USA > Minnesota > Hennepin County > Dayton > History of Anoka County and the towns of Champlin and Dayton in Hennepin County, Minnesota > Part 1
USA > Minnesota > Anoka County > History of Anoka County and the towns of Champlin and Dayton in Hennepin County, Minnesota > Part 1
USA > Minnesota > Hennepin County > Champlin > History of Anoka County and the towns of Champlin and Dayton in Hennepin County, Minnesota > Part 1
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1800
Glass
Book
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT
١
HISTORY
OF
ANOKA COUNTY
AND THE TOWNS OF
CHAMPLIN AND DAYTON
IN HENNEPIN COUNTY
MINNESOTA
BY ALBERT M. GOODRICH
MINNEAPOLIS HENNEPIN PUBLISHING CO. 1905
FG=
LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two Copies Received APR 27 1905 Copyright Entry mar. 9.1905 GLASS Q XG. No: 112078 COPY B.
Copyright 1905, by Albert M. Goodrich.
PREFACE.
In the preparation of this volume information has been supplied from so many sources that to specify a few would seem to be invidious. Old settlers who are still resident and many who are now dead or who have removed elsewhere, have given many hours of their time to going over the facts within their knowledge. Files of old newspapers of St. Paul, St. Anthony and Minneapolis, as well as those of Anoka, have been con- sulted with considerable care, and have been invaluable fixing dates. Thanks are due to the librarian and ssistants of the Minnesota Historical Society and of the Minneapolis Public Library for their uniform cour- tesy in furnishing necessary books and newspaper files. Valuable information has been supplied by Capt. S. P. Folsom, of St. Paul, and by Daniel Stanchfield, C. D. Dorr, Colonel Francis Peteler, and the late Colonel John H. Stevens, of Minneapolis. Thanks are also due to Mrs. George H. Wyman and Mrs. I. A. Caswell for the articles contributed by them on the Philolectian Society and the Public Library, respectively. The task of collecting biographical sketches has proven to be one involving an immense amount of labor. No doubt many names have been omitted which are quite as worthy of mention as those which have been included, but this has been due in large part to the neglect in supplying us
with the necessary information on the part of those to whom blanks were sent. Nevertheless, the sketches here given are believed to be fairly representative of the people of the county, past and present. Those who have aided the enterprise by subscription will have the sat- isfaction of knowing that their assistance has made pos- sible the preservation in permanent form of the early . annals, as well as the early pictures, before they should have been wholly lost or destroyed.
CONTENTS.
Chapter I, Prehistoric. I
The First White Men 3
Chapter H, Carver and Pike 13
The Battle of Rum River. 19
Chapter III, The First House 23
Chapter I\', Traders and Prospectors 37
The First Colony 43
Permanent Settlement 45
Chapter V. Naming the Town 51
The First Store. 57
Another Indian Battle. 62
Chapter VI, Prosperity in "Fifty-five" 65
The First Fourth of July Celebration. 68
A Period of Speculation 75
Chapter VII, The Panic of "Fifty-seven 79
Ginseng
87
Chapter VIII, The Last Indian Battles. 89
Political 93
A Tilt with King Alcohol. 94
Beginning of the Civil War 97 The Eighth Regiment . IOI
Chapter IX, Returning Prosperity 105
Farming in Anoka County IO7
Reclaiming Marsh Land IIO
Education
113
Crime I18
Chapter X, City of Anoka. I20
The Philolectian Society, by Mrs. George H. Wy-
man
I4I
The Anoka Public Library, by Mrs. I. A. Caswell. I46
Town Organizations I55
Champlin
170
Dayton
175
Chapter XI, Biographical. 177
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Anoka in 1869 147
Anoka in 1879. 148
Anoka Street Fair, 1904. 131
Baptist Church, Anoka. I35
Catholic Church, Anoka. 136
Catholic Church, Centreville. 168
Colonial Hall 142
Company A, Eighth Regiment. 104
Congregational Church, Anoka I34
Cooper, James H., Residence of, Bethel. 160
Dr. Kline's Sanatorium, Anoka 138
Father Hennepin's Picture of a Buffalo 7
First Church in Anoka County 127
First Stores East of Rum River 129
Goodrich, George H., Residence of.
