USA > Minnesota > Goodhue County > History of Goodhue county, including a sketch of the territory and state of Minnesota > Part 19
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Following the speech of Attorney General Devens, President Hayes again advanced to the front, holding a Bible in his hand. He explained that book was the gift of a Union soldier of Minneapolis, who wished it sold at auction and the proceeds devoted to the family of some confed- erate soldier, suffering from the present terrible epidemic, yellow fever. Accepting the situation with characteristic vim, Mayor Rand converted himself into an auctioneer, and called for a first bid. The response came in the cry of "$5," then " $10." Then came a demand for names and the bidding was continued as follows, in the midst of repeated cheers : D. C. Gilman, of Minneapolis, " $50;" Mrs. J. I. Case, of Racine, Wis., " $75;" R. F. Jones, Minneapolis, called out " $80," followed by tremendous cheering. The kind-hearted little lady from Wisconsin, not to be outdone in generosity, raised her bid to "$100," and took the book-the crowd shouting themselves hoarse, while handkerchiefs filled the air like a shower of big snow flakes.
This spirited scene was followed by loud calls for Mrs. Hayes, who was escorted to the front by Gov. Pillsbury and greeted with rounds of respectful cheers, as the first lady and one of the noblest women in a land of noble women. Cheers were also proposed and given for Mrs. J. I. Case, for her generous contribution to the yellow fever fund, and everyone seemed thoroughly delighted with the day's experiences on the grounds.
Subseqently, Mrs. Case very generously returned the valued book to the donor, D. Newton Severance, with her compliments.
As President Hayes and wife were leaving the grounds, they under- went a series of friendly shakes, and the name of the soldier who pre. sented the Bible being called for, back came the response : " D. Newton Severance, of Minneapolis."
The party returned to St. Paul on Saturday evening, where they
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remained over Sunday. Monday they left the capital of the generous- hearted North Star State, on their return to their homes, stopping for a few hours at Hastings, the home of the Commissioner of Agriculture, LeDuc, and at Red Wing, in both of which cities they were welcomed by thousands of people.
After speaking to the multitude from the south balcony of the St. James Hotel at the latter city, and partaking of a sumptuous collation given by her citizens in the spacious dining hall of that house, at 9:50 P. M., the distinguished party bade adieu to the city of bluffs and church spires and started on their homeward journey.
JOURNALISTIC ENTERPRISE.
THE CONTRAST.
Steadily with the growth and development of the State, journalism has held a place in the front rank of her industries. It has done more to mould her destinies and direct her prosperity than any other one interest. Perhaps no State in the Union of her years has enjoyed a journalistic career as bright and substantial as Minnesota. The follow- ing from the St. Paul " Pioneer Press," of January 2d, 1877, will be instructive in this connection :
We have some difficulty in deciding whether the old " Pioneer," or the old " Press," is the main stem of the consolidated newspaper, the Minneapolis "Tribune " being a later and younger affluent. The " Press," though twelve years younger, had far outgrown in general business prosperity its older rival when the latter was taken to its 12
R. HOE & CO NEW
YORK.
O
A.H. JOCELYN . N.Y.
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bosom, but the "Pioneer " had the precedence of seniority, and for historical purposes, at least, may be considered the original stem of the consolidated " Pioneer Press." The St. Paul " Pioneer " was founded by James M. Goodhue, who came to St. Paul in the spring of 1849, with a printing press and materials from Lancaster, Grant county, Wisconsin, soon after the territory was organized. He put his printing press in a little shanty on Third street, and there laid the corner stone of Minne- sota journalism. On a previous page is given a cut of the little Wash- ington hand press, with which the parent journal began its toils in 1849 ; and on the opposite page is seen a speaking likeness of the giant press which embodies the mechanical power and symbolizes the vigor, enterprize, and prosperity of the " Pioneer Press " of 1877.
The contrast is a suggestive one, and there are volumes of stirring history, of unrewarded toil, of fruitless enterprise, of hardly won successes, in the long interval of thirty-one years, which separates these two pictorial terms of comparison. Near the site of the little shanty, where Goodhue planted his little Washington hand-press. the stately and magnificent four-story stone building of the " Pioneer Press," fifty feet front and a hundred and fifty deep, now rears its imposing front. The " Pioneer " was not issued as a daily till 1854, when Earl S. Goodrich became its proprietor and editor. It was a prosperous paper during his administration, and in the fall of that year, the little hand-press was supplanted by a Hoe drum press, which was run by hand for a year, and afterwards by steam. This press was capable of working off about 1,000 impressions an hour, and was considered a big thing in those days. For this, which Mr. Goodrich found too cumbrous for his business, he subsequently substituted a smaller one-cylinder Hoe press, run by steam-power of about the same capacity.
