USA > Minnesota > Goodhue County > History of Goodhue County, Minnesota > Part 40
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
The first gunner of the Olympia, who fired the first shot in the Battle of Manila, was Leonard G. J. Kuehlein. Rear Admiral Louis Kempff is German.
Some of the prominent Germans after the close of the Revolu- tionary and Civil War: Oswald Seidensticker and Gustav Koer- ner, historians; Ferdinand Pettrich, the sculptor; Isak Leeser, English author; Charles Sealsfield (Carl Postel), English and German author; John August Roebling one of the foremost engineers of modern times; John Jacob Astor, founder of the Astor Library; Albert Bierstadt. America's greatest landscape painter ; Emmanuel Leutze, historical painter ; Carl Schurz, states- man, orator and soldier; Conrad Nies, foremost German Ameri- can author; Thomas Nast. II. A. . Ratterman, Franz Hoffman (Hans Buschbaner), Christian Roselius, M. Hahn, Gustav Mem- mninger and E. A. Zuendt. Theologians : Dr. Phillips Schaff, Wm. Nast. Dr. C. F. W. Walther. Pedagogues: Hugo Muensterberg. Harvard; Kuno Franke, Harvard; Frederic Hirth, Columbia; IIerman von Hilprecht, University of Pennsylvania ; Paul Haupt. Johns Hopkins University; John Hanno Deiler. University of Louisiana ; Julius Goebel, Harvard; II. E. von Holst, University of Chicago.
The most of the early German settlers of Goodhue county who took claims or bought land and followed farming came from the rural districts of northern Germany principally from the provinces of Pomerania. Mecklenberg, Hanover. Westphalia and Saxony where, with the exception of Saxony, Low German, or Plattdeutch, is spoken almost exclusively. They were not gentle- men by birth, who came here in search of adventure and gold and would in the course of time go back again. They were not taught how to swing the axe in the dense forest, or how to clear the land for cultivation, but they were experienced farmers, healthy and robust. and well suited for the hardships and priva- tions which the early pioneers experienced. They did not own farms in Germany, but were tenants of lords who owned vast tracts of land, and paid them a mere pittance for a living. They therefore left their fatherland and came here, where they were better rewarded for their labor. In many cases they had not the means for the whole family to come over at once; but one of the family would come. and after he saved enough, would send for the rest of them. It often required several years to accomplish this. But Low German thrift. energy and endurance finally conquered all obstacles.
The country at large, as well as our own country, needed just such men to clear timber lands and break prairies for culti- vation. Most of the early settlers in the fifties had neither horses
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nor oxen. The first summer some spaded half an aere of land for their necessary wants. They carried a sack of flour and other provisions for ten or fifteen miles on their shoulders follow- ing Indian trails, fording creeks at times. There were but few highways. They had no houses when they first took claims and some lived in dugouts until they built log cabins.
The second or third year they had a yoke of oxen. Horses in the early fifties were rare. Many of the oldest pioneers have passed away, but some are still among us in comfortable circum- stances, and they, and principally their children, are now reaping the fruits of their labor. The old log houses are gone, and they now have comfortable homes, large stables for their stock. and granaries. One very distinctive characteristic of a German farmer are his premises; he will consider his own comfort last. You can almost observe at a glance if a German occupies a farm or one of another nationality. His barns, stables, granaries, etc., appear to be comparatively better than his own dwelling. It is his love for his stock his own peculiar thrift which is conspicu- ous to such an extent only in the German.
The pioneer farmer. in comparison with the modern farmer, was handicapped in many ways. There was no machinery, every- thing had to be done by hand ; his grain was sowed by hand, was eut with the scythe and threshed with a fail. and when harvest time came help was scarce and wages very high. When the farmer was to be out in the field he was obliged to go to town to look for harvest hands. If he should find any. it would happen that they would quit the same day, because they were but tramps. The modern farmer is well equipped with modern machinery. is in touch with the rest of the world, with his neighbors, far and near, with the city and the market by telephone and by daily delivery of mail, whereas the pioneer farmer was often without any communication for weeks, even months.
