. apart
12-15 in. apart
Thin to 4 in.
1/2 in. 1/2 in. V2 in.
March-April Early April
PARSLEY
212 ft. apart
1 ft., apart
Thin to 6 in.
PARSNIP
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
March-April
PEPPER, Plants
21/2 ft. apart
2 ft. apart
20 in.
June 1
PEAS
13-4 ft. apart
21/2-3 ft. apart
Continuous row
3-5 M.
March-April
POTATO
3 ft. apart
2-212 ft. apart
12-18 in.
4 in.
Early, March-April; late, May-June
RADISH
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 3 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
RHUBARB, Plants
4 ft. apart
3 ft. apart
3 ft.
2 or 3 in.
March-April
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