In 1861 the "Press" started with a small hand-power press rented for the purpose, but was soon compelled to purchase a new Taylor power press run by steam. It was not until 1870, however, that it was found necessary or deemed financially prudent to get a Hoe one-cylinder which was capable of turning off 1,500 impressions an hour; but though this was not equal to their necessities, and was the occasion of their missing a great many mails and many disappointments to city subscribers, a two-cylinder was felt to be more expensive than the " Press" Company could afford. In 1872, however, its neighbor, the "Pioneer," went into a great lottery scheme for increasing its circula- tion, The scheme succeeded so far as circulation was concerned, but it broke the concern. To work off their immense edition they found it necessary to purchase a two-cylinder Potter press. This press, which
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was capable of 3,000 impressions per hour, became the property of the " Pioneer Press" on the consolidation of the two papers, and it proved a fortunate possession; for without it they would have been wholly unable to work off the large edition of the two papers, which was subsequently increased by the absorption of the " Minneapolis Tribune," and since then still further increased by the impulse given to the popularity of the newspaper by the great improvements its proprietors were enabled to make in it, and by its independent course. But the circulation of the " Pioneer Press" made such unexpectedly rapid strides beyond the combined circulations of the consolidated newspapers, that it was soon found that the two-cylinder press could not begin to do the work required of it. To work off their edition at all, it was necessary to send the first side to press at from 9:30 to 10:30 P. M., and the forms of their last side to press by 2:30 A. M., at farthest, and even then the press pushed to its utmost speed was unable to meet the demands upon it- and every day was making matters worse. It often happened that the most important telegraphic news came after 2 A. M., or even as late as 3 A. M. They either had to cut off the news or disappoint their subscri- bers, and the slightest derangement of the machinery, or any other cause of delay, would oblige them to miss important mails and to defraud the city subscribers of their papers before breakfast. A four-cylinder press was, therefore, an imperative necessity ; and though it cost a sum of money sufficient to build two or three average business blocks, they have no doubt it will prove as profitable as it was a necessary invest- ment. It will be interesting to recapitulate the indices above mentioned of the powers of the Hercules whose infancy was cradled by James M. Goodhue, and whose later steps were guided by as many masters as Rabelais' Gargantua, as measured by the various presses which marked and symbolized its various stages of development.
From 1849 to 1854, a Washington hand press-capacity 240 impres- sions an hour.
From 1854 to 1866, a Hoe drum or some similar press-capacity 1,000 to 1,200 impressions an hour.
From 1866 to 1875, a Hoe cylinder press-capacity 1,500 impres- sions an hour.
From 1875 to 1877, a double cylinder-capacity 3,000 im pressions an hour.
1877, a Hoe four cylinder-capacity 10,000 impressions per hour.
So that in 1877 the " Pioneer Press " prints in less than a minute and a half as many impressions as Goodhue could print in an hour. This expressive contrast is a fair measure of the immense growth of Minne-
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sota journalism since its first feeble plant was made thirty-one years ago.
We have not deemed it necessary to go at length into the other aspects of this progress beyond its mere mechanical expressions and symbols. But it will not fail to occur to every one that this growth is a part of the general progress of this State and region. When the first number of the " Pioneer " was issued, there were not more than 4,000 people in the present limits of Minnesota, nor more than 300, mostly half-breeds, in St. Paul. There were still fewer at St. Anthony, and none at all in Minneapolis west. Now these towns embrace an aggre- gate population of 75,000 souls, and the State at least 800,000. In 1849 the only agencies through which the " Pioneer " could receive news was through a weekly mail by steamboat, and in winter by stage from Dubuque. There was no telegraph in those days in this region, and no railroad nearer than Elgin, in Illinois. We have bravely changed all that. It would astonish Goodhue if he could once arise from his grave to see the changes which have been accomplished since his day in the mere apparatus for the collection and transmission of news, to say nothing of the wonderful transformation which the progress of civiliza- tion and wealth and culture have effected in the external aspects of the country. Lines of telegraph, stretching their wires all over the State and the Union, and across the ocean through Europe, pour the daily news gatherings of the associated press from all parts of the country and the world in the news columns of the daily journal, while the steam cars on a dozen lines of railroads are waiting to carry the great sacks of newspapers to every part of the State and of the North- west.
During the first week in September, 1878, while two of the greatest Fairs ever held in the Northwest were attracting the largest crowds of people ever assembled in that region, the Pioneer Press Co. issued for six consecutive days a twelve-page paper containing seventy-two columns.
90,000 copies were issued during the six days.
The weight of paper used was six and three-fourths tons.
The sheets used, if fastened one to the other lengthway, would extend over seventy-nine miles.
Spreading the sheets out singly, the area covered would be thirty-one and eleven-sixteenth acres.
Reducing the number of columns to single columns, and the aggre- gate issue would form a line one column wide of 2045 miles in length.
In preparing and circulating this great paper there were employed :
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In editorial department, - 19
In composition and proof reading, 43
In press room, 10
In mailing room, 15
In carriers' department, both cities, 25
In business department, - 12
Total, - 124
(This force was employed for only one of the departments. In the book room, job room, bindery, and lithographic departments, there are from sixty-five to seventy hands employed in addition to above.)
The total expenses of the paper for the six days footed up $2,850.
The press but shares in the general progress which has been going on all over the State and throughout the entire Northwest.
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
EDUCATIONAL.
