USA > Minnesota > Nobles County > An illustrated history of Nobles County, Minnesota > Part 14
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94
117
HISTORY OF NOBLES COUNTY.
hundred per cent; farm lands that had sold for $10 to $20 per acre now brought $30 to $10. It was a time of unpre- erdented prosperity. The forward move- ment continued into the present decade.
In 1898 Nobles county furnished a company of soldiers, who took part in the Spanish-American war, serving a lit- tle less than ten months within the United States. After the Minnesota mi- litia had been called out under the president's first call for troops, steps were taken in various parts of the state to raise volunteer companies to be in readiness to enter the service should there be another call for troops. The first steps toward this end in Nobles county were taken April 19, when a mass meeting was held at G. A. R. hall, Worthington. The initial proceedings were then taken toward enrolling a com- pany.
When it became /evident that another call would soon be made further steps were taken. On May 6 another meeting of citizens was held in Worthington, when forty names were enrolled. An- other meeting was held May 24, when the list of members increased to 60, and these officers were elected : Edward Dol- an, captain; Fred Bitner, first lienten- ant; James McGee, second lieutenant.+ The company was quickly recruited, the villages of Worthington, Adrian and Rushmore furnishing the bulk of the company.
President Mckinley made the call on May 25, but owing to the necessity of recruiting the skeleton companies of the
"Soon after the election it was made known that Gov. Clough reserved the right to name the second lieutenant, and the name of James McGee was dropped.
"Resigned Dec. 13, 189S. Was succeeded by Lucius V. Hubbard on Dec. 31, 1898.
former Minnesota regiments, the troops waiting to respond under the second call were not mustered in at once. Finally Gov. Clough issued the long awaited or- ders for the mobilization of the Fif- teenth Minnesota regiment, and on July 6 the Nobles county company departed for St. Paul. There was a grand de- monstration at Worthington when the company took its departure.
The Fifteenth Minnesota regiment, of which the Nobles county company be- came company H, was mustered into the United States service July 18. The commissioned officers of company II were Edward Dolan, Worthington, cap- tain; Fred Bittner,5 Worthington, first lieutenant ; Lucius V. Hubbard,6 Red Wing, second lieutenant. The company and regiment were stationed at Camps Ramsey and Snelling, near St. Paul, until September 15. During that time the regiment went through a fearful typhoid fever epidemic, when about 60 men of company Il, out of a total of a few over 100, were ill with the disease, resulting in three deaths in the com- pany and several others in the regiment.
From Minnesota the regiment went to Camp Meade, near Harrisburg, Pa., where it was assigned to the third bri- gade of the first division of the second army corps. There it remained until Nov. 15, when the regiment was trans- ferred to Camp Mckenzie, near Augusta, Ga. The regiment and company were mustered out at that camp March 2", 1899. Following is the roster of the company at the time of mustering out,
€ Was succeeded by James G. Kennedy, Adrian, who was promoted from first ser- grant Dec. 31, 1898.
Everett Calvert, of Plattsville, Wis., died Aug. 15, 1898; George L. Michael, of Bigelow, Minn., died Sept. 5, 18OS; Joseph R. Moffitt, of Burchard, Neb., died Sept. 5, 1898.
118
HISTORY OF NOBLES COUNTY.
with the rank of the soldier at that time, and his place of residence as given in the original muster roll :
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
Edward Dolan (captain), Worthington.
Lueius V. Hubbard (first lieutenant), Red Wing.
James G. Kennedy (second lieutenant), Adrian.
SERGEANTS.
Loren B. Town (first sergeant), Worthing- ton.
Samuel A. Copeland (quartermaster ser- geant ), Adrian.
Russell B. Moberly, Worthington.
Charles P. Tinnes, Adrian.
Arthur P. Rose. Worthington.
Howard Childs, Adrian.
CORPORALS.
Leo A. Dewey, Worthington.
William F. Norman, Adrian.
Henry MI. Twitchell. Worthingion.
John W. Rogers, Worthington.
Austin L. Kindred, Worthington.
