USA > Michigan > Kent County > R.L. Polk & Co.'s illustrated historical atlas of Kent County, Michigan > Part 6
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99.20
G
C
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4.40
10
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153.55
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.
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80
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80
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.
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70
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18
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40
40
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J. W. Stine
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4
40
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78
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50
80
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L.Scott
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80
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80
80
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80
J. L. Broughton
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.
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.
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Crandall
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10
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SCHOOL DIST
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MONS.
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. 80
0.B Barber 74
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40
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78.90
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18
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-
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.
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80
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80
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43
80
S.S. Glaxier
A.W. Stone
80
60
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25
. W.
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12
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40
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93
90
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80. 1
12.8
80
M. Johnson 80
60.80.
105
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Eldridge 40
J.
150
SCHOOL DIST.O
18
M.King 80
S.Drake 54:16
57.41
H. Schants
C. Ruhs
Maves
SCHOOL DIST.No.
/60
Jounna
Riordan
R. Harmon
40
40
120
Colvin
80
80
80
80
80
80
Mrs.
40
Miller
10
1
-
H. Moffat
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E.W.
54.4.9
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H. Schantz
G.B.Kraft
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N.
F.Elkerton 13.35
F. E.Campan 80
. Apseyn
J.
J. Schantz
J. Tupper
100
17
80
41
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Mrs. E.Houck
EL.
H.
S J. Burns
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S.C.Peterson . Croninger 81.10
. G.B.Fairchild 85.98
Broadbent
0.Warner
72
.H.Fairchild
.
R. Luce
2
80
F.Elkerton.
99.60
59.65 %
C.Coppelberger.
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80
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1
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80
86
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.
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41
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40
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2
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-
.
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12
A. Watson
Kilgus
16
H. Lot
100
56
W. H.Lind 60
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52.
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.
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.C.Peets 38 %.
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.
40
105
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.
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10
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40
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120
80
80
120
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.
CCase
J.White
W. Hobbs
40
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40
40
40
10
40
40
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M. Jemison
80
.55
80
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Go
40
80
.
00
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100
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A. Clark
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80
.98
57
28 Est
.
.
.
J.J.
Godfrey
VETharmad
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Godfrey
P. Curley
80
120
P
115
1
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60
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.
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40
.
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.
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.
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40
80
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40
80
80
.
80
95
160
150
18
190
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.
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.
.
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40
40
10
90
160
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110 Est
80
36
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JL.Roush
Geo.Guest
T. Barnes 80.
D.Driscoll 80
.
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80
80
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80
160
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.
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.
.
.
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15
66
60
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nastore
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40
40
2
160
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160
80
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80
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.
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.
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80
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1
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30
B.J.
Anderson
80
80
80
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L.MTyler
F. Barber 40
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. A.Fox 80
W. Barkley
Norton
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G.Schmelcher
wattot
Dol S.T. No.
3 80
.50
80
J.
Mc Carthy
120
60
100
80
60
80
SCHOOL
R.W
V
20
·
100
80
110
80
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. A.W. Foster
. B.Hoover
Rst
FREEPORT
.
.
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Lucy A.
D.S.M. Year
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C.Wieland 80
10
40
98.5
Johnson
Winslow
A. Ellis
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G.
40
65
38,5
40
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32.32
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.
80
80
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.
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10
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1151/2
.
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. S.Yoder 80 40
C. Hoffman/
80
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Est
40
T. Digert 49
J. White
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J. Aldrich
95.5
.
Aldrich
-
Geo. Huntington
DIST. NO.
/20
Weaver
W. E Davis 121.85
ME Ginness
Smith
Light
EHeinzelman 40
80
Pardee
CHooper
160
SCHOOL DIST. No 3
J.BLivingston
Mc Naughton
40
Weaver
D/88
40
101
P.J
B.Keller 100
20
E.Reynolds
M,Shehan
E.Gourgerty 80 -
160
J.g. Watts
W. Glasgow € 80
·J.Pardee 78.5
W. O. Riley
Bruton-
. J.W. Perritt
80
.
M.Wytx 80
L. Phillips
I.Thompson
CL.Coppens
W. Helitige
G. Karcher
J. S.Walton
M'S.Bouch
J.Bouck
router
0.Pardee
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TO
W.G.
W.J. Thomas 80
J.Carey 40
146.3
J.L. Kinney
60-
80
80
.
J. Timm
H.Gosch
.
MrsM.Lind .90
Andrews
M. Livingston Est. . 80,81 D. L. & N. R. R.
J. Rittinger 71
19,65
84,93
84.8
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Richard
ELMDALE ...
Jac. Layer . 82
J.R.Draper 80
80
20
76
38,5
. G.D. King
G&.H.Smith .72
J.Layer
3.9,16.
90'
Lucy Mc Veren
160
C. Lee
N. Shaffer
L.D.Fry
Wood
55
120
R.A&EEllis
E.S.Kime
40
HOOL DIST, NO O
12.0
100
TYoder
C.Klahn
80 -
J. Ellis .
B ..