The State University is located at Minneapolis, East Division. It was chartered under territorial jurisdiction. * " Under an act of Congress approved February 19, 1851, there were located for the use of the University, 46,468.35 acres of land, of which amount 23,361.71 were pine lands, and 23,106.64 acres of agricultural lands. Of the latter, 1,193.26 acres were sold by the board of regents in 1862.
"By act of the legislature approved March 5, 1863, the State Auditor, as Commissioner of the State Land Office, was required to take charge of the University lands. By the act of March 4, 1864, a new board of regents was appointed, and invested with special powers, for the purpose of liquidating the indebtedness of the institution, and authorized to dispose of 12,000 acres of the university lands ; which amount was subsequently increased to 14,000 acres.
"Their reports show that a total of 14,734.76 acres were sold.
" An additional grant of seventy-two sections, or 46,080 acres, was made to the State for University purposes, by act of Congress approved July 8, 1870.
" Of the first grant, 36,703.75 acres only were certified before the organization of the State. By a ruling of the Interior Department the 9,764.60 acres of the first grant certified since the State organization,
* Report of State Auditor, 1878.
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are chargeable to the second grant, leaving only 37,079.24 acres to be selected.
"The selections for this amount have been practically completed by the governor, of which the following lists have been approved.
District.
Date of Approval.
Acres,
Alexandria,
May 13, 1872,
6,042.37
New Ulm,
September 24, 1872, 7,319.71
Duluth,
August 29, 1873, 822.89
St. Cloud,
August 29, 1873,
4,388.94
Oak Lake,
August 29, 1873, 4,786.05
Alexandria,
December 27, 1873, 2,880.00
Total,
26,239.96
The proceeds of the Agricultural College lands and of the University lands, go into the permanent University fund. The sales of Agricultu- ral College lands in 1877 amounted to 7,551 acres, at the average price of $5.81 per acre. The total sales of Agricultural College lands, at the close of the last year, amounted to 49,643.75 acres. The total amount realized was $280,739.68.
NORMAL SCHOOLS.
There are three legally established Normal Schools in the State. The first State Normal School is located at Winona, the second at Man- kato, and the third at St. Cloud. The resources of these schools are State appropriations and funds arising from tuition in the model schools.
The State Reform School is located near St. Paul, in Ramsey county.
ASYLUMS.
The Deaf and Dumb and the Blind Asylums are located at Faribault. The building was commenced in 1866. Additions have been made from time to time, as the needs of the State required. In 1874 a law was passed levying a tax of ten dollars against each saloon in the State, annually, for the purpose of erecting and maintaining an Inebriate Asylum. Rochester was selected as the site of the new institution, grounds secured, and the erection of the building commenced. The last session of the Legislature, however, changed the programme, and passed an act providing that it should be used for the purposes of a second insane asylum. It will be opened this fall (1878) for the recep- tion of patients. It will cost from $35,000 to $40,000.
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STATE PRISON.
The penitentiary is located at Stillwater. The pioneer settlers in Minnesota Territory located in the vicinity of St. Paul, St. Anthony Falls and Stillwater, and by a kind of mutual understanding the capitol was located at St. Paul, the penitentiary at Stillwater, and the State University at St. Anthony-now included in the city of Minneapolis.
The following table, taken from the last report of the State Auditor, shows the cost of buildings for the several State institutions :
Years.
Prison.
Reform School.
Insane.
Deaf, Dumb and Blind.
University.
Normal Schools.
Total.
1866
$ 7,100 14
$ 9,330 00
9,600 82
$ 10,000 00
$ 36,030 96
1867.
14,157 93
5,000 00
39.233 73
43,339 18
$ 8,000 00
25,000 00
134,790 84
1868
6,600 00
76,436 27
7,033 09
7,000 00
30,000 00
127,069 36
1869.
17,150 00
10,000 00
49,859 43
10,000 00
37,000 00
124,009 43
1870
12,150 00
18,100 00
10,140 57
466 91
65.576 68
101,434 16
1871.
39,596 47
63,169,00
25,000 00
10,000 00
14,954 84
152,720 31
1872
31,387 79
3,000 00
2,700 00
37,087 79
1873.
40,000 00
20,000 00
128,000 00
31,000 00
15,000 00
20,600 00
254,600 00
1874
5,849 35
5,500 00
77,000 00
9,000 00
61,500 00
20,000 00
178,849 35
1875
34.836 18
20,800 00
7,000 00
7,850 00
3,100 00
73,586 18
1876.
3,136 76
25,000 00
4.000 00
18,000 00
50,136 76
1877.
11,713 30
9,492 78
5,500 00
2,500 00
29,206 08
Total
$217,059 92 $ 75,200 00 $511,461 78 $152,000 00
$127,350 00|
$231,431 52 |$1,314,521 22
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CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
SECTION 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
SEC. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.
No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representa- tive; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Mary- land six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, and Georgia three.
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CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
SEC. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated.at the expira- tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law.
SEC. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.
171
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.
SEC. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.
Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two- thirds, expel a member.
Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nayes of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.
SEC. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.
SEC. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amend- ments as on other bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and
172
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nayes, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- days excepted,) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.
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