James D. Cummings, Worthington.
Thomas Maloney, Worthington.
John E. Bass, Worthington.
John Butler, Dayton, Ohio. Charles 11. Johnson, Worthington.
John J. Seanton, Worthington.
Lee HI. Wetherby, Adrian.
Ward . York, Missouri Valley, Iowa.
Bert H. Woolson ( musician), Windom.
Frank R. Marrs (artifieer), Lakefield.
Burr Randall (wagoner), Adrian.
PRIVATES.
William Apel, Worthington.
John H. Ballard, Jackson.
Henry Bassett, Rushmore.
Andrew L. Bigelow, Worthington.
John Bierman, Fulda.
Charles Blackburn, Worthington.
William F. Brabetz, Adrian.
Walter Briggs, Rushmore.
Irving Briggs, Worthington.
Henry Bruner, Bigelow.
Carl Buttschau, Worthington.
James F. Byrnes, Worthington.
Eugene Campbell. Adrian.
Joseph Collins, Chicago, Il1.
Patrick Cox, Adrian. Timothy Cox, Adrian. John A. Dahlberg, Rushmore.
Nelson DuBois, Graceville.
Joseph S. Eastman, Brainard.
William A. Eastman, Brainard.
Simon Ebaugh. Worthington. John Edwards ( Erickson), Worthington.
Lincoln M. Erhardt, White Bear. Clarence T. Faragher, Adrian. Henry W. Forder, Rushmore. James F. Gallagher, Waukesha, Wis. Carrick M. Green. Worthington.
Olaf Janson, Rushmore.
Charles G. Hawkinson, Worthington.
Louis II. JIerzig, Kinbrac.
Clarence C. Holton, Lakefield.
Geo. V. Hovey, Worthington.
Frank Irwin. Graceville.
William H. Kilpatrick. Adrian.
Charles Klunder, Toledo, Iowa.
Frederick Knuth, Brewster.
Edward E. Libaire, Adrian.
Amos Lund, Adrian.
Gust Lundquist, Worthington.
Otto R. McChord, Rushmore.
Vernon Markham, Rigelow.
Morris E. Miller, Worthington.
Archie L. Moberly, Worthington.
David 1 .. Monroe, Adrian.
Walter Mlundweiler, Adrian.
Herman J. Naegeli. St. Cloud.
Roscoe B. Palmer, Worthington.
William Panno, Fulda.
Aubrey Patton. Memphis, Tenn.
William A. Patterson. Worthington.
Joseph Paulson, Adrian.
Louis Paulson, Minneapolis.
llenry F. Peters, Browns Valley.
Charles Peterson, Lakefield.
Andrew Pierce, Worthington.
Mbert C. like, Spolford.
William Phrindable, Adrian.
Ralph Richar, Worthington.
Henry M. Roberge, St. Paul.
Theodore Sundstrom, Worthington.
Lionel Vought, Windom.
Robert G. Welsh, Morris.
Earl C. Wigham. Adrian.
John A. Winchell, Marion, Ind.
Ivan M. Warren, Owatonna.
In addition to the three deaths al- ready mentioned, the company sustained the following losses during the period of enlistment :
Joseph E. Stearns, Brewster, Sept. 20, 1898, order secretary of war.
John F. Tinnes. Adrian, Oct. 24, 1898, dis- ability.
Edward Brooke (corporal), Owatonna, Nov. 13, 1898, disability.
John Fixemer, Worthington, Dec. 9. 1898, transferred to hospital corps, U. S. army.
Daniel O'Neil, Adrian, Dee. 12, 1898, dis- ability.
Walter E. Black, Pipestone, Dec. 17. 1898, transferred to company I.
William J. May. Graceville, Dec. 22, 1898, transferred to hospital corps, U. S. army.
James 6. Kennedy (sergeant). Dec. 30, 1898, order of secretary of war, to accept commis- sion.
James J. Walsh, St. Paul, Jan. 2, 1899, transferred to company B.