57.5
40
80
-
Neuburger
Ferd .. Winegar
160
10
196
S.Weaver
A.Nº Diarmid
C.R .
L
N. Sararas
CAMP-LAKE
R. Bowler
110
.
60
E.
Headworth
41
80
J. Mc Connell M. Thurmid 40
I. Kelley
A.S.
J. B leam
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20
120
100
80 %
M.A.Holcomb
10
J.P.Spicher 80
26
AELee
6 Bouch ‘50
10
80
160
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If HeisexCHO
J.D.Thomas 80
SCHOOL Y
Carry AC.Clemens
Coldwater
H. Bantler
V.W.
G
G. Saulsbury
MrsMY Ginness
Johnson
80
Markley 40
40
E.Pardee
- 60
100
R. Johnson
.
-
1. Net
.
J.E.Scott 30
L. B.Tyler
GFrazer
Livingston
40
L'Green
Skidmore
.
SCHOOL DIST.
59.98
Margaret
120
.
W. V. Remington
D.SKidmore Esta
andson
40
G.Winslow
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A.Warner
F. Rittinger 86
.
V Vean
F.M'Vean
, 80
SCHOOL DIST . No. 2
M.Miller 40
Fraudworth
W.Silcox
W.P. Perrin
ILayer 40
No TO LAKE
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60
40
R.Johnson
GO
1. 40
J.
100
70.
Kahn Wieland
37
COUNTY LINE
INE
00 0 10 9- 09 99
1
VILLAGE OF
SAND LAKE
00222
MAPLE:
0
N.E.1/4 SECTION 5. Scale 600 ft- linch.
ST.
20 5 05 025
PUBLIC
ST.
SQUARE
LS
T
10
1 00
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6 90 07
9 9
9 4
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7
24
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Out lot 3.
9
28
10
4
11
20
ST.
10
10.
18
17
14
15
16
38
37 34 N
COURTLAND
230
40
125
LE
14.6
08 /99
229
50%
MAIN
44
26
52 151
195 202
157 /53
174 803
156 155
158\157
192.205
160 159
19/ 200
168 161
18 97 36
179 வீ
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MAPLE
166 /65 2 188 209
₹ 16.8
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200
60
6/
69
25
65
63
62
66
77
DIVISION-
TOWN
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1.6.
177
178
Village of. Cascade Springs
MITHORNAPPLE
FERN
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Scale 600 feet to one inch .-
M. G. R.R.
Village of.
HAMMOND
ST
85
24 12
4
5
Hammond Station T. S. N. R. II. W.
Scale 600 feet =1 inch.
: 19
21 20 22 23
LAKE
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GEM.
CALEDONIA
NORTH ST
Station
4
EMET
9
10
11
OAK ST.
15
17
73
17
18 10
21
1
2
23
24
3
30
27 25 85
EMMONS
1.4
5
78
CENTER
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56
SOUTH
ST.
2
3
8
10
4
9
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MILL
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59 56 54 51
57 55|5357
PROSPECT
--------
NER
13 61 LS
DT
50 08 48 44
PROSPECT
ST.
42 40 36 36 34
123 25 8 723 5
-----
DEN
85 23 21 19 17
24
ST.
22
SEC.16 & 21. T. S. N.R. 12.W.
Ross Station T. S. N. R . 12 .W.
T.
ST
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ONS
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01
190 207
164-163
189.248
Range line bet, Ranges 10 x 11.
RIVER
247
199
143
106
124
02/
Out lot /
ROGUE
65
178 171
185/218
316
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5
18
6
45
130
34
100 3 150 199
126 201
127
57
BRIDGE
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193 209
WASHINGTON
232
24
36
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R.R. GROUNDS
31
23
~ 148 47
107 200
225
140
MONROE
105
MILL POND
25
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RY
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38
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5.27
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Scale 660 ft .= 1'inch.
ByronCentre
46
44
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8
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19
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76
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6
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5/30 28 25 2785 25
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95 76 97 48 48
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55
60
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57
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STATE
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66
73
78
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87
Town, Line between Lowell & Vergennes.
1
75
6
5
13
81
88
83 841
VALLE
9
765
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08
96
REMONT
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4
1
100
101
18
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103
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SHERMAN
ST
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2
1
3 44
3
5
5
4
ADDITION
10987
6
5
12
73
17 16/15/19
15
6
5
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HIGHWAY
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1
83 84
628
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18
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47 489 50 51 52
109
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75
88
107
29
106
90
105
GRAND
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69
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23
94
37
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36
36
65
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5
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5
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237
2
118
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96
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Scale 40rods
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Ś7
DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH
OF THE
System of Government Land Surveys.
When the Government acquired the territory of Michigan there were no subdivisions of the lands, except a few French grants in the southeastern part of the state, and no settlements except on these grants. All the rest was a wilderness located north of the Ohio and Indiana lines, and bounded by the Great Lakes. That these Public Lands might be disposed of to set- tlers in such a manner as to insure to each man absolute control of a certain portion, the United States divided it according to the plan known as the Government Survey into Townships, Sec- tions and Quarter Sections. The Townships are six miles square, and contain each thirty-six sections, each one mile square. The smallest government description of land is a quarter section.