I43
Immigrants at Anoka, 1868 130
Irving School, Anoka II7
Lake George. 156
Lincoln Mill I26
McLean, T. G., Residence of. I45
Main Street from First to Second Avenue, 1863. 129 Same in 1868. 130
Same During Street Fair, 1904. 13I
Methodist Episcopal Church, Anoka I32
Old Catholic Church, Anoka. I27
Old Flour Mill, Anoka. 104
Old Hay Market, Anoka, 1872. I54
Public Library, Anoka. 15I
Red River Carts at Anoka, 1870 4I
"Shuler Building" 58 St. Francis Scene. I66
St. Stephen's Church, Anoka 136
Washburn Saw Mill, Anoka 125
Westward Ho !. I30
PORTRAITS.
Aldrich, Dr. A. G .. 18I
Aldrich, Dr. Flora L. S. 183
Bean, John R .. 74
Belanger, Josephı. 27
Blanchard, Frederick A. 187
Bond, Dr. S .. I88
Branch, George W. 74
Branch, Mrs. George W 44
Bruns, Louis H. 190
Cady, Captain John S. 102
Carlson, Dr. H. H.
193
Caswell, Arthur A 195
Chase, Roe G. 196
Chase, Wilbur F
198
Clark, Josiah F
118
Cutter, Ammi.
85
Cutter, Oscar L.
I22
Davis, Mrs. Judson (Georgia Taylor)
77
Eastman, Alvah
208
Edgarton, Charles J. 209
Elwell, James T
III
Engel, J. C. H. 21I
Folsom, Frank L. 214
Folsom, Simeon P. 33
Fridley, Hon. A. M 163
Foster, Mrs. Geo. A. 44
Frost, Abigail ( Mrs. C. L. Norton) 77 Frost, James C. 59 Geddes, T. T. 220
Giddings, Dr. A. W 61
Goiffon, Rev. Joseph 169
Goodrich, George H 223
Goodrich, George D. 225
115
Goss, John
226
Green, Charles E ..
228
Groat, Hannibal G ..
77
Hagaman, Dr. G. K
232
Hale, Major W. D.
179
Hall, Reuel L
108
Hart, Frank.
234
Harthorn, I. A.
236
Johnson, C. L ..
241
Johnson, Henry C ..
242
Johnson, Charles H.
243
Kline, Dr. J. F.
140
Loehl, Henry C ..
250
Lowell, Richard M .. I7I
McCann, James
124
McCauley, George A 253
McGlauflin, John S.
67
McGlauflin, Eugene O.
255
McLean, T. G .. 261
Mclaughlin, Daniel W 74
Miller, Robert H I73
Miller, Mrs. Robert H
Miller. O. S .. I73
173
Miller, Mrs. O. S .. 173
Milliman, Samuel C. 77
Goodrich, Rev. Moses
Molander, Alfred. 260
Morton, Thurman W 264 Nelson, Charles A. 266
Nelson, P. J. 267 Norris, Alfred E. 269
Norton, Mrs. C. L. (Abigail Frost). 77
Olson, N. P.
27I
Page, Charles H.
273
Paine, Mrs. S. S.
44
Pease, Granville S.
274
Peet, Ed L ..
276
Peteler, Colonel Francis
99
Porter, Robert B ..
57
Porter, Clarence B.
279
Putnam, George W 286
Ridge, Joseph
63
Seelye, Henry E ..
29I
Shumway, Fernando
77
Shumway, John
44
Shumway, Mrs. John
44
Steadman, Dr. Guy B.
296
Sterling, Henry W 298
Stockwell, Sylvanus
74
Stockwell, S. A.
30I
Swanson, C. J.
165
Taylor, Horace W. 74
Taylor, Georgia (Mrs. Judson Davis) 77
Taylor, Matthew F
49
Ticknor, H. L .. 70
Varney, Angus W. 77
Veidt, Henry 307
Washburn, Hon. W. D 178
Wyman, George H. 314
Yost, Yost. 162
106
Robbins, Silas C.
SOME FIRST THINGS.