In the spring of 1855 the first boat up the river brought a number of German families from St. Louis. Among them were the two brothers William and Fred Tubbesing, the three brothers William, George F. and Henry Meyer, F. Wieke and Miss Kater- john. There were but few houses when they landed and no hotels. They were obliged to camp out for some time, but finally secured a log house. The Meyers took claims in Hay Creek and followed farming. In 1855, George F. Meyer and John Hack built a flouring mill on Hay Creek. The Tubbesings, who were cabinet makers, stayed in Red Wing and for some time worked for Andrew Koch, who operated a small furniture factory. Peter Tubbesing, who was then fourteen years
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
old, was employed in the factory of Charles Betcher for forty- eight years; has been foreman of the factory for many years. Ile retired in 1909.
The township' of Hay Creek was organized in 1858. The first settler was a Mr. Eger, who took a claim on section two, near the line of Wacoota township in the spring of 1854. In the fall of that year, George Friedrich, father of C. E. Fried- rich of the firm of Friedrich & Kempe, Red Wing. came to the township, but removed to Belle Creek immediately after. The first marriage was solemnized between Ernst Schubert, brother- in-law of Fred Saupe, and Miss Reinhart in 1859 by William Hayman, the first justice of the peace in the township. Early in the year 1856, Charles Ahlers built a house near the place where Burkard's hotel now stands. Mr. Ahlers was one of the many in those days who suffered the annoyance of a former claimant. Ile had his first log cabin nearly completed, when another man appeared to dispute his right to the land, whose elaim was based upon the fact that he had been there and inseribed his name on a tree previous to Mr. Ahler's advent. The former claimant was backed by a mob of men armed with elnbs. axes and other weapons. So there was no alternative for Mr. Ahlers but to leave his improvements or pay the required amount of cash. He paid the money, remained and opened his house for the accom- modation of travelers. The early settlers of this town were all subjected to trouble for a number of years on account of being within the limits of the "half breed tract." Church services were held at an early day by both Lutherans and Methodists (the history of which will follow under "Churches"). Each of these denominations has built very fine church edifices. In 1854 the following located claims in Hay Creek: John Hack, Charles Darling. Ernst Schubert, G. F. Meyer, Wmn. Meyer, H. Meyer, Charles Ahlers and Henry Isensee. In 1855, Rudolph Kruger and Fred Saupe. Mr. Kruger was a member of the first board of supervisors. ten years chairman of it. the first tax col- lector of the town, county commissioner one term, was elected to the State Legislature in 1875 and 1876. In 1854, Anton Scherf, Ferdinand Scherf. In 1856. August Santelman, Fred Kohn, George Zeitler, also Messrs. Brenefeld and Lichte and Albert Burkhard, who kept a store and hotel business besides the farm. In 1857, Henry Schlueter, Peter Stromberg, Henry Helmeeke and George Hartman. In 1858. Christian Senkpiehl and Albert Staiger.
The following are early settlers, but the exact year is not known. They are also Civil War veterans: Fred Baumbeek, Henry Burgdorf, August Buchholz, C. J. Henning. August B.
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Ilillig, John Hennings, J. G. Scholl. Peter Wallauer, Nicholaus Gross, Wm. F. Schmidt. Henry Bombach, Fred Westendorf, Fritz Klauser, William Plote, David Freiermuth.
The following is a partial list of the early German settlers :
In Belvidere-Klaus Holst in 1855, Peter Wagner, Jacob Wohlers.
In Cannon Falls-Charles Klock, John Hoffstaetter, John J. Hartig.
In Belle Creek-John Ililger, Jacob Hilger, David Switzer, James Schweiger.
In Cherry Grove-Henry Kuhns, Charles Hickman, Gottlieb Persig. Frank Yager, Frederick Walters.
In Featherstone-Joseph Katthoff, Frederick Selimidt. Jacob Banlich, Ernst Phefferle, Mathias Schabert.
In Florence-Michael Ackerman, Charles Herder, Casper Koch, William HIauk. Nicholas Schierard, Jacob Schneider, Ed. Schenach, John Roeper.
In Old Frontenac -- Charles Herder, Mike Ackerman. Engel- bert, Haller Lorenz, Jacob Schneider, Henry Huneke, John Huneke. Joseph Brenner. William Miller, John Friedrich. August Seebach, Fred Klehr. Engelbert Berchtholt.
In Wacoota-Charles Hahn in 1853, Anton and Ferdinand Scherf in 1854, Andrew Keye in 1854, William Miller in 1855, Julius Smith in 1855, Ludwig Thiergart.