In dividing the lands the government surveyors established two reference lines, one running directly north and south, and the other running east and west across this. The first is called the Principal Meridian and runs from a point on the south line between Lenawee and Hillsdale counties north to Sault Ste. Marie. The other begins at a point on Lake St. Clair between Wayne and Macomb counties, crosses the meridian at the center of the south line of Ingham county, and touches Lake Michigan at a point between Van Buren and Allegan counties. It is called the Base Line; also the first Correction Line. Great care was taken in the measurement of this line, and upon the accuracy of the work on that line depends the accuracy of the description of the lands. With these two lines as guides and their junction as a starting point, the surveyors measured east and west on the base line and north and south on the meridian, sticking stakes at every mile and half mile point. Beginning on the base line they located a meridian from each six mile post, and then run parallels to the base line from each six mile post on the principal meridian. These lines divided the territory into six mile square lots, which are called townships. They are designated in the survey by numbers and not by names as we commonly know them. Here again the meridian and base line play important parts. The townships are reckoned as being so many east or west of the principal meridian, and so many north or south from the base line. Any line of townships situated in a north or south line is called a Range and the number of the range is the number of lines it is from the principal meridian. By consulting the state map the reader will see that the east line of Kent county is exactly eight full townships west of the principal meridian, so the line of townships on the east side of the county is in Range 9 West. The next line in Range 10 West. The next in Range II, and the western line in Range 12 West. Look- ing again he will see that the southern line of the county is just four full townships north of the base line, so the southern tier of townships would be the fifth townships north of the base line, the next tier the 6th north, etc., Bowne township in the Government's books, in all legal papers relative to lands therein, and in the assessment rolls is described as Town 5 North, Range 9 West. While Tyrone would be Town IO North, Range 12 West.
Theoretically the townships are square, but practically, owing to the convergence of the meridians as they approach the poles, the northern line of a'township is a little shorter than the southern. To overcome this irregularity and to leave as many as possible of the townships square, the surveyors made all the narrowing to come on the line of townships next east of the meridian, and at intervals established new base or correction lines, from which they measured the territory north as they measured that north of the base line up to the correction line. Looking at the map of Michigan again the reader will observe that the townships next east of the meridian grow narrower as they go north of the base line till they reach the south line of Ogemaw county. A second base line was established there, beginning at a point on Saginaw Bay between Arenac and Iosco counties, and ending on Lake Michigan between Mason and Manistee counties. The third correction line begins on Thunder Bay, just south of Alpena City, and ends on Lake Michigan, just north of Leland in Leelanaw county. So, unless there are errors in the surveyors' work, all of the townships except those in Range I East are square.
The next division of the land after a township had been laid off was into sections. This was done by running parallels and meridians from the mile posts mentioned above. These divided
the townships into squares one mile on a side. Then the surveyors measured around each section and stuck the half mile stakes, and were supposed to measure east and west and north and south through each section, so as to stick a stake in the center. As these stakes stuck by the surveyors would in time be destroyed, they sought permanently to preserve their location, and did this by means of marks on growing trees, which were called witness trees. To mark the location of each mile post, or section corner, as we shall hereafter designate it, four young thrifty trees in its immediate neighborhood were selected ; their directions and exact distances from the section corner carefully recorded. Then from a space on each tree the bark was care- fully peeled and with a surveyor's witness tool the number of the section, also the number and range of the township, were cut into the wood. For example, the trees on section 5 of Bowne mark- ing the corners of that section would have on them the following: S. 5, T. 5 N. R. 9 W.
Sometimes these witness trees were long distances from the section corners, and where no trees were growing, on prairies for example, other means had to be adopted to witness the loca- tion of the section corners. In the same manner the half mile, or quarter stakes, had to be witnessed, only two trees being used in that case, however. The record of these surveys was called field notes; the originals are on deposit in the State Land Office, together with the plats of the original surveys. Copies of the field notes and plats of surveys are in the office of the Register of Deeds in each county.
Not all the land could be measured and described by straight lines and right angles, owing to the various streams and bodies of water in the territory. The lines of such lands lying along the bodies of water were said to be meandered, i. e., measured along the line of the water, and the reference stakes set along such lines were called meandering stakes and witnessed in the same manner the section or quarter stakes were. One that we have in mind is on the north side of Grand River, on the county line between Kent and Ionia counties, and a certain piece of property is described as " Beginning at a certain meandering stake on the north side of Grand River, on the county line, running thence north," etc.
The Government surveyors, as said above, divided the land into as small parcels as quarter sections. The subsequent sub- divisions have been into 12 of 14 sec., 14 of 14 sec., 72 of 14 of 74 sec., and 14 of 14 of 14 sec.
It may be interesting to note that in Texas the United States had nothing to do with the lands. All the lands there, by the terms of her admission to the Union, remained the property of the State. The unit of measurement there is the vara, a Spanish unit, and is about 3373 inches long. The rod is not used in the measurement of lands, nor is the section. In the Western Reserve, in Ohio, the sections are five miles square.
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