I. First explorer-Louis Hennepin, 1680.
2. First mention of Rum river-By Jonathan Car- ver, who visited it in 1766.
3. First white residents-Joseph Belanger and asso- ciates, 1844.
4. First house-A trading post built by Joseph Belanger and associates for William Aitkin, 1844.
5. First road-The Red River trail, crossing Rum river at the Upper Ford.
6. First potato crop-Raised by Capt. S. P. Folsonı, 1848.
7. First corn crop-Raised by William Noot near King's island. 1848.
8. First breaking for permanent cultivation-Six acres in front of I. W. Patch's house in the town of Ramsey. Broken by Cornelius Pitman, 1850.
9. First ferry across Rum river, 1851.
IO. First ferry across the Mississippi river-At Rice creek about 1854.
II. First ferry across the Mississippi at Anoka- Launched Sept. 11, 1855.
12. First bridge across Rum river-Built by Orin W. Rice, 1853.
13. First bridge across the Mississippi-Built by Horace Horton, 1884.
14. First sermon-Preached at the funeral of Mrs. Penuel Shumway, Jr., in July, 1851.
15. First resident clergyman-Rev. Royal Twitch- ell, who held services in the old trading post where he lived in 1852.
16. First religious organization-A Methodist class organized December 10, 1854.
17. First church-Built by the Congregational Soci- ety in 1857. It stood on the present site of St. Stephen's church.
18. First school-Taught by Miss Julia Woodman in the "Old" Company Boarding House, winter 1853-4.
19. First school house-The "Third Avenue School House," built just south of the present Library Building, fall of 1855.
20. First dam on Rum river-Begun about August I, 1853.
21. The first saw mill-Began running in August, 1854. The power was supplied by the Anoka dam. The same year Charles Peltier built a saw mill in Centreville.
22. First flour mill-Begun about June 1, 1854; completed in January, 1855: burned Feb. 24, 1855.
23. First store-That of Edward P. Shaw, built in the spring of 1854. Mr. Shaw sold goods to some extent, however, at his father's house in the fall of 1853.
24. First advertisement of a business concern- That of Edward P. Shaw's store, printed in the St. An- thony Express, June 17, 1854.
25. First singing school-Taught by Josiah F. Clark in the winter of 1855-6.
26. First Cornet Band-Organized in 1861. In- cluded in the membership were James Miller, W. W. Waterman, Harvey F. Blodgett, J. F. Clark, C. H. Houston, L. H. Hubbard, Elias Pratt, N. W. Curial and W. J. Miller.
-
27. First Library Association-Organized about May, 1859.
28. First newspaper-Anoka Republican, published by A. C. and E. A. Squire. The first issue appeared August 25, 1860.
29. First white child born in the county-Fernando Shumway, born March 22, 1851. Died March 25, 1900.
30. First postoffice-Established at Itaska in May, 1852.
31. First postoffice at Anoka-Established in the winter of 1853.
32. First wedding-Harvey .Richards and Laura Nichols, in the winter of 1855-6.
History of Anoka County
and towns of Champlin and Dayton.
CHAPTER I.
PREHISTORIC.
The ancient inhabitants of North America generally known as Mound Builders have left numerous traces of their existence in Anoka county and vicinity, but among these there are no ruined fortifications, such as exist in some parts of the country. This would seem to in- dicate the absence of enemies and perhaps a somewhat sparse population. Where the population was denser, as along the Mississippi a few hundred miles farther south, there have been found some elaborate defensive works.
The mounds which are found in this county are all constructed near a lake or a river, and seem to have held a place in some sacerdotal ceremony. One mound stands near the shore of Round lake in the town of Grow. Another mound covered with sturdy oak trees stands near the western shore of Boot lake in the town of Linwood. Several other mounds are found in Centreville. Two mounds were found in
2
HISTORY OF ANOKA COUNTY.
Champlin-one of them near the mouth of Elm creek. In Isanti county there is a chain of nine mounds. Most of these mounds have been opened and found to con- tain skeletons of human beings as well as various relics of the past. The early settlers questioned the Indians in regard to these mounds, but here, as elsewhere, the latter denied all knowledge of their origin. The Indians did, however, sometimes use the mounds as burial places for their own dead. The Indian skeletons are usually not difficult to distinguish from those of the Mound Builders, as they are usually not deeply interred and are frequently accompanied by trinkets or old gun bar- rels, indicating traffic with white people.