In Goodhue-Theodore Kempter. Adelbert Reinhardt, Henry Brandes.
In Pine Island-William C. Ackerman. William Krapp, John Mohr, Joseph Ahneman, Conrad Durst, J. A. Kuhn in 1855, Henry Ahneman and John Ahneman in 1856. Schaeffer.
In Roscoe-John Buhler. Richard Dressel, Fredrick Hamman, Jolin Kreubeng, Frank Kunz, Jacob Rosch, John Schngg, Fred Schaunberg.
In Vasa-Carl Schroske, John Dablow.
In Wanamingo-William Hahn, John Betcher, Peter Hoppe.
In Warsaw-H. Zimmerman, Herman Scherf, Ernst Zahn,
In Holden-Charles Zimmerman, Fred Zimmerman, Charles Boatman. Abraham Zimmerman, Michael Hartman, Fred Schmidt. Henry Knutz, Edward Kohler.
In Kenyon-August Kaulke, Reinhart Reibath.
In Leon-Fred Mohrmann.
In Minneola-Carl Schlenty, Frank Stroback.
In 1853, J. J. Knauer, a German, surveyed and platted Red Wing for the proprietors, William Freeborn, Benjamin F. Hoyt. Charles L. Willis and Alex Ramsey. An early storekeeper of Red Wing was a German, Mr. Enz, of the firm of Jackson & Enz.
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
Early Settlers of Red Wing-Frederick Hempftling, Herman Hempftling, Fred Hempftling, Max Hempftling, Lena Hempft- ling, Amelia Hempftling, John Kuhn, William Rethschlag, W. F. Smith, Andrew Lehrbach in 1856; George Brenn, August Gross in 1857; Julius Anlauf, George D. Hartman, Henry Kulker. John Winter, Gustav Witte, August G. Hillig, Jacob Christ, C. F. C. Gran, John Pfeifer, Fred Remshard, Ernst Sempf, Gottlieb Bracher. M. Hickman, Henry Hickman, John Hickman, George Hiekman.
German soldiers of Goodhue county in the Civil War were: Herman Betcher (captain). John Hilger, Jacob Hilger, Peter Wagner. Jacob Wolher. Charles Klock, John Hoffstaetter, John J. Hartig, Henry Kuhns, Charles Hickman, Gottlieb Persig, Fred- rick Walters. Frank Yager, Joseph Katthoff, Frederick Schmidt, Jacob Banlich, Ernst Pfefferle, Mathias Schabert, Michael Acker- man, Charles Herder, Casper Koch, Wm. Hauk, Nicholas Sehier- ard. Jacob Schneider. Theodore Kempter. Adelbert Rinehardt, Henry Brandes. Charles Zimmerman, Fred Zimmerman, Charles Boatman, Abraham Zimmerman, Michael Hartman, Fred Schmidt, Henry Knutz. Edward Kohler, Fred Baumback, Henry Burgdorf, August Buchholz. C. J. Henning, August B. Hillig, John Hen- nings. Rud. Krueger. J. G. Scholl. Peter Wallauer, Fritz Klauser. David Freiermuth. Nicholas Gross. William F. Schmidt, Henry Bombach. Fred Westendorf, William Plote, Christian Senk- piel. August Kaulke, Reinhart Reibath, Fred Mohrmann. Carl Sehlenty. Frank Stroback, William C. Ackerman, William Krapp, John Mohr, Joseph Ahneman, Conard Durst, John Buhler, Richard Dressel, Fredrick Hamman, Frank Kunz, Jacob Rosch, John Schugg. Fred Schaunberg. Julius Anlauf. George D. Hartman, Henry Kulker. John Winter, Gustav Witte, August G. Hillig, Jacob Christ, C. F. C. Gran. Herman Hempftling. Ferdinand Hempftling. John Pfeifer. Fred Remshard, P. M. Stromberg, Ernst Sempf, Peter Tubbesing, Carl Sehroske, John Dablow, William Hahn. John Betcher. Peter Hoppe. II. Zimmerman, Her- man Scherf. Ernst Zahn, Ludwig Thiergart.
The Germans in Company G. 13th Minn. Inf. Vols., in the Spanish-American War were: Colonel Harry Friedrich ; Captain Oscar Seebach : Corporals Fred W. Reichert, George J. Haustein and Charles J. Ahlers: Musician Charles A. Wendler; Cook Christ C. Bracher; and Privates Gottlieb Amenda, Henry Bau- mert, Henry H. Bearbaum, Frank A. Brecht. John G. Gerdes, Robert L. C. Geib. Charles J. Hartman. Michael Hempftling, Ed- ward R. Kappel. Conrad J. Risch. Albert M. Schonweiler. Henry Seebach. George Tebbe and Benjamin J. Tubbesing.
Germans at present holding office in the city of Red Wing are :
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
Clerk, L. C. Meyer; treasurer, George F. Gross; health officer, Dr. G. C. Wellner; superintendent city cemeteries, HI. Hanisch. Board of aldermen : President of council, C. H. Tiedeman; first ward, Otto Remmler and Thomas Heiserman; sceond ward, Oscar Seebeck and G. F. Enz; third ward, C. H. Tiedeman and George F. Eichinger; fourth ward. W. J. Boek. Police department :- John Jansen, George Tebbe. Fire department: Board of fire commissioners-W. M. Remshardt. Fire companies (Headquar- ters Central Station City Hall). Steamer No. 1-Engineer, Her- man Saupe. Pipemen of Hose Co. No. 2-Louis Kruger, Herman Saupe, Jacob G. Kruger. Cataract Hose Co. No. 1-Henry Risse, captain : pipemen, Ilenry Sieg, Henry Mactzold. La Grange Hose Co. No. 4-W. C. Herlitz. Phoenix Hook and Ladder Co. No. 1-Joseph Reinboldt, J. A. Gross, truckmen.
Board of public works-J. HI. Schacht. Board of trustees city cemeteries-Charles Beekman, C. A. Betcher. Board of water commissioners-W. C. Krise. T. B. Sheldon Auditorium Board- ·C. A. Betcher, B. Gerlach.
County Officers-Auditor, Charles H. Meyer; treasurer, Fred Seebach; coroner, Robert L. C. Geib.
County Commissioners-Fred A. Scherf (chairman), Red Wing; A. H. Dicke, Red Wing.
German physicians in the county are: Drs. B. Jaehnig, George C. Wellner, M. Cremer and P. J. Weyrens.
ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL AND TRAINING SCHOOL.
St. John's Hospital is an outgrowth of the private hospital of Drs. Cremer and Claydon, opened in the city of Red Wing, October 12th, 1902. Owing to the rapid growth which marked the eareer of this institution from the very outset, four trained nurses and four student nurses were employed by the firm. During the winter months additional trained nurses were engaged as occasion demanded, and the student nurses regularly received both practical and theoretical instruction from the superintendent in charge of the hospital, Ida G. Beauford. Two hundred and thirty-six patients were admitted during the year. This number, in the opinion of Drs. Cremer and Claydon far transcended the space and facilities of their temporary hospital quarters; and as the number, especially of patients coming from a distance, was constantly on the increase, new accommodations and permanent quarters for the caring of their sick had become a necessity.
The plan of establishing upon a permanent basis, a hospital and training school for nurses had been informally discussed on various occasions during the years 1902-03 by members of the Lutheran clergy and laity of Red Wing. As matters had stood
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for many years, adequate treatment, especially of surgical cases and of cases requiring expert medical and dietetic nursing, was frequently sought in towns far distant, owing not so much to a lack of medical talent nearer home as to a want of trained help, proper equipment and adequate facilities for the care and treat- ment of such cases. The success of the Cremer & Clayden hospital now emphasized the urgency of this need. Credit must be given especially to the untiring efforts of Rev. J. R. Baumann, of St. John's church, Red Wing. who brought his influence to bear upon a number of business and professional men in this city, and on several occasions revived the plan of establishing a Lutheran hospital. when others had abandoned it as unfeasible. With the assistance of J. II. Schacht, C. F. Hjermstad, E. H. Rehder and J. C. Seebach, a definite plan of procedure towards the realization of this idea was outlined. A temporary organ- ization was effected in the summer of 1903, and the corporation was organized October 7th, 1903. under the laws of the state of Minnesota. with J. Il. Schacht as president. C. F. Hjermstad as vice-president, E. H. Rehder as secretary, J. Albrecht as treasurer and Rev. J. R. Baumann. Charles Reinhart, John C. Seebach and John Gerdau as trustees. The corporation immediately acquired No. 1407 West Fourth street as a permanent home of the hospital and training school. Ida G. Beauford was engaged as superin- tendent of nurses and continues to serve the hospital in that capacity. Drs. M. H. Cremer. L. E. Claydon and A. E. Johnson constitute the regular hospital staff.