Harry E. Bonsall, Minneapolis, Jan. 6, 1899, transferred to signal corps, U. S. army.
NOBLES COUNTY IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
Company H, Fifteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, at Camp Mckenzie (Augusta), Georgia, 1899.
1
--
WORTHINGTON MILITIA COMPANY Company F, Second Regiment, Minnesota National Guard.
119
HISTORY OF NOBLES COUNTY.
Harry HI. Burmeister, Mankato, Jan. 15, 1899, order secretary of war.
Guss Taylor, Minneapolis, Jan. 27, 1899, order secretary of war.
John F. Johnson, Red Wing, Feb. 10, 1899, order secretary of war.
Jacob A. Glenn, Worthington, Feb. 15, 1899, disability.
Charles F. Ilmes, Des Moines, Iowa, Feb. 15, 1899, disability.
Fred E. Tuttle, Worthington, Feb. 25, 1899, transferred to signal corps, U. S. army.
The Burlington branch road ( now the Rock Island), the northern termi- nus of which had been Worthington for so many years was extended northwest- ward in the fall of 1899. Grading on the line was commenced in October, tracklaying was begun the next month, and in December regular trains were run to the temporary terminus at Wilmont. Two new towns were added to the eoun- ty that fall as a result of the building of the road-Wihnont and Reading. The former soon took its place as a prosper- ous village, and now ranks fourth in the county in population. Work on the road was resumed in March, 1900, and three months later the line was complet- ed to Hardwiek, where it joined the main line. The village of Lismore was founded that spring.
The census of 1900 showed a total population of 11,932, a gain of 3.027 in five years. The population by precincts follows :
Adrian Village 1.258
Bigelow 719
Bloom
519
Brewster Village
234
Dewald 654
217
Dundee Village
Elk 484
Ellsworth Village 454
Graham Lakes 485
Grand Prairie 464
386
Indian Lake
373
Kinbrae Village
137
Larkin 496
Leota 552
479
Lismore
Little Rock 532
Lorain
378
Olney 486
Ransom
428
Round Lake Village 226
Seward 558
Summit Lake 497
Westside 438
Willmont
699
Worthington Township
393
Worthington Village 2,386
Total 14,932
The year 1903 was one of disaster. The most destructive hail storm in the county's history visited the western town- ships on July 20, and did awful damage. An estimate placed the damage to crops in western Nobles county at $260,000, covered by about $100,000 insurance. Ellsworth people estimated the crop loss in trade territory of that town, which extends into Roek county and Iowa. at $350,000. The story of the storm is told in the Nobles County Democrat of July 24:
Monday morning [July 20] the sky was clear with the exception of a long, low line of dark looking clouds in the north. As the wind was from the south, it looked for sev- eral hours as if the clouds would be driven farther to the north. and few thought there was any danger of the storm coming this way. But despite the south wind, the cloud bank moved slowly in this direction, and finally, about noon, it was evident that a terrific storm was approaching. The dark clouds wore tinged here and there
with streaks of green-a sure indication of hail. At one o'clock hugh raindrops began to fall. and a few minutes later the hail. driven by a strong wind, came thick and fast, cutting the leaves from the trees, breaking windows and beating grain to the ground. The hail was accompanied by torrents of rain, which aided in the work of destruction. But it was all over in ten minutes, and where the ruin- laden clouds had been, blue sky appeared, as if nature wished to show how quickly she could do the trick and smile at a man's misfortune For some minutes after the storm had passed the roar of the falling hail could be heard far to the south-and then the sun shone, not on fields of waving grain and laughing corn, but on flat ma-ses of tangled, broken straw and corn blades cut to ribbons. Ilere and there on the north. west and south were patches comparatively uninjured-oases in the desolation.
Leota. Lismore. Westside and Grand Prairie townships wore hit hardest, while Willmont, Larkin, Olney, Little Rock, Dewald, Ransom.
Hersey
120
HISTORY OF NOBLES COUNTY.
Bigelow, Bloom and Summit Lake were dam- aged only in spots. So far as the Democrat has been able to learn, there was no loss to speak of in the other parts of the county.
The general direction of the storm was from northwest to southeast, though it frequently changed its course for short dis- tances, and split up into several parts or streams. Its entire width here was more than twenty miles, the path of greatest de- struction being between here and Luverne, with Kenneth, Magnolia aud Ellsworth in line for the worst of it.
The Democrat qualified its previous article somewhat in the issue of July 31. It said :
According to reports there are many line fields of grain in the country northeast, east and southeast of Adrian that escaped serious damage by hail. On the west there is not much that is worth cutting, but still there is some, and we are not so everlastingly wiped oot after all.
The Ellsworth News of July 24 told of the storm in that part of the county :
The most destructive hail storm that ever visited this section struck here Monday at one o'clock in the afternoon, and half an hour later hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of grain and corn crops were worthless. As one farmer remarked: "Our harvesting, stacking and threshing was all done quickly and all together." Where but a half hour before stood magnificent fields of rich, waving grain and luxuriant corn, now only the broken straw and stalks, pounded into the ground by the ruthless hail and presenting a chaotic apearance, greeted the eye.
The storm came from the north. It first appeared seven miles south of Watertown carly in the morning and came on over Clear lake, going southeast lo Woodstock and thence over Kenneth, Lismore and Adrian. At the latter place much damage is reported. The most of Grand Prairie township suf- fered heavy loss; also the west part of Little Rock.
There appeared to be two divisions of the storm here. The west division appeared first five miles northwest of Kanaranzi and came on over that place. From the Ole Fostenrud and Miller places to the creek everything was bailed out. This branch of the storm passed just west of town and on south toward George. . From east to west the storm appeared to be about eight miles wide, and must have covered a traet of country over 100 miles long from north to south. The hail fell in torrents and in many places are reported as large as hens' eggs, . This blow will be severely felt both by the
"For a more detailed account of the flood
farmers and business men. A great many ale depending on this crop to pay debts in- culed List year on account of the corn lail- ule. . . . Lismore and Westside town- ships are nearly wiped out, as well as Grand Prame and the larger portion of Little noch.
The elements seemed determined that tlie crops should be a total failure in 1903. the hail storm had been a ser- ious blow to the western half of the county, and the floods of rainfall that continued all season brought destruction lo erops in all parts of the county, par- ticulariy in the eastern half.
The climax of the long wet season was reached September 11. During the after- noon and evening of that day about six inches of water fell in as many hours. The ground was already thor- oughily saturated, and the precipitation of 600 tons of water to the acre in so short a time made it look as though an ark might come handy. Every ditch and gutter became a raging torrent; every stream a raging river. At Worth- ington Okabena lake overflowed its banks, and many of the streets were covered with water, so that they had to be traveled in boats. llouses on low ground were lilled with water, and some of the residents had to flee for their lives. Thousands of dollars worth of property was destroyed."
Much damage was also done in the western portion of the county. The Kan- aranzi river rose so rapidly that before midnight it was running over the Oma- ha track just west of Adrian. So swift was the current that more than 100 feet of the grade was washed away, leaving the rails and ties hanging in the gap. Approaches to wagon bridges over the usually peaceful river were carried away. Heavy timbers were torn from their places, and even telephone poles were
in Worthington see chapter 14.
121
HISTORY OF NOBLES COUNTY.
washed out of the ground. But the fury of the Kanaranzi was as nothing com- pared with the frenzy of the Little Rock, which swept everything before it. As a result of the flood there was a bad freight train wreck on the Omaha be- tween Worthington and Org.
An idea of the dampness of the sea- son is gained from the following table of the rainfall for the eight months ending October 31, prepared by Weather Observer J. H. Maxwell :
Month- Inches.
March
21/6
April
1344
May
121/2
June
61/4
July
534
August
514
September
101/2
October
-}
481/
The crop was a failure that year. Wet weather continued for two or three years afterward, and partial erop failures re- sulted. Depending almost entirely on its agricultural industries, Nobles coun- ty was hard hit. A period of dull times set in. Immigration eeased, and the re- sult is seen in the census figures of 1905. The total population then was 15,056, a gain of only 124 in five years. Worthington, Adrian and some of the small villages showed a small decrease. The population by precinets, according to this last census, was:
Adrian Village 1,184
Bigelow Township 458
Bigelow Village 194
Bloom 496
Brewster Village 273
Dewald
48]
Dundee Village 182
Elk 464
Ellsworth Village 537
Graham Lakes 453
Grand Prairie
476
Hersey
421
'Indian Lake
348
Kinhrap Village 111
Larkin 395
Leota 586
Lismore Township 450
Lismore Village 181
Little Rock 594
Lorain
370
Olney
446
Ransom
458
Round Lako Village
245
Rushmore Village
228
Neward
523
Summit Lake
473
West side
417
Willmont Township
645
Wilmont Village
279
Worthington Township 412
Worthington Village
2,276
Total
15,056
Of the total population 11,97% were native born-5,845 born in Minnesota ; 6,132 born in other states. The foreign born population was 3,079, divided among the various countries as follows :
Germany
1,311
Sweden
576
Norway 313
Canada 138
Ireland 145
Denmark
02
England
103
Bohemia
11
Scotland
48
Wales
17
Austria
62
All other countries
263
Total 3,079
The setback caused by the wet sea- sons was only temporary. A good crop was raised in 1906 and a bountiful one in 1902. Good priees prevailed during the latter year, and the financial flurry that came late that fall caused no anxi- ety among the people of Nobles eoun- ty. The year 1908 opened with the people feeling happy and contented. They live in the best country the bright light of heaven. ever shown upon.
CHAPTER IX.
POLITICAL-18:0-18:4.
The political history of Nobles coun- ty dates from the fall of the year 18:0. When the settlers residing in the vicin- ity of Graham lakes determined that their needs warranted the organization of the county they asked Governor Hor- ace Austin to appoint commissioners, who should perfect the organization un- der the provisions of the act of May 23, 1851,-the act of the legislature creat- ing the county. The governor complied with the request of the settlers, and in September, 18:0, appointed Benjamin W. Woolstencroft, Charles H. Drury and Benjamin Harrison commissioners, giv- ing them authority to name the other county officials.1
The three commissioners met Oct. 27, 18:0, elected Charles Drury chairman and B. W. Woolstencroft secretary, and
1['nfortunately the early county records have not been preserved. and the data for the political history prior to the election of No- vember, 1871, is furnished by Judge B. W. Woolstencroft, of Slayton, who gives the facts from memory. These are supplemented some- what by data obtained from a historical atlas of Minnesota, published in 1874. the compilers of which doubtless had access to the records. The early day commissioners' proceedings were kept on legal cap paper and were not transcribed into a permanent record. The rec- ord is complete from January, 1872.
On January 9, 1872, the commissioners took official note of the fact that the papers were missing. as follows:
"Complaints having been made to the board that Charles Drury, one of the former com- missioners, retained certain records of the old board of commissioners in his possession and refused to deliver them up on demand, the board passed the following resolution:
" 'Whereas, One Charles Drury retains in his possession certain records of the board of county commissioners and refuses to deliver them to the proper officer.
appointed the following officers: Simon R. Harris, auditor and county attorney; John II. Cunningham, treasurer ; Steph- en Howell, register of deeds: E. W. Hesselroth, judge of probate; Richard Morton. clerk of court; Captain Miller, surveyor.2
These appointments were intended to be temporary. as the general election of November. 1870, was only a few days away. Active preparations were at once begun for this event, and a mass con- vention was called to be held at the home of Edward Berreau, on section 14, Hersey township. In the log house of that pioneer settler, in the closing days of October, gathered the voters, who put in nomination a complete county ticket. Then, as now, all was not har- mony in a political way. Because of
" 'Resolved, That proper action bp com- menced by the board immediately against the said Drury to recover the said records." "
The next day the journal records the fol- lowing proceedings:
"Papers purporting to be the records of the board of county commissioners from Oct. 27. 1870. to Jan. 5. 1871, inclusive, were presented to the board by the amlitor as received from Charles Drury. On examination of the papers it was ascertained that they were not the original, but altered copies of the original rec- ords. On motion of Mr. Tucker the auditor was instructed to employ competent legal counsel and to proceed against the said Charles Drury immediately for unlawfully de- taining the property of the county."
This is the last mention of the matter. the original records were recovered they have disappeared again.
"The historical atlas before referred to states that at this initial meeting Iliram L. Wallace was apointed sheriff and B. F. Tan- ner and William Hesselroth justices of the peace.
123
121
HISTORY OF NOBLES COUNTY.
the nomination of S. R. Harris for an- made a ballot box which was used at ditor there was a bolt. A few days that election and for several elections thereafter. It was three and one-half inches deep by four inches wide, and was twelve inches long, fitted with a sliding cover in which was a slit for receiving the ballots. later the dissatisfied ones met at the home of B. W. Woolstencroft, in what is now Graham Lakes township. All of the nominees of the first convention were endorsed with the exception of Mr. Har- ris for auditor; the name. of B. W. Wool- stencroft was substituted for that of Mr. Harris.
The election was only a few days away, and the contest between the two nominees for auditor became spirited. The board at its first meeting had di- vided the county into three election pre- cinets, the polling places for which were at the homes of S. R. Harris and Il. L. Wallace, in Graham Lakes, and the home of Isaac Horton, in Indian Lake. There was no red tape connected with this first election held in Nobles county. At the Harris home a cigar box with a slit ent in the top served as a ballot box. Into this opening a jack knife was stuck ; when the polls were declared open the knife was withdrawn and vot- ing began. So bitter was the contest between the friends of the nominees for auditor that violence was narrowly avert- ed al the Harris polling place. Revol- vers were worn conspicuously. knives were displayed, and intimidations were indulged in. Despite these manifesta- tions of hostility the situation was con- trolled by the cooler heads, and the day passed without bloodshed. The home of Isaac Horton the Indian Lake polling place was on section 31, on the cast bank of Indian lake. Mr. Horton had
aThis was the case for several years during the county's carly history, and was the cause, doubtless, for the many changes during the early days. Nor were there duties attached to seine of the offices, and some of the of- ficers did not quality. Mr. ES. W. Hesselroth, still a resident of the county, tells me that during the time he was probate judge he did not have a case; neither did he have any duties to perform during the years he served as jusilee of the prace.
Thirty-two votes were cast, and there were possibly at the time twelve or four- teen other electors in the county who did not use their franchise. The party favoring Mr. Woolstencroft for auditor was successful. The officers elected were: B. W. Woolstencroft for auditor; John Il. Cunningham, treasurer ; Steph- en llowell, register of deeds; E. W. JIesselroth, judge of probate; Richard Morton, clerk of court; II. L. Wallace, sheriff; Stephen Muck, coroner.
Dissatisfied with the result of the election, Mr. Harris as auditor (which he held by appointment) refused to can- vass the vote. While he was undoubted- ly wrong in taking such a course and could have been compelled to make the canvass, conditions were such that no action was taken, and for the time be- ing there was no change in the person- nel of the county officers. No salary was attached lo any of the offices,3 and the officers-eleet were not ambitious enough to compel the canvassing of the vote, which would result in placing them in office. There was a spirited contest between Messrs. Thompson and Whalen for state senalor and Messrs. Chamberlain and Patchen for represen- tative, and the votes for these offices were canvassed by Anditor Harris.4
4While this was the first election in which the electors of Nobles county were permitted to vote for legislative candidates, it may be of interest to know who our legislators had bern previously. Under the legislative ap- portionment of isGo southwestern Minnesota. Including the counties of Faribault, Martin. Jackson, Cottonwood, Murray, Nobles, Pipe- stone, Rock and Brown west of range 34, was designated as the Twentieth district. In the legislatures of 1861 and 1862 Guy C. Cleveland
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.