The idea that the Mound Builders were of the same race as the Indians seems to be gaining ground, but it is evident that their mode of life was totally different from that of the great majority of Indians existing in the United States at the time of the advent of the white race. We seem no nearer to fixing even an approximate date for this ancient semi-civilization than were those explorers who first noticed the earth works a century and a half ago. We can do little more than guess how the Mound Builder, without any beast of burden or knowledge of wheelbarrows, heaped up the earth, toiling up the slope with a basket on his back; what rites he celebrated upon the summit to propitiate the gods of the lake or stream; what quantities of the corn he tilled were taken from him by a ruling caste; and how at last the gathering tribes of the wilderness-barbarous but free-smote this incipient civilization to its downfall.
3
THE FIRST WHITE MEN.
THE FIRST WHITE MEN.
The first white men known to have visited the land included in the present state of Minnesota were two French traders, Medart des Groselliers (pronounced Gro-zay-yay') and his brother-in-law, Pierre Radisson. Groselliers kept a diary of his travels, but on one oc- casion his canoe was upset and the record lost. Whether these two men ever set foot in Anoka county is not certain, but at all events they were very near it. In 1659 they journeyed from Quebec to La Pointe (now Bayfield) on the south shore of Lake Superior, after- ward visiting the Huron villages between the Black and Chippewa rivers in what is now Wisconsin. They then made their way to the Sioux villages in what is now Kanabec county, Minnesota, where they spent the winter. They are also known to have crossed the Mississippi river not far from St. Anthony falls, either on this expedition or a few years later.
In 1662 they returned to Quebec, where their ac- count of their explorations excited a great deal of interest. In 1668 Groselliers and Radisson piloted an English vessel into Hudson's bay in the hope of dis- covering the long sought Northwest passage to the Pacific. This expedition led to the formation of the Hudson Bay Company in 1670.
In 1665 a French priest. Father Claude Allouez, visited the western shores of Lake Superior and car- ried back to Quebec the knowledge of a great river which the Chippeways called "Messipi." At this time the Ojibways or Chippeways, as they were universally called by the white settlers of later days, lived around the shores of Lake Superior and the other great lakes Minnesota soil was almost wholly the "land of the Da-
4
HISTORY OF ANOKA COUNTY.
cotahs" or Dakotas, as they called themselves. Their hostile neighbors, the Chippeways, called them Nad- ouessioux, which the white traders speedily shortened to Sioux (Soo), and by this name they continue to be popularly known, despite all attempts to revive the name Dakota.
In 1679 Daniel Greysolon Du Luth entered Min- nesota by way of Lake Superior to trade with the In- dians and make explorations. The following spring Father Louis Hennepin, a Franciscan priest, and two companions, who had been sent by La Salle to explore the upper Mississippi, discovered St. Anthony Falls. The falls may have been seen by Groselliers and Rad- isson, but at all events it was Hennepin who made them known to the outside world.
According to Hennepin's account he and his com- panions, Michael Ako (or Accault) and Picard Du Gay, were captured by a war party of about 120 Sioux while preparing a meal on the bank of the Mississippi somewhere below Lake Pepin. Not being able to understand a word of the Dakota tongue, they came near being murdered. But finally their captors decided to spare the lives of the three white men and to take them home and make slaves of them. The Sioux villages were at Mille Lacs. The red men and their captives paddled up the Mississippi to "within five or six leagues" of St. Anthony Falls, where the Indians hid their own canoes in a creek, destroyed the canoe belonging to the white men, and made the remainder of the journey on foot, much to the disgust of Hen- nepin. who nearly perished from fatigue on the way. He says :
"Eight Leagues above the Fall of St. Anthony we.
5
THE FIRST WHITE MEN.
met with the River of the Issati or Nadouessians [Rum river], which is very narrow at the mouth. It comes out from the Lake of the Issati [Mille Lacs], lying about seventy Leagues from its Mouth. We called this River The River of St. Francis; and it was in this place that we were made Slaves by the Issati."*
The portioning out of the newly made slaves and most of their belongings probably took place within the present limits of Anoka county-possibly in Isanti county. The Indians made the division liere because they lived in villages at considerable distances apart, and those who lived farthest on were anxious to make sure of their portion before the nearest villages were reached. Otherwise the other Indians, reinforced by their friends at home, might claim the lion's share.
The Isantis were a branch of the Dakota tribe. The captives arrived at Mille Lacs some time in May, 1680. and remained there until early in July, when they accompanied a party of Indians who were going down the Mississippi on a buffalo hunt. This time they camped opposite the mouth of Rum river on the present site of Champlin, and found the hunting in the vicinity very poor. Hennepin says :
"Four Days after our Departure to hunt the Wild- Bulls the Barbarians made a Halt some eight Leagues above the Fall of St. Anthony of Padua, upon an Em- inence over against the River of St. Francis. The Savage Women prepar'd little Docks to build the new Carow's in, against the return of those who were gone for Bark. The Youth in the mean time went out to hunt thic Stag. the Wild-Goat and the Castor [beaver] : but with so little Success that the Prey they brought home
*English edition of Father Hennepin's Travels, London, 1698
6
HISTORY OF ANOKA COUNTY.
was so disproportionable to the Number that were to feed on't, that we had hardly every one a Mouthful, Happy the Man that once in four and twenty Hours con'd get so much as a Sup of Broath.
"This put the Picard and my self upon hunting after Gooseberries, and other wild Fruits, which often did us more harm than good. * This extreme Want made us take a Resolution, upon Michael Ako's refusing to accompany us, to venture ourselves in a little sorry Canow as far as the River Ouisconsin, which was at no less distance from us than 130 Leagues, to see if the Sieur de Salle had kept his Word with us; For he had promised us positively to send men with Powder, and Lead and other Merchandizes, to the place which I have already mentioned: And of this he assured me more than once before his departure from the Illinois."
The account goes on to describe the trip to the Wisconsin river, which was accompanied by many hard- ships and ended in disappointment, as no trace of any of .La Salle's men could be found. However, after re- turning some distance up the Mississippi, the two white men fell in with the Sioux, who had had a successful hunt on the Buffalo river. After this Hennepin says the Indians descended the Mississippi about eighty leagues, hunting as they went. On July 28th they were much surprised to learn that there were five other white men in the vicinity. The strangers came where Hen- nepin and his party were, and proved to be Du Luth and his companions, who had made a portage from a branch of the St. Louis river to a branch of the St. Croix river, and by following the St. Croix to its mouth had reached the Mississippi. Du Luth was anxious to see the country of the Isantis, and all of the eight white
Taa 114
C
FATHER HENNEPIN'S PICTURE OF A BUFFALO. Doubtless the first ever made. Probably drawn in England under his direction. From the English edition of Father Hennepin's travels printed in 1698.
8
HISTORY OF ANOKA COUNTY.
men accompanied the Sioux back to Mille Lacs. Here, according to Hennepin's narrative, was gathered the first crop sown by white men in the far west. He says :
"We arrived at the Villages of the Issati on the 14th of August, 1680, where I found my Chalice very safe, with the Books and Papers which I had hid under- ground, in presence of the Savages themselves. These Wretches had never had so much as a thought to meddle with them, being fearful and superstitious in relation to Spirits, and believing there is Witchcraft in every thing they cannot apprehend. The Tobacco which I planted before our Departure, was half choak'd with Grass. But the Cabbage, and other things which I had sown, were of a prodigious growth. The Stalks of the Purslain were as big as Reeds : but the Savages were afraid so much as to taste them."
Towards the end of September an agreement was made with the Indians that the white men should return to Canada and make arrangements for a trading station somewhere on the Mississippi. At first the Indians were inclined to send some of their tribe with the ex- plorers, but on reflecting that the route lay through the country of their enemies, the idea was abandoned. Hen- nepin says :
"In fine, Quasicoude, their chief Captain, having con- sented to our Return in a full Council, gave us some Bushels of Wild-Oats [wild rice], for our Subsistance by the way, having first regal'd us in the best manner he cou'd, after their fashion. We have already ob- serv'd, that these Oats are better and more wholsom then Rice. After this, with a Pencil, he mark'd down on a sheet of Paper which I had left, the Course that we were to keep for four hundred Leagues together.
THE FIRST WHITE MEN.
In short, this natural Geographer described our Way so exactly that this Chart serv'd us as well as my Compass cou'd have done. For by observing it punctually, we arrived at the Place which we design'd, without losing our way in the least.
"All things being ready, we disposed ourselves to depart, being eight Europeans of us in all. We put our selves into two Canows, and took our leaves of our Friends, with a Volly of our Men's Fusils, which put them into a terrible Fright. We fell down the River of St. Francis [ Rum river] and then that of the Mes- chasipi. Two of our Men, without saying any thing, had taken down two Robes of Castor, from before the Fall of St. Anthony of Padua, where the Barbarians had hung them upon a Tree as a sort of Sacrifice. Hereupon arose a dispute between the Sieur du Luth and my self. I commended what they had done, saying. The Barbarians might judge by it, that we disapproved their Superstition. On the contrary, the Sieur du Luth maintan'd, That they ought to have let the things alone in that Place where they were, for that the Savages wou'd not fail to revenge the Affront which we had put upon them by this action, and that it was to be feared lest they shou'd pursue and insult us by the Way."
However, no ill results followed from the indis- creet conduct of the men, and the whole party reached the Wisconsin river in safety. From the Wisconsin they made a portage to the Fox river, and floated down the latter to Green Bay. On account of the ice they found it necessary to pass the winter at Machilimachinas ( Mackinaw) strait. In the spring Hennepin and his two original companions made their way through the great lakes by canoe to the Niagara river and thence
IO
HISTORY OF ANOKA COUNTY.
to Fort Frontenac on the eastern end of Lake Ontario, which was at that time the extreme western outpost of the French government in Canada.
In 1685 De la Barre, then governor of Canada, sent Nicholas Perrot with twenty men to the upper Mis- sissippi. They spent the winter on the bank of the river above the present site of La Crosse, and in the spring built Fort St. Antoine on the east shore of Lake Pepin. Like all the early western forts, it was not a very formidable affair-a log house, surrounded by a stockade. The next year Perrot was with Du Luth at the Detroit river assisting in preventing English traders from entering the country west of Lake Michigan. In 1689 he returned to Lake Pepin and took formal pos- session of the country in the name of the king of France, but the same year Frontenac became governor of Canada, and the small garrison at Fort St. Antoine was ordered to be withdrawn.
In the year 1700 Pierre Le Sueur, who was prob- ably with Perrot on Lake Pepin in 1689, ascended the Mississippi river from the Gulf of Mexico with about twenty-five men in a long boat provided with sails. He visited St. Anthony falls, and proceeded up the St. Pierre [Minnesota] river to the vicinity of the pres- ent site of Mankato. He built a fort on the Blue Earth river, which he named Fort L'Hullier, and drove sharp bargains with the Sioux who came to exchange furs for knives, tobacco and bullets. In the spring he loaded canoes with two tons of bluish-green mud, under the impression that it was copper ore, and transported it to the mouth of the Mississippi, whence it was shipped to France. The next year (1702) Fort L'Hullier was
*
II
THE FIRST WHITE MEN
abandoned on account of the failure of supplies to reach the garrison and the hostility of the Sioux.
During the first half of the Eighteenth century French traders frequently traversed the upper Missis- sippi valley, and Lake Pepin continued to be a favorite trading place. Exploration in the north was pushed to Rainy lake, to Lake of the Woods, and finally to Red river, where a fort was built in 1738. The English had established flourishing agricultural colonies along the Atlantic coast. But the French had been more suc- cessful in gaining the friendship of the Indians, and the lucrative trade in furs was falling more and more into French hands. Most of the French traders took Indian wives, partly for safely and partly because there were no white women in the country in which they passed their lives. The half-bloods born of these mar- riages took naturally to the trade of their fathers, and cemented the ties which bound the Indians to the French. New France had spread not only over the valley of the St. Lawrence and the borders of the great lakes, but over the valleys of the Mississippi and the Ohio. The English-speaking settlers chafed under the growing French encroachments, and war broke out at last. Brad- dock suffered a crushing defeat in 1755, and his army was only saved from destruction by the energy of Wash- ington. But the English occupation was of a more compact and solid character than that of their adversaries, and under the leadership of better generals the English cause began to mend. Quebec fell in 1759, and French supremacy received its death blow as Wolfe and Mont- calm poured out their life blood on the plains of Abra- ham.
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