A new addition of twenty rooms is now in progress of con- struction for the purpose of having more private wards and for lack of room in general. The cost of the addition will be $16.000.
The hospital is located in the best district of Red Wing, about one-half mile from the business center and well removed from the noise. dust and smoke of factories and railways. The building is surrounded by a spacious lawn and grove and affords a beautiful view of the Mississippi and of the charming scenery along its banks.
The main floor of the building contains a large reception room. a dining room for the nurses. a well-appointed kitchen, and wards. On the second floor is the operating room, laboratory, wards and private rooms. and the nurses' quarters. The building is a beautiful brick structure, and the interior is elegantly and tastefully furnished throughout. It is heated by hot air and hot water.
The operating room and the laboratory are fitted out accord- ing to the most advanced ideas and contain a very complete surgical equipment.
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
The Corporation-The general purpose of this corporation, according to its articles of incorporation, shall be the owning, erecting, improving, maintaining and conducting a publie hos- pital for the medical and surgical care and treatment and the nursing of persons afflicted with disease admitted as patients therein and to do and perform all the business incident and neces- sary to the successful operation of a public hospital. The plan of operation of said corporation shall be the securing of funds for the establishment and maintenance of said hospital from gifts and voluntary donations, from issuing its capital stock and, if necessary, from loans and from reasonable charges for the care, treatment or nursing of patients who are financially able to pay therefor. The corporation is organized for benevolent pur- poses and not for profit and shall, whenever able to do so, care for and nurse worthy poor patients admitted into the hospital without charge. The location of said corporation and of said hospital shall be at the city of Red Wing, in the county of Goodhue. in the state of Minnesota.
Membership-Any male Lutheran above the age of twenty- one years, who is a member in good standing of any Lutheran church in the United States which has become or shall become affiliated or connected with the Synodical Conference, upon becoming a stockholder of the corporation and making appliea- tion therefor, may become a member of this corporation.
Capital Stock-The capital stock of said corporation shall be thirty-five thousand dollars. divided into seven thousand shares of five dollars each. Such stock shall be sold, issued and delivered only to persons eligible as members of this corporation. No owner or holder of any such stock shall dispose of the same to any person who is not eligible as a member of this corporation. No sale or transfer of any stock of this corporation shall be valid or effected unless such sale or transfer shall have been entered upon the books of the corporation.
The officers of Hospital Corporation in 1903 were: J. H. Schacht, president ; C. F. Hjermstad, vice-president ; E. H. Rehder, secretary and treasurer. Trustees-J. H. Schacht, E. H. Rehder, Charles Reinhart, Rev. J. R. Banmann, Rev. E. I. Strom, J. C. Seebach and Albert Keye. Business Manager-Charles Reinhart. Hospital Staff-M. H. Cremer, M. D .: L. E. Claydon. M. D .: A. E. Johnson. M. D. Superintendent of nurses and director of training school-Ida G. Beauford. Nurses' committee-Theo. Graebner (chairman), F. W. Kalfahs.
The officers of the Hospital Corporation in 1909 are: JJ. IL. Schacht. president; A. W. Dieke, vice-president : E. II. Rehder, secretary. and R. W. Rehder, treasurer. Trustees-J. HI. Schacht.
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
E. H. Rehder, W. Adler, Rev. J. R. Baumann, Rev. E. I. Strom, John Gerdau, C. H. Tiedeman. Hospital staff-M. H. Cremer, M. D .; L. E. Claydon, M. D .; A. E. Johnson, M. D. Superintend- ent of nurses and director of training school-Hannah Keller. Nurses' committee-Henry Adler, J. R. Baumann, John Gerdau. Visiting Committee-W. J. Schroeder, II. Ahlers, John Luth, Rev. Wm. Franzman, John Burfeind, C. F. Arndt, Charles Luth, A. Thuman, M. Skramstad, C. Hernlem, Albert Keye, Harvey Luth, Fred J. Wohlers, Chris. Reitmann. Others will be named later by committee.
GERMAN LODGES.
Turners' Opera Hall .- This building was erected by Germans, the Turners' Society, in 1873. It was a brick structure resting on a stone basement ; dimensions, 50x110 feet, and cost $23,000. The hall was conveniently arranged and properly furnished, including stage seenery and all the necessary paraphernalia. It had seating capacity for 900 people. The building was destroyed by fire in 1882.
The Turners' Society was organized December 3, 1867, with thirty members. The officers were: William Eisenbrand, presi- dent : J. Kuhn, vice-president : F. Bush, secretary; L. Hoffman, assistant secretary ; and H. Wolf, treasurer. Trustees, J. Winter, F. Hartman and M. Kappel. The society now has a membership of fifty. The officers in 1878 were: John Frederick, president; R. Landauer, secretary; A. Oswald, assistant secretary, and John Bombach, treasurer. Trustees, Wm. Eisenbrand, A. Remmler and L. Hoffman.
Teutonia Lodge No. 9, an order of the Sons of Herman, was organized October 30, 1878, with the following charter members : Frank Durig. Anton Brag. John Hamm. H. Plaas, Carl Busch, L. Wunderlich, R. M. Fox. Fr. Hoffmann. Ernst Springer, Herman Oswald, Dr. Bruno Jaehning, Carl Goebel, Gottlieb Bracher.
Olga Lodge No. 7, an order of the Sons of Herman, was organ- ized October 30, 1893, with the following charter members : Fried- erika Altmeyer. Katie Altmann, Anna Bellhammer, Lina Boat- mann, Mary Grieve, Mary Klingrath, Sophia Hegmann, Bertha Hammer. Amalia Herberger, Mary Huneke. Carrie Landeck, Anna Miller. Bertha Metzler, Anna Neumann, Bertha Risse, Augusta Ratz, Barbara Schmidt, Lina Schellenberger, Margaretha Straub, Rosa Schilling, Carolina Vieths, Katie Vollmers, Minna Wiech, Mary Wiech.
GERMAN INDUSTRIES.
Kappel's Wagon and Carriage Shops. The wagon and car- riage manufactory of M. & J. Kappel was commenced in 1865.
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HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY
Their shops were opened in a frame building on Third street, near Plum, with a capital of about $2,000. Their business in- creased so as to demand enlarged accommodations, and in 1875 they tore down the old shops and erected their present ones, which are 40x60 feet, three stories high, and cost $5,000. They gave employment to fifteen men, and turned out about one hun- dred lumber wagons annually, besides sixty buggies, platform wagons, sleighs, etc. Their business averaged about $15,000 per annum. They had about $6,000 invested in the business. ex- clusive of buildings and ground.
In 1879 John Kappel retired from the business and M. Kappel became sole proprietor. M. Kappel was a shareholder in the Red Wing Wagon Company and manager of the same. The enter- prise turned out to be a failure financially and Mr. Kappel lost considerable money.
William Remshardt, who has a wagon, paint and blacksmith shop on Plum street, started in business twenty-three years ago, in 1886, on the corner of Fourth and Bush, under the firm of Rem- shardt & Engfer; later he bought the Newstrom property. with Anton Hendel as partner, on Plum street, the present location. Mr. Hendel died in 1901, and since then Mr. Remshardt has been sole proprietor.
Other wagon factories have been in operation, those of Henry .J. Helmeke, H. Haniseh, and Chas. Reinhart.
Newspaper Publication. For twelve years, from 1891-1903, a weekly German newspaper was published in Red Wing, called the Teutonia. Herman Risch was the editor. Mr. Risch is now op- erating the printing press of the Training School.
Reichert Cooperage. George Reichert had two large cooper shops, one on Third and one on Seventh street. The former was erected in 1867, was 20x60 feet, two stories in height, and fur- nished employment to nine men. The latter was built in 1877, two stories, 26x100, employed twenty men and turned out 60,- 000 barrels annually. On the same street Mr. Reichert also car- ried on a small one-story shop, employing four men. At the last named place tight work was manufactured. All the products of these three manufactories found a ready market in the city and country. Capital involved about $8,000. Number of men em- ployed, from twenty-five to thirty. The shops on Seventh street are still in operation. Since the death of Mr. Reichert in 1895, John Reichert became manager of the business. The Reicherts have also built up an extensive bottling